Verticillium wilt(VW),induced by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae(Vd),poses a substantial threat to a diverse array of plant species.Employing molecular breeding technology for the development of cotton vari...Verticillium wilt(VW),induced by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae(Vd),poses a substantial threat to a diverse array of plant species.Employing molecular breeding technology for the development of cotton varieties with heightened resistance to VW stands out as one of the most efficacious protective measures.In this study,we successfully generated two stable transgenic lines of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),VdThitRNAi-1 and VdThit-RNAi-2,using host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)technology to introduce double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)targeting the thiamine transporter protein gene(VdThit).Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of a single-copy insertion in each line.Microscopic examination showed marked reductions in the colonization and spread of Vd-mCherry in the roots of VdThit-RNAi cotton compared to wild type(WT).The corresponding disease index and fungal biomass of VdThit-RNAi-1/2 also exhibited significant reductions.Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis demonstrated a substantial inhibition of VdThit expression following prolonged inoculation of VdThit-RNAi cotton.Small RNA sequencing(sRNA-Seq)analysis revealed the generation of a substantial number of VdThit-specific siRNAs in the VdThit-RNAi transgenic lines.Additionally,the silencing of VdThit by the siVdThit produced by VdThit-RNAi-1/2 resulted in the elevated expression of multiple genes involved in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway in Vd.Under field conditions,VdThit-RNAi transgenic cotton exhibited significantly enhanced disease resistance and yield compared with WT.In summary,our findings underscore the efficacy of HIGS targeting VdThit in restraining the infection and spread of Vd in cotton,thereby potentially enabling the development of cotton breeding as a promising strategy for managing VW.展开更多
The SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transporter)family proteins are a recently identified class of sugar transporters that are essential for various physiological processes.Although the functions of the SWEET p...The SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transporter)family proteins are a recently identified class of sugar transporters that are essential for various physiological processes.Although the functions of the SWEET proteins have been identified in a number of species,to date,there have been no reports of the functions of the SWEET genes in woodland strawberries(Fragaria vesca).In this study,we identified 15 genes that were highly homolo-gous to the A.thaliana AtSWEET genes and designated them as FvSWEET1–FvSWEET15.We then conducted a structural and evolutionary analysis of these 15 FvSWEET genes.The phylogenetic analysis enabled us to categor-ize the predicted 15 SWEET proteins into four distinct groups.We observed slight variations in the exon‒intron structures of these genes,while the motifs and domain structures remained highly conserved.Additionally,the developmental and biological stress expression profiles of the 15 FvSWEET genes were extracted and analyzed.Finally,WGCNA coexpression network analysis was run to search for possible interacting genes of FvSWEET genes.The results showed that the FvSWEET10 genes interacted with 20 other genes,playing roles in response to bacterial and fungal infections.The outcomes of this study provide insights into the further study of FvSWEET genes and may also aid in the functional characterization of the FvSWEET genes in woodland strawberries.展开更多
Sugar is an indispensable source of energy for plant growth and development, and it requires the participation of sugar transporter proteins(STPs) for crossing the hydrophobic barrier in plants. Here, we systematicall...Sugar is an indispensable source of energy for plant growth and development, and it requires the participation of sugar transporter proteins(STPs) for crossing the hydrophobic barrier in plants. Here, we systematically identified the genes encoding sugar transporters in the genome of maize(Zea mays L.), analyzed their expression patterns under different conditions, and determined their functions in disease resistance. The results showed that the mazie sugar transporter family contained 24 members, all of which were predicted to be distributed on the cell membrane and had a highly conserved transmembrane transport domain. The tissue-specific expression of the maize sugar transporter genes was analyzed, and the expression level of these genes was found to be significantly different in different tissues. The analysis of biotic and abiotic stress data showed that the expression levels of the sugar transporter genes changed significantly under different stress factors. The expression levels of Zm STP2 and Zm STP20 continued to increase following Fusarium graminearum infection. By performing disease resistance analysis of zmstp2 and zmstp20 mutants, we found that after inoculation with Cochliobolus carbonum, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, and F. graminearum, the lesion area of the mutants was significantly higher than that of the wild-type B73 plant. In this study, the genes encoding sugar transporters in maize were systematically identified and analyzed at the whole genome level. The expression patterns of the sugar transporter-encoding genes in different tissues of maize and under biotic and abiotic stresses were revealed, which laid an important theoretical foundation for further elucidation of their functions.展开更多
Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is one of the main nutrients necessary for plant growth.Phosphate transporters mediate the acquisition,transport and recycling of phosphate,which is essential for plant growth and development.Al...Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is one of the main nutrients necessary for plant growth.Phosphate transporters mediate the acquisition,transport and recycling of phosphate,which is essential for plant growth and development.Although PHT1 has been reported in many plants at home and abroad,it is rarely studied in potato.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the PHT1 family members in order to understand the molecular response mechanism of potato in low phosphate state.In this study,a total of 6 potato PHT1 genes were identified and isolated.It was found that after the expression of different members of potato PHT1 gene,there were certain differences in amino acids and proteins,and the transmembrane domains ranged from 6 to 12.The difference in the secondary and tertiary protein structure of potato PHT1 also led to a difference in protein morphology.In addition,the expression of the PHT1 gene in potato increased obviously during 3~9 h of Pi deficiency stress.Overall,the expression levels of different genes in roots,stems and leaves are distinctly different,but the expression levels of the StPHT1;6 and StPHT1;10 genes are very high in roots,stems and leaves,indicating that these two genes may participate in the absorption of Pi in potato and play a role in Pi translocation.These two genes play a major role in the regulation of expression under short-term Pi deficiency stress.Our results provide an important reference for further understanding the evolution and function of potato phosphate transporters,and have important significance for improving the ability of potato to tolerate low Pi.展开更多
The Na+/H+ antiport genes namedTaNHX1andTaNHX2were cloned by screening a salt_stressed wheat cDNA library using rice Na+/H+ antiport cDNA fragment as the probe. Sequencing analysis showed thatTaNHX1was 2 029 bp in le...The Na+/H+ antiport genes namedTaNHX1andTaNHX2were cloned by screening a salt_stressed wheat cDNA library using rice Na+/H+ antiport cDNA fragment as the probe. Sequencing analysis showed thatTaNHX1was 2 029 bp in length and contained a complete ORF of 1 638 bp. TheTaNHX1encodes a polypeptide of 546 amino acids with a transmembrane domain DIFFIYLLPPI.TaNHX2was 1 693 bp in length consisting of a partial ORF followed by a 3′_UTR of 808 bp. The amino acid sequence of these two genes were about 70% identical to the known NHX genes from rice, Arabidopsis and Atriplex. A RT_PCR assay showed that the level ofTaNHX1transcripts was increased and reached a steady higher level in the seedlings after 3 h treatment with 400 mmol/L NaCl.展开更多
High grain protein content(GPC) reduces rice eating and cooking quality(ECQ). We generated OsAAP6 and OsAAP10 knockout mutants in three high-yielding japonica varieties and one japonica line using the CRISPR/Cas9 syst...High grain protein content(GPC) reduces rice eating and cooking quality(ECQ). We generated OsAAP6 and OsAAP10 knockout mutants in three high-yielding japonica varieties and one japonica line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Mutation efficiency varied with genetic background in the T_0 generation, and GPC in the T_1 generation decreased significantly,owing mainly to a reduction in glutelin content. Amylose content was down-regulated significantly in some Osaap6 and all Osaap10 mutants. The increased taste value of these mutants was supported by Rapid Visco Analysis(RVA) profiles, which showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity and lower setback viscosity than the wild type. There were no significant deficiencies in agronomic traits of the mutants. Targeted mutagenesis of OsAAP6 and OsAAP10, especially OsAAP10, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system can rapidly reduce GPC and improve ECQ of rice, providing a new strategy for the breeding cultivars with desired ECQ.展开更多
Transferrin receptor 1(TfR1),encoded by the TFRC gene,is the gatekeeper of cellular iron uptake for cells.A variety of molecular mechanisms are at work to tightly regulate TfR1 expression,and abnormal TfR1 expression ...Transferrin receptor 1(TfR1),encoded by the TFRC gene,is the gatekeeper of cellular iron uptake for cells.A variety of molecular mechanisms are at work to tightly regulate TfR1 expression,and abnormal TfR1 expression has been associated with various diseases.In the current study,to determine the regulation pattern of TfR1,we cloned and overexpressed the human TFRC gene in HeLa cells.RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)was used to analyze the global transcript levels in overexpressed(OE)and normal control(NC)samples.A total of 1669 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified between OE and NC.Gene ontology(GO)analysis was carried out to explore the functions of the DEGs.It was found that multiple DEGs were associated with ion transport and immunity.Moreover,the regulatory network was constructed on basis of DEGs associated with ion transport and immunity,highlighting that TFRC was the node gene of the network.These results together suggested that precisely controlled TfR1 expression might be not only essential for iron homeostasis,but also globally important for cell physiology,including ion transport and immunity.展开更多
Understanding physiological responses in saline agriculture may facilitate wheat breeding programs.Based on a screening test,the Ningmai-14(NM-14)and Yangmai-23(YM-23)wheat cultivars were selected for further experime...Understanding physiological responses in saline agriculture may facilitate wheat breeding programs.Based on a screening test,the Ningmai-14(NM-14)and Yangmai-23(YM-23)wheat cultivars were selected for further experiments to understand the underlying salinity tolerance mechanism.This study investigated the effects of five salinity levels such as Control(CK)=0(without NaCl stress),S1=0.20%,S2=0.25%,S3=0.30%and S4=0.35%of NaCl concentrations of soil on wheat plants.The results showed that increased salinity concentration reduced the growth and yield of wheat cultivars(NM-14 and YM-23).However,YM-23(12.7%)yielded more than NM-14 at maximum salinity stress.The higher salinity(S4)increased the concentration of Na^(+)(4.3 to 5.8-fold)and P contents(2.5 to 2.2-fold),while reducing the average concentrations of K^(+),Cu,and K^(+)/Na^(+)ratio.The higher salinity(S4)reduced the spikelet length by 21.35%(followed by grain spike−1),and the starch content by 18.81%.In the YM-23 cultivar,higher salinity increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),and amylase.Compared to NM-14,induced expression of TaYUC2,6,and TaGA13ox,20ox genes were recorded in YM-23.Similarly,in YM-23 the stress-specific genes such as TaHSP70,90 were enhanced whereas,TaSOS1,2 were suppressed.Overall,our study revealed that salt tolerant cultivars modulate hormonal and antioxidant activities,thus maintaining high growth.展开更多
In recent years,in order to improve nutrient use efficiency,especially nitrogen use efficiency,fertilizer valueadded technology has been developed rapidly.However,the mechanism of the effect of synergistic fertilizer ...In recent years,in order to improve nutrient use efficiency,especially nitrogen use efficiency,fertilizer valueadded technology has been developed rapidly.However,the mechanism of the effect of synergistic fertilizer on plant nitrogen utilization is not clear.A study was,therefore,conducted to explore the activities and gene expression of key enzymes for nitrogen assimilation and the gene expression of nitrogen transporters in wheat after the application of synergistic fertilizer.Soil column experiment was set up in Qingdao Agricultural University experimental base from October 2018 to June 2019.Maleic acid and itaconic acid were copolymerized with acrylic acid as cross-linking monomer to make a fluid gel,which was sprayed on the fertilizer surface to make nitrogen and phosphorus synergistic fertilizer.A total of 6 treatments was set according to different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer ratios:(1)100%common nitrogen fertilizer+100%common phosphate fertilizer(2)70%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(3)100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+70%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(4)100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(5)70%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+70%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(6)100%commercial nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%commercial phosphorus synergistic fertilizer.The results are as follows:(1)the enzyme activities of wheat plants under synergistic fertilizer condition were higher than those under ordinary fertilizer,except under the treatment that nitrogen and phosphorus synergistic fertilizer were both reduced;(2)the expression level of the genes under the treatment“100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer”was significantly higher than those in other treatments.Combined with the higher performance of nitrogen concentration in various parts of the plant under the condition of applying synergistic fertilizer,this study indicated that the application of synergistic fertilizer can improve the nitrogen metabolism of the plant by increasing the nitrogen level in the rhizosphere soil,inducing the expression of nitrogen transporter genes and key assimilation enzymes genes.展开更多
HKT transport protein is an ion transporter thai exists on plasmalemma and a ubiquitous transmembrane protein responsible for Na ＋ transport and K＋ - Na ＋ symport. HKT transport protein is regulated by the expressi...HKT transport protein is an ion transporter thai exists on plasmalemma and a ubiquitous transmembrane protein responsible for Na ＋ transport and K＋ - Na ＋ symport. HKT transport protein is regulated by the expression of ItKT family genes. The overexpression of HKT family genes can improve activity of Na＋ transport and K＋ - Na＋ s.vmport proteins in plants, lead to Na ＋ recycle, reduce Na ＋ concentration in vivo, maintain K ＋/Na＋ ratio, and ensure normal physiological functions of eells, thereby improving salt toleranee of plants. This paper introduced the discovery and claning of HKT family genes, revealed interactions between HKT family genes and SOS, NHX genes, and summarized the relationship between the structure, function of HKT protein and salt tolerance of plants to clarify the function and mechanism of action of HKT transport protein, aiming at laying the foundation for genetic engineering of plants for salt tolerauee and providing basis for breeding haloduric transgenie plant.展开更多
Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop.Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid,which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications.Sucrose transpor...Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop.Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid,which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications.Sucrose transportation is critical in regulating the growth,development and oilseed yield in castor bean.The transporters or carriers(SUTs or SUCs)play a central role in orchestrating sucrose allocation and aiding in plant adaptation to diverse stresses.In this study,based on castor bean genome,three RcSUCs(RcSUC2,RcSUC3 and RcSUC4)were identified and characterized.The expressional profiles of RcSUCs in different tissues such as leaf,stem,root,phloem and seed tissues exhibited a distinct divergence of gene expression,suggesting that the functions of RcSUC2,RcSUC3 and RcSUC4 are differentiated into long or short-distance transportation among tissues.Additionally,under abiotic stresses including hot temperature,low temperature,drought and salt stresses,the sugar allocation among leaf,stem and roots was tested.The expressional changes of Rc SUCs in leaf,stem and root tissues were associated with sugar transportation and allocation.Taken together,the differential expression of Rc SUCs among tissues responsing to abiotic stress suggested functional differences in sucrose transport and redistribution in different tissues.This study is helpful to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of sucrose transportation and allocation among tissues in heterotrophic oilseeds,and could provide clues for genetic improvement and optimization of cultivation practices.展开更多
Background： Studies have shown clear differences between dairy breeds in their feed intake and production efficiencies. The duodenum is critical in the coordination of digestion and absorption of nutrients. This stud...Background： Studies have shown clear differences between dairy breeds in their feed intake and production efficiencies. The duodenum is critical in the coordination of digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study examined gene transcript abundance of important classes of nutrient transporters in the duodenum of non lactating dairy cows of different feed efficiency potential, namely Holstein-Friesian （HF）, Jersey （JE） and their F1 hybrid. Duodenal epithelial tissue was collected at slaughter and stored at -80℃. Total RNA was extracted from tissue and reverse transcribed to generate cDNA. Gene expression of the following transporters, namely nucleoside amino acid; sugar; mineral; and lipid transporters was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Data were statistically analysed using mixed models ANOVA in SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test for potential heterotic effects and spearman correlation coefficients calculated to determine potential associations amongst gen, expression values and production efficiency variables. Results： While there were no direct effects of genotype on expression values for any of the genes examined, there was evidence for a heterotic effect （P 〈 0.05） on ABCGS, in the form of increased expression in the F1 genotype compared to either of the two parent breeds. Additionally, a tendency for increased expression of the amino acid transporters, SLC3A1 （P= 0.072）, SLC3A2 （P= 0.081） and SLC6A 14 （P= 0.072） was also evident in the F1 genotype. A negative （P 〈 0.05） association was identified between the expression of the glucose transporter gene SLCSA1 and total lactational milk solids yield, corrected for body weight. Positive correlations （P 〈 0.05） were also observed between the expression values of genes involved in common transporter roles. Conclusion： This study suggests that differences in the expression of sterol and amino acid transporters in the duodenum could contribute towards the documented differences in feed efficiency between HF, JE and their F1 hybrid. Furthermore, positive associations between the expression of genes involved in common transporter roles suggest that these may be co-regulated. The study identifies potential candidates for investigation of genetic variants regulating nutrient transport and absorption in the duodenum in dairy cows, which may be incorporated into future breeding programmes.展开更多
The yield increase effect was analyzed by planting disease-free sugarcane seedlings, and the differential expression of three monosaccharide transport- er genes （ SGT1, SGT2 and PST2a） in disease-free and untreated ...The yield increase effect was analyzed by planting disease-free sugarcane seedlings, and the differential expression of three monosaccharide transport- er genes （ SGT1, SGT2 and PST2a） in disease-free and untreated sugarcane seedlings was studied to clarify the functions of these genes on sugarcane yield. The yield was increased by 27.2% by planting disease-free sugarcane seedlings. The expression levels of SGT1, SGT2 and PST2a in leaves of virus-free plants were 1 - 20 times higher than those in untreated sugarcane plants during the whole growth period. In addition, the expression levels of SGT1 and SGT2 in 1 - 8 inter- nodes of sugarcane at elongation stage and maturity stage were 1 - 45 times higher than those in untreated plants. And the expression levels of PST2a in 4 - 8 in- teruodes of sugarcane plants at elongation stage were 4 - 7 times higher than those in untreated plants, but there was no difference in expression levels at maturity stage. The functions of different monosaccharlde transporters varied among different growth stages. The three kinds of monosaccharide transporters might form a mutual cooperation network, and improved monosaccharide transport efficiency by increasing their self activity to provide more monosaccharide for cell metabo- lism, favorable for the yield increase of sugarcane stem.展开更多
Salinity is a global challenge to agricultural production. Understanding Na^+ sensing and transport in plants under salt stress will be of benefit for breeding robustly salt-tolerant crop species. In this review, firs...Salinity is a global challenge to agricultural production. Understanding Na^+ sensing and transport in plants under salt stress will be of benefit for breeding robustly salt-tolerant crop species. In this review, first, possible salt stress sensor candidates and the root meristem zone as a tissue harboring salt stress-sensing components are proposed. Then,the importance of Na^+ exclusion and vacuolar Na^+ sequestration in plant overall salt tolerance is highlighted. Other Na^+ regulation processes, including xylem Na^+ loading and unloading, phloem Na^+ recirculation, and Na^+ secretion, are discussed and summarized.Along with a summary of Na^+ transporters and channels, the molecular regulation of Na^+ transporters and channels in response to salt stress is discussed. Finally, some largely neglected issues in plant salt stress tolerance, including Na^+ concentration in cytosol and the role of Na^+ as a nutrient, are reviewed and discussed.展开更多
