The stomach is the most frequently involved site for extranodal lymphomas,accounting for nearly two-thirds of all gastrointestinal cases.It is widely accepted that gastric B-cell,low-grade mucosal-associated lymphoid ...The stomach is the most frequently involved site for extranodal lymphomas,accounting for nearly two-thirds of all gastrointestinal cases.It is widely accepted that gastric B-cell,low-grade mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)-lymphoma is caused by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.MALT-lymphomas may engender different clinical and endoscopic patterns.Often,diagnosis is confirmed in patients with only vague dyspeptic symptoms and without macroscopic lesions on gastric mucosa.H.pylori eradication leads to lymphoma remission in a large number of patients when treatment occurs at an early stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ1).Neoplasia confined to the submucosa,localized in the antral region of the stomach,and without API2-MALT1 translocation,shows a high probability of remission following H.pylori eradication.When both bacterial infection and lymphoma recur,further eradication therapy is generally effective.Radiotherapy,chemotherapy and,in selected cases,surgery are the available therapeutic options with a high success rate for those patients who fail to achieve remission,while data on immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (rituximab)are still scarce.The 5-year survival rate is higher than 90%,but careful,long-term follow-up is required in these patients since lymphoma recurrence has been reported in some cases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver failure has high mortality and poor prognosis,and establishing new reliable markers for predicting its prognosis is necessary.Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are a novel population of innate...BACKGROUND Liver failure has high mortality and poor prognosis,and establishing new reliable markers for predicting its prognosis is necessary.Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are a novel population of innate-like lymphocytes involved in inflammatory liver disease,and their potential role in liver failure remains unclear.AIM To investigate alteration of circulating MAIT cells and assess its prognostic value in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related liver failure.METHODS We recruited 55 patients with HBV-related liver failure,48 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 40 healthy controls(HCs)from Nantong Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated,and the percentage and number of circulating MAIT cells were detected by flow cytometry.Plasma levels of interleukin(IL)-7,IL-12p70,IL-18 and interferon-αwere measured by Luminex assay.RESULTS Circulating MAIT cells were significantly decreased in HBV-related liver failure patients(percentage:2.00±1.22 vs 5.19±1.27%,P<0.0001;number:5.47±4.93 vs 84.43±19.59,P<0.0001)compared with HCs.More importantly,there was a significant reduction of MAIT cells in patients with middle/late-stage compared with early-stage liver failure.Circulating MAIT cells partially recovered after disease improvement,both in percentage(4.01±1.21 vs 2.04±0.95%,P<0.0001)and in cell count(17.24±8.56 vs 7.41±4.99,P<0.0001).The proportion(2.29±1.01 vs 1.58±1.38%,P<0.05)and number(7.30±5.70 vs 2.94±1.47,P<0.001)of circulating MAIT cells were significantly higher in the survival group than in the dead/liver transplantation group,and the Kaplan–Meier curve showed that lower expression of circulating MAIT cells(both percentage and cell count)predicted poor overall survival(P<0.01).Also,the levels of IL-12(20.26±5.42 pg/mL vs 17.76±2.79 pg/mL,P=0.01)and IL-18(1470.05±1525.38 pg/mL vs 362.99±109.64 pg/mL,P<0.0001)were dramatically increased in HBV-related liver failure patients compared with HCs.CONCLUSION Circulating MAIT cells may play an important role in the process of HBV-related liver failure and can be an important prognostic marker.展开更多
Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells have been described in liver and nonliver diseases,and they have been ascribed antimicrobial,immune regulatory,protective,and pathogenic roles.The goals of this review are to ...Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells have been described in liver and nonliver diseases,and they have been ascribed antimicrobial,immune regulatory,protective,and pathogenic roles.The goals of this review are to describe their biological properties,indicate their involvement in chronic liver disease,and encourage investigations that clarify their actions and therapeutic implications.English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms,and bibliographies were developed.MAIT cells are activated by restricted non-peptides of limited diversity and by multiple inflammatory cytokines.Diverse pro-inflammatory,anti-inflammatory,and immune regulatory cytokines are released;infected cells are eliminated;and memory cells emerge.Circulating MAIT cells are hyper-activated,immune exhausted,dysfunctional,and depleted in chronic liver disease.This phenotype lacks disease-specificity,and it does not predict the biological effects.MAIT cells have presumed protective actions in chronic viral hepatitis,alcoholic hepatitis,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,primary sclerosing cholangitis,and decompensated cirrhosis.They have pathogenic and pro-fibrotic actions in autoimmune hepatitis and mixed actions in primary biliary cholangitis.Local factors in the hepatic microenvironment(cytokines,bile acids,gut-derived bacterial antigens,and metabolic by-products)may modulate their response in individual diseases.Investigational manipulations of function are warranted to establish an association with disease severity and outcome.In conclusion,MAIT cells constitute a disease-nonspecific,immune response to chronic liver inflammation and infection.Their pathological role has been deduced from their deficiencies during active liver disease,and future investigations must clarify this role,link it to outcome,and explore therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Mice have frequently been used to model human diseases involving immune dysregulation such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.These models help elucidatethe mechanisms underlying the disease and in the developmen...Mice have frequently been used to model human diseases involving immune dysregulation such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.These models help elucidatethe mechanisms underlying the disease and in the development of novel therapies.However,if mice are deficient in certain cells and/or effectors associated with human diseases,how can their functions be investigated in this species?Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells,a novel innate-like T cell family member,are a good example.MAIT cells are abundant in humans but scarce in laboratory mice.MAIT cells harbor an invariant T cell receptor and recognize nonpeptidic antigens vitamin B2metabolites from bacteria and yeasts.Recent studies have shown that MAIT cells play a pivotal role in human diseases such as bacterial infections and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.MAIT cells possess granulysin,a human-specific effector molecule,but granulysin and its homologue are absent in mice.Furthermore,MAIT cells show poor proliferation in vitro.To overcome these problems and further our knowledge of MAIT cells,we have established a method to expand MAIT cells via induced pluripotent stem cells(iP SCs).In this review,we describe recent advances in the field of MAIT cell research and our approach for human disease modeling with iP SCderived MAIT cells.展开更多
Opportunistic bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP) may pose a risk for systemic dissemination.Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a broad and potent antimicrobial activity importa...Opportunistic bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP) may pose a risk for systemic dissemination.Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a broad and potent antimicrobial activity important for gut mucosal integrity.It was recently shown that MAIT cells are present in the oral mucosal tissue,but the involvement of MAIT cells in AP is unknown.Here,comparison of surgically resected AP and gingival tissues demonstrated that AP tissues express significantly higher levels of Vα7.2-Jα33,Vα7.2- Jα20,Vα7.2-Jα12,Cα and tumour necrosis factor (TNF),interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A transcripts,resembling a MAIT cell signature.Moreover,in AP tissues the MR1-restricted MAIT cells positive for MR1–5-OP-RU tetramer staining appeared to be of similar levels as in peripheral blood but consisted mainly of CD4^+ subset.Unlike gingival tissues,the AP microbiome was quantitatively impacted by factors like fistula and high patient age and had a prominent riboflavin-expressing bacterial feature.When merged in an integrated view,the examined immune and microbiome data in the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis could identify bacterial relative abundances that negatively correlated with Vα7.2-Jα33,Cα,and IL-17A transcript expressions in AP,implying that MAIT cells could play a role in the local defence at the oral tissue barrier.In conclusion,we describe the presence of MAIT cells at the oral site where translocation of oral microbiota could take place.These findings have implications for understanding the immune sensing of polymicrobial-related oral diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone(MALT)lymphoma is a low-grade tumor that rarely occurs in the urinary bladder.There is currently no consensus on the common imaging findings or mos...BACKGROUND Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone(MALT)lymphoma is a low-grade tumor that rarely occurs in the urinary bladder.There is currently no consensus on the common imaging findings or most appropriate treatment in MALT lymphoma in the urinary bladder due to the limited number of reports.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 1-year history of macroscopic hematuria.Imaging showed a large homogeneous mass with an unclear boundary and an irregular morphology in the bladder.The mass had an abundant blood supply.For further diagnosis,transurethral cystoscopic biopsy and bone marrow biopsy was performed,and the patient was finally diagnosed with primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder.R-CHOP chemotherapy was carried out.After three cycles of chemotherapy,the mass disappeared and the bladder wall thickness was only 4 mm,which indicated excellent therapeutic response to the chemotherapy.To date,the patient remains asymptomatic and she visits our hospital regularly for the completion of the remaining chemotherapy cycles.CONCLUSION Primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder is rare,and there are certain characteristics in the ultrasonographic findings.Imaging findings play an important role in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and are critical during long-term follow-up after therapy.展开更多
Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT) cells are systemically depleted in human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) infected patients and are not replenished even after successful combined antiretroviral th...Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT) cells are systemically depleted in human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) infected patients and are not replenished even after successful combined antiretroviral therapy(cART).This study aimed to identify the mechanism underlying MAIT cell depletion.Methods: In the present study, we applied flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the characteristics of pyroptotic MAIT cells in a total of 127 HIV-1 infected individuals, including 69 treatment-naive patients, 28 complete responders, 15 immunological non-responders, and 15 elite controllers, at the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.Results: Single-cell transcriptomic profiles revealed that circulating MAIT cells from HIV-1 infected subjects were highly activated, with upregulation of pyroptosis-related genes. Further analysis revealed that increased frequencies of pyroptotic MAIT cells correlated with markers of systemic T-cell activation, microbial translocation, and intestinal damage in cART-naive patients and poor CD4+ T-cell recovery in long-term cART patients. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that MAIT cells in the gut mucosa of HIV-1 infected patients exhibited a strong active gasdermin-D(GSDMD, marker of pyroptosis) signal near the cavity side, suggesting that these MAIT cells underwent active pyroptosis in the colorectal mucosa. Increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-12(IL-12) and IL-18 were observed in HIV-1 infected patients. In addition, activated MAIT cells exhibited an increased pyroptotic phenotype after being triggered by HIV-1 virions, T-cell receptor signals, IL-12 plus IL-18, and combinations of these factors, in vitro.Conclusions: Activation-induced MAIT cell pyroptosis contributes to the loss of MAIT cells in HIV-1 infected patients,which could potentiate disease progression and poor immune reconstitution.展开更多
