This study conducted a 16-week comparative experiment with 160 students from Jinan No.5 Middle School in Shandong Province as the experimental subjects.During the implementation of the experiment,the subjects were div...This study conducted a 16-week comparative experiment with 160 students from Jinan No.5 Middle School in Shandong Province as the experimental subjects.During the implementation of the experiment,the subjects were divided into two groups:an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group was subjected to physical exercise interventions using sports game teaching methods during physical education class,while the control group followed traditional physical education teaching methods.The results showed that the psychological health status of the students in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group after the experiment.The application of sports games helps to improve the psychological health of middle school students in the course of physical education,promoting a positive and forward direction in student psychology and is an effective means to enhance the psychological health level of middle school students.展开更多
In order to cultivate middle school students’English communicative competence,CLT has become an influential ap⁃proach.Some ways need to be adopted such as reform of teaching materials,transformation of English teach...In order to cultivate middle school students’English communicative competence,CLT has become an influential ap⁃proach.Some ways need to be adopted such as reform of teaching materials,transformation of English teachers’role and change of students’role and testing system.展开更多
This study collects 3896 errors made by junior middle students in Xining.Then they are classified into interlingual errors and intralingual errors and a macro-analysis is done to discover the possible causes behind th...This study collects 3896 errors made by junior middle students in Xining.Then they are classified into interlingual errors and intralingual errors and a macro-analysis is done to discover the possible causes behind these errors.This research comes to the following conclusions:First,a large number of the errors made by the students are intralingual errors rather than interlingual ones.Secondly,the students at elementary levels produce more interlingual errors than those at intermediate or advanced levels.Conversely,the students at intermediate or advanced levels produce more intralingual errors.Thirdly,errors can have more than one source.展开更多
Objective To analyze and evaluate the impact of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health education on students’ sexual knowledge,attitude and behavior.Methods A short term intervention was conducted among high sc...Objective To analyze and evaluate the impact of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health education on students’ sexual knowledge,attitude and behavior.Methods A short term intervention was conducted among high school students in two schools in Xixiang county,Shaanxi Province.The intervention was carried out in the forms of manual,video,discussion,consultation,and so on .The contents of intervention consisted of the knowledge about adolescent physiology,care,conception,STD/HIV, and so on. Results The results showed that students’ knowledge increased significantly(11.92±4.61 before intervention vs 19.81±4.8 after intervention, P =0.000).The sexual attitude and behavior changed insignificantly,especially the change of behavior.Conclusion The intervention is significantly effective in increasing knowledge,but less effective in the change of attitude and almost ineffective in the behavior change.展开更多
Programming teaching plays an important role in improving students’computational thinking and practice.However,due to the fact that programming has not been included in the entrance examination,the rate of having pro...Programming teaching plays an important role in improving students’computational thinking and practice.However,due to the fact that programming has not been included in the entrance examination,the rate of having programming lessons in primary and secondary schools is low.At present,there is still a lack of empirical research on how programming affects the performance of other subjects.This paper studies the influence of programming on students’mathematics achievement for the students of an experimental middle school.The results show that programming has a significant impact on students’math scores,and the students who had not learned code were more likely to show a significant decline in math scores.In addition,learning programming makes it easier for middle-grade students to improve their math scores.展开更多