We evaluated the genotypes of the serotonin transporter gene （5-HTT） in patients with premature ejaculation （PE） to determine the role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of PE and possibly to identify the ...We evaluated the genotypes of the serotonin transporter gene （5-HTT） in patients with premature ejaculation （PE） to determine the role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of PE and possibly to identify the patient subgroups. A total of 70 PE patients and 70 controls were included in this study. All men were heterosexual, had no other disorders and were either married or in a stable relationship. PE was defined as ejaculation that occurred within 1 min of vaginal intromission. Genomic DNA from patients and controls was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction, and allelic variations of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene （5-HTTLPR） were determined. The 5-HTTLPR （serotonin transporter promoter gene） genotypes in PE patients vs. controls were distributed as follows： L/L 16% vs. 17%, L/S 30% vs. 53% and S/S 54% vs. 28%. We examined the haplotype analysis for three polymorphisms of the 5-HTTLPR gene： LL, LS and SS. The appropriateness of the allele frequencies in the 5-HTTLPR gene was analyzed by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using the Z-test. The short （S） allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene was significantly more frequent in PE patients than in controls （P 〈 0.05）. We suggest that the 5-HTTLPR gene plays a role in the pathophysiology of all primary PE cases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and patient subgroup （such as primary and secondary PE） responses to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as well as ethnic differences.展开更多
The norepinephrine transporter plays an important role in the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Consequently, the norepinephrine transporter gene is an attractive candidate in...The norepinephrine transporter plays an important role in the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Consequently, the norepinephrine transporter gene is an attractive candidate in major depressive disorder research. In the present study, we evaluated the depression symptoms of subjects with major depressive disorder, who were all from the North of China and of Hart Chinese origin, using the Hamilton Depression Scale. We examined the relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the norepinephrine transporter, rs2242446 and rs5569, and the retardation symptoms of major depressive disorder using quantitative trait testing with the UNPHASED program, rs5569 was associated with depressed mood, and the GG genotype may be a risk factor for this; rs2242446 was associated with work and interest, and the TT genotype may be a risk factor for loss of interest. Our findings suggest that rs2242446 and rs5569 in the norepinephrine transporter gene are associated with the retardation symptoms of depression in the Hart Chinese population.展开更多
To verify the feasibility of high-affinity nitrate transporter gene （Nrt2） as an indicator of nitrogen status, changes in the transcript levels of transcripts associated with phosphate starvation and different nitra...To verify the feasibility of high-affinity nitrate transporter gene （Nrt2） as an indicator of nitrogen status, changes in the transcript levels of transcripts associated with phosphate starvation and different nitrate concentrations were studied using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR （QRT-PCR） technology in batch cultures of Skeletonema costatum. The results show that compared with P-replete condition, P starvation could reduce the Nrt2 transcript levels apparently. Nrt2 transcript levels had a significant negative linear correlation with nitrate concentrations below 40 pmol/L. The results of 48 h short-term incubation experiment under different nitrate concentrations confirmed this correlation, and the following regression equation is built： y = -3.305x ＋ 98.95, R2 = 0.988, where x represents nitrate concentrations （〈40 btmol/L） and y represents the Nrt2 transcript levels.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the contribution of variants of CARD15, OCTN1/2 and DLG5 genes in disease predispo- sition and phenotypes in a large Italian cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). MET...AIM: To investigate the contribution of variants of CARD15, OCTN1/2 and DLG5 genes in disease predispo- sition and phenotypes in a large Italian cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). METHODS: Two hundred patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), 186 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 434 par- ents (217 trios), and 347 healthy controls (HC) were studied. Polymorphisms of the three major variants of CARD15, 1672C/T and -207G/C SNPs for OCTN genes, IGR2096a_1 and IGR2198a_1 SNPs for the IBD5 locus, and 113G/A variant of the DLG5 gene were evaluated. Potential correlations with clinical sub-phenotypes were investigated. RESULTS: Polymorphisms of CARD15 were significantly associated with CD, and at least one variant was found in 38% of patients (15% in HC, OR = 2.7, P < 0.001). Homozygosis for both OCTN1/2 variants was more com- mon in CD patients (1672TT 24%, -207CC 29%) than in HC (16% and 21%, respectively; P = 0.03), with an in- creased frequency of the TC haplotype (44.8% vs 38.3% in HC, P = 0.04). No association with the DLG5 variant was found. CD carriers of OCTN1/2 and DLG5 variants more frequently had penetrating disease (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01), while carriers of CARD15 more frequently had ileal localization (P = 0.03). No gene-gene interaction was found. In UC patients, the TC haplotype was morefrequent (45.4%, P = 0.03), but no genotype/phenotype correlation was observed. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of CARD15 and OCTN genes, but not DLG5 are associated with pediatric on- set of CD. Polymorphisms of CARD15, OCTN, and DLG5 genes exert a weak influence on CD phenotype.展开更多
Tonoplast sugar transporters(TSTs)play essential roles in regulating plant growth,development,and response to various biotic and abiotic stresses.In this study,a total of three TST genes were identified by a genome-wi...Tonoplast sugar transporters(TSTs)play essential roles in regulating plant growth,development,and response to various biotic and abiotic stresses.In this study,a total of three TST genes were identified by a genome-wide analysis in cucumber.Phylogenetic analysis showed that TST proteins from cucumber and other plant species can be classified into five groups,and nearly all TST members in the same groups displayed similarmotif distributions,transmembrane(TM)domains,and gene structures.All of the three CsTST genes possess a number of development-,stress-,and hormone-related cis-elements in the promoter sequences.Meanwhile,qRT-PCR assays revealed that the CsTST1 was expressed in fruits,flowers,leaves,and other tissues,and its expression varied significantly under various abiotic stresses such as cold,salt,drought(PEG),and abscisic acid(ABA).Finally,functional analysis of CsTST1 in yeast revealed that it was able to complement the deficiency in galactose,mannose and sucrose transport.These results revealed that CsTST1 can act as a functional sugar transporter to play important roles in cucumber growth and response to abiotic stress probably through affecting carbohydrate distribution.展开更多
Soil salinity causes the negative effects on the growth and yield of crops. In this study, two sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） cultivars, Xushu 28 （X-28） and Okinawa 100 （O-100）, were examined under 50 and 100...Soil salinity causes the negative effects on the growth and yield of crops. In this study, two sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） cultivars, Xushu 28 （X-28） and Okinawa 100 （O-100）, were examined under 50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCI stress. X-28 cultivar is relatively high salt tolerant than O-100 cultivar. Interestingly, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） results indicated that sweet potato high-affinity K^＋ transporter 1 （IbHKT1） gene expression was highly induced by 50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCI stress in the stems of X-28 cultivar than in those of O-100 cultivar, but only slightly induced by these stresses in the leaves and fibrous roots in both cultivars. To characterize the function of IbHKT1 transporter, we performed ion-flux analysis in tobacco transient system and yeast complementation. Tobacco transient assay showed that IbHKT1 could uptake sodium （Na^＋）. Yeast complementation assay showed that IbHKT1 could take up K^＋ in 50 mmol L^-1 K^＋ medium without the presence of NaCI. Moreover, Na^＋ uptake significantly increased in yeast overexpressing IbHKTI. These results showed that IbHKT1 transporter could have K^＋-Na^＋ symport function in yeast. Therefore, the modes of action of IbHKT1 in transgenic yeast could differ from the mode of action of the other HKT1 transporters in class I. Potentially, IbHKT1 could be used to improve the salt tolerance nature in sweet potato.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072376 and 32372515)+3 种基金Winall Hi-tech Seed Co.,Ltd.,China(GMLM2023)the Nanfan Special Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)(ZDXM2303 and YBXM2415)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(C2022204205)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS。
文摘Verticillium wilt(VW),induced by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae(Vd),poses a substantial threat to a diverse array of plant species.Employing molecular breeding technology for the development of cotton varieties with heightened resistance to VW stands out as one of the most efficacious protective measures.In this study,we successfully generated two stable transgenic lines of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),VdThitRNAi-1 and VdThit-RNAi-2,using host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)technology to introduce double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)targeting the thiamine transporter protein gene(VdThit).Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of a single-copy insertion in each line.Microscopic examination showed marked reductions in the colonization and spread of Vd-mCherry in the roots of VdThit-RNAi cotton compared to wild type(WT).The corresponding disease index and fungal biomass of VdThit-RNAi-1/2 also exhibited significant reductions.Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis demonstrated a substantial inhibition of VdThit expression following prolonged inoculation of VdThit-RNAi cotton.Small RNA sequencing(sRNA-Seq)analysis revealed the generation of a substantial number of VdThit-specific siRNAs in the VdThit-RNAi transgenic lines.Additionally,the silencing of VdThit by the siVdThit produced by VdThit-RNAi-1/2 resulted in the elevated expression of multiple genes involved in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway in Vd.Under field conditions,VdThit-RNAi transgenic cotton exhibited significantly enhanced disease resistance and yield compared with WT.In summary,our findings underscore the efficacy of HIGS targeting VdThit in restraining the infection and spread of Vd in cotton,thereby potentially enabling the development of cotton breeding as a promising strategy for managing VW.
基金funded by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Project(2021N5014,2022N5006)the Key Research Project of the Putian Science and Technology Bureau(2021ZP08,2021ZP09,2021ZP10,2021ZP11,2023GJGZ001).
文摘The SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transporter)family proteins are a recently identified class of sugar transporters that are essential for various physiological processes.Although the functions of the SWEET proteins have been identified in a number of species,to date,there have been no reports of the functions of the SWEET genes in woodland strawberries(Fragaria vesca).In this study,we identified 15 genes that were highly homolo-gous to the A.thaliana AtSWEET genes and designated them as FvSWEET1–FvSWEET15.We then conducted a structural and evolutionary analysis of these 15 FvSWEET genes.The phylogenetic analysis enabled us to categor-ize the predicted 15 SWEET proteins into four distinct groups.We observed slight variations in the exon‒intron structures of these genes,while the motifs and domain structures remained highly conserved.Additionally,the developmental and biological stress expression profiles of the 15 FvSWEET genes were extracted and analyzed.Finally,WGCNA coexpression network analysis was run to search for possible interacting genes of FvSWEET genes.The results showed that the FvSWEET10 genes interacted with 20 other genes,playing roles in response to bacterial and fungal infections.The outcomes of this study provide insights into the further study of FvSWEET genes and may also aid in the functional characterization of the FvSWEET genes in woodland strawberries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901864)the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation (NCCIR2020ZZ-9)+3 种基金the Research Project of Science and Technology in Universities of Hebei Province, China (BJK2022006)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02)the Key Research and Development Projects of Hebei (19226503D)the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Projects, China (216Z6501G and 216Z6502G)。
文摘Sugar is an indispensable source of energy for plant growth and development, and it requires the participation of sugar transporter proteins(STPs) for crossing the hydrophobic barrier in plants. Here, we systematically identified the genes encoding sugar transporters in the genome of maize(Zea mays L.), analyzed their expression patterns under different conditions, and determined their functions in disease resistance. The results showed that the mazie sugar transporter family contained 24 members, all of which were predicted to be distributed on the cell membrane and had a highly conserved transmembrane transport domain. The tissue-specific expression of the maize sugar transporter genes was analyzed, and the expression level of these genes was found to be significantly different in different tissues. The analysis of biotic and abiotic stress data showed that the expression levels of the sugar transporter genes changed significantly under different stress factors. The expression levels of Zm STP2 and Zm STP20 continued to increase following Fusarium graminearum infection. By performing disease resistance analysis of zmstp2 and zmstp20 mutants, we found that after inoculation with Cochliobolus carbonum, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, and F. graminearum, the lesion area of the mutants was significantly higher than that of the wild-type B73 plant. In this study, the genes encoding sugar transporters in maize were systematically identified and analyzed at the whole genome level. The expression patterns of the sugar transporter-encoding genes in different tissues of maize and under biotic and abiotic stresses were revealed, which laid an important theoretical foundation for further elucidation of their functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460367).
文摘Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is one of the main nutrients necessary for plant growth.Phosphate transporters mediate the acquisition,transport and recycling of phosphate,which is essential for plant growth and development.Although PHT1 has been reported in many plants at home and abroad,it is rarely studied in potato.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the PHT1 family members in order to understand the molecular response mechanism of potato in low phosphate state.In this study,a total of 6 potato PHT1 genes were identified and isolated.It was found that after the expression of different members of potato PHT1 gene,there were certain differences in amino acids and proteins,and the transmembrane domains ranged from 6 to 12.The difference in the secondary and tertiary protein structure of potato PHT1 also led to a difference in protein morphology.In addition,the expression of the PHT1 gene in potato increased obviously during 3~9 h of Pi deficiency stress.Overall,the expression levels of different genes in roots,stems and leaves are distinctly different,but the expression levels of the StPHT1;6 and StPHT1;10 genes are very high in roots,stems and leaves,indicating that these two genes may participate in the absorption of Pi in potato and play a role in Pi translocation.These two genes play a major role in the regulation of expression under short-term Pi deficiency stress.Our results provide an important reference for further understanding the evolution and function of potato phosphate transporters,and have important significance for improving the ability of potato to tolerate low Pi.
