CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals,which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra-broad potential windows to meet...CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals,which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra-broad potential windows to meet the industrial demands.Herein,the nanorod-like bimetallic ln_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)catalysts were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of bimetallic InBi-MOF precursors.The abundant oxygen vacancies generated from the lattice mismatch of Bi_(2)O_(3)and ln_(2)O_(3)reduced the activation energy of CO_(2)to*CO_(2)·^(-)and improved the selectivity of*CO_(2)·^(-)to formate simultaneously.Meanwhile,the carbon skeleton derived from the pyrolysis of organic framework of InBi-MOF provided a conductive network to accelerate the electrons transmission.The catalyst exhibited an ultra-broad applied potential window of 1200 mV(from-0.4 to-1.6 V vs RHE),relativistic high Faradaic efficiency of formate(99.92%)and satisfactory stability after 30 h.The in situ FT-IR experiment and DFT calculation verified that the abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts can easily absorb CO_(2)molecules,and oxygen vacancy path is dominant pathway.This work provides a convenient method to construct high-performance bimetallic catalysts for the industrial application of CO_(2)RR.展开更多
To understand the anisotropy dependence of the damage evolution and material removal during the machining process of MgF_(2) single crystals,nanoscratch tests of MgF_(2) single crystals with different crystal planes a...To understand the anisotropy dependence of the damage evolution and material removal during the machining process of MgF_(2) single crystals,nanoscratch tests of MgF_(2) single crystals with different crystal planes and directions were systematically performed,and surface morphologies of the scratched grooves under different conditions were analyzed.The experimental results indicated that anisotropy considerably affected the damage evolution in the machining process of MgF_(2) single crystals.A stress field model induced by the scratch was developed by considering the anisotropy,which indicated that during the loading process,median cracks induced by the tensile stress initiated and propagated at the front of the indenter.Lateral cracks induced by tensile stress initiated and propagated on the subsurface during the unloading process.In addition,surface radial cracks induced by the tensile stress were easily generated during the unloading process.The stress change led to the deflection of the propagation direction of lateral cracks.Therefore,the lateral cracks propagated to the workpiece surface,resulting in brittle removal in the form of chunk chips.The plastic deformation parameter indicated that the more the slip systems were activated,the more easily the plastic deformation occurred.The cleavage fracture parameter indicated that the cracks propagated along the activated cleavage planes,and the brittle chunk removal was owing to the subsurface cleavage cracks propagating to the crystal surface.Under the same processing parameters,the scratch of the(001)crystal plane along the[100]crystal-orientation was found to be the most conducive to achieving plastic machining of MgF_(2) single crystals.The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental results,which will not only enhance the understanding of the anisotropy dependence of the damage evolution and removal process during the machining of MgF_(2) crystals,but also provide a theoretical foundation for achieving the high-efficiency and low-damage processing of anisotropic single crystals.展开更多
给出了Windows XP SP2防火墙的使用方法及应用实例.研究分析了Windows XP SP2防火墙(ICF)技术,在不同的联网环境下对个人防火墙和ICF分别进行了接入、安装、设置、应用实验.结果证明:Windows XP SP2的防火墙技术几乎拥有了其它个人防火...给出了Windows XP SP2防火墙的使用方法及应用实例.研究分析了Windows XP SP2防火墙(ICF)技术,在不同的联网环境下对个人防火墙和ICF分别进行了接入、安装、设置、应用实验.结果证明:Windows XP SP2的防火墙技术几乎拥有了其它个人防火墙技术的优点,且占用系统资源少,对于网络攻击具有较高的防范功能,增强了个人计算机的网络安全性.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072409)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2020CXGC010403)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Project(No.ts201712020)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QE062)
文摘CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals,which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra-broad potential windows to meet the industrial demands.Herein,the nanorod-like bimetallic ln_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)catalysts were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of bimetallic InBi-MOF precursors.The abundant oxygen vacancies generated from the lattice mismatch of Bi_(2)O_(3)and ln_(2)O_(3)reduced the activation energy of CO_(2)to*CO_(2)·^(-)and improved the selectivity of*CO_(2)·^(-)to formate simultaneously.Meanwhile,the carbon skeleton derived from the pyrolysis of organic framework of InBi-MOF provided a conductive network to accelerate the electrons transmission.The catalyst exhibited an ultra-broad applied potential window of 1200 mV(from-0.4 to-1.6 V vs RHE),relativistic high Faradaic efficiency of formate(99.92%)and satisfactory stability after 30 h.The in situ FT-IR experiment and DFT calculation verified that the abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts can easily absorb CO_(2)molecules,and oxygen vacancy path is dominant pathway.This work provides a convenient method to construct high-performance bimetallic catalysts for the industrial application of CO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52005134&51975154)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022T150163, 2020M670901)+4 种基金Self-Planned Task (No. SKLRS202214B) of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund (LBH-Z20016)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (GJHZ20210705142804012)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRFCU5710051122)Open Fund of ZJUT Xinchang Research Institute
文摘To understand the anisotropy dependence of the damage evolution and material removal during the machining process of MgF_(2) single crystals,nanoscratch tests of MgF_(2) single crystals with different crystal planes and directions were systematically performed,and surface morphologies of the scratched grooves under different conditions were analyzed.The experimental results indicated that anisotropy considerably affected the damage evolution in the machining process of MgF_(2) single crystals.A stress field model induced by the scratch was developed by considering the anisotropy,which indicated that during the loading process,median cracks induced by the tensile stress initiated and propagated at the front of the indenter.Lateral cracks induced by tensile stress initiated and propagated on the subsurface during the unloading process.In addition,surface radial cracks induced by the tensile stress were easily generated during the unloading process.The stress change led to the deflection of the propagation direction of lateral cracks.Therefore,the lateral cracks propagated to the workpiece surface,resulting in brittle removal in the form of chunk chips.The plastic deformation parameter indicated that the more the slip systems were activated,the more easily the plastic deformation occurred.The cleavage fracture parameter indicated that the cracks propagated along the activated cleavage planes,and the brittle chunk removal was owing to the subsurface cleavage cracks propagating to the crystal surface.Under the same processing parameters,the scratch of the(001)crystal plane along the[100]crystal-orientation was found to be the most conducive to achieving plastic machining of MgF_(2) single crystals.The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental results,which will not only enhance the understanding of the anisotropy dependence of the damage evolution and removal process during the machining of MgF_(2) crystals,but also provide a theoretical foundation for achieving the high-efficiency and low-damage processing of anisotropic single crystals.
基金the financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1764254,51871166)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation,China(No.20JCYBJC00620)。
基金Project(61871389)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(22-ZZCX-007)supported by the Research Major Project of the National University of Defense Technology,China+3 种基金Project(1908085MF222)supported by the Anhui Province Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(AHL2021ZR04)supported by Foundation of the Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology,ChinaProject(SKL2022ZR10)supported by Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology,ChinaProject(JCVKY2023230C010)supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China。
文摘给出了Windows XP SP2防火墙的使用方法及应用实例.研究分析了Windows XP SP2防火墙(ICF)技术,在不同的联网环境下对个人防火墙和ICF分别进行了接入、安装、设置、应用实验.结果证明:Windows XP SP2的防火墙技术几乎拥有了其它个人防火墙技术的优点,且占用系统资源少,对于网络攻击具有较高的防范功能,增强了个人计算机的网络安全性.
