Tunable Airy beams with controllable propagation trajectories have sparked interest in various fields,such as optical manipulation and laser fabrication.Existing research approaches encounter challenges related to ins...Tunable Airy beams with controllable propagation trajectories have sparked interest in various fields,such as optical manipulation and laser fabrication.Existing research approaches encounter challenges related to insufficient compactness and integration feasibility,or they require enhanced tunability to enable real-time dynamic manipulation of the propagation trajectory.In this work,we present a novel method that utilizes a dual metasurface system to surpass these limitations,significantly enhancing the practical potential of the Airy beam.Our approach involves encoding a cubic phase profile and two off-axis Fresnel lens phase profiles across the two metasurfaces.The validity of the proposed strategy has been confirmed through simulation and experimental results.The proposed meta-device addresses the existing limitations and lays the foundation for broadening the applicability of Airy beams across diverse domains,encompassing light-sheet microscopy,laser fabrication,optical tweezers,etc.展开更多
The automation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pharmaceuticals has driven the development of process analysis from offline to online.Most of common online process analytical technologies are based on spectroscopy,...The automation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pharmaceuticals has driven the development of process analysis from offline to online.Most of common online process analytical technologies are based on spectroscopy,making the identification and quantification of specific ingredients still a challenge.Herein,we developed a quality control(QC)system for monitoring TCM pharmaceuticals based on paper spray ionization miniature mass spectrometry(mini-MS).It enabled real-time online qualitative and quantitative detection of target ingredients in herbal extracts using mini-MS without chromatographic separation for the first time.Dynamic changes of alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)during decoction were used as examples,and the scientific principle of Fuzi compatibility was also investigated.Finally,the system was verified to work stably at the hourly level for pilot-scale extraction.This mini-MS based online analytical system is expected to be further developed for QC applications in a wider range of pharmaceutical processes.展开更多
Background:Hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites have been found to be potential genetic markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,SNPs related to T2DM in minipigs have been less reported.This s...Background:Hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites have been found to be potential genetic markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,SNPs related to T2DM in minipigs have been less reported.This study aimed to screen the T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP loci in Bama minipigs so as to improve the success rate of the minipig T2DM model.Methods:The genomic DNAs of three Bama minipigs with T2DM,six sibling lowsusceptibility minipigs with T2DM,and three normal control minipigs were compared by whole-genome sequencing.The T2DM Bama minipig-specific loci were obtained,and their functions were annotated.Meanwhile,the Biomart software was used to perform homology alignment with T2DM-related loci obtained from the human genome-wide association study to screen candidate SNP markers for T2DM in Bama miniature pigs.Results:Whole-genome resequencing detected 6960 specific loci in the minipigs with T2DM,and 13 loci corresponding to 9 diabetes-related genes were selected.Further,a set of 122 specific loci in 69 orthologous genes of human T2DM candidate genes were obtained in the pigs.Collectively,a batch of T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP markers in Bama minipigs,covering 16 genes and 135 loci,was established.Conclusions:Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of the orthologous genes in pigs that corresponded to the human T2DM-related variant loci successfully screened out T2DM-susceptible candidate markers in Bama miniature pigs.Using these loci to predict the susceptibility of the pigs before constructing an animal model of T2DM may help to establish an ideal animal model.展开更多
Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize.Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene,nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5),which controls small kernel phenotype by p...Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize.Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene,nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5),which controls small kernel phenotype by playing an important role in kernel development.A novel recessive small kernel mutant miniature2-m1(mn2-m1)was isolated from self-pollinated progenies of breeding materials.The mutant spontaneously showed small kernel character arresting both embryo and endosperm development at an early stage after pollination.Utilizing 21 polymorphic SSR markers,the mn2-m1 locus was limited to a 209.9-kb interval using 9176 recessive individuals of a BC1 segregating population from mn2-m1/B73.Only one annotated gene was located in this 209.9 kb region,Zm00001 d019294,which was predicted to encode nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5).Allelism tests confirmed that mn2-m1 was allelic to miniature2-m2(mn2-m2)and miniature2-710 B(mn2-710 B).The mn2-m1 and mn2-m2 alleles both had nucleotide deletions in the coding region resulting in premature termination,and the mn2-710 B allele had some missence mutations.Subcellular localization showed that Miniature 2(MN2)is localized in the plasma membrane.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that the expression of MN2 and some genes involved in the basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL)and embryo surrounding region(ESR)development were affected in mn2-m1 seeds.These results suggested that MN2 plays an important role in maize seed development.展开更多