文摘The Na+/H+ antiport genes namedTaNHX1andTaNHX2were cloned by screening a salt_stressed wheat cDNA library using rice Na+/H+ antiport cDNA fragment as the probe. Sequencing analysis showed thatTaNHX1was 2 029 bp in length and contained a complete ORF of 1 638 bp. TheTaNHX1encodes a polypeptide of 546 amino acids with a transmembrane domain DIFFIYLLPPI.TaNHX2was 1 693 bp in length consisting of a partial ORF followed by a 3′_UTR of 808 bp. The amino acid sequence of these two genes were about 70% identical to the known NHX genes from rice, Arabidopsis and Atriplex. A RT_PCR assay showed that the level ofTaNHX1transcripts was increased and reached a steady higher level in the seedlings after 3 h treatment with 400 mmol/L NaCl.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871241,31371233)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BE2017345,PZCZ201702,BE2018351)the Research and Innovation Program of Postgraduate in Jiangsu Province(KYCX17_1886)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Yangzhou University International Academic Exchange Fund。
文摘High grain protein content(GPC) reduces rice eating and cooking quality(ECQ). We generated OsAAP6 and OsAAP10 knockout mutants in three high-yielding japonica varieties and one japonica line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Mutation efficiency varied with genetic background in the T_0 generation, and GPC in the T_1 generation decreased significantly,owing mainly to a reduction in glutelin content. Amylose content was down-regulated significantly in some Osaap6 and all Osaap10 mutants. The increased taste value of these mutants was supported by Rapid Visco Analysis(RVA) profiles, which showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity and lower setback viscosity than the wild type. There were no significant deficiencies in agronomic traits of the mutants. Targeted mutagenesis of OsAAP6 and OsAAP10, especially OsAAP10, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system can rapidly reduce GPC and improve ECQ of rice, providing a new strategy for the breeding cultivars with desired ECQ.
基金The work was supported by the General Fund of Health Commission of Hubei Province(No.WJ2019M147).
文摘Transferrin receptor 1(TfR1),encoded by the TFRC gene,is the gatekeeper of cellular iron uptake for cells.A variety of molecular mechanisms are at work to tightly regulate TfR1 expression,and abnormal TfR1 expression has been associated with various diseases.In the current study,to determine the regulation pattern of TfR1,we cloned and overexpressed the human TFRC gene in HeLa cells.RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)was used to analyze the global transcript levels in overexpressed(OE)and normal control(NC)samples.A total of 1669 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified between OE and NC.Gene ontology(GO)analysis was carried out to explore the functions of the DEGs.It was found that multiple DEGs were associated with ion transport and immunity.Moreover,the regulatory network was constructed on basis of DEGs associated with ion transport and immunity,highlighting that TFRC was the node gene of the network.These results together suggested that precisely controlled TfR1 expression might be not only essential for iron homeostasis,but also globally important for cell physiology,including ion transport and immunity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101817)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and this work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101817)+3 种基金Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(21)3111)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(21KJD210001)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Carbon Emissions Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BE2022304)the project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)for their financial support.
文摘Understanding physiological responses in saline agriculture may facilitate wheat breeding programs.Based on a screening test,the Ningmai-14(NM-14)and Yangmai-23(YM-23)wheat cultivars were selected for further experiments to understand the underlying salinity tolerance mechanism.This study investigated the effects of five salinity levels such as Control(CK)=0(without NaCl stress),S1=0.20%,S2=0.25%,S3=0.30%and S4=0.35%of NaCl concentrations of soil on wheat plants.The results showed that increased salinity concentration reduced the growth and yield of wheat cultivars(NM-14 and YM-23).However,YM-23(12.7%)yielded more than NM-14 at maximum salinity stress.The higher salinity(S4)increased the concentration of Na^(+)(4.3 to 5.8-fold)and P contents(2.5 to 2.2-fold),while reducing the average concentrations of K^(+),Cu,and K^(+)/Na^(+)ratio.The higher salinity(S4)reduced the spikelet length by 21.35%(followed by grain spike−1),and the starch content by 18.81%.In the YM-23 cultivar,higher salinity increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),and amylase.Compared to NM-14,induced expression of TaYUC2,6,and TaGA13ox,20ox genes were recorded in YM-23.Similarly,in YM-23 the stress-specific genes such as TaHSP70,90 were enhanced whereas,TaSOS1,2 were suppressed.Overall,our study revealed that salt tolerant cultivars modulate hormonal and antioxidant activities,thus maintaining high growth.
基金supported by the Program of Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology and Industry System–Cultivation and Soil Fertilizer(SDAIT0107)the Major Application Technology Innovation Projects in Shandong Province and the Key Research and Development Projects of Shandong Province.
文摘In recent years,in order to improve nutrient use efficiency,especially nitrogen use efficiency,fertilizer valueadded technology has been developed rapidly.However,the mechanism of the effect of synergistic fertilizer on plant nitrogen utilization is not clear.A study was,therefore,conducted to explore the activities and gene expression of key enzymes for nitrogen assimilation and the gene expression of nitrogen transporters in wheat after the application of synergistic fertilizer.Soil column experiment was set up in Qingdao Agricultural University experimental base from October 2018 to June 2019.Maleic acid and itaconic acid were copolymerized with acrylic acid as cross-linking monomer to make a fluid gel,which was sprayed on the fertilizer surface to make nitrogen and phosphorus synergistic fertilizer.A total of 6 treatments was set according to different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer ratios:(1)100%common nitrogen fertilizer+100%common phosphate fertilizer(2)70%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(3)100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+70%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(4)100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(5)70%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+70%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(6)100%commercial nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%commercial phosphorus synergistic fertilizer.The results are as follows:(1)the enzyme activities of wheat plants under synergistic fertilizer condition were higher than those under ordinary fertilizer,except under the treatment that nitrogen and phosphorus synergistic fertilizer were both reduced;(2)the expression level of the genes under the treatment“100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer”was significantly higher than those in other treatments.Combined with the higher performance of nitrogen concentration in various parts of the plant under the condition of applying synergistic fertilizer,this study indicated that the application of synergistic fertilizer can improve the nitrogen metabolism of the plant by increasing the nitrogen level in the rhizosphere soil,inducing the expression of nitrogen transporter genes and key assimilation enzymes genes.