This study is conducted with self-developed questionnaire on 910 middle school students,aimed at describing middle school students'academic subjective well-being and exploring its influential factors.Results show ...This study is conducted with self-developed questionnaire on 910 middle school students,aimed at describing middle school students'academic subjective well-being and exploring its influential factors.Results show that(1)Academic subjective well-being of middle school students is generally low and there exist differences in different schools and grades.Students from non-key middle schools have lower academic subjective well-being than those from the key schools.Grade 2 students in both junior and senior middle schools have the lowest academic subjective well-being.(2)Factors directly affecting middle school students'academic subjective well-being are academic experience and the present academic achievements,with the former playing a major role.(3)Factors indirectly influencing middle school students'academic subjective well-being are social pressure and expected academic achievements,both of which influence students'academic subjective well-being through students'academic experience or their present academic achievements.展开更多
This paper reports on an investigation conducted in thePearl River Delta Region of Guangdong Province.Theinvestigation was intended to collect data about middle schoolstudents’motivation for English learning,their vi...This paper reports on an investigation conducted in thePearl River Delta Region of Guangdong Province.Theinvestigation was intended to collect data about middle schoolstudents’motivation for English learning,their views on thedifficulty of learning the language,their learning methods andexpectations for teacher roles.In light of the investigationfindings,four points are summed up.First,there is a seriousloss of junior middle school students’interest in Englishlearning.In other words,the higher the grade,the fewer thestudents interested in learning the language.Second,Englishgrammar is a universal problem for most students.However,they tend to have different difficulties at different learningstages.Third,most junior middle school students are well awareof their own responsibilities for successful learning,but they donot necessarily know how to learn effectively.Finally,juniormiddle school students stress teacher roles not only as instructorbut as helper,and have made great demands on the teacher’steaching methods.展开更多
In recent years, as China’s reform policies continue to progress, more and more foreigners are working in China. Their school-age children attend local schools. The following pictures show the life of some foreign mi...In recent years, as China’s reform policies continue to progress, more and more foreigners are working in China. Their school-age children attend local schools. The following pictures show the life of some foreign middle school students in Beijing.展开更多
Introduction Why listening is neglected in senior middle school English classes It is well known that there are four basic language skills, none of which should be neglected. Unfortunately, teachers of English in midd...Introduction Why listening is neglected in senior middle school English classes It is well known that there are four basic language skills, none of which should be neglected. Unfortunately, teachers of English in middle schools usually pay little attention to listening for a number of reasons. One is that they think listening is less important for Chinese students compared with other skills. According to the National Syllabus, more attention should be paid to reading, which is the chief component of the College Entrance exam. Another reason is that teachers complain that they do not have enough materials or machines for improving listening. Furthermore, they lack confidence in their ability to construct listening activities.展开更多
A successful English class often gives people the enjoyment of beauty, which mostly depends on a good start, namely warming up. If used properly, that can attract students' attention successfully, mobilize the ent...A successful English class often gives people the enjoyment of beauty, which mostly depends on a good start, namely warming up. If used properly, that can attract students' attention successfully, mobilize the enthusiasm of students greatly, and activate the atmosphere of class strongly. With requirements of new curriculum standard, English learning and teaching becomes pretty crucial for students and teachers. Warming up, it is a prelude to a class, which is equivalent to leading-in and starts with an English lesson within five minutes. The author hopes the result of this research about teaching methods analysis on Comparative Degree"warming up"which can offer some advice for English teachers in middle schools.展开更多
This research collects 3896 errors made by 965 Chinese students in 5 junior middle schools in Xining and then a detailed analysis is made to discover the possible causes behind these errors.This research comes to the ...This research collects 3896 errors made by 965 Chinese students in 5 junior middle schools in Xining and then a detailed analysis is made to discover the possible causes behind these errors.This research comes to the following conclusions:first,during the course of English learning in junior middle school,the students make errors mainly in six specific areas:spelling,tenses,pronouns,verb“be”,articles,and numbers;second,the learners at an elementary level produce more interlingual errors than the learners at an advanced level.Third,error fossilization is serious.展开更多
