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Targeted regeneration and upcycling of spent graphite by defect‐driven tin nucleation 被引量:1
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作者 Zhiheng Cheng Zhiling Luo +7 位作者 Hao Zhang Wuxing Zhang Wang Gao Yang Zhang Long Qie Yonggang Yao Yunhui Huang Kun Kelvin Fu 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期91-103,共13页
The recycling of spent batteries has become increasingly important owing to their wide applications,abundant raw material supply,and sustainable development.Compared with the degraded cathode,spent anode graphite ofte... The recycling of spent batteries has become increasingly important owing to their wide applications,abundant raw material supply,and sustainable development.Compared with the degraded cathode,spent anode graphite often has a relatively intact structure with few defects after long cycling.Yet,most spent graphite is simply burned or discarded due to its limited value and inferior performance on using conventional recycling methods that are complex,have low efficiency,and fail in performance restoration.Herein,we propose a fast,efficient,and“intelligent”strategy to regenerate and upcycle spent graphite based on defect‐driven targeted remediation.Using Sn as a nanoscale healant,we used rapid heating(~50 ms)to enable dynamic Sn droplets to automatically nucleate around the surface defects on the graphite upon cooling owing to strong binding to the defects(~5.84 eV/atom),thus simultaneously achieving Sn dispersion and graphite remediation.As a result,the regenerated graphite showed enhanced capacity and cycle stability(458.9 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1) after 100 cycles),superior to those of commercial graphite.Benefiting from the self‐adaption of Sn dispersion,spent graphite with different degrees of defects can be regenerated to similar structures and performance.EverBatt analysis indicates that targeted regeneration and upcycling have significantly lower energy consumption(~99%reduction)and near‐zero CO_(2) emission,and yield much higher profit than hydrometallurgy,which opens a new avenue for direct upcycling of spend graphite in an efficient,green,and profitable manner for sustainable battery manufacture. 展开更多
关键词 battery recycling spent graphite targeted regeneration upcycling graphite
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Recycled graphite for more sustainable lithium-ion batteries
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作者 Mayokun Olutogun Anna Vanderbruggen +5 位作者 Christoph Frey Martin Rudolph Dominic Bresser Stefano Passerini Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU) Ulm 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期15-24,共10页
The demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is driven largely by their use in electric vehicles,which is projected to increase dramatically in the future.This great success,however,urgently calls for the efficient recyc... The demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is driven largely by their use in electric vehicles,which is projected to increase dramatically in the future.This great success,however,urgently calls for the efficient recycling of LIBs at the end of their life.Herein,we describe a froth flotation-based process to recycle graphite—the predominant active material for the negative electrode—from spent LIBs and investigate its reuse in newly assembled LIBs.It has been found that the structure and morphology of the recycled graphite are essentially unchanged compared to pristine commercial anode-grade graphite,and despite some minor impurities from the recycling process,the recycled graphite provides a remarkable reversible specific capacity of more than 350 mAh g^(−1).Even more importantly,newly assembled graphite‖NMC532 cells show excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 80%after 1000 cycles,that is,comparable to the performance of reference full cells comprising pristine commercial graphite. 展开更多
关键词 ANODE graphite lithium-ion battery RECYCLING SUSTAINABILITY
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Spent graphite regeneration:Exploring diverse repairing manners with impurities-catalyzing effect towards high performance and low energy consumption
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作者 Yu Dong Zihao Zeng +7 位作者 Zhengqiao Yuan Bing Wang Hai Lei Wenqing Zhao Wuyun Ai Lingchao Kong Yue Yang Peng Ge 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期656-669,共14页