Objective:To report the outcomes and complications of open dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty with miniature incision in treating children’s ureteropelvic junction obstruction.Methods:Between March 2007 and April...Objective:To report the outcomes and complications of open dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty with miniature incision in treating children’s ureteropelvic junction obstruction.Methods:Between March 2007 and April 2011,109 children with a mean age of 2 years and 8 months old with ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent open dismembered pyeloplasty.Clinical manifestations,radiographic assessments,incision size,surgery time,hospital stay,and complication rate were recorded.All patients had a documented ureteropelvic junction obstruction(having T1/2 more than 20 min in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid[DTPA]scan)with symptomatic stenosis or decreased kidney function(differential function<40%).Pyeloplasty was done by a retroperitoneal flank approach with miniature incision without pelvis reduction.One surgeon did all the surgeries.Success rate and complications were assessed in a 3-year follow-up.Results:Mean surgery time was 52 min(47e60 min).Incision size was 18e28 mm.Mean hospital stay was 3 days(2e8 days).The surgery was successful in 98.2%of patients with a mean follow-up time of 36 months(success was defined as disappearance of symptoms,if present,with improved ultrasound imaging results or Reno graphic parameters).The complication rate was 7.33%,including urinary leakage,double-J urethral stent dislocation and infection.Conclusion:Open dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe,technically feasible and effective therapy in treatment of children’s ureteropelvic junction obstruction.It takes a short time to do,requires a small incision and has few complications and a short recovery period.展开更多
Following the current rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT)and wireless condition monitoring systems,energy harvesters which use ambient energy have become a key part of achieving an energy-autonomous syste...Following the current rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT)and wireless condition monitoring systems,energy harvesters which use ambient energy have become a key part of achieving an energy-autonomous system.Miniature wind energy harvesters have attracted widespread attention because of their great potential of power density as well as the rich availability of wind energy in many possible areas of application.This article provides readers with a glimpse into the state-of-the-art of miniature wind energy harvesters.The crucial factors for them to achieve high working efficiency under lower operational wind speed excitation are analyzed.Various potential energy coupling mechanisms are discussed in detail.Design approaches for broadening operational wind-speed-range given a variety of energy coupling mechanisms are also presented,as observed in the literature.Performance enhancement mechanisms including hydrodynamic configuration optimization,and non-linear vibration pick-up structure are reviewed.Conclusions are drawn and the outlook for each coupling mechanisms is presented.展开更多
The miniature design technology is an important trend in space exploration.Mass spectrometer is used extensively in the space environment detection.The miniature ion mass spectrometer utilizes a 127° cylindrical ...The miniature design technology is an important trend in space exploration.Mass spectrometer is used extensively in the space environment detection.The miniature ion mass spectrometer utilizes a 127° cylindrical electrostatic analyzer accompanied with a Time of Flight(TOF)unit based on ultrathin carbon foil to measure the energy spectra and composition of space plasma.The Time of Flight technique has been used broadly in space plasma measurement.A new type of miniature method for the ion mass spectrometer is introduced.The total mass of the instrument is1.8 kg and the total power consumption is 2.0 W.The calibration results show that the energy measurement range is 8.71~43550eV,the energy resolution is 1.86%and the ion mass from 1 amu(1 amu= 1.67 × 10^(-27)kg) to 58 amu can be resolved by the miniature mass spectrometer.The miniature ion mass spectrometer also has a potential to be increased in the field of view by an electrostatic deflecting system to extend its application in space plasma detection.The miniature ion mass spectrometer has been selected for pre-study of Chinese Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science.展开更多
Objective:To report vestibular evoked myogenic potentials from different recording sites(neck extensor or masseter muscles) in miniature pigs and rats.Methods:Potentials were recorded using 1000 Hz tone bursts from th...Objective:To report vestibular evoked myogenic potentials from different recording sites(neck extensor or masseter muscles) in miniature pigs and rats.Methods:Potentials were recorded using 1000 Hz tone bursts from the neck extensor muscle or masseter muscle in normal adult Bama miniature pigs and rats anesthetized with 3%pentobarbital sodium and Sumianxin Ⅱ.Results:At 80 dB SPL,the first positive wave(P wave) of VEMPs was recognizable in 58%of rats with a latency of 6.45±0.23 ms and an amplitude of 1.45±0.49 μV when recorded from the neck extensor muscle,and in 50%of rats with a latency of 6.38±0.34 ms and an amplitude of 1.57±0.35 μV when recorded from the masseter muscle.In miniature pigs,at the same stimulus intensity,P wave was recognizable in 58%of the animals with a latency of 7.65±0.64 ms and an amplitude of 1.66±0.34 μV when recorded from the neck extensor muscle,and in 50%of the animals with a latency of 7.65±0.64 ms and an amplitude of 0.31±0.28 μV when recorded from the masseter muscle.Conclusion:VEMP can be induced from both neck extensor and masseter muscles in the miniature pig and rat.For a given species,the site of recording affects P wave induction rate and amplitude but not latency.Consistency and repeatability analysis suggests that the masseter muscle is a better recording site in miniature pigs while the cervical extensor is a better recording site in rats.For a given recording site,both latency and amplitude of the P wave are slightly greater in miniature pigs than in rats.展开更多
Because of the size limitation of weld joints in different regions, the traditional standard bar specimen is not suitable to investigate the mechanical properties of weld joints. In this study, miniature specimens wer...Because of the size limitation of weld joints in different regions, the traditional standard bar specimen is not suitable to investigate the mechanical properties of weld joints. In this study, miniature specimens were extracted from specific regions(base metal, weld metal, and three heat-affected zones) of API X80 and X70 weld joints. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of different regions, and then uniaxial ratcheting tests were conducted to investigate the ratcheting behaviors of the different regions under the same peak and nominal stresses. Under both the tensile tests and ratcheting tests, the weld joints exhibit heterogeneous results, such as different mechanical properties and ratcheting behaviors, which were region dependent. Furthermore, the yield strength and yield-to-tensile strength ratio contribute differently to the ratcheting response.展开更多