Little is known on the association between movement behaviors including physical activity(PA),screen time(ST)and sleep(SLP)with depression in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the associations of PA,ST and SLP w...Little is known on the association between movement behaviors including physical activity(PA),screen time(ST)and sleep(SLP)with depression in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms in adolescents.A total of 1,331 middle school students participated in this survey and provided valid data pertaining to the study variables.Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information on participants’sociodemographic parameters.The Health Behavior in School-aged Children Questionnaire was used to assess the PA(days for moderate to vigorous PA),ST(daily hours of ST)and SLP(daily hours of SLP).Study participants’depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory.Generalized linear models were used to estimate the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms.Of all the 1331 study participants,boys accounted for 51.31%and percentage of 7th,8th and 9th graders were 52.44%,23.22%and 24.34%,respectively.After controlling for sex,body mass index,grade,ethnicity,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father and mother educational level,only ST was positively associated with depressive symptoms(beta=0.17,p=0.005).This study suggests that excessive ST would be detrimental to depressive symptoms in adolescents.It may be effective to reduce ST for depression intervention or prevention.Future studies are encouraged to use an improved study design to confirm or negate this study’s researchfindings.展开更多
Purpose:Screen-based sedentary behavior(SSB)has been identified as risk factor for mental disorders in most of adolescents.However,there is little literature pertaining to the specific kinds of SSB and its connections w...Purpose:Screen-based sedentary behavior(SSB)has been identified as risk factor for mental disorders in most of adolescents.However,there is little literature pertaining to the specific kinds of SSB and its connections with depressive symptoms in most of adolescents.In the present study,we are going tofind out the connections between specific types of SSB and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional data based on 996 study participants of middle school students in Guangdong Province.SSB was evaluated by distri-buting the questionnaire of Health Behavior in School-aged Children,while depressive symptoms were evaluated using Chinese version of Children’s Depressive symptoms Inventory(CDI).SSB was categorized into TV/movie time,video games time and other electronic devices-based time(e.g.,mobile phone,computer use).Generalized linear models was used to explore the connections between specific kinds of SSB and depressive symptoms.Results:After controlling for variables of sex,ethnicity,grade,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father educational level,mother educational background,body mass index(BMI),physical exercise,duration of sleep,other electronic devices-based time was positively correlated with depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents(B=0.557%,95%CI:0.187–0.926,p=0.003).This significant connection was also found in girls(B=0.728%,95%CI:0.230–1.225,p=0.004)instead of boys(p>0.05).The other types of SSB were not signifi-cantly in relation to depressive symptoms in adolescents regardless of sex.Conclusion:This study suggested that it might be effective in reducing or preventing depressive symptoms through limiting electronic devices-based time,like computer use or mobile phone use time.This strategy would be particularly useful in girls.Future stu-dies should negate or replicate the research results by introducing more improved study design,which is beneficial to better understand the connections between SSB and depressive symptoms as well as then design more efficient interventions in adolescents.展开更多
This is a lesson integrated with multiple approaches in geometry classroom to deepen middle school students’understanding of geometry and spatial sense in the topic of sums of interior angles in polygons.In three act...This is a lesson integrated with multiple approaches in geometry classroom to deepen middle school students’understanding of geometry and spatial sense in the topic of sums of interior angles in polygons.In three activities,teachers lead students to explore the pattern of interior angles throughout folding paper Origami,constructing animated polygons in Geometer’s Sketchpad,and establishing proof with Parallel Line Theorem.The lesson plan is developed with detailed procedures and prompting questions.The goal of the lesson is to identify the pattern of interior angles in polygons and to analyze the relationship among polygons in the setting of 25 to 30 middle school students.展开更多
This study mainly discusses the junior high school oral English anxiety, analyzes the main causes of oral English anxiety,and puts forward measures to reduce anxiety.