AIM: To study the clinical and pathological characteristics of the lacrimal sac lymphoma, which is rare but it is the major type of non-epithelial malignant tumor in the lacrimal sac region. METHODS: Sixty-four cases ...AIM: To study the clinical and pathological characteristics of the lacrimal sac lymphoma, which is rare but it is the major type of non-epithelial malignant tumor in the lacrimal sac region. METHODS: Sixty-four cases of malignant lacrimal sac tumors in our hospital from 1986 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Eight cases of lacrimal sac lymphoma were carefully reviewed. RESULTS: There were five mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphomas, one diffused large B-cell lymphoma, one NK/T cell lymphoma, and one mantle cell lymphoma. All eight patients represented symptoms of epiphora with swelling in the lacrimal sac for a certain period of time and showed no signs of systemic involvement at the first time of clinical visits. They had received either chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery. Long-term follow-up(from 11 to 220 mo) showed that, except one patient with MALT lymphoma died for unknown reasons at 104 mo after surgery, the other 7 patients were all alive with no signs of local recurrence, neither in other organs. CONCLUSION: Non-epithelial malignant tumors of the lacrimal sac are rare and lymphoma is the major subtype.展开更多
文摘The stomach is the most frequently involved site for extranodal lymphomas,accounting for nearly two-thirds of all gastrointestinal cases.It is widely accepted that gastric B-cell,low-grade mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)-lymphoma is caused by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.MALT-lymphomas may engender different clinical and endoscopic patterns.Often,diagnosis is confirmed in patients with only vague dyspeptic symptoms and without macroscopic lesions on gastric mucosa.H.pylori eradication leads to lymphoma remission in a large number of patients when treatment occurs at an early stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ1).Neoplasia confined to the submucosa,localized in the antral region of the stomach,and without API2-MALT1 translocation,shows a high probability of remission following H.pylori eradication.When both bacterial infection and lymphoma recur,further eradication therapy is generally effective.Radiotherapy,chemotherapy and,in selected cases,surgery are the available therapeutic options with a high success rate for those patients who fail to achieve remission,while data on immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (rituximab)are still scarce.The 5-year survival rate is higher than 90%,but careful,long-term follow-up is required in these patients since lymphoma recurrence has been reported in some cases.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81600449Nantong Science and Technology Bureau,No.MS22018007,No.MSZ18130,and No.JCZ18036+2 种基金Six Peak Talents in Jiangsu Province,No.YY-177Project of Jiangsu Province Youth Medical Talent Development,No.QNRC2016400and Project of Nantong Youth Medical Talent Development,No.05.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver failure has high mortality and poor prognosis,and establishing new reliable markers for predicting its prognosis is necessary.Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are a novel population of innate-like lymphocytes involved in inflammatory liver disease,and their potential role in liver failure remains unclear.AIM To investigate alteration of circulating MAIT cells and assess its prognostic value in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related liver failure.METHODS We recruited 55 patients with HBV-related liver failure,48 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 40 healthy controls(HCs)from Nantong Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated,and the percentage and number of circulating MAIT cells were detected by flow cytometry.Plasma levels of interleukin(IL)-7,IL-12p70,IL-18 and interferon-αwere measured by Luminex assay.RESULTS Circulating MAIT cells were significantly decreased in HBV-related liver failure patients(percentage:2.00±1.22 vs 5.19±1.27%,P<0.0001;number:5.47±4.93 vs 84.43±19.59,P<0.0001)compared with HCs.More importantly,there was a significant reduction of MAIT cells in patients with middle/late-stage compared with early-stage liver failure.Circulating MAIT cells partially recovered after disease improvement,both in percentage(4.01±1.21 vs 2.04±0.95%,P<0.0001)and in cell count(17.24±8.56 vs 7.41±4.99,P<0.0001).The proportion(2.29±1.01 vs 1.58±1.38%,P<0.05)and number(7.30±5.70 vs 2.94±1.47,P<0.001)of circulating MAIT cells were significantly higher in the survival group than in the dead/liver transplantation group,and the Kaplan–Meier curve showed that lower expression of circulating MAIT cells(both percentage and cell count)predicted poor overall survival(P<0.01).Also,the levels of IL-12(20.26±5.42 pg/mL vs 17.76±2.79 pg/mL,P=0.01)and IL-18(1470.05±1525.38 pg/mL vs 362.99±109.64 pg/mL,P<0.0001)were dramatically increased in HBV-related liver failure patients compared with HCs.CONCLUSION Circulating MAIT cells may play an important role in the process of HBV-related liver failure and can be an important prognostic marker.
