Based on high-fidelity numerical simulation by using the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model,we analyzed the formation and replacement mechanism of the concentric eyewall of Super Typhoon Muifa(1109)from the aspec...Based on high-fidelity numerical simulation by using the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model,we analyzed the formation and replacement mechanism of the concentric eyewall of Super Typhoon Muifa(1109)from the aspects of the potential vorticity(PV),dynamic/thermodynamic structure change,sea surface flux,and water vapor content.Observational data and sensitivity tests were also adopted to verify the results.We found that:(1)The abnormal increase of the PV in the rain zone is mainly due to the condensation latent heat.Sufficient water vapor conditions are beneficial to the formation of the outer eyewall structure,and when the environmental water vapor content is larger,the intensity of the outer eyewall becomes greater.(2)After the formation of the typhoon’s outer eyewall,in the area where the outer eyewall is located,the increase of inertial stability contributes to the decrease of the intensity of the inner eyewall.When the intensity of the outer eyewall is larger,the divergence and subsidence motion in the upper layer of the outer eyewall has a greater weakening effect on the intensity of the inner eyewall.(3)The increase of potential temperature of the outer eyewall is mainly due to the condensation latent heat release and the warming of dry air subsidence motion in the moat area.(4)The increase of sea surface heat flux can prolong the concentric eyewall replacement process.展开更多
Phytoplankton structure in spring in the moats of Dinghai District,Zhoushan City was investigated in April 2016. Firstly,the species composition and dominant species of phytoplankton were analyzed,and then the water q...Phytoplankton structure in spring in the moats of Dinghai District,Zhoushan City was investigated in April 2016. Firstly,the species composition and dominant species of phytoplankton were analyzed,and then the water quality of the moats was evaluated by cell density,water-quality indicator species,biodiversity index method,and saprobic index method. The results show that there were 114 species of phytoplankton in the moats of Dinghai District in spring,belonging to 70 genera,38 families,and 7 phyla,of which Bacillarophyta,Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were dominant; the main dominant species were Synedra acus,Aphanizomenon flosaquae,Microcytis flos-aquae,etc. The cell density of phytoplankton in the moats ranged from 1.07 million to 13.7 million cells/L. Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef richness index,Pielou evenness index,and saprobic index averaged 0.93,2.53,0.12,and 2.61 respectively. On the whole,river water in the moats of Dinghai District was polluted seriously,but there was no obvious difference between the four rivers in water pollution.展开更多
Taking the Nancheng River in Xiping County for example, this paper focused on history and landscape features of the moat, applied natural eco-designs, explored the design of natural eco-waterfront landscapes and also ...Taking the Nancheng River in Xiping County for example, this paper focused on history and landscape features of the moat, applied natural eco-designs, explored the design of natural eco-waterfront landscapes and also the organization of moat landscape sequence, highlighted the conception of landscape nodes, and tried to represent water culture of the moat and also folk customs formed on the basis of city cultures and spatial resources.展开更多
Surgery of large basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in problematic locations is sometimes challenging. A two-step surgical treatment of extensive BCC of the upper lip with themoat technique as an alternative to temporary wou...Surgery of large basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in problematic locations is sometimes challenging. A two-step surgical treatment of extensive BCC of the upper lip with themoat technique as an alternative to temporary wound closure will be illustrated using the example of two patients: In the first step, only the safety margin around the tumor is removed. Aftermicrographic examination proves the lateral margins to be tumor-free, the tumor itself with all layers of the upper lip is removed in a second step. The defect is then closed with advancement flaps. If tumor resection does not involve all layers, the histopathologic interpretation of the base is first possible after complete surgical closure. The moat technique offers several advantages: The infection risk is minimized and the patient can eat and drink with an intact lip while resection margins are processed overnight. Tumor-free tissue is spared through the step-by-step procedure; the extent of plastic surgery is thus reduced and good functional and cosmetic results can be achieved. In addition, the perioperative period is less complicated.展开更多
This research aims for an objective identification, tracking, and a statistical analysis of the Moving Magnetic Features (MMFs) around sunspots using SOHO/MDI high-resolution magnetograms. To this end, we develop a co...This research aims for an objective identification, tracking, and a statistical analysis of the Moving Magnetic Features (MMFs) around sunspots using SOHO/MDI high-resolution magnetograms. To this end, we develop a computerized tracking program and study the motion and magnetism of the outflows of MMFs around 26 sunspots. Our method locates 4-27 MMFs per hour, with higher counts for large sunspots. We differentiate MMFs into type α that have a polarity opposite to the parent sunspots, and type β that share the sunspot's polarity. These sunspots' MMF subsets exhibit a wide range of central tendencies which have distinctive correlations with the sunspots. In general, α-MMFs emerge farther from the sunspot, carry less flux, and move faster than β-MMFs. The typical α/β-MMFs emerge at 2.2 - 8.1/0.1 - 3.2 Mm outside the penumbra limb, with lifetimes of 1.1 - 3.1/1.3 - 2.0 h. They are 1.1 - 6.6/1.4 - 3.6 Mm2 in area and carry 1.4 - 12.5/4.8 - 11.4 ×1018 Mx of flux. They travel a distance of 2.7 - 5.9/2.8 - 3.6 Mm with the speed of 0.5 - 0.9/0.4 - 0.7 km/s. Compared to the α-MMFs produced by large sunspots, those of small spots are smaller. They emerge closer to sunspot, move farther, live longer, and carry less flux. β-MMFs show much less correlation with the sunspots. The flux outflow carried by the MMFs ranges from 0.2 to 8.3 × 1019Mx· h-1 and does not show obvious correlation with the sunspots' evolution. The frequency distributions of the MMFs' distance traveled, area, and flux are exponential. This suggests the existence of numerous small, weak, and short-timescale magnetic objects which might contribute to the sunspot flux outflow.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41875060)。