Objective To investigate the suitability of miniature pigs as an animal model for otological research.Methods Microdissection of the temporal bone was performed on 10 miniature pigs and recorded on photographs. Result...Objective To investigate the suitability of miniature pigs as an animal model for otological research.Methods Microdissection of the temporal bone was performed on 10 miniature pigs and recorded on photographs. Results The morphology and measurement of the external, middle and inner ear and the lateral recess of the miniature pigs were obtained by microdissection. Conclusion Compared to traditional animal models, the miniature pig may be a better model for biomedical research because of its many similarities in physiological functions with humans. The Similarities of the temporal bone structures, including the external, middle and inner ear and the lateral recess, between the miniature pig and human make the animal a potentially useful model for otological research.展开更多
Considering two characteristics of compact heat dissipation room and high heat flux, a novel miniature capillary pumped loop (MCPL) for electronics cooling was proposed. MCPL consists of evaporator, condenser, vapor a...Considering two characteristics of compact heat dissipation room and high heat flux, a novel miniature capillary pumped loop (MCPL) for electronics cooling was proposed. MCPL consists of evaporator, condenser, vapor and liquid line dissipates heat by boiling and condensation of working fluids with no extra power consumption. Working fluid circulation is ensured by vapor pressure and capillary head. Saturated wick screens vapor and liquid, and ensures one-way flow of working fluid with no extra valve. In order to promote heat dissipation capacity of MCPL, the intensified boiling and condensation structures are embedded into evaporator and condenser respectively, which are useful to increasing boiling and condensation efficiency. Startup and run characteristics are tested by experiments in the condition of different power inputs and working fluids. MCPL is capable of dissipating 80 W of thermal energy and keeping the bottom substrate temperature of evaporator at 80 ℃.展开更多
Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) were grown at 100 and 150 μmol m-2·s-1 photon flux densities (PFD) with 16, 20 and 24 h·day-1 lighting periods (LP) in a greenhouse compartment in midwinter at latitude 59° n...Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) were grown at 100 and 150 μmol m-2·s-1 photon flux densities (PFD) with 16, 20 and 24 h·day-1 lighting periods (LP) in a greenhouse compartment in midwinter at latitude 59° north. The study included 10 different treatments and six rose cultivars, altogether 900 plants. The 16 and 20 h LP were applied with or without a dark period of 8 and 4 h·day-1, respectively, by timing the LP in relation to daylight that lasted for 7 - 8 h. Number of days until flowering decreased with an increase in PFD and in LP up to 24 day-1 and was unaffected by the timing of the 16 and 20 h·day-1 LP. Number of flowers and plant dry weight increased 20% to 30% by increasing the PFD. Plant dry weight increased by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 (about 25%), but no effect was found with a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Mean growth rate until flowering increased 30% to 40% by increasing the PFD or by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h day-1, while little effect was found by a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Increasing the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 increased the growth rate more than increasing the PFD did. Three of the cultivars were tested for water loss after the detachment of some leaves. Leaves that had developed without a dark period showed a considerably higher water loss than the treatments that included a dark period of 4 or 8 h·day-1. The keeping quality at indoor conditions, however, was unaffected by the treatment due to sufficient watering. Powdery mildew developed significantly more on plants grown with a dark period of 8 h as compared with the other treatments. It was concluded that 20 h·day-1 LP including a dark period of 4 h·day-1 and a PFD of at least 150 μmol·m-2·s-1 should be applied to miniature roses during the winter months in order to effectively produce miniature pot roses with a high quality.展开更多
Miniature flares containing magnesium/sodium nitrate compounded with different binders were studied for increasing luminosity and luminous efficiency in various fuel oxidizer ratio and flare diameters.Unsaturated poly...Miniature flares containing magnesium/sodium nitrate compounded with different binders were studied for increasing luminosity and luminous efficiency in various fuel oxidizer ratio and flare diameters.Unsaturated polyester, Bisphenol-A epoxy resin, calcium resinate, and nitrocellulose were used as binders for construction the flares. Experimental results showed that luminous efficiency was higher for polyester based flares. Due to the difference in decomposition progress of various binders and the exothermic reaction between binder and oxidizer the luminous efficiency of the mixtures were 31000,28900, 27800 and 25100 cd respectively for polyester, epoxy, calcium resinate, and nitrocellulose. It was found that nitrocellulose as an energetic binder produces the highest light intensity in comparison to other binders, but the burning rate is higher and the burning time is lower than the other binders.Thermal analysis of four binders showed that the heat of reactions was directly related to the amount of light output and luminosity.展开更多