文摘Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells have been described in liver and nonliver diseases,and they have been ascribed antimicrobial,immune regulatory,protective,and pathogenic roles.The goals of this review are to describe their biological properties,indicate their involvement in chronic liver disease,and encourage investigations that clarify their actions and therapeutic implications.English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms,and bibliographies were developed.MAIT cells are activated by restricted non-peptides of limited diversity and by multiple inflammatory cytokines.Diverse pro-inflammatory,anti-inflammatory,and immune regulatory cytokines are released;infected cells are eliminated;and memory cells emerge.Circulating MAIT cells are hyper-activated,immune exhausted,dysfunctional,and depleted in chronic liver disease.This phenotype lacks disease-specificity,and it does not predict the biological effects.MAIT cells have presumed protective actions in chronic viral hepatitis,alcoholic hepatitis,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,primary sclerosing cholangitis,and decompensated cirrhosis.They have pathogenic and pro-fibrotic actions in autoimmune hepatitis and mixed actions in primary biliary cholangitis.Local factors in the hepatic microenvironment(cytokines,bile acids,gut-derived bacterial antigens,and metabolic by-products)may modulate their response in individual diseases.Investigational manipulations of function are warranted to establish an association with disease severity and outcome.In conclusion,MAIT cells constitute a disease-nonspecific,immune response to chronic liver inflammation and infection.Their pathological role has been deduced from their deficiencies during active liver disease,and future investigations must clarify this role,link it to outcome,and explore therapeutic interventions.
文摘Mice have frequently been used to model human diseases involving immune dysregulation such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.These models help elucidatethe mechanisms underlying the disease and in the development of novel therapies.However,if mice are deficient in certain cells and/or effectors associated with human diseases,how can their functions be investigated in this species?Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells,a novel innate-like T cell family member,are a good example.MAIT cells are abundant in humans but scarce in laboratory mice.MAIT cells harbor an invariant T cell receptor and recognize nonpeptidic antigens vitamin B2metabolites from bacteria and yeasts.Recent studies have shown that MAIT cells play a pivotal role in human diseases such as bacterial infections and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.MAIT cells possess granulysin,a human-specific effector molecule,but granulysin and its homologue are absent in mice.Furthermore,MAIT cells show poor proliferation in vitro.To overcome these problems and further our knowledge of MAIT cells,we have established a method to expand MAIT cells via induced pluripotent stem cells(iP SCs).In this review,we describe recent advances in the field of MAIT cell research and our approach for human disease modeling with iP SCderived MAIT cells.
文摘Opportunistic bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP) may pose a risk for systemic dissemination.Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a broad and potent antimicrobial activity important for gut mucosal integrity.It was recently shown that MAIT cells are present in the oral mucosal tissue,but the involvement of MAIT cells in AP is unknown.Here,comparison of surgically resected AP and gingival tissues demonstrated that AP tissues express significantly higher levels of Vα7.2-Jα33,Vα7.2- Jα20,Vα7.2-Jα12,Cα and tumour necrosis factor (TNF),interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A transcripts,resembling a MAIT cell signature.Moreover,in AP tissues the MR1-restricted MAIT cells positive for MR1–5-OP-RU tetramer staining appeared to be of similar levels as in peripheral blood but consisted mainly of CD4^+ subset.Unlike gingival tissues,the AP microbiome was quantitatively impacted by factors like fistula and high patient age and had a prominent riboflavin-expressing bacterial feature.When merged in an integrated view,the examined immune and microbiome data in the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis could identify bacterial relative abundances that negatively correlated with Vα7.2-Jα33,Cα,and IL-17A transcript expressions in AP,implying that MAIT cells could play a role in the local defence at the oral tissue barrier.In conclusion,we describe the presence of MAIT cells at the oral site where translocation of oral microbiota could take place.These findings have implications for understanding the immune sensing of polymicrobial-related oral diseases.
基金by Shaoxing Medical Key Discipline,China,No.2019SZD05.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone(MALT)lymphoma is a low-grade tumor that rarely occurs in the urinary bladder.There is currently no consensus on the common imaging findings or most appropriate treatment in MALT lymphoma in the urinary bladder due to the limited number of reports.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 1-year history of macroscopic hematuria.Imaging showed a large homogeneous mass with an unclear boundary and an irregular morphology in the bladder.The mass had an abundant blood supply.For further diagnosis,transurethral cystoscopic biopsy and bone marrow biopsy was performed,and the patient was finally diagnosed with primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder.R-CHOP chemotherapy was carried out.After three cycles of chemotherapy,the mass disappeared and the bladder wall thickness was only 4 mm,which indicated excellent therapeutic response to the chemotherapy.To date,the patient remains asymptomatic and she visits our hospital regularly for the completion of the remaining chemotherapy cycles.CONCLUSION Primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder is rare,and there are certain characteristics in the ultrasonographic findings.Imaging findings play an important role in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and are critical during long-term follow-up after therapy.
基金supported by the Peking University Clinical Scientist Program Special(BMU2019LCKXJ013)the National Natural Science Foundation Innovation Research Group Project(81721002)+2 种基金the Sanming Project of Medicine Project in Shenzhen(SZSM201612014)the Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects-Union Foundation by Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University(202001AY070001-154)the Scientific Research Fund of Education Department of Yunnan Province(2021J0297)。
文摘Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT) cells are systemically depleted in human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) infected patients and are not replenished even after successful combined antiretroviral therapy(cART).This study aimed to identify the mechanism underlying MAIT cell depletion.Methods: In the present study, we applied flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the characteristics of pyroptotic MAIT cells in a total of 127 HIV-1 infected individuals, including 69 treatment-naive patients, 28 complete responders, 15 immunological non-responders, and 15 elite controllers, at the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.Results: Single-cell transcriptomic profiles revealed that circulating MAIT cells from HIV-1 infected subjects were highly activated, with upregulation of pyroptosis-related genes. Further analysis revealed that increased frequencies of pyroptotic MAIT cells correlated with markers of systemic T-cell activation, microbial translocation, and intestinal damage in cART-naive patients and poor CD4+ T-cell recovery in long-term cART patients. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that MAIT cells in the gut mucosa of HIV-1 infected patients exhibited a strong active gasdermin-D(GSDMD, marker of pyroptosis) signal near the cavity side, suggesting that these MAIT cells underwent active pyroptosis in the colorectal mucosa. Increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-12(IL-12) and IL-18 were observed in HIV-1 infected patients. In addition, activated MAIT cells exhibited an increased pyroptotic phenotype after being triggered by HIV-1 virions, T-cell receptor signals, IL-12 plus IL-18, and combinations of these factors, in vitro.Conclusions: Activation-induced MAIT cell pyroptosis contributes to the loss of MAIT cells in HIV-1 infected patients,which could potentiate disease progression and poor immune reconstitution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970835)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(No.20Y11911200)。
文摘AIM: To study the clinical and pathological characteristics of the lacrimal sac lymphoma, which is rare but it is the major type of non-epithelial malignant tumor in the lacrimal sac region. METHODS: Sixty-four cases of malignant lacrimal sac tumors in our hospital from 1986 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Eight cases of lacrimal sac lymphoma were carefully reviewed. RESULTS: There were five mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphomas, one diffused large B-cell lymphoma, one NK/T cell lymphoma, and one mantle cell lymphoma. All eight patients represented symptoms of epiphora with swelling in the lacrimal sac for a certain period of time and showed no signs of systemic involvement at the first time of clinical visits. They had received either chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery. Long-term follow-up(from 11 to 220 mo) showed that, except one patient with MALT lymphoma died for unknown reasons at 104 mo after surgery, the other 7 patients were all alive with no signs of local recurrence, neither in other organs. CONCLUSION: Non-epithelial malignant tumors of the lacrimal sac are rare and lymphoma is the major subtype.
