BACKGROUND The incidence of toxic diffuse goiter(Graves’disease)is higher in adolescents and preschool-aged children,with an upward trend.The incidence at 6–13 years of age is approximately 11.0%,and the incidences ...BACKGROUND The incidence of toxic diffuse goiter(Graves’disease)is higher in adolescents and preschool-aged children,with an upward trend.The incidence at 6–13 years of age is approximately 11.0%,and the incidences in men and women are 7.8%and 14.3%,respectively.AIM To explore the clinical effect of methimazole combined with selenium in the treatment of toxic diffuse goiter(Graves’disease)in children and its effect on serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody(TRAb)and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb).METHODS A total of 103 children with Graves’disease treated in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2021 were divided into a traditional group and a combined group(15-20 mg methimazole orally given to children)and a combined group(50μg selenium added on the basis of traditional treatment)according to different treatment methods to explore the therapeutic effects of the two methods and to observe the changes in thyroid volume and serum TRAb,TPOAb,free thyroxine(FT4)and inflammatory factor levels before and after treatment.The time taken for FT4 to return to normal was compared between the two groups.RESULTS Treatment was significantly more effective in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).The thyroid volumes of the children in the two groups was measured before and after treatment.Thyroid volume decreased significantly after treatment in both groups,and the thyroid volume was significantly lower in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).The serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,TRAb,TPOAb and FT4 in the two groups were detected before and after treatment.The levels of IL-6,IL-8,TRAb,TPOAb and FT4 were significantly lower in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).Follow-up of the children in the two groups showed that compared with the traditional group,it took less time for children in the combined group to return to the normal level(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Methimazole combined with selenium can effectively treat Graves’disease in children,reduce the expression of TRAb,TPOAb,FT4 and inflammatory factors,and improve the curative effect.Thus,the combined treatment warrants further clinical research.展开更多
In order to investigate the relationship between concentration of methimazole(MMTand clinical curative efficacy,the concentration of MMI in Plasma and thyroid tissue was measuredin 26 patients with Graves' disease...In order to investigate the relationship between concentration of methimazole(MMTand clinical curative efficacy,the concentration of MMI in Plasma and thyroid tissue was measuredin 26 patients with Graves' disease by HPLC,meanwhile their T-lymphocyte subsets,thyroid autoimmune antibodies and serum immunoglobulin were also measured.The results showed: ① The plasmaand intrathyroid concentrations of MMI of recovery group were much higher than those of unrecovery group(P<0.001).② The hardness of thyroid had a significant effect on the concentration ofMMI in thyroid.③Plasma concentration of MMI in the patients with no or 1￣2-degree enlargement of thyroid was much higher than that in the patients with 3-degree enlargement of thyroid(P<0.001). In addition, the plasma concentration of MMI in the subjects with soft thyroid was mudhigher than that in those with hard thyroid(P<0.001).Our study demonstrated that MMI playeda role in the immune supression of thyroid autoimmune antibodies and the immune regulation of Tand B-lymphocytes.Effective MMI concentration in the plasma and intrathyroid is the key of thesuccessful clinical treatment and correlates with the size and hardness of thyroid.展开更多
Objective:To explore the mechanism of Huatan Sanjie Fang(HTSJ)in regulating goiter in Graves'disease(GD)mice by detecting key factors of the Hippo signaling pathway.Methods:A mouse model of GD was established by i...Objective:To explore the mechanism of Huatan Sanjie Fang(HTSJ)in regulating goiter in Graves'disease(GD)mice by detecting key factors of the Hippo signaling pathway.Methods:A mouse model of GD was established by injecting Ad-TSHR289 adenovirus into the bilateral quadriceps femoris of female mice.Successful mouse models were then randomly divided into a model group,methimazole(MMI)group,and HTSJ group,and fed with deionized water,MMI(4.5 mg/kg per day),and HTSJ(35.10 g/kg per day),respectively,for 10 weeks.Histopathological changes of the thyroid gland were subsequently observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Radioimmunoassay was used to detect serum total thyroxine(T4)and thyrotrophin-receptor antibody(TRAb)levels.The relative expression of mRNA of Mst1,YAP,and TAZ were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,while the protein expression of Mst1,YAP,TAZ,pMst1,and pYAP were detected by western blot.Results:After 10 weeks of drug intervention,goiter and other pathological changes in the HTSJ group significantly improved compared with the model group,and the levels of serum T4 and TRAb significantly decreased(P=.002,P<.001,respectively).Decreased mRNA expression of Mst1,YAP,and TAZ,the key factors of the Hippo signaling transduction pathway,was also observed(P=.002,P=.022,P<.001,respectively).In contrast,protein expression of Mst1(P=.046),pMst1(P=.026),and p YAP(P=.004)increased,while protein expression of YAP and TAZ decreased(P=.041,P<.001,respectively).Conclusion:HTSJ can effectively improve goiter in GD mice through the Hippo signaling pathway.展开更多