Objective: To report detection of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) in the miniature pig.Methods: Potentials evoked by 1000 Hz tone bursts were recorded from neck extensor muscles and the masseter muscles i...Objective: To report detection of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) in the miniature pig.Methods: Potentials evoked by 1000 Hz tone bursts were recorded from neck extensor muscles and the masseter muscles in normal adult Bama miniature pigs anesthetized with 3% pentobarbital sodium and Carbachol II.Results: The latency of the first positive wave P from neck extensor muscles was 7.65 ± 0.64 ms, with an amplitude of 1.66 ± 0.34 uv and a rate of successful induction of 75% at 80 d B SPL. The latency of potentials evoked from the masseter muscles was 7.60 ± 0.78 ms, with an amplitude of 1.31 ± 0.28 uv and a rate successful induction of 66% at 80 d B SPL.Conclusion: The latencies and thresholds of VEMPs recorded from the neck extensor muscle and the masseter muscle appear to be comparable in normal adult Bama miniature pigs, although the amplitude recorded from the neck extensor muscle seems to be higher than that from the masseter muscle. However, because of their usually relatively superficial and easily accessible location, as well as their large volume and strong contractions, masseter muscles may be better target muscles for recording myogenic potentials.展开更多
A new kind of ndniature conductance cell with thick electrodes was made, which has high resolution, high sensitivity, but no dead volume. A set of capillary electrophoresis device with on-column conductivity detector ...A new kind of ndniature conductance cell with thick electrodes was made, which has high resolution, high sensitivity, but no dead volume. A set of capillary electrophoresis device with on-column conductivity detector was assembled. In order to test the performance of this kind of ndni-cell, different kinds of Anni-cells were used to detect Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+and Mg2+ ions.展开更多
The synthetic oil has been extensively used in the miniature bearing thanks to its good low-temperature fluidity. However, most of commercial synthetic oils cannot meet the requirements for operating at ultra-low temp...The synthetic oil has been extensively used in the miniature bearing thanks to its good low-temperature fluidity. However, most of commercial synthetic oils cannot meet the requirements for operating at ultra-low temperature, demanding that the lubricating oil should flow below -60℃ with its ISO VG being greater than 10 mm^2/s. In this paper, the relationships between the structures of the ester, polyether, and silicone oils, and low temperature fluidity were investigated. The results showed that the low-temperature fluidity of oil having a shorter molecular chain length and a smaller molecular weight became better. Moreover, except the silicone oil, other synthetic oil cannot reach the requirements for working at ultra-low temperature. Silicone oil has good low-temperature properties, but it has poor lubricating properties in an environment where steel is sliding against steel. Then based on the analytical results, a new type of non-Newtonian oil was developed. The test results showed that the fluidity of the newly developed oil at below -60℃ is much better than that of the commercial 4123, 4129 ester type aviation lubricants. In addition, it has good lubricating performance, which is much better than that of the silicone oil. The non-Newtonian oil demonstrates a promising prospect for application in miniature bearings operating at low load and ultra-low temperature.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimum cutting parameters to achieve the dimensional accuracy of Nimonic alloy miniature gear manufactured using Wire EDM.The cutting parameters investigated in this stud...The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimum cutting parameters to achieve the dimensional accuracy of Nimonic alloy miniature gear manufactured using Wire EDM.The cutting parameters investigated in this study are current,pulse on time(PON),pulse off time(POFF),wire tension(WT)and dielectric fluids.Ethylene glycol,nanopowder of alumina and oxygen are mixed to demineralized water to prepare novel dielectric fluids.Deviation in inner diameter,deviation in outer diameter,deviation in land and deviation in tooth width are considered to check the dimensional accuracy.Taguchi L_(16) is employed for experimental design and multiple response optimization is performed using Entropy TOPSIS and Pareto ANOVA.Results indicate that pulse on time is the most notable parameter for good dimensional accuracy followed by dielectric fluid,current,pulse off time and wire tension.Ethylene glycol mixed demineralized water is preferred for low dimensional deviation.The optimum WEDM parameters are pulse on time at 20μs,Ethylene glycol mixed demineralized water dielectric fluid,current at 3 A,pulse off time at 4μs,and wire tension at 18 N.展开更多
A particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision model of a discharge chamber is established to investigate the start-up process of a miniature ion thruster.We present the discharge characteristics at different stages(the ini...A particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision model of a discharge chamber is established to investigate the start-up process of a miniature ion thruster.We present the discharge characteristics at different stages(the initial stage,development stage,and stable stage)according to the trend of the discharge current with time.The discharge current is the sum of the sidewall current and the backplate current.During the start-up process,the sidewall current lags behind the backplate current.The variation and distribution characteristics of the discharge current over time are determined by the electron density distribution and electric potential distribution.展开更多
Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements(MITEs)are a group of DNA transposable element(TE)which preferentially distributed with gene associated regions.Tens of MITEs families have been revealed in Brassica napu...Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements(MITEs)are a group of DNA transposable element(TE)which preferentially distributed with gene associated regions.Tens of MITEs families have been revealed in Brassica napus genome,they scatter across the genome with tens of thousands copies and produce polymorphisms both intra-and inter-species.Our previous studies revealed a Tourist-like MITE,Monkey King,associated with vernalization requirement of B.napus,however there are still few studies reveal MITE association with agricultural traits in B.napus.In the present study,80 polymorphic markers were developed from 55 MITEs,and used to evaluate genetic diversity in a panel of B.napus accessions consisting of 101 natural and 25 synthetic genotypes.Five agricultural traits,oil content,glucosinolate content,erucic acid content,weight of thousand seeds(WTS)and plant height,were investigated across 3-years field experiments,in addition,two traits,hypocotyl length and root length,were evaluated at the 4-leaf stage in the laboratory.Correlations between the MITE-based markers and seven traits were analyzed,finally,10 polymorphic markers produced by 6 pairs of MITE specific primers were revealed relatively high correlation with 5 traits.Two polymorphic markers were anchored with two candidate genes,BnaA02g13530D and BnaA08g20010D,respectively,which may contribute to glucosinolate content and WTS.This research may contribute to genetic improvement through utilization of MITE-induced polymorphisms in Brassica species.展开更多
