Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the scleroti...Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the sclerotia by the fungus was 18% in natural soil. Reinoculation tests byplacing surface-sterilized sclerotia on fungal cultures for two weeks and then surface-sterilized again led to 32% sclerotia be infected. Dual culture tests in PDA plates did notgive rise to a suppression zone between the colonies of M. ellipsosporum and its counterpartfungi S. sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani, suggesting there was little or no nutritionalcompetition and absent of antifungal compounds. However, M. ellipsosporum could grow overabsent of S. sclerotiorum and R. solani, and significantly inhibited their growth on agarplates. Scanning electron and light microscopic observations showed that hyphae of M. ellipsosporumgrew along and appressed on hypha of S. sclerotiorum and coiled around hyphae of R. solani.Assays of cell wall-degrading enzymes showed that M. ellipsosporum grew well in chitin agarmedia, with clear transparent hydrolysis zones. Activities of total chitinase, exo-chitinase,β-1, 3-glucanase and protease were 140.2±11.9, 82.9±4.1, 111.2±7.6 and 76.1±4.3 U respect-ively, after incubation for 4 days at 30 ℃ in liquid media containing ground sclerotia of S.sclerotiorum as sole nutrient source. These enzymes might be important in the mycoparasiticactivity of M. ellipsosporum.展开更多
The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly use...The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.展开更多
A new isochromanone,cladosporinisochromanone(1),accompanied by 15 known compounds(2–16)were obtained from secondary metabolites produced by marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp.DLT-5.NMR and HRESIMS spectra elucidat...A new isochromanone,cladosporinisochromanone(1),accompanied by 15 known compounds(2–16)were obtained from secondary metabolites produced by marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp.DLT-5.NMR and HRESIMS spectra elucidation determined the planar structure of 1.Subsequent electronic circular dichroism(ECD)experiment assigned the absolute configuration of 1.Compounds 1,2,4–6,and 10 displayed different degrees of neuroprotective activities on human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y.Five compounds(1,3–5,and 13)emerged resistance to protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B),further kinetic analysis and molecular docking study indicated that the most potent compound 13(IC50value of 10.74±0.61μmol/L)was found as a noncompetitive inhibitor for PTP1B.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and molecular docking studies also demonstrated the interaction between compound 12 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1),which has been identified as significant therapeutic target for hypercholesteremia.In addition,compounds 3,6,and 14 showed attractive inhibitory activity against the phytopathogenic fungi:Colletotrichum capsici.Therefore,library of Cladosporium metabolites is enriched and new active uses of known compounds are explored.展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the biological diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in the sediment of Erhai Lake.[Method]616 pieces of sediments were collected from Erhai Lake.The traditional classificat...[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the biological diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in the sediment of Erhai Lake.[Method]616 pieces of sediments were collected from Erhai Lake.The traditional classification and identification methods were used to isolate,purify and identify.[Result]3 genera and 22 species of nematode-trapping fungi were isolated.Arthrobotrys oligospora,A.musiformis and Dactylella leptospora were the dominant species,and their detection rates were 28.05%,16.04% and 8.92% respectively.By analyzing the diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in four seasons,it was found that the biological diversity was richer in summer,spring and autumn,and the diversity indexes were 2.59,2.47 and 2.34 respectively.The diversity index in winter was 1.48 and was lower.Species forming the adhesive nets were predominant;positive rate was 41.00%.[Conclusion]The rich nematode-trapping fungi resource existed in Erhai Lake,and its biological diversity had the seasonal variation characteristic.The nematode-trapping fungi which formed the viscous net were the dominant species in Erhai Lake.展开更多