Purpose:Physical activity is a well-recognized protective factor against depression in adolescents.As a compo-nent of physical activity,muscle strengthening exercise(MSE)is also viewed as a correlate associated with l...Purpose:Physical activity is a well-recognized protective factor against depression in adolescents.As a compo-nent of physical activity,muscle strengthening exercise(MSE)is also viewed as a correlate associated with lower risks of depression in adults.However,little is known about the association in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the association between MSE and depression in a sample of Chinese adolescents.Method:A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection including variables of MSE,depression(assessed by Children’s Depres-sion Inventory)and selected sociodemographic factors(e.g.,sex,grade,height and weight[for body mass index]).Generalized Linear Models was utilized to estimate the association between MSE and depression.Results:Results showed a negative association between MSE and depression(Beta=–0.66;both MSE and depression were treated as continuous variables).When treating MSE(meeting or not meeting the recommendations)and depression as binary variables,odds ratio for depression in adolescents not meeting the MSE recommendation was significant higher(odd ratio=1.50,95%CI:1.15–1.96)than those meeting the MSE recommendations.Conclusions:This study found that MSE may be a protective factor against MSE in adolescents.Future studies are encouraged to confirm or negate our studyfinding using improved study design.展开更多
Extensive research has suggested that there is a large rural-urban student achievement gap in China.However,less is known about the effects of family background and parental expectations on student achievement.Using a...Extensive research has suggested that there is a large rural-urban student achievement gap in China.However,less is known about the effects of family background and parental expectations on student achievement.Using a large representative sample of Chinese eighth graders,this study examines these relationships.We find that:(1)Rather than a rural/urban hukou(household registration system)type,it is variation in family background,especially family socioeconomic status(SES),which plays a significant role in student achievement;(2)although factors of family background show different patterns of influence on Chinese,mathematics,and English achievement,maternal education and home educational resources are significantly positive predictors consistently across three subjects;(3)parental expectations are significantly and positively associated with Chinese,mathematics,and English achievement.展开更多
文摘This study conducted a 16-week comparative experiment with 160 students from Jinan No.5 Middle School in Shandong Province as the experimental subjects.During the implementation of the experiment,the subjects were divided into two groups:an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group was subjected to physical exercise interventions using sports game teaching methods during physical education class,while the control group followed traditional physical education teaching methods.The results showed that the psychological health status of the students in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group after the experiment.The application of sports games helps to improve the psychological health of middle school students in the course of physical education,promoting a positive and forward direction in student psychology and is an effective means to enhance the psychological health level of middle school students.
文摘In order to cultivate middle school students’English communicative competence,CLT has become an influential ap⁃proach.Some ways need to be adopted such as reform of teaching materials,transformation of English teachers’role and change of students’role and testing system.
文摘This study collects 3896 errors made by junior middle students in Xining.Then they are classified into interlingual errors and intralingual errors and a macro-analysis is done to discover the possible causes behind these errors.This research comes to the following conclusions:First,a large number of the errors made by the students are intralingual errors rather than interlingual ones.Secondly,the students at elementary levels produce more interlingual errors than those at intermediate or advanced levels.Conversely,the students at intermediate or advanced levels produce more intralingual errors.Thirdly,errors can have more than one source.
基金theMinistryofChinesePublicHealthandUNFPA(No .99 z 0 7)
文摘Objective To analyze and evaluate the impact of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health education on students’ sexual knowledge,attitude and behavior.Methods A short term intervention was conducted among high school students in two schools in Xixiang county,Shaanxi Province.The intervention was carried out in the forms of manual,video,discussion,consultation,and so on .The contents of intervention consisted of the knowledge about adolescent physiology,care,conception,STD/HIV, and so on. Results The results showed that students’ knowledge increased significantly(11.92±4.61 before intervention vs 19.81±4.8 after intervention, P =0.000).The sexual attitude and behavior changed insignificantly,especially the change of behavior.Conclusion The intervention is significantly effective in increasing knowledge,but less effective in the change of attitude and almost ineffective in the behavior change.
基金This work was supported in part by the Sichuan Electronic Information Education Center Education Center under Grant[2019]147.
文摘Programming teaching plays an important role in improving students’computational thinking and practice.However,due to the fact that programming has not been included in the entrance examination,the rate of having programming lessons in primary and secondary schools is low.At present,there is still a lack of empirical research on how programming affects the performance of other subjects.This paper studies the influence of programming on students’mathematics achievement for the students of an experimental middle school.The results show that programming has a significant impact on students’math scores,and the students who had not learned code were more likely to show a significant decline in math scores.In addition,learning programming makes it easier for middle-grade students to improve their math scores.