文摘Tunable Airy beams with controllable propagation trajectories have sparked interest in various fields,such as optical manipulation and laser fabrication.Existing research approaches encounter challenges related to insufficient compactness and integration feasibility,or they require enhanced tunability to enable real-time dynamic manipulation of the propagation trajectory.In this work,we present a novel method that utilizes a dual metasurface system to surpass these limitations,significantly enhancing the practical potential of the Airy beam.Our approach involves encoding a cubic phase profile and two off-axis Fresnel lens phase profiles across the two metasurfaces.The validity of the proposed strategy has been confirmed through simulation and experimental results.The proposed meta-device addresses the existing limitations and lays the foundation for broadening the applicability of Airy beams across diverse domains,encompassing light-sheet microscopy,laser fabrication,optical tweezers,etc.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.:2022YFC3502300)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.:L222150)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82072247)the second batch of“Ten thousand plan”National High Level Talents Special Support Plan(Grant No.:W02020052)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(Grant Nos.:XJYS21005,JY21024,MSGZF-202001,2022-syjs-05,and 2022-syjs-10).
文摘The automation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pharmaceuticals has driven the development of process analysis from offline to online.Most of common online process analytical technologies are based on spectroscopy,making the identification and quantification of specific ingredients still a challenge.Herein,we developed a quality control(QC)system for monitoring TCM pharmaceuticals based on paper spray ionization miniature mass spectrometry(mini-MS).It enabled real-time online qualitative and quantitative detection of target ingredients in herbal extracts using mini-MS without chromatographic separation for the first time.Dynamic changes of alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)during decoction were used as examples,and the scientific principle of Fuzi compatibility was also investigated.Finally,the system was verified to work stably at the hourly level for pilot-scale extraction.This mini-MS based online analytical system is expected to be further developed for QC applications in a wider range of pharmaceutical processes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:3147205731802021.Specialized Research Fund for Laboratory Animal Science of PLA,Grant/Award Number:SYDW[2020]01SYDW[2020]02.
文摘Background:Hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites have been found to be potential genetic markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,SNPs related to T2DM in minipigs have been less reported.This study aimed to screen the T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP loci in Bama minipigs so as to improve the success rate of the minipig T2DM model.Methods:The genomic DNAs of three Bama minipigs with T2DM,six sibling lowsusceptibility minipigs with T2DM,and three normal control minipigs were compared by whole-genome sequencing.The T2DM Bama minipig-specific loci were obtained,and their functions were annotated.Meanwhile,the Biomart software was used to perform homology alignment with T2DM-related loci obtained from the human genome-wide association study to screen candidate SNP markers for T2DM in Bama miniature pigs.Results:Whole-genome resequencing detected 6960 specific loci in the minipigs with T2DM,and 13 loci corresponding to 9 diabetes-related genes were selected.Further,a set of 122 specific loci in 69 orthologous genes of human T2DM candidate genes were obtained in the pigs.Collectively,a batch of T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP markers in Bama minipigs,covering 16 genes and 135 loci,was established.Conclusions:Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of the orthologous genes in pigs that corresponded to the human T2DM-related variant loci successfully screened out T2DM-susceptible candidate markers in Bama miniature pigs.Using these loci to predict the susceptibility of the pigs before constructing an animal model of T2DM may help to establish an ideal animal model.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701443)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2017B01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2016CB52)。
文摘Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize.Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene,nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5),which controls small kernel phenotype by playing an important role in kernel development.A novel recessive small kernel mutant miniature2-m1(mn2-m1)was isolated from self-pollinated progenies of breeding materials.The mutant spontaneously showed small kernel character arresting both embryo and endosperm development at an early stage after pollination.Utilizing 21 polymorphic SSR markers,the mn2-m1 locus was limited to a 209.9-kb interval using 9176 recessive individuals of a BC1 segregating population from mn2-m1/B73.Only one annotated gene was located in this 209.9 kb region,Zm00001 d019294,which was predicted to encode nitrate transporter1.5(NRT1.5).Allelism tests confirmed that mn2-m1 was allelic to miniature2-m2(mn2-m2)and miniature2-710 B(mn2-710 B).The mn2-m1 and mn2-m2 alleles both had nucleotide deletions in the coding region resulting in premature termination,and the mn2-710 B allele had some missence mutations.Subcellular localization showed that Miniature 2(MN2)is localized in the plasma membrane.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that the expression of MN2 and some genes involved in the basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL)and embryo surrounding region(ESR)development were affected in mn2-m1 seeds.These results suggested that MN2 plays an important role in maize seed development.