In the present study, we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism on the morphology of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and Zucker lean control rats. To induce hypothyroidism...In the present study, we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism on the morphology of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and Zucker lean control rats. To induce hypothyroidism, Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty rats at 7 weeks of age orally received the vehicle or methimazole, an anti-thyroid drug, treatment for 5 weeks and were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age in all groups for blood chemistry and immunohistochemical staining. In the me- thimazole-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty rats, the serum circulating triiodo- thyronine （T3） and thyroxine （＇I＂4） levels were significantly decreased compared to levels observed in the vehicle-treated Zucker lean control or Zucker diabetic fatty rats. This reduction was more prominent in the methimazole-treated Zucker diabetic fatty group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein im- munoreactive astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1）-immunoreactive microglia in the Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty group were diffusely detected in the hippocampal CA1 region and dentate gyrus. There were no significant differences in the glial fibril- lary acidic protein and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus between Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups. However, in the methimazole-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups, the processes of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreac- tive astrocytes and Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia, were significantly decreased in both the CA1 region and dentate gyrus compared to that in the vehicle-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups. These results suggest that diabetes has no effect on the morphology of as- trocytes and microglia and that hypothyroidism during the onset of diabetes prominently reduces the processes of astrocytes and microglia.展开更多
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans, and the most frequent cause of mental retardation. Patients affected by this syndrome show an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases. The m...Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans, and the most frequent cause of mental retardation. Patients affected by this syndrome show an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases. The most common of those is Hypothyroidism. We present a case report describing the association of Down syndrome with Hyperthyroidism. An 18-year-old patient presented with a history of recurrent throat infections and intermittent diarrhea, having developed a total alopecia areata within one month from the first visit to the physician. After consultations with general practitioners, he was directed to an Endocrinology Ambulatory and diagnosed with a clear case of Graves’ disease associated with Down syndrome. Treatment was started with methimazole 20 mg/day, and after two months, was adjusted to 40 mg/day. The patient reached adequate clinical and laboratory balance after five months of treatment. Thus, the association between Down syndrome and Graves’ Disease is relevant in medical practice, due to its specific characteristics on diagnosis, and the need of an adequate treatment regarding this disease association.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of toxic diffuse goiter(Graves’disease)is higher in adolescents and preschool-aged children,with an upward trend.The incidence at 6–13 years of age is approximately 11.0%,and the incidences in men and women are 7.8%and 14.3%,respectively.AIM To explore the clinical effect of methimazole combined with selenium in the treatment of toxic diffuse goiter(Graves’disease)in children and its effect on serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody(TRAb)and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb).METHODS A total of 103 children with Graves’disease treated in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2021 were divided into a traditional group and a combined group(15-20 mg methimazole orally given to children)and a combined group(50μg selenium added on the basis of traditional treatment)according to different treatment methods to explore the therapeutic effects of the two methods and to observe the changes in thyroid volume and serum TRAb,TPOAb,free thyroxine(FT4)and inflammatory factor levels before and after treatment.The time taken for FT4 to return to normal was compared between the two groups.RESULTS Treatment was significantly more effective in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).The thyroid volumes of the children in the two groups was measured before and after treatment.Thyroid volume decreased significantly after treatment in both groups,and the thyroid volume was significantly lower in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).The serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,TRAb,TPOAb and FT4 in the two groups were detected before and after treatment.The levels of IL-6,IL-8,TRAb,TPOAb and FT4 were significantly lower in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).Follow-up of the children in the two groups showed that compared with the traditional group,it took less time for children in the combined group to return to the normal level(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Methimazole combined with selenium can effectively treat Graves’disease in children,reduce the expression of TRAb,TPOAb,FT4 and inflammatory factors,and improve the curative effect.Thus,the combined treatment warrants further clinical research.