Spent battery recycling has received considerable attention because of its economic and environmental potential.A large amount of retired graphite has been produced as the main electrode material,accompanied by a deta... Spent battery recycling has received considerable attention because of its economic and environmental potential.A large amount of retired graphite has been produced as the main electrode material,accompanied by a detailed exploration of the repair mechanism.However,they still suffer from unclear repair mechanisms and physicochemical evolution.In this study,spent graphite was repaired employing three methodologies:pickling-sintering,pyrogenic-recovery,and high-temperature sintering.Owing to the catalytic effect of the metal-based impurities and temperature control,the as-obtained samples displayed an ordered transformation,including the interlayer distance,crystalline degree,and grain size.As anodes of lithium ions batteries,the capacity of repaired samples reached up to 310 mA h g^(-1)above after 300loops at 1.0 C,similar to that of commercial graphite.Meanwhile,benefitting from the effective assembly of carbon atoms in internal structure of graphite at>1400℃,their initial coulombic efficiency were>87%.Even at 2.0 C,the capacity of samples remained approximately 244 mA h g^(-1)after 500 cycles.Detailed electrochemical and kinetic analyses revealed that a low temperature enhanced the isotropy,thereby enhancing the rate properties.Further,economic and environmental analyses revealed that the revenue obtained through suitable pyrogenic-recovering manners was approximately the largest value(5500$t^(-1)).Thus,this study is expected to clarify the in-depth effect of different repair methods on the traits of graphite,while offering all-round evaluations of repaired graphite. 展开更多
关键词 Spent graphite regeneration REPAIR Temperature treatment
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Growth kinetics of titanium carbide coating by molten salt synthesis process on graphite sheet surface
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作者 Xiaoyu Shi Chongxiao Guo +4 位作者 Jiamiao Ni Songsong Yao Liqiang Wang Yue Liu Tongxiang Fan 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期1858-1864,共7页
The synthesis of carbide coatings on graphite substrates using molten salt synthesis(MSS),has garnered significant interest due to its cost-effective nature.This study investigates the reaction process and growth kine... The synthesis of carbide coatings on graphite substrates using molten salt synthesis(MSS),has garnered significant interest due to its cost-effective nature.This study investigates the reaction process and growth kinetics involved in MSS,shedding light on key aspects of the process.The involvement of Ti powder through liquid-phase mass transfer is revealed,where the diffusion distance and quantity of Ti powder play a crucial role in determining the reaction rate by influencing the C content gradient on both sides of the carbide.Furthermore,the growth kinetics of the carbide coating are predominantly governed by the diffusion behavior of C within the carbide layer,rather than the chemical reaction rate.To analyze the kinetics,the thickness of the carbide layer is measured with respect to heat treatment time and temperature,unveiling a parabolic relationship within the temperature range of 700-1300℃.The estimated activation energy for the reaction is determined to be 179283 J·mol^(-1).These findings offer valuable insights into the synthesis of carbide coatings via MSS,facilitating their optimization and enhancing our understanding of their growth mechanisms and properties for various applications. 展开更多
关键词 titanium carbide graphite molten salt kinetic analysis
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An efficient recycling strategy to eliminate the residual“impurities”while heal the damaged structure of spent graphite anodes
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作者 Dan Yang Ying Yang +7 位作者 Haoran Du Yongsheng Ji Mingyuan Ma Yujun Pan Xiaoqun Qi Quan Sun Kaiyuan Shi Long Qie 《Green Energy & Environment》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1027-1034,共8页