文摘Objective:To report the outcomes and complications of open dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty with miniature incision in treating children’s ureteropelvic junction obstruction.Methods:Between March 2007 and April 2011,109 children with a mean age of 2 years and 8 months old with ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent open dismembered pyeloplasty.Clinical manifestations,radiographic assessments,incision size,surgery time,hospital stay,and complication rate were recorded.All patients had a documented ureteropelvic junction obstruction(having T1/2 more than 20 min in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid[DTPA]scan)with symptomatic stenosis or decreased kidney function(differential function<40%).Pyeloplasty was done by a retroperitoneal flank approach with miniature incision without pelvis reduction.One surgeon did all the surgeries.Success rate and complications were assessed in a 3-year follow-up.Results:Mean surgery time was 52 min(47e60 min).Incision size was 18e28 mm.Mean hospital stay was 3 days(2e8 days).The surgery was successful in 98.2%of patients with a mean follow-up time of 36 months(success was defined as disappearance of symptoms,if present,with improved ultrasound imaging results or Reno graphic parameters).The complication rate was 7.33%,including urinary leakage,double-J urethral stent dislocation and infection.Conclusion:Open dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe,technically feasible and effective therapy in treatment of children’s ureteropelvic junction obstruction.It takes a short time to do,requires a small incision and has few complications and a short recovery period.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.61604023National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61804016)。
文摘Following the current rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT)and wireless condition monitoring systems,energy harvesters which use ambient energy have become a key part of achieving an energy-autonomous system.Miniature wind energy harvesters have attracted widespread attention because of their great potential of power density as well as the rich availability of wind energy in many possible areas of application.This article provides readers with a glimpse into the state-of-the-art of miniature wind energy harvesters.The crucial factors for them to achieve high working efficiency under lower operational wind speed excitation are analyzed.Various potential energy coupling mechanisms are discussed in detail.Design approaches for broadening operational wind-speed-range given a variety of energy coupling mechanisms are also presented,as observed in the literature.Performance enhancement mechanisms including hydrodynamic configuration optimization,and non-linear vibration pick-up structure are reviewed.Conclusions are drawn and the outlook for each coupling mechanisms is presented.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA04071700,XDA04060202)
文摘The miniature design technology is an important trend in space exploration.Mass spectrometer is used extensively in the space environment detection.The miniature ion mass spectrometer utilizes a 127° cylindrical electrostatic analyzer accompanied with a Time of Flight(TOF)unit based on ultrathin carbon foil to measure the energy spectra and composition of space plasma.The Time of Flight technique has been used broadly in space plasma measurement.A new type of miniature method for the ion mass spectrometer is introduced.The total mass of the instrument is1.8 kg and the total power consumption is 2.0 W.The calibration results show that the energy measurement range is 8.71~43550eV,the energy resolution is 1.86%and the ion mass from 1 amu(1 amu= 1.67 × 10^(-27)kg) to 58 amu can be resolved by the miniature mass spectrometer.The miniature ion mass spectrometer also has a potential to be increased in the field of view by an electrostatic deflecting system to extend its application in space plasma detection.The miniature ion mass spectrometer has been selected for pre-study of Chinese Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(#2012CB967900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300624,81470684)+3 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2015M571818)Six Major Categories of Talent (2014-WSN043,2011-WS-074)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province(201510313003Z,201510313003,KYLX14-1455)Clinic Medical Special Foundation of Jiangsu Province (b12014032)
文摘Objective:To report vestibular evoked myogenic potentials from different recording sites(neck extensor or masseter muscles) in miniature pigs and rats.Methods:Potentials were recorded using 1000 Hz tone bursts from the neck extensor muscle or masseter muscle in normal adult Bama miniature pigs and rats anesthetized with 3%pentobarbital sodium and Sumianxin Ⅱ.Results:At 80 dB SPL,the first positive wave(P wave) of VEMPs was recognizable in 58%of rats with a latency of 6.45±0.23 ms and an amplitude of 1.45±0.49 μV when recorded from the neck extensor muscle,and in 50%of rats with a latency of 6.38±0.34 ms and an amplitude of 1.57±0.35 μV when recorded from the masseter muscle.In miniature pigs,at the same stimulus intensity,P wave was recognizable in 58%of the animals with a latency of 7.65±0.64 ms and an amplitude of 1.66±0.34 μV when recorded from the neck extensor muscle,and in 50%of the animals with a latency of 7.65±0.64 ms and an amplitude of 0.31±0.28 μV when recorded from the masseter muscle.Conclusion:VEMP can be induced from both neck extensor and masseter muscles in the miniature pig and rat.For a given species,the site of recording affects P wave induction rate and amplitude but not latency.Consistency and repeatability analysis suggests that the masseter muscle is a better recording site in miniature pigs while the cervical extensor is a better recording site in rats.For a given recording site,both latency and amplitude of the P wave are slightly greater in miniature pigs than in rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51435012)
文摘Because of the size limitation of weld joints in different regions, the traditional standard bar specimen is not suitable to investigate the mechanical properties of weld joints. In this study, miniature specimens were extracted from specific regions(base metal, weld metal, and three heat-affected zones) of API X80 and X70 weld joints. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of different regions, and then uniaxial ratcheting tests were conducted to investigate the ratcheting behaviors of the different regions under the same peak and nominal stresses. Under both the tensile tests and ratcheting tests, the weld joints exhibit heterogeneous results, such as different mechanical properties and ratcheting behaviors, which were region dependent. Furthermore, the yield strength and yield-to-tensile strength ratio contribute differently to the ratcheting response.
基金supported by grants from the NationalBasic Research Program of China(973 Program)(#2012CB9679002011CBA01000)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(NSFC#81271082)
文摘Objective To investigate the suitability of miniature pigs as an animal model for otological research.Methods Microdissection of the temporal bone was performed on 10 miniature pigs and recorded on photographs. Results The morphology and measurement of the external, middle and inner ear and the lateral recess of the miniature pigs were obtained by microdissection. Conclusion Compared to traditional animal models, the miniature pig may be a better model for biomedical research because of its many similarities in physiological functions with humans. The Similarities of the temporal bone structures, including the external, middle and inner ear and the lateral recess, between the miniature pig and human make the animal a potentially useful model for otological research.
基金Project(50605023) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Considering two characteristics of compact heat dissipation room and high heat flux, a novel miniature capillary pumped loop (MCPL) for electronics cooling was proposed. MCPL consists of evaporator, condenser, vapor and liquid line dissipates heat by boiling and condensation of working fluids with no extra power consumption. Working fluid circulation is ensured by vapor pressure and capillary head. Saturated wick screens vapor and liquid, and ensures one-way flow of working fluid with no extra valve. In order to promote heat dissipation capacity of MCPL, the intensified boiling and condensation structures are embedded into evaporator and condenser respectively, which are useful to increasing boiling and condensation efficiency. Startup and run characteristics are tested by experiments in the condition of different power inputs and working fluids. MCPL is capable of dissipating 80 W of thermal energy and keeping the bottom substrate temperature of evaporator at 80 ℃.
文摘Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) were grown at 100 and 150 μmol m-2·s-1 photon flux densities (PFD) with 16, 20 and 24 h·day-1 lighting periods (LP) in a greenhouse compartment in midwinter at latitude 59° north. The study included 10 different treatments and six rose cultivars, altogether 900 plants. The 16 and 20 h LP were applied with or without a dark period of 8 and 4 h·day-1, respectively, by timing the LP in relation to daylight that lasted for 7 - 8 h. Number of days until flowering decreased with an increase in PFD and in LP up to 24 day-1 and was unaffected by the timing of the 16 and 20 h·day-1 LP. Number of flowers and plant dry weight increased 20% to 30% by increasing the PFD. Plant dry weight increased by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 (about 25%), but no effect was found with a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Mean growth rate until flowering increased 30% to 40% by increasing the PFD or by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h day-1, while little effect was found by a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Increasing the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 increased the growth rate more than increasing the PFD did. Three of the cultivars were tested for water loss after the detachment of some leaves. Leaves that had developed without a dark period showed a considerably higher water loss than the treatments that included a dark period of 4 or 8 h·day-1. The keeping quality at indoor conditions, however, was unaffected by the treatment due to sufficient watering. Powdery mildew developed significantly more on plants grown with a dark period of 8 h as compared with the other treatments. It was concluded that 20 h·day-1 LP including a dark period of 4 h·day-1 and a PFD of at least 150 μmol·m-2·s-1 should be applied to miniature roses during the winter months in order to effectively produce miniature pot roses with a high quality.
文摘Miniature flares containing magnesium/sodium nitrate compounded with different binders were studied for increasing luminosity and luminous efficiency in various fuel oxidizer ratio and flare diameters.Unsaturated polyester, Bisphenol-A epoxy resin, calcium resinate, and nitrocellulose were used as binders for construction the flares. Experimental results showed that luminous efficiency was higher for polyester based flares. Due to the difference in decomposition progress of various binders and the exothermic reaction between binder and oxidizer the luminous efficiency of the mixtures were 31000,28900, 27800 and 25100 cd respectively for polyester, epoxy, calcium resinate, and nitrocellulose. It was found that nitrocellulose as an energetic binder produces the highest light intensity in comparison to other binders, but the burning rate is higher and the burning time is lower than the other binders.Thermal analysis of four binders showed that the heat of reactions was directly related to the amount of light output and luminosity.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (#2012CB967900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300624, 81470684)+3 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2015M571818)Six Major Categories Talent (2014-WSN043, 2011-WS-074)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province (201510313003Z, 201510313003, KYLX14-1455)Clinic Medical Special Foundation Of Jiangsu Province (b12014032)
文摘Objective: To report detection of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) in the miniature pig.Methods: Potentials evoked by 1000 Hz tone bursts were recorded from neck extensor muscles and the masseter muscles in normal adult Bama miniature pigs anesthetized with 3% pentobarbital sodium and Carbachol II.Results: The latency of the first positive wave P from neck extensor muscles was 7.65 ± 0.64 ms, with an amplitude of 1.66 ± 0.34 uv and a rate of successful induction of 75% at 80 d B SPL. The latency of potentials evoked from the masseter muscles was 7.60 ± 0.78 ms, with an amplitude of 1.31 ± 0.28 uv and a rate successful induction of 66% at 80 d B SPL.Conclusion: The latencies and thresholds of VEMPs recorded from the neck extensor muscle and the masseter muscle appear to be comparable in normal adult Bama miniature pigs, although the amplitude recorded from the neck extensor muscle seems to be higher than that from the masseter muscle. However, because of their usually relatively superficial and easily accessible location, as well as their large volume and strong contractions, masseter muscles may be better target muscles for recording myogenic potentials.