文摘In order to investigate the relationship between concentration of methimazole(MMTand clinical curative efficacy,the concentration of MMI in Plasma and thyroid tissue was measuredin 26 patients with Graves' disease by HPLC,meanwhile their T-lymphocyte subsets,thyroid autoimmune antibodies and serum immunoglobulin were also measured.The results showed: ① The plasmaand intrathyroid concentrations of MMI of recovery group were much higher than those of unrecovery group(P<0.001).② The hardness of thyroid had a significant effect on the concentration ofMMI in thyroid.③Plasma concentration of MMI in the patients with no or 1￣2-degree enlargement of thyroid was much higher than that in the patients with 3-degree enlargement of thyroid(P<0.001). In addition, the plasma concentration of MMI in the subjects with soft thyroid was mudhigher than that in those with hard thyroid(P<0.001).Our study demonstrated that MMI playeda role in the immune supression of thyroid autoimmune antibodies and the immune regulation of Tand B-lymphocytes.Effective MMI concentration in the plasma and intrathyroid is the key of thesuccessful clinical treatment and correlates with the size and hardness of thyroid.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund(82004337)the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine new teacher launch fund(2020-JYB-XJSJJ-002)。
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanism of Huatan Sanjie Fang(HTSJ)in regulating goiter in Graves'disease(GD)mice by detecting key factors of the Hippo signaling pathway.Methods:A mouse model of GD was established by injecting Ad-TSHR289 adenovirus into the bilateral quadriceps femoris of female mice.Successful mouse models were then randomly divided into a model group,methimazole(MMI)group,and HTSJ group,and fed with deionized water,MMI(4.5 mg/kg per day),and HTSJ(35.10 g/kg per day),respectively,for 10 weeks.Histopathological changes of the thyroid gland were subsequently observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Radioimmunoassay was used to detect serum total thyroxine(T4)and thyrotrophin-receptor antibody(TRAb)levels.The relative expression of mRNA of Mst1,YAP,and TAZ were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,while the protein expression of Mst1,YAP,TAZ,pMst1,and pYAP were detected by western blot.Results:After 10 weeks of drug intervention,goiter and other pathological changes in the HTSJ group significantly improved compared with the model group,and the levels of serum T4 and TRAb significantly decreased(P=.002,P<.001,respectively).Decreased mRNA expression of Mst1,YAP,and TAZ,the key factors of the Hippo signaling transduction pathway,was also observed(P=.002,P=.022,P<.001,respectively).In contrast,protein expression of Mst1(P=.046),pMst1(P=.026),and p YAP(P=.004)increased,while protein expression of YAP and TAZ decreased(P=.041,P<.001,respectively).Conclusion:HTSJ can effectively improve goiter in GD mice through the Hippo signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(MEST),Republic of Korea,No.2010-0007712
文摘In the present study, we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism on the morphology of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and Zucker lean control rats. To induce hypothyroidism, Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty rats at 7 weeks of age orally received the vehicle or methimazole, an anti-thyroid drug, treatment for 5 weeks and were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age in all groups for blood chemistry and immunohistochemical staining. In the me- thimazole-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty rats, the serum circulating triiodo- thyronine （T3） and thyroxine （＇I＂4） levels were significantly decreased compared to levels observed in the vehicle-treated Zucker lean control or Zucker diabetic fatty rats. This reduction was more prominent in the methimazole-treated Zucker diabetic fatty group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein im- munoreactive astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1）-immunoreactive microglia in the Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty group were diffusely detected in the hippocampal CA1 region and dentate gyrus. There were no significant differences in the glial fibril- lary acidic protein and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus between Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups. However, in the methimazole-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups, the processes of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreac- tive astrocytes and Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia, were significantly decreased in both the CA1 region and dentate gyrus compared to that in the vehicle-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups. These results suggest that diabetes has no effect on the morphology of as- trocytes and microglia and that hypothyroidism during the onset of diabetes prominently reduces the processes of astrocytes and microglia.
文摘Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans, and the most frequent cause of mental retardation. Patients affected by this syndrome show an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases. The most common of those is Hypothyroidism. We present a case report describing the association of Down syndrome with Hyperthyroidism. An 18-year-old patient presented with a history of recurrent throat infections and intermittent diarrhea, having developed a total alopecia areata within one month from the first visit to the physician. After consultations with general practitioners, he was directed to an Endocrinology Ambulatory and diagnosed with a clear case of Graves’ disease associated with Down syndrome. Treatment was started with methimazole 20 mg/day, and after two months, was adjusted to 40 mg/day. The patient reached adequate clinical and laboratory balance after five months of treatment. Thus, the association between Down syndrome and Graves’ Disease is relevant in medical practice, due to its specific characteristics on diagnosis, and the need of an adequate treatment regarding this disease association.