The recycling of graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is overlooked due to its relatively low added value and the lack of efficient recovering methods.To reuse the spent graphite anodes,we need to eliminate ... The recycling of graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is overlooked due to its relatively low added value and the lack of efficient recovering methods.To reuse the spent graphite anodes,we need to eliminate their useless components(mainly the degraded solid electrolyte interphase,SEI)and reconstruct their damaged structure.Herein,a facile and efficient strategy is proposed to recycle the spent graphite on the basis of the careful investigation of the composition of the cycled graphite anodes and the rational design of the regeneration processes.The regenerated graphite,which is revitalized by calcination treatment and acid leaching,delivers superb rate performance and a high specific capacity of 370 mAh g^(-1)(~99% of its theoretical capacity)after 100 cycles at 0.1 C,superior to the commercial graphite anodes.The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to unchoked Li^(+) transport channels and enhanced charge transfer reaction due to the effective destruction of the degraded SEI and the full recovery of the damaged structure of the spent graphite.This work clarifies that the electrochemical performance of the regenerated graphite could be deteriorated by even a trace amount of the residual“impurity”and provides a facile method for the efficient regeneration of graphite anodes. 展开更多
关键词 graphite ANODE REGENERATION Solid electrolyte interphase Spent lithium-ion battery
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Edge and lithium concentration effects on intercalation kinetics for graphite anodes
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作者 Keming Zhu Denis Kramer Chao Peng 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期337-347,I0009,共12页
Graphite interfaces are an important part of the anode in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),significantly influencing Li intercalation kinetics.Graphite anodes adopt different stacking sequences depending on the concentrati... Graphite interfaces are an important part of the anode in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),significantly influencing Li intercalation kinetics.Graphite anodes adopt different stacking sequences depending on the concentration of the intercalated Li ions.In this work,we performed first-principles calculations to comprehensively address the energetics and dynamics of Li intercalation and Li vacancy diffusion near the no n-basal edges of graphite,namely the armchair and zigzag-edges,at high Li concentration.We find that surface effects persist in stage-Ⅱ that bind Li strongly at the edge sites.However,the pronounced effect previously identified at the zigzag edge of pristine graphite is reduced in LiC_(12),penetrating only to the subsurface site,and eventually disappearing in LiC_(6).Consequently,the distinctive surface state at the zigzag edge significantly impacts and restrains the charging rate at the initial lithiation of graphite anodes,whilst diminishes with an increasing degree of lithiation.Longer diffusion time for Li hopping to the bulk site from either the zigzag edge or the armchair edge in LiC_(6) was observed during high state of charge due to charge repulsion.Effectively controlling Li occupation and diffusion kinetics at this stage is also crucial for enhancing the charge rate. 展开更多
关键词 graphite anode EDGE Interface Lithium-ion batteries Density functional theory
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Thermal fatigue and wear of compacted graphite iron brake discs with various thermomechanical properties
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作者 Gui-quan Wang Zhuo Xu +2 位作者 Zhong-li Liu Xiang Chen Yan-xiang Li 《China Foundry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期248-256,共9页
The increase in payload capacity of trucks has heightened the demand for cost-effective yet high performance brake discs.In this work,the thermal fatigue and wear of compacted graphite iron brake discs were investigat... The increase in payload capacity of trucks has heightened the demand for cost-effective yet high performance brake discs.In this work,the thermal fatigue and wear of compacted graphite iron brake discs were investigated,aiming to provide an experimental foundation for achieving a balance between their thermal and mechanical properties.Compacted graphite iron brake discs with different tensile strengths,macrohardnesses,specific heat capacities and thermal diffusion coefficients were produced by changing the proportion and strength of ferrite.The peak temperature,pressure load and friction coefficient of compacted graphite iron brake discs were analyzed through inertia friction tests.The morphology of thermal cracks and 3D profiles of the worn surfaces were also discussed.It is found that the thermal fatigue of compacted graphite iron discs is determined by their thermal properties.A compacted graphite iron with the highest specific heat capacity and thermal diffusion coefficient exhibits optimal thermal fatigue resistance.Oxidization of the matrix at low temperatures significantly weakens the function of alloy strengthening in hindering the propagation of thermal cracks.Despite the reduced hardness,increasing the ferrite proportion can mitigate wear loss resulting from low disc temperatures and the absence of abrasive wear. 展开更多
关键词 compacted graphite iron brake disc thermomechanical properties thermal fatigue WEAR
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Residual fluoride self-activated effect enabling upgraded utilization of recycled graphite anode
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作者 Shuzhe Yang Qingqing Gao +7 位作者 Yukun Li Hongwei Cai Xiaodan Li Gaoxing Sun Shuxin Zhuang Yujin Tong Hao Luo Mi Lu 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期24-31,I0002,共9页
Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure... Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure and performance.Herein,the residual fluoride self-activated effect is proposed for the upgraded utilization of RG.Simple and low-energy water immersion treatment not only widens the interlayer spacing,but also retains appropriate fluoride on the surface of RG.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the residual fluoride can optimize Li~+migration and deposition kinetics,resulting in better Li~+intercalation/deintercalation in the interlayer and more stable Li metal plating/stripping on the surface of RG,As a result,the designed LFP||RG full cells achieve ultrahigh reversibility(~100%Coulombic efficiency),high capacity retention(67%after 200 cycles,0.85 N/P ratio),and commendable adaptability(stable cycling without short-circuiting,0.15 N/P ratio).The energy density is improved from 334 Wh kg^(-1)of 1.1 N/P ratio to 367 Wh kg^(-1)of 0.85 N/P ratio(total mass based on cathode and anode).The exploration of RG by residual fluoride self-activated effect achieves upgraded utilization beyond fresh commercial graphite and highlights a new strategy for efficient reuse of SLIBs. 展开更多
关键词 Spent lithium-ion batteries Recycled graphite anode FLUORIDE Self-activated effect Upgraded utilization
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Protective Graphite Coating for Two-Dimensional Carbon/Carbon Composites
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作者 Wei Shi Zhengyi Li +3 位作者 Xiaobing Xu Yingshui Yu Xiaofei Ding Heng Ju 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2024年第1期97-108,共12页
Two-dimensional carbon/carbon(2D C/C)composites are a special class of carbon/carbon composites,generally obtained by combining resin-impregnated carbon fiber clothes,which are then cured and carbonized.This study dea... Two-dimensional carbon/carbon(2D C/C)composites are a special class of carbon/carbon composites,generally obtained by combining resin-impregnated carbon fiber clothes,which are then cured and carbonized.This study deals with the preparation of a protective coating for these materials.This coating,based on graphite,was prepared by the slurry method.The effect of graphite and phenolic resin powders with different weight ratios was examined.The results have shown that the coating slurry can fill the pores and cracks of the composite surface,thereby densifying the surface layer of the material.With the increase of the graphite powder/phenolic resin weight ratio,the coating density is enhanced while the coating surface flatness decreases;moreover,the protective ability of coating against erosion first increases(from 1:3 to 2:2)and then decreases(from 2:2 to 3:1).When the weight ratio is about 1:1,the coating for 2D C/C composites exhibits the best erosion resistance,which greatly aids these materials during gas quenching.In this case,the erosion rate is decreased by approximately 41.5%at the impact angle of 30°and 52.3%at normal impact,respectively.This can be attributed to the ability of the coating slurry to infiltrate into the substrate,thereby bonding the fibers together and increasing the compactness of the 2D C/C composites. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon/carbon composites graphite coating MICROSTRUCTURE erosion resistance
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Probing the electric double layer structure at nitrogen-doped graphite electrodes by constant-potential molecular dynamics simulations
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作者 Legeng Yu Nan Yao +5 位作者 Yu-Chen Gao Zhong-Heng Fu Bo Jiang Ruiping Li Cheng Tang Xiang Chen 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期299-305,I0008,共8页
Electric double layer(EDL)is a critical topic in electrochemistry and largely determines the working performance of lithium batteries.However,atomic insights into the EDL structures on heteroatom-modified graphite ano... Electric double layer(EDL)is a critical topic in electrochemistry and largely determines the working performance of lithium batteries.However,atomic insights into the EDL structures on heteroatom-modified graphite anodes and EDL evolution with electrode potential are very lacking.Herein,a constant-potential molecular dynamics(CPMD)method is proposed to probe the EDL structure under working conditions,taking N-doped graphite electrodes and carbonate electrolytes as an example.An interface model was developed,incorporating the electrode potential and atom electronegativities.As a result,an insightful atomic scenario for the EDL structure under varied electrode potentials has been established,which unveils the important role of doping sites in regulating both the EDL structures and the following electrochemical reactions at the atomic level.Specifically,the negatively charged N atoms repel the anions and adsorb Li~+at high and low potentials,respectively.Such preferential adsorption suggests that Ndoped graphite can promote Li~+desolvation and regulate the location of Li~+deposition.This CPMD method not only unveils the mysterious function of N-doping from the viewpoint of EDL at the atomic level but also applies to probe the interfacial structure on other complicated electrodes. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium batteries graphite N-DOPING Electric double layer Molecular dynamics Constant potential method Electrode potential
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Upcycling the spent graphite/LiCoO_(2) batteries for high-voltage graphite/LiCoPO_(4)-co-workable dual-ion batteries
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作者 Miao Du Hongyan Lü +5 位作者 Kaidi Du Shuohang Zheng Xiaotong Wang Xiaotong Deng Ronghua Zeng Xinglong Wu 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期1745-1751,共7页
The worldwide proliferation of portable electronics has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,traditional recycling methods still have limitations because of such h... The worldwide proliferation of portable electronics has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,traditional recycling methods still have limitations because of such huge amounts of spent LIBs.Therefore,we proposed an ecofriendly and sustainable double recycling strategy to concurrently reuse the cathode(LiCoO_(2))and anode(graphite)materials of spent LIBs and recycled LiCoPO_(4)/graphite(RLCPG)in Li^(+)/PF^(-)_(6) co-de/intercalation dual-ion batteries.The recycle-derived dualion batteries of Li/RLCPG show impressive electrochemical performance,with an appropriate discharge capacity of 86.2 mAh·g^(-1) at25 mA·g^(-1) and 69%capacity retention after 400 cycles.Dual recycling of the cathode and anode from spent LIBs avoids wastage of resources and yields cathode materials with excellent performance,thereby offering an ecofriendly and sustainable way to design novel secondary batteries. 展开更多
关键词 RECYCLE lithium cobalt oxide lithium cobalt phosphate graphite dual-ion batteries spent lithium-ion batteries
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Effect of FeSi additive in dual-chamber sample cup on thermal analysis characteristic values and vermiculating rate of compacted graphite iron
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作者 De-quan Shi Ze-yu Liu +1 位作者 Gui-li Gao Yi-cheng Feng 《China Foundry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期91-100,共10页