文摘This study is conducted with self-developed questionnaire on 910 middle school students,aimed at describing middle school students'academic subjective well-being and exploring its influential factors.Results show that(1)Academic subjective well-being of middle school students is generally low and there exist differences in different schools and grades.Students from non-key middle schools have lower academic subjective well-being than those from the key schools.Grade 2 students in both junior and senior middle schools have the lowest academic subjective well-being.(2)Factors directly affecting middle school students'academic subjective well-being are academic experience and the present academic achievements,with the former playing a major role.(3)Factors indirectly influencing middle school students'academic subjective well-being are social pressure and expected academic achievements,both of which influence students'academic subjective well-being through students'academic experience or their present academic achievements.
文摘This paper reports on an investigation conducted in thePearl River Delta Region of Guangdong Province.Theinvestigation was intended to collect data about middle schoolstudents’motivation for English learning,their views on thedifficulty of learning the language,their learning methods andexpectations for teacher roles.In light of the investigationfindings,four points are summed up.First,there is a seriousloss of junior middle school students’interest in Englishlearning.In other words,the higher the grade,the fewer thestudents interested in learning the language.Second,Englishgrammar is a universal problem for most students.However,they tend to have different difficulties at different learningstages.Third,most junior middle school students are well awareof their own responsibilities for successful learning,but they donot necessarily know how to learn effectively.Finally,juniormiddle school students stress teacher roles not only as instructorbut as helper,and have made great demands on the teacher’steaching methods.
文摘In recent years, as China’s reform policies continue to progress, more and more foreigners are working in China. Their school-age children attend local schools. The following pictures show the life of some foreign middle school students in Beijing.
文摘Introduction Why listening is neglected in senior middle school English classes It is well known that there are four basic language skills, none of which should be neglected. Unfortunately, teachers of English in middle schools usually pay little attention to listening for a number of reasons. One is that they think listening is less important for Chinese students compared with other skills. According to the National Syllabus, more attention should be paid to reading, which is the chief component of the College Entrance exam. Another reason is that teachers complain that they do not have enough materials or machines for improving listening. Furthermore, they lack confidence in their ability to construct listening activities.
文摘A successful English class often gives people the enjoyment of beauty, which mostly depends on a good start, namely warming up. If used properly, that can attract students' attention successfully, mobilize the enthusiasm of students greatly, and activate the atmosphere of class strongly. With requirements of new curriculum standard, English learning and teaching becomes pretty crucial for students and teachers. Warming up, it is a prelude to a class, which is equivalent to leading-in and starts with an English lesson within five minutes. The author hopes the result of this research about teaching methods analysis on Comparative Degree"warming up"which can offer some advice for English teachers in middle schools.
文摘This research collects 3896 errors made by 965 Chinese students in 5 junior middle schools in Xining and then a detailed analysis is made to discover the possible causes behind these errors.This research comes to the following conclusions:first,during the course of English learning in junior middle school,the students make errors mainly in six specific areas:spelling,tenses,pronouns,verb“be”,articles,and numbers;second,the learners at an elementary level produce more interlingual errors than the learners at an advanced level.Third,error fossilization is serious.
文摘Little is known on the association between movement behaviors including physical activity(PA),screen time(ST)and sleep(SLP)with depression in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms in adolescents.A total of 1,331 middle school students participated in this survey and provided valid data pertaining to the study variables.Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information on participants’sociodemographic parameters.The Health Behavior in School-aged Children Questionnaire was used to assess the PA(days for moderate to vigorous PA),ST(daily hours of ST)and SLP(daily hours of SLP).Study participants’depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory.Generalized linear models were used to estimate the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms.Of all the 1331 study participants,boys accounted for 51.31%and percentage of 7th,8th and 9th graders were 52.44%,23.22%and 24.34%,respectively.After controlling for sex,body mass index,grade,ethnicity,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father and mother educational level,only ST was positively associated with depressive symptoms(beta=0.17,p=0.005).This study suggests that excessive ST would be detrimental to depressive symptoms in adolescents.It may be effective to reduce ST for depression intervention or prevention.Future studies are encouraged to use an improved study design to confirm or negate this study’s researchfindings.