基金Supported by Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(S2016013604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260336)
文摘HKT transport protein is an ion transporter thai exists on plasmalemma and a ubiquitous transmembrane protein responsible for Na ＋ transport and K＋ - Na ＋ symport. HKT transport protein is regulated by the expression of ItKT family genes. The overexpression of HKT family genes can improve activity of Na＋ transport and K＋ - Na＋ s.vmport proteins in plants, lead to Na ＋ recycle, reduce Na ＋ concentration in vivo, maintain K ＋/Na＋ ratio, and ensure normal physiological functions of eells, thereby improving salt toleranee of plants. This paper introduced the discovery and claning of HKT family genes, revealed interactions between HKT family genes and SOS, NHX genes, and summarized the relationship between the structure, function of HKT protein and salt tolerance of plants to clarify the function and mechanism of action of HKT transport protein, aiming at laying the foundation for genetic engineering of plants for salt tolerauee and providing basis for breeding haloduric transgenie plant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31661143002 and 31771839)。
文摘Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop.Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid,which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications.Sucrose transportation is critical in regulating the growth,development and oilseed yield in castor bean.The transporters or carriers(SUTs or SUCs)play a central role in orchestrating sucrose allocation and aiding in plant adaptation to diverse stresses.In this study,based on castor bean genome,three RcSUCs(RcSUC2,RcSUC3 and RcSUC4)were identified and characterized.The expressional profiles of RcSUCs in different tissues such as leaf,stem,root,phloem and seed tissues exhibited a distinct divergence of gene expression,suggesting that the functions of RcSUC2,RcSUC3 and RcSUC4 are differentiated into long or short-distance transportation among tissues.Additionally,under abiotic stresses including hot temperature,low temperature,drought and salt stresses,the sugar allocation among leaf,stem and roots was tested.The expressional changes of Rc SUCs in leaf,stem and root tissues were associated with sugar transportation and allocation.Taken together,the differential expression of Rc SUCs among tissues responsing to abiotic stress suggested functional differences in sucrose transport and redistribution in different tissues.This study is helpful to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of sucrose transportation and allocation among tissues in heterotrophic oilseeds,and could provide clues for genetic improvement and optimization of cultivation practices.
基金funded by Teagasc as part of the Irish National Development Plan
文摘Background： Studies have shown clear differences between dairy breeds in their feed intake and production efficiencies. The duodenum is critical in the coordination of digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study examined gene transcript abundance of important classes of nutrient transporters in the duodenum of non lactating dairy cows of different feed efficiency potential, namely Holstein-Friesian （HF）, Jersey （JE） and their F1 hybrid. Duodenal epithelial tissue was collected at slaughter and stored at -80℃. Total RNA was extracted from tissue and reverse transcribed to generate cDNA. Gene expression of the following transporters, namely nucleoside amino acid; sugar; mineral; and lipid transporters was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Data were statistically analysed using mixed models ANOVA in SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test for potential heterotic effects and spearman correlation coefficients calculated to determine potential associations amongst gen, expression values and production efficiency variables. Results： While there were no direct effects of genotype on expression values for any of the genes examined, there was evidence for a heterotic effect （P 〈 0.05） on ABCGS, in the form of increased expression in the F1 genotype compared to either of the two parent breeds. Additionally, a tendency for increased expression of the amino acid transporters, SLC3A1 （P= 0.072）, SLC3A2 （P= 0.081） and SLC6A 14 （P= 0.072） was also evident in the F1 genotype. A negative （P 〈 0.05） association was identified between the expression of the glucose transporter gene SLCSA1 and total lactational milk solids yield, corrected for body weight. Positive correlations （P 〈 0.05） were also observed between the expression values of genes involved in common transporter roles. Conclusion： This study suggests that differences in the expression of sterol and amino acid transporters in the duodenum could contribute towards the documented differences in feed efficiency between HF, JE and their F1 hybrid. Furthermore, positive associations between the expression of genes involved in common transporter roles suggest that these may be co-regulated. The study identifies potential candidates for investigation of genetic variants regulating nutrient transport and absorption in the duodenum in dairy cows, which may be incorporated into future breeding programmes.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program("863"Program)of China(2013AA102604-1)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(313078)
文摘The yield increase effect was analyzed by planting disease-free sugarcane seedlings, and the differential expression of three monosaccharide transport- er genes （ SGT1, SGT2 and PST2a） in disease-free and untreated sugarcane seedlings was studied to clarify the functions of these genes on sugarcane yield. The yield was increased by 27.2% by planting disease-free sugarcane seedlings. The expression levels of SGT1, SGT2 and PST2a in leaves of virus-free plants were 1 - 20 times higher than those in untreated sugarcane plants during the whole growth period. In addition, the expression levels of SGT1 and SGT2 in 1 - 8 inter- nodes of sugarcane at elongation stage and maturity stage were 1 - 45 times higher than those in untreated plants. And the expression levels of PST2a in 4 - 8 in- teruodes of sugarcane plants at elongation stage were 4 - 7 times higher than those in untreated plants, but there was no difference in expression levels at maturity stage. The functions of different monosaccharlde transporters varied among different growth stages. The three kinds of monosaccharide transporters might form a mutual cooperation network, and improved monosaccharide transport efficiency by increasing their self activity to provide more monosaccharide for cell metabo- lism, favorable for the yield increase of sugarcane stem.
基金supported by a Ph.D. scholarship provided by University of Tasmania (185466S9A),Australiathe Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology Utilization at Anhui Agricultural University (SKLTOF20170112)
文摘Salinity is a global challenge to agricultural production. Understanding Na^+ sensing and transport in plants under salt stress will be of benefit for breeding robustly salt-tolerant crop species. In this review, first, possible salt stress sensor candidates and the root meristem zone as a tissue harboring salt stress-sensing components are proposed. Then,the importance of Na^+ exclusion and vacuolar Na^+ sequestration in plant overall salt tolerance is highlighted. Other Na^+ regulation processes, including xylem Na^+ loading and unloading, phloem Na^+ recirculation, and Na^+ secretion, are discussed and summarized.Along with a summary of Na^+ transporters and channels, the molecular regulation of Na^+ transporters and channels in response to salt stress is discussed. Finally, some largely neglected issues in plant salt stress tolerance, including Na^+ concentration in cytosol and the role of Na^+ as a nutrient, are reviewed and discussed.