Thermal analysis plays a key role in the online inspection of molten iron quality.Different solidification process of molten iron can be reflected by thermal analysis curves,and silicon is one of important elements af... Thermal analysis plays a key role in the online inspection of molten iron quality.Different solidification process of molten iron can be reflected by thermal analysis curves,and silicon is one of important elements affecting the solidification of molten iron.In this study,FeSi75 was added in one chamber of the dual-chamber sample cup,and the influences of FeSi75 additive on the characteristic values of thermal analysis curves and vermiculating rate were investigated.The results show that with the increase of FeSi75,the start temperature of austenite formation TALfirstly decreases and then increases,but the start temperature of eutectic growth TSEF,the lowest eutectic temperature TEU,temperature at maximum eutectic reaction rate TEM,and highest eutectic temperature TERkeep always an increase.The temperature at final solidification point TEShas little change.The FeSi75 additive has different influences on the vermiculating rate of molten iron with different vermiculation,and the vermiculating rate increases for lower vermiculation molten iron while decreases for higher one.According to the thermal analysis curves obtained by a dual-chamber sample cup with 0.30wt.%FeSi75 additive in one chamber,the vermiculating rate of molten iron can be evaluated by comparing the characteristic values of these curves.The time differenceΔtERcorresponding to the highest eutectic temperature TERhas a closer relationship with the vermiculating rate,and a parabolic regression curve between the time differenceΔtERand vermiculating rateηhas been obtained within the range of 65%to 95%,which is suitable for the qualified melt. 展开更多
关键词 FeSi75 additive characteristic value vermiculating rate thermal analysis compacted graphite iron
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Multiple-dimensioned defect engineering for graphite felt electrode of vanadium redox flow battery
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作者 Yingqiao Jiang Yinhui Wang +7 位作者 Gang Cheng Yuehua Li Lei Dai Jing Zhu Wei Meng Jingyu Xi Ling Wang Zhangxing He 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期143-153,共11页
The scarcity of wettability,insufficient active sites,and low surface area of graphite felt(GF)have long been suppressing the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Herein,an ultra-homogeneous multipledim... The scarcity of wettability,insufficient active sites,and low surface area of graphite felt(GF)have long been suppressing the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Herein,an ultra-homogeneous multipledimensioned defect,including nano-scale etching and atomic-scale N,O codoping,was used to modify GF by the molten salt system.NH_(4)Cl and KClO_(3) were added simultaneously to the system to obtain porous N/O co-doped electrode(GF/ON),where KClO_(3) was used to ultra-homogeneously etch,and O-functionalize electrode,and NH4Cl was used as N dopant,respectively.GF/ON presents better electrochemical catalysis for VO_(2)+/VO_(2)+ and V3+/V2+ reactions than only O-functionalized electrodes(GF/O)and GF.The enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to an increase in active sites,surface area,and wettability,as well as the synergistic effect of N and O,which is also supported by the density functional theory calculations.Further,the cell using GF/ON shows higher discharge capacity,energy efficiency,and stability for cycling performance than the pristine cell at 140 mA cm^(−2) for 200 cycles.Moreover,the energy efficiency of the modified cell is increased by 9.7% from 55.2% for the pristine cell at 260 mA cm^(−2).Such an ultra-homogeneous etching with N and O co-doping through“boiling”molten salt medium provides an effective and practical application potential way to prepare superior electrodes for VRFB. 展开更多
关键词 graphite felt molten salt N O co-doping ultra-homogeneous etching vanadium redox flow battery
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Recent Advances in Interface Modification of Cu/graphite Composites and Layered Ternary Carbides of Modified Layer Candidate
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作者 WEI Hongming LI Mingchao +4 位作者 LI Xiaoya ZHAN Wenyi LI Feiyang DAI Yanzhang ZOU Jianpeng 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期1061-1072,共12页