Pine wilt disease,caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucnatus,is a serious quarantined disease.Arboreal nematode-trapping fungi of P inus spp.are effective predators on nematodes and have strong ...Pine wilt disease,caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucnatus,is a serious quarantined disease.Arboreal nematode-trapping fungi of P inus spp.are effective predators on nematodes and have strong host adaptability.The development of these fungal resources may be an effective way to control pine wood nematodes.We collected 515 samples of pine wilt disease from the areas of Ninghai City(Zhejiang province),Shuangbai County(Yunnan province),and Daxing'anling(Heilongjiang province),China.Through isolation,culture and identification,6 species of nematode-trapping fungi(A rthrobotrys cladodesr,A.oligospora,A.musiformis,A.dendroides,Dactylellina ellipsospora,Monacrosporium thaumasium)were identified for predation against B.xylophilus,and 9 species(Arthrobotrys dactyloides,A.cladodes r A.oligospora A.dendroides,Dactylellina ellipsospora,Dactylella asthenopaga,D.leptospora,Arthrobotrys superba,Monacrosporium drechseri)were identified for predation against B.mucnatus.This study provides information in the classification of arboreal predator nematodes and provides an important basis for future biological control of pine wood nematodes.展开更多
A series of terpenoids(1-17),comprising six new compounds designated bipolariterpenes A-F(1-6)and eleven rec-ognized compounds(7-17),were isolated from the wheat culture of the potato endophytic fungus Bipolaris eleus...A series of terpenoids(1-17),comprising six new compounds designated bipolariterpenes A-F(1-6)and eleven rec-ognized compounds(7-17),were isolated from the wheat culture of the potato endophytic fungus Bipolaris eleusines.Their structures and stereochemistry were clarified by HRESIMS,NMR,DP4+probability analyses,and computations for electronic circular dichroism(ECD).All compounds are made up of six meroterpenoids,four sesterterpenes and seven sesquiterpenes.Among them,four sesterterpenes(4,5,10,11)were investigated for their antifungal,antibacterial and cytotoxic properties,and six meroterpenoids(1-3,7-9)were evaluated for their antifungal properties.The compounds 7,9,and 10 had substantial antifungal activity against Epidermophyton floccosum at a concentration of 100μM.No antibacterial and cytotoxic activities were observed.展开更多
Three previously undescribed compounds,cordycicadione(1),cordycicadin F(2),and 7-hydroxybassiatin(3),were isolated from the cultures of Cordyceps cicadae JXCH1,an entomopathogenic fungus.Their structures and relative ...Three previously undescribed compounds,cordycicadione(1),cordycicadin F(2),and 7-hydroxybassiatin(3),were isolated from the cultures of Cordyceps cicadae JXCH1,an entomopathogenic fungus.Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated primarily by NMR spectroscopic analysis.The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculations.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction method was adopted to determine the absolute configuration of 3.Compound 2 is a polycyclic polyketide with an unusual enol ether moiety and a spiro ring.The compounds obtained in this study were subjected to screening their inhibition against the proliferation of the human lung cancer cell line A549 and the production of nitric oxide in murine macrophages RAW264.7.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gast...Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.In addition,some components of this mushroom appear to possess strong antineoplastic capabilities against gastric and colorectal cancer.This review aims to analyse all available evidence on the digestive therapeutic potential of this fungus as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.展开更多
Black fungus is a rare and dangerous mycology that usually affects the brain and lungs and could be life-threatening in diabetic cases.Recently,some COVID-19 survivors,especially those with co-morbid diseases,have bee...Black fungus is a rare and dangerous mycology that usually affects the brain and lungs and could be life-threatening in diabetic cases.Recently,some COVID-19 survivors,especially those with co-morbid diseases,have been susceptible to black fungus.Therefore,recovered COVID-19 patients should seek medical support when they notice mucormycosis symptoms.This paper proposes a novel ensemble deep-learning model that includes three pre-trained models:reset(50),VGG(19),and Inception.Our approach is medically intuitive and efficient compared to the traditional deep learning models.An image dataset was aggregated from various resources and divided into two classes:a black fungus class and a skin infection class.To the best of our knowledge,our study is the first that is concerned with building black fungus detection models based on deep learning algorithms.The proposed approach can significantly improve the performance of the classification task and increase the generalization ability of such a binary classification task.According to the reported results,it has empirically achieved a sensitivity value of 0.9907,a specificity value of 0.9938,a precision value of 0.9938,and a negative predictive value of 0.9907.展开更多
Two novel compounds including a cyclohelminthol type polyketide(namely oxaleimide K,1)and a maleimide deriva-tive(namely peniroquefortine A,2),and a new natural product(namely 2-(acetylamino)-N-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]-...Two novel compounds including a cyclohelminthol type polyketide(namely oxaleimide K,1)and a maleimide deriva-tive(namely peniroquefortine A,2),and a new natural product(namely 2-(acetylamino)-N-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]-acetamide,3),together with four known compounds(4-7),were isolated and identified from fungus Penicillium roqueforti,which was separated from the root soil of Hypericum beanii N.Robson collected from the Shennongjia For-estry District,Hubei Province.Their structures including absolute configurations were mainly established by the NMR spectroscopy analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment.Compound 1 represents the second example of a cyclohelminthol type polyketide,which features a rare 6/6/5/5 tetracyclic system and a branched aliphatic chain containing a terminal olefin(oct-1-en-3-yl)moiety,and compound 2 possesses an unprecedented carbon skeleton that is uniquely defined by a maleimide moiety linked to the respective 4-methylene-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-phenol and para-substituted aromatic moieties via the carbon-carbon bonds.Remarkably,the absolute configuration of a cyclohelminthol type polyketide as exemplified by compound 1 is determined by the single-crystal diffraction analysis for the first time,highlighting an E-configuration for the linkage of a succinimide moiety and a tetrahydro-furan moiety for 1 rather than a Z-configuration as previously reported in the biosynthesis study,which gives a new insight into the structural elucidation of this category of polyketides.Additionally,compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against multiple tumor cells,especially against the Farage and SU-DHL-2 cells(IC_(50)<20μM,48 h).Further mechanism study revealed that compound 1 significantly induced cell cycle arrest in Farage and SU-DHL-2 cells by causing abnormal ROS level and triggering oxidative stress.展开更多
The companion fungus ( Grifola sp.) related to sclerotial formation from hyphae of Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat was isolated from the cavity associated with sclerotia of G. umbellata in natural condition. Experimen...The companion fungus ( Grifola sp.) related to sclerotial formation from hyphae of Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat was isolated from the cavity associated with sclerotia of G. umbellata in natural condition. Experimental results showed that the pure culture of G. umbellata was unable to form sclerotia, whereas sclerotia produced easily in flasks or on trunks when the companion fungus was inoculated together with strain of G. umbellata. The companion fungus is critical for sclerotium formation from hyphae of G. umbellata. Morphological differences were found in cultures of the two fungi. The companion fungus possesses thin-walled narrow hyphae, while G. umbellata is of wider hyphae which are either thick- or thin-walled.展开更多
To investigate the growth conditions of white-rot fungus and simulate its metabolism kinetic models, the rules how the factors such as biomass, culture fluid, pH value, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharides gener...To investigate the growth conditions of white-rot fungus and simulate its metabolism kinetic models, the rules how the factors such as biomass, culture fluid, pH value, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharides generation, etc., changed during the batch culture process of white-rot fungi by using an air-lift fermenter, as well as metabolic kinetics of white-rot fungi were studied. Based on Logistic equation, Luedeking-Piret equation and experimental data, the correlation model parameters of mycelia biomass, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharide generation were obtained and found to be change with time in metabolism process. Detailedly, μm=0.071 8 h-1,α= 0.831 8 g/(g·h), β= 0.002 g/(g·h), b1=0.016 3 g/(g·h) and b2=3.023 3 g/(g·h). Hence the mycelial growth kinetic model, exopolysaccharide generation kinetic model and substrate consumption kinetic model which describe fermentation process of white-rot fungi were established. Meanwhile, the experimental data were verified by this model, and a good fitting result with an average relative error less than 10% between the data obtained from experiments and the model was yielded. The results show that these models can predict the growth and metabolic rules of white-rot fungus, the fermentation process of exopolysaccharides and the kinetic mechanism of white-rot fungus accurately.展开更多
[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of differen...[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of different inoculated proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and Phosphate-sotubilizing fungus. Apophysomyces spartina, on growth, chlorophyll contents, P-uptake of castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） and rhizosphere soil pH values, available P concentrations, enzyme activities. [Result] The mixed inoