BACKGROUND: Hepatic fungal infection is difficult to diagnose early because of the lack of related clinical knowledge. In this study, we analyzed the ultrasonic manifestations of hepatic fungal infection, in order to ...BACKGROUND: Hepatic fungal infection is difficult to diagnose early because of the lack of related clinical knowledge. In this study, we analyzed the ultrasonic manifestations of hepatic fungal infection, in order to determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonography. METHODS: In 8 patients with hepatic fungal infection, the results of color Doppler flow images (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) were compared with those of ultrasound-guided biopsy. RESULTS: In the 8 patients with pathologically proven hepatic fungal infection, 5 showed multiple hypoechoic lesions with unequal sizes in the liver, commonly less than 2 cm in diameter. Some of the hypoechoic lesions showed a hyperechoic strip in the periphery, while a minority showed a 'bull's eye' pattern, which is considered a typical manifestation of metastatic hepatic carcinoma. Solitary lesions in the right lobe of the liver were found in the other 3 patients. No blood flow signals were found in any lesions with CDFI. In the lesions a 'filling defect' pattern was shown by CEUS, indicating no enhancement in the arterial phase, the portal vein phase and the delayed phase, except for 3 patients, in whom the lesions were slightly enhanced in the periphery during the early arterial phase. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic fungal infection is characterized by an ultrasonic manifestation of multiple hypoechoic lesions with inequal size. A small number of lesions may show a characteristic 'bull's eye' appearance. Moreover, a 'filling defect' pattern on CEUS is helpful to make a correct diagnosis. In addition, ultrasound-guided biopsy is an important method for accurate diagnosis of hepatic fungal infection.展开更多
In this paper,a sliding mode observer scheme of sensor fault diagnosis is proposed for a class of time delay nonlinear systems with input uncertainty based on neural network.The sensor fault and the system input uncer...In this paper,a sliding mode observer scheme of sensor fault diagnosis is proposed for a class of time delay nonlinear systems with input uncertainty based on neural network.The sensor fault and the system input uncertainty are assumed to be unknown but bounded.The radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used to approximate the sensor fault.Based on the output of the RBF neural network,the sliding mode observer is presented.Using the Lyapunov method,a criterion for stability is given in terms of matrix inequality.Finally,an example is given for illustrating the availability of the fault diagnosis based on the proposed sliding mode observer.展开更多
A new time-resolved shifted dual transmission grating spectrometer （SDTGS） is designed and fabricated in this work. This SDTGS uses a new shifted dual transmission grating （SDTG） as its dispersive component, which...A new time-resolved shifted dual transmission grating spectrometer （SDTGS） is designed and fabricated in this work. This SDTGS uses a new shifted dual transmission grating （SDTG） as its dispersive component, which has two sub transmission gratings with different line densities, of 2000 lines/mm and 5000 lines/mm. The axes of the two sub transmission gratings in SDTG are horizontally and vertically shifted a certain distance to measure a broad range of 0.1-5 keV time-resolved X-ray spectra. The SDTG has been calibrated with a soft X-ray beam of the synchrotron radiation facility and its diffraction efficiency is also measured. The designed SDTGS can take full use of the space on a record panel and improve the precision for measuring spatial and temporal spectrum simultaneously. It will be a promising application for accurate diagnosis of the soft X-ray spectrum in inertial confinement fusion.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: Hepatic fungal infection is difficult to diagnose early because of the lack of related clinical knowledge. In this study, we analyzed the ultrasonic manifestations of hepatic fungal infection, in order to determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonography. METHODS: In 8 patients with hepatic fungal infection, the results of color Doppler flow images (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) were compared with those of ultrasound-guided biopsy. RESULTS: In the 8 patients with pathologically proven hepatic fungal infection, 5 showed multiple hypoechoic lesions with unequal sizes in the liver, commonly less than 2 cm in diameter. Some of the hypoechoic lesions showed a hyperechoic strip in the periphery, while a minority showed a 'bull's eye' pattern, which is considered a typical manifestation of metastatic hepatic carcinoma. Solitary lesions in the right lobe of the liver were found in the other 3 patients. No blood flow signals were found in any lesions with CDFI. In the lesions a 'filling defect' pattern was shown by CEUS, indicating no enhancement in the arterial phase, the portal vein phase and the delayed phase, except for 3 patients, in whom the lesions were slightly enhanced in the periphery during the early arterial phase. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic fungal infection is characterized by an ultrasonic manifestation of multiple hypoechoic lesions with inequal size. A small number of lesions may show a characteristic 'bull's eye' appearance. Moreover, a 'filling defect' pattern on CEUS is helpful to make a correct diagnosis. In addition, ultrasound-guided biopsy is an important method for accurate diagnosis of hepatic fungal infection.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.SBK20082815)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No.20075152014)
文摘In this paper,a sliding mode observer scheme of sensor fault diagnosis is proposed for a class of time delay nonlinear systems with input uncertainty based on neural network.The sensor fault and the system input uncertainty are assumed to be unknown but bounded.The radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used to approximate the sensor fault.Based on the output of the RBF neural network,the sliding mode observer is presented.Using the Lyapunov method,a criterion for stability is given in terms of matrix inequality.Finally,an example is given for illustrating the availability of the fault diagnosis based on the proposed sliding mode observer.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11405158 and 11435011)Development Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics(Nos.2014B0102011 and 2014B0102012)
文摘A new time-resolved shifted dual transmission grating spectrometer （SDTGS） is designed and fabricated in this work. This SDTGS uses a new shifted dual transmission grating （SDTG） as its dispersive component, which has two sub transmission gratings with different line densities, of 2000 lines/mm and 5000 lines/mm. The axes of the two sub transmission gratings in SDTG are horizontally and vertically shifted a certain distance to measure a broad range of 0.1-5 keV time-resolved X-ray spectra. The SDTG has been calibrated with a soft X-ray beam of the synchrotron radiation facility and its diffraction efficiency is also measured. The designed SDTGS can take full use of the space on a record panel and improve the precision for measuring spatial and temporal spectrum simultaneously. It will be a promising application for accurate diagnosis of the soft X-ray spectrum in inertial confinement fusion.