We review the fundamental properties and significant issues related to Cu/graphite composites.In particular,recent research on the interfacial modification of Cu/graphite composites is addressed,including the metal-mo... We review the fundamental properties and significant issues related to Cu/graphite composites.In particular,recent research on the interfacial modification of Cu/graphite composites is addressed,including the metal-modified layer,carbide-modified layer,and combined modified layer.Additionally,we propose the use of ternary layered carbide as an interface modification layer for Cu/graphite composites. 展开更多
关键词 Cu/graphite composites interfacial bonding surface modification WETTABILITY layered ternary carbides
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Graphite Carbone Structure
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作者 Lahbib Abbas Lahcen Bih +3 位作者 Khalid Yamni Abderrahim Elyahyaouy Abdelmalik El Attaoui Zahra Ramzi 《Crystal Structure Theory and Applications》 2024年第1期1-10,共10页
Carbon graphite is a crystalline form of carbon consisting of layers of hexagonal carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional “graphene” structure. Graphene layers are stacked on top of each other, forming a three-di... Carbon graphite is a crystalline form of carbon consisting of layers of hexagonal carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional “graphene” structure. Graphene layers are stacked on top of each other, forming a three-dimensional structure with a high degree of anisotropy. The carbon atoms within each layer are linked together by strong covalent bonds, creating a strong, stable lattice structure. However, the layers themselves are held together by weak van der Waals forces, enabling them to slide easily over each other. The properties of carbon graphite are highly dependent on the orientation and alignment of the graphene layers. When the layers are aligned parallel to each other, the material exhibits high strength and stiffness along the alignment direction, but is weaker and more flexible in other directions. Carbon graphite is used in a variety of applications where high strength, rigidity and electrical conductivity are required. Some common applications include electrical contacts, electric motor brushes, and as a structural material in aerospace and defense applications. The aim of our work is to describe the structure of graphite, its physical and chemical properties and its applications. 展开更多
关键词 graphite GRAPHENE Hexagonal Structure HARDNESS RIGIDITY Electrical Con-ductivity
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Effect of ZrC Modified Graphite on Structure and Properties of Low-carbon Al_(2)O_(3)-C Refractories
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作者 HU Chen WANG Xing +3 位作者 LIU Zhenglong DING Jun YU Chao DENG Chengji 《China's Refractories》 CAS 2024年第1期18-22,共5页
To address the issues of reduced performance and shortened lifespan during the low-carbonizating process of Al_(2)O_(3)-C refractories,nano-crystalline ZrC modified graphite was prepared using Zr powder and flake grap... To address the issues of reduced performance and shortened lifespan during the low-carbonizating process of Al_(2)O_(3)-C refractories,nano-crystalline ZrC modified graphite was prepared using Zr powder and flake graphite as raw materials,with NaCl and NaF mixed salt serving as the medium.The flake graphite was gradually replaced by ZrC modified graphite in the preparation of Al_(2)O_(3)-C refractories,and its impact on the material’s structure and properties was investigated.The results indicate that,compared to samples with only flake graphite,the introduction of 1 mass%to 5 mass%nano-crystalline ZrC modified graphite can significantly enhance the mechanical performance of low-carbon Al_(2)O_(3)-C refractories.When 5 mass%ZrC modified graphite is added,the mechanical properties of the samples are optimal,with the cold modulus of rupture and elastic modulus reaching 22.5 MPa and 65.0 GPa,respectively. 展开更多
关键词 ZRC modified graphite low-carbon Al_(2)O_(3)-C refractories microstrcucture mechanical properties
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Electrochemical Degradation of Indigocarmine Dye at Ni/Graphite Modified Electrode in Aqueous Solution