文摘A new kind of ndniature conductance cell with thick electrodes was made, which has high resolution, high sensitivity, but no dead volume. A set of capillary electrophoresis device with on-column conductivity detector was assembled. In order to test the performance of this kind of ndni-cell, different kinds of Anni-cells were used to detect Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+and Mg2+ ions.
基金financial support from the National Twelfth Five-year Projects of China for Science and Technology under Contract D.50-0109-15-001
文摘The synthetic oil has been extensively used in the miniature bearing thanks to its good low-temperature fluidity. However, most of commercial synthetic oils cannot meet the requirements for operating at ultra-low temperature, demanding that the lubricating oil should flow below -60℃ with its ISO VG being greater than 10 mm^2/s. In this paper, the relationships between the structures of the ester, polyether, and silicone oils, and low temperature fluidity were investigated. The results showed that the low-temperature fluidity of oil having a shorter molecular chain length and a smaller molecular weight became better. Moreover, except the silicone oil, other synthetic oil cannot reach the requirements for working at ultra-low temperature. Silicone oil has good low-temperature properties, but it has poor lubricating properties in an environment where steel is sliding against steel. Then based on the analytical results, a new type of non-Newtonian oil was developed. The test results showed that the fluidity of the newly developed oil at below -60℃ is much better than that of the commercial 4123, 4129 ester type aviation lubricants. In addition, it has good lubricating performance, which is much better than that of the silicone oil. The non-Newtonian oil demonstrates a promising prospect for application in miniature bearings operating at low load and ultra-low temperature.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University,for funding this work through research groups program under Grant No.(R.G.P.1/197/41).
文摘The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimum cutting parameters to achieve the dimensional accuracy of Nimonic alloy miniature gear manufactured using Wire EDM.The cutting parameters investigated in this study are current,pulse on time(PON),pulse off time(POFF),wire tension(WT)and dielectric fluids.Ethylene glycol,nanopowder of alumina and oxygen are mixed to demineralized water to prepare novel dielectric fluids.Deviation in inner diameter,deviation in outer diameter,deviation in land and deviation in tooth width are considered to check the dimensional accuracy.Taguchi L_(16) is employed for experimental design and multiple response optimization is performed using Entropy TOPSIS and Pareto ANOVA.Results indicate that pulse on time is the most notable parameter for good dimensional accuracy followed by dielectric fluid,current,pulse off time and wire tension.Ethylene glycol mixed demineralized water is preferred for low dimensional deviation.The optimum WEDM parameters are pulse on time at 20μs,Ethylene glycol mixed demineralized water dielectric fluid,current at 3 A,pulse off time at 4μs,and wire tension at 18 N.
文摘A particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision model of a discharge chamber is established to investigate the start-up process of a miniature ion thruster.We present the discharge characteristics at different stages(the initial stage,development stage,and stable stage)according to the trend of the discharge current with time.The discharge current is the sum of the sidewall current and the backplate current.During the start-up process,the sidewall current lags behind the backplate current.The variation and distribution characteristics of the discharge current over time are determined by the electron density distribution and electric potential distribution.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31501341)Outstanding Youth Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.2016YQ29).
文摘Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements(MITEs)are a group of DNA transposable element(TE)which preferentially distributed with gene associated regions.Tens of MITEs families have been revealed in Brassica napus genome,they scatter across the genome with tens of thousands copies and produce polymorphisms both intra-and inter-species.Our previous studies revealed a Tourist-like MITE,Monkey King,associated with vernalization requirement of B.napus,however there are still few studies reveal MITE association with agricultural traits in B.napus.In the present study,80 polymorphic markers were developed from 55 MITEs,and used to evaluate genetic diversity in a panel of B.napus accessions consisting of 101 natural and 25 synthetic genotypes.Five agricultural traits,oil content,glucosinolate content,erucic acid content,weight of thousand seeds(WTS)and plant height,were investigated across 3-years field experiments,in addition,two traits,hypocotyl length and root length,were evaluated at the 4-leaf stage in the laboratory.Correlations between the MITE-based markers and seven traits were analyzed,finally,10 polymorphic markers produced by 6 pairs of MITE specific primers were revealed relatively high correlation with 5 traits.Two polymorphic markers were anchored with two candidate genes,BnaA02g13530D and BnaA08g20010D,respectively,which may contribute to glucosinolate content and WTS.This research may contribute to genetic improvement through utilization of MITE-induced polymorphisms in Brassica species.