文摘Purpose:Screen-based sedentary behavior(SSB)has been identified as risk factor for mental disorders in most of adolescents.However,there is little literature pertaining to the specific kinds of SSB and its connections with depressive symptoms in most of adolescents.In the present study,we are going tofind out the connections between specific types of SSB and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional data based on 996 study participants of middle school students in Guangdong Province.SSB was evaluated by distri-buting the questionnaire of Health Behavior in School-aged Children,while depressive symptoms were evaluated using Chinese version of Children’s Depressive symptoms Inventory(CDI).SSB was categorized into TV/movie time,video games time and other electronic devices-based time(e.g.,mobile phone,computer use).Generalized linear models was used to explore the connections between specific kinds of SSB and depressive symptoms.Results:After controlling for variables of sex,ethnicity,grade,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father educational level,mother educational background,body mass index(BMI),physical exercise,duration of sleep,other electronic devices-based time was positively correlated with depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents(B=0.557%,95%CI:0.187–0.926,p=0.003).This significant connection was also found in girls(B=0.728%,95%CI:0.230–1.225,p=0.004)instead of boys(p>0.05).The other types of SSB were not signifi-cantly in relation to depressive symptoms in adolescents regardless of sex.Conclusion:This study suggested that it might be effective in reducing or preventing depressive symptoms through limiting electronic devices-based time,like computer use or mobile phone use time.This strategy would be particularly useful in girls.Future stu-dies should negate or replicate the research results by introducing more improved study design,which is beneficial to better understand the connections between SSB and depressive symptoms as well as then design more efficient interventions in adolescents.
文摘This is a lesson integrated with multiple approaches in geometry classroom to deepen middle school students’understanding of geometry and spatial sense in the topic of sums of interior angles in polygons.In three activities,teachers lead students to explore the pattern of interior angles throughout folding paper Origami,constructing animated polygons in Geometer’s Sketchpad,and establishing proof with Parallel Line Theorem.The lesson plan is developed with detailed procedures and prompting questions.The goal of the lesson is to identify the pattern of interior angles in polygons and to analyze the relationship among polygons in the setting of 25 to 30 middle school students.
文摘This study mainly discusses the junior high school oral English anxiety, analyzes the main causes of oral English anxiety,and puts forward measures to reduce anxiety.
文摘Purpose:Physical activity is a well-recognized protective factor against depression in adolescents.As a compo-nent of physical activity,muscle strengthening exercise(MSE)is also viewed as a correlate associated with lower risks of depression in adults.However,little is known about the association in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the association between MSE and depression in a sample of Chinese adolescents.Method:A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection including variables of MSE,depression(assessed by Children’s Depres-sion Inventory)and selected sociodemographic factors(e.g.,sex,grade,height and weight[for body mass index]).Generalized Linear Models was utilized to estimate the association between MSE and depression.Results:Results showed a negative association between MSE and depression(Beta=–0.66;both MSE and depression were treated as continuous variables).When treating MSE(meeting or not meeting the recommendations)and depression as binary variables,odds ratio for depression in adolescents not meeting the MSE recommendation was significant higher(odd ratio=1.50,95%CI:1.15–1.96)than those meeting the MSE recommendations.Conclusions:This study found that MSE may be a protective factor against MSE in adolescents.Future studies are encouraged to confirm or negate our studyfinding using improved study design.
文摘Extensive research has suggested that there is a large rural-urban student achievement gap in China.However,less is known about the effects of family background and parental expectations on student achievement.Using a large representative sample of Chinese eighth graders,this study examines these relationships.We find that:(1)Rather than a rural/urban hukou(household registration system)type,it is variation in family background,especially family socioeconomic status(SES),which plays a significant role in student achievement;(2)although factors of family background show different patterns of influence on Chinese,mathematics,and English achievement,maternal education and home educational resources are significantly positive predictors consistently across three subjects;(3)parental expectations are significantly and positively associated with Chinese,mathematics,and English achievement.