文摘We evaluated the genotypes of the serotonin transporter gene （5-HTT） in patients with premature ejaculation （PE） to determine the role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of PE and possibly to identify the patient subgroups. A total of 70 PE patients and 70 controls were included in this study. All men were heterosexual, had no other disorders and were either married or in a stable relationship. PE was defined as ejaculation that occurred within 1 min of vaginal intromission. Genomic DNA from patients and controls was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction, and allelic variations of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene （5-HTTLPR） were determined. The 5-HTTLPR （serotonin transporter promoter gene） genotypes in PE patients vs. controls were distributed as follows： L/L 16% vs. 17%, L/S 30% vs. 53% and S/S 54% vs. 28%. We examined the haplotype analysis for three polymorphisms of the 5-HTTLPR gene： LL, LS and SS. The appropriateness of the allele frequencies in the 5-HTTLPR gene was analyzed by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using the Z-test. The short （S） allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene was significantly more frequent in PE patients than in controls （P 〈 0.05）. We suggest that the 5-HTTLPR gene plays a role in the pathophysiology of all primary PE cases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and patient subgroup （such as primary and secondary PE） responses to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as well as ethnic differences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30770770,30971054,and81171290Science Foundation for the Youth of Shanxi,No.2011021036-1
文摘The norepinephrine transporter plays an important role in the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Consequently, the norepinephrine transporter gene is an attractive candidate in major depressive disorder research. In the present study, we evaluated the depression symptoms of subjects with major depressive disorder, who were all from the North of China and of Hart Chinese origin, using the Hamilton Depression Scale. We examined the relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the norepinephrine transporter, rs2242446 and rs5569, and the retardation symptoms of major depressive disorder using quantitative trait testing with the UNPHASED program, rs5569 was associated with depressed mood, and the GG genotype may be a risk factor for this; rs2242446 was associated with work and interest, and the TT genotype may be a risk factor for loss of interest. Our findings suggest that rs2242446 and rs5569 in the norepinephrine transporter gene are associated with the retardation symptoms of depression in the Hart Chinese population.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)under contract No.2010CB428706the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups under contract No.41121064the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2008AA09Z107
文摘To verify the feasibility of high-affinity nitrate transporter gene （Nrt2） as an indicator of nitrogen status, changes in the transcript levels of transcripts associated with phosphate starvation and different nitrate concentrations were studied using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR （QRT-PCR） technology in batch cultures of Skeletonema costatum. The results show that compared with P-replete condition, P starvation could reduce the Nrt2 transcript levels apparently. Nrt2 transcript levels had a significant negative linear correlation with nitrate concentrations below 40 pmol/L. The results of 48 h short-term incubation experiment under different nitrate concentrations confirmed this correlation, and the following regression equation is built： y = -3.305x ＋ 98.95, R2 = 0.988, where x represents nitrate concentrations （〈40 btmol/L） and y represents the Nrt2 transcript levels.
文摘AIM: To investigate the contribution of variants of CARD15, OCTN1/2 and DLG5 genes in disease predispo- sition and phenotypes in a large Italian cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). METHODS: Two hundred patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), 186 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 434 par- ents (217 trios), and 347 healthy controls (HC) were studied. Polymorphisms of the three major variants of CARD15, 1672C/T and -207G/C SNPs for OCTN genes, IGR2096a_1 and IGR2198a_1 SNPs for the IBD5 locus, and 113G/A variant of the DLG5 gene were evaluated. Potential correlations with clinical sub-phenotypes were investigated. RESULTS: Polymorphisms of CARD15 were significantly associated with CD, and at least one variant was found in 38% of patients (15% in HC, OR = 2.7, P < 0.001). Homozygosis for both OCTN1/2 variants was more com- mon in CD patients (1672TT 24%, -207CC 29%) than in HC (16% and 21%, respectively; P = 0.03), with an in- creased frequency of the TC haplotype (44.8% vs 38.3% in HC, P = 0.04). No association with the DLG5 variant was found. CD carriers of OCTN1/2 and DLG5 variants more frequently had penetrating disease (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01), while carriers of CARD15 more frequently had ileal localization (P = 0.03). No gene-gene interaction was found. In UC patients, the TC haplotype was morefrequent (45.4%, P = 0.03), but no genotype/phenotype correlation was observed. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of CARD15 and OCTN genes, but not DLG5 are associated with pediatric on- set of CD. Polymorphisms of CARD15, OCTN, and DLG5 genes exert a weak influence on CD phenotype.
基金the Key Project of Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant Nos.20171ACB21025 and 20181ACB20012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31760074).
文摘Tonoplast sugar transporters(TSTs)play essential roles in regulating plant growth,development,and response to various biotic and abiotic stresses.In this study,a total of three TST genes were identified by a genome-wide analysis in cucumber.Phylogenetic analysis showed that TST proteins from cucumber and other plant species can be classified into five groups,and nearly all TST members in the same groups displayed similarmotif distributions,transmembrane(TM)domains,and gene structures.All of the three CsTST genes possess a number of development-,stress-,and hormone-related cis-elements in the promoter sequences.Meanwhile,qRT-PCR assays revealed that the CsTST1 was expressed in fruits,flowers,leaves,and other tissues,and its expression varied significantly under various abiotic stresses such as cold,salt,drought(PEG),and abscisic acid(ABA).Finally,functional analysis of CsTST1 in yeast revealed that it was able to complement the deficiency in galactose,mannose and sucrose transport.These results revealed that CsTST1 can act as a functional sugar transporter to play important roles in cucumber growth and response to abiotic stress probably through affecting carbohydrate distribution.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-10,Sweetpotato)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China (CX(13)2032)the China-Korea Young Scientist Exchange Program
文摘Soil salinity causes the negative effects on the growth and yield of crops. In this study, two sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） cultivars, Xushu 28 （X-28） and Okinawa 100 （O-100）, were examined under 50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCI stress. X-28 cultivar is relatively high salt tolerant than O-100 cultivar. Interestingly, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） results indicated that sweet potato high-affinity K^＋ transporter 1 （IbHKT1） gene expression was highly induced by 50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCI stress in the stems of X-28 cultivar than in those of O-100 cultivar, but only slightly induced by these stresses in the leaves and fibrous roots in both cultivars. To characterize the function of IbHKT1 transporter, we performed ion-flux analysis in tobacco transient system and yeast complementation. Tobacco transient assay showed that IbHKT1 could uptake sodium （Na^＋）. Yeast complementation assay showed that IbHKT1 could take up K^＋ in 50 mmol L^-1 K^＋ medium without the presence of NaCI. Moreover, Na^＋ uptake significantly increased in yeast overexpressing IbHKTI. These results showed that IbHKT1 transporter could have K^＋-Na^＋ symport function in yeast. Therefore, the modes of action of IbHKT1 in transgenic yeast could differ from the mode of action of the other HKT1 transporters in class I. Potentially, IbHKT1 could be used to improve the salt tolerance nature in sweet potato.