文摘Based on high-fidelity numerical simulation by using the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model,we analyzed the formation and replacement mechanism of the concentric eyewall of Super Typhoon Muifa(1109)from the aspects of the potential vorticity(PV),dynamic/thermodynamic structure change,sea surface flux,and water vapor content.Observational data and sensitivity tests were also adopted to verify the results.We found that:(1)The abnormal increase of the PV in the rain zone is mainly due to the condensation latent heat.Sufficient water vapor conditions are beneficial to the formation of the outer eyewall structure,and when the environmental water vapor content is larger,the intensity of the outer eyewall becomes greater.(2)After the formation of the typhoon’s outer eyewall,in the area where the outer eyewall is located,the increase of inertial stability contributes to the decrease of the intensity of the inner eyewall.When the intensity of the outer eyewall is larger,the divergence and subsidence motion in the upper layer of the outer eyewall has a greater weakening effect on the intensity of the inner eyewall.(3)The increase of potential temperature of the outer eyewall is mainly due to the condensation latent heat release and the warming of dry air subsidence motion in the moat area.(4)The increase of sea surface heat flux can prolong the concentric eyewall replacement process.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province,China(LQ15C030001)Scientific Research Funds of Zhejiang Ocean University(21035012413)+1 种基金Xinmiao Talents Project of Zhejiang Province,China(2016R411056)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Zhejiang Ocean University(xj201511)
文摘Phytoplankton structure in spring in the moats of Dinghai District,Zhoushan City was investigated in April 2016. Firstly,the species composition and dominant species of phytoplankton were analyzed,and then the water quality of the moats was evaluated by cell density,water-quality indicator species,biodiversity index method,and saprobic index method. The results show that there were 114 species of phytoplankton in the moats of Dinghai District in spring,belonging to 70 genera,38 families,and 7 phyla,of which Bacillarophyta,Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were dominant; the main dominant species were Synedra acus,Aphanizomenon flosaquae,Microcytis flos-aquae,etc. The cell density of phytoplankton in the moats ranged from 1.07 million to 13.7 million cells/L. Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef richness index,Pielou evenness index,and saprobic index averaged 0.93,2.53,0.12,and 2.61 respectively. On the whole,river water in the moats of Dinghai District was polluted seriously,but there was no obvious difference between the four rivers in water pollution.
文摘Taking the Nancheng River in Xiping County for example, this paper focused on history and landscape features of the moat, applied natural eco-designs, explored the design of natural eco-waterfront landscapes and also the organization of moat landscape sequence, highlighted the conception of landscape nodes, and tried to represent water culture of the moat and also folk customs formed on the basis of city cultures and spatial resources.
文摘Surgery of large basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in problematic locations is sometimes challenging. A two-step surgical treatment of extensive BCC of the upper lip with themoat technique as an alternative to temporary wound closure will be illustrated using the example of two patients: In the first step, only the safety margin around the tumor is removed. Aftermicrographic examination proves the lateral margins to be tumor-free, the tumor itself with all layers of the upper lip is removed in a second step. The defect is then closed with advancement flaps. If tumor resection does not involve all layers, the histopathologic interpretation of the base is first possible after complete surgical closure. The moat technique offers several advantages: The infection risk is minimized and the patient can eat and drink with an intact lip while resection margins are processed overnight. Tumor-free tissue is spared through the step-by-step procedure; the extent of plastic surgery is thus reduced and good functional and cosmetic results can be achieved. In addition, the perioperative period is less complicated.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 10611120338, 10473016, 10673016, 10733020, and 60673158)+2 种基金the Important Directional Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. KLCX2-YW-T04)the Astronomical Unite Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10878016 and 10778723)the Max-Planck Gesellschaft–Chinese Academy of Sciences Doctoral Program and the International Max-Planck Research School
文摘This research aims for an objective identification, tracking, and a statistical analysis of the Moving Magnetic Features (MMFs) around sunspots using SOHO/MDI high-resolution magnetograms. To this end, we develop a computerized tracking program and study the motion and magnetism of the outflows of MMFs around 26 sunspots. Our method locates 4-27 MMFs per hour, with higher counts for large sunspots. We differentiate MMFs into type α that have a polarity opposite to the parent sunspots, and type β that share the sunspot's polarity. These sunspots' MMF subsets exhibit a wide range of central tendencies which have distinctive correlations with the sunspots. In general, α-MMFs emerge farther from the sunspot, carry less flux, and move faster than β-MMFs. The typical α/β-MMFs emerge at 2.2 - 8.1/0.1 - 3.2 Mm outside the penumbra limb, with lifetimes of 1.1 - 3.1/1.3 - 2.0 h. They are 1.1 - 6.6/1.4 - 3.6 Mm2 in area and carry 1.4 - 12.5/4.8 - 11.4 ×1018 Mx of flux. They travel a distance of 2.7 - 5.9/2.8 - 3.6 Mm with the speed of 0.5 - 0.9/0.4 - 0.7 km/s. Compared to the α-MMFs produced by large sunspots, those of small spots are smaller. They emerge closer to sunspot, move farther, live longer, and carry less flux. β-MMFs show much less correlation with the sunspots. The flux outflow carried by the MMFs ranges from 0.2 to 8.3 × 1019Mx· h-1 and does not show obvious correlation with the sunspots' evolution. The frequency distributions of the MMFs' distance traveled, area, and flux are exponential. This suggests the existence of numerous small, weak, and short-timescale magnetic objects which might contribute to the sunspot flux outflow.