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作者 Kodenakoppalu Mahadevappa Chaithra Hiremarali Sathyanarayana Sindhushree Bellale Marigowda Venkatesha 《Modern Research in Catalysis》 2024年第3期39-54,共16页
Nickel Graphite modified electrode (Ni/GME) was prepared by electrochemical method and degradation of Indigocarmine (IC) dye was carried out. An investigation between the efficiency of degradation by graphite electrod... Nickel Graphite modified electrode (Ni/GME) was prepared by electrochemical method and degradation of Indigocarmine (IC) dye was carried out. An investigation between the efficiency of degradation by graphite electrode and the Ni/graphite modified electrode has been carried out. The different effects of concentration, current density and temperature on the rate of degradation were studied. This study shows that the rate of the degradation is more for Ni doped modified graphite electrode. UV-Visible spectra before and after degradation of the dye solution were observed. The thin film formation of Ni or encapsulated in graphite rod is observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM & EDAX). The instantaneous current effectiveness values of different experimental conditions are evaluated. The anodic oxidation by Ni/ graphite modified electrode showed the complete degradation of aqueous solution indigocarmine, which is confirmed by UV-Visible and chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements. The dye is converted into CO2, H2O and simpler inorganic salts. The results observed for reuse of modified electrodes indicate that the Ni/graphite modified electrode would be a promising anode for electrochemical degradation of indigocarmine. This method can be applied for the remediation of waste water containing organics, cost-effective and simple. 展开更多
关键词 Indigocarmine (IC) Dye Nickel graphite Modified Electrode (Ni/GME) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Instantaneous Current Efficiency (ICE)
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益生菌发酵黄芪对LPS诱导的人正常结肠上皮细胞NCM-460氧化损伤保护作用的机制研究
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作者 王萍 王长福 +2 位作者 韩士林 匡海学 王秋红 《天然产物研究与开发》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第9期1464-1471,共8页
探究益生菌发酵黄芪(fermented Astragali Radix,F-As)与黄芪(Astragali Radix,As)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的肠道细胞NCM-460氧化损伤的保护作用及其分子机制。利用MTT法确定了LPS、As和F-As的工作浓度;分别检测并比较了... 探究益生菌发酵黄芪(fermented Astragali Radix,F-As)与黄芪(Astragali Radix,As)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的肠道细胞NCM-460氧化损伤的保护作用及其分子机制。利用MTT法确定了LPS、As和F-As的工作浓度;分别检测并比较了LPS组、As+LPS组和F-As+LPS组,细胞中氧化应激相关指标、抗氧化相关基因在转录水平和蛋白水平表达的变化。与Con组相比,LPS组的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)增加(P<0.01),而细胞的存活率、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)以及细胞中的抗氧化基因在转录水平和蛋白水平均显著降低(P<0.01);而As+LPS组和F-As+LPS组,细胞中的ROS和MDA水平降低(P<0.01),细胞的存活率GSH、SOD、T-AOC以及抗氧化基因在转录和蛋白水平得到恢复(P<0.01),且与As+LPS组相比,F-As+LPS组恢复得更显著(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,As和F-As均可以通过激活抗氧化基因的表达,清除细胞内过多的ROS和MDA,从而对LPS诱导的细胞氧化损伤起到保护作用,且F-As优于As。 展开更多
关键词 黄芪 益生菌发酵 脂多糖 ncm-460细胞 氧化损伤
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进程可编辑的NCM前驱体洗分装置自动控制系统的设计与应用
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作者 才超 《有色设备》 2024年第2期52-58,共7页
NCM三元镍钴锰正极材料与钴酸锂正极材料相比,具有成本低、环保性好、容量高、循环性能好等优势,被称为是第三代锂离子电池正极材料。从三元湿料到干料过程中,主要包括过滤、陈化、洗涤、吹干、输送等工序。本文结合实际项目,介绍一种... NCM三元镍钴锰正极材料与钴酸锂正极材料相比,具有成本低、环保性好、容量高、循环性能好等优势,被称为是第三代锂离子电池正极材料。从三元湿料到干料过程中,主要包括过滤、陈化、洗涤、吹干、输送等工序。本文结合实际项目,介绍一种以板框压滤机为洗分工序的主体设备,配合阀站、仪表和控制系统,经由螺旋输送至干区直至包装,洗分工序涉及进浆、压榨、洗涤、吹干、输送等工序。该系统克服了传统洗分方式需要大量的现场人员干预,操作繁琐、指标不稳定的缺点,在实际应用中取得了良好的使用效果,实现了三元锂离子电池正极前驱体洗分系统的无人监管、自动控制,稳定了生产工艺流程,减少了现场人员工作量。 展开更多
关键词 ncm三元材料 正极材料 锂离子电池 洗分系统 湿法冶炼 阀站 自动控制系统
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全固态硫化物锂电池中NCM正极及其界面研究 被引量:1
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作者 郭邦军 贾理男 张希 《化工学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期743-759,共17页
采用硫化物电解质的全固态锂电池被视作解决传统液态锂电池安全问题与能量密度提升的最有效方案。正极材料作为锂电池的主要组成部分之一,很大程度上决定着全固态锂电池的基本性能。镍钴锰酸锂(NCM)三元体系正极材料因具备能量密度较高... 采用硫化物电解质的全固态锂电池被视作解决传统液态锂电池安全问题与能量密度提升的最有效方案。正极材料作为锂电池的主要组成部分之一,很大程度上决定着全固态锂电池的基本性能。镍钴锰酸锂(NCM)三元体系正极材料因具备能量密度较高和成本较低的优点,以及与硫化物电解质的可兼容性而受到广泛关注。然而,NCM三元材料存在安全性低、循环稳定性差等缺点,与硫化物电解质接触界面仍存在许多问题亟待解决。因此,分析和研究NCM三元正极材料的结构组成和界面优化,对于提高全固态锂电池稳定性和安全性具有重要的意义。聚焦于当前主流三元正极材料以及与硫化物固态电解质界面问题的匹配性研究,阐述了NCM三元正极材料在全固态锂电池应用中所面临的挑战、解决策略和发展机遇,并对NCM三元正极的进一步发展和应用提出展望。 展开更多
关键词 全固态锂离子电池 ncm正极 硫化物电解质 正极/电解质界面
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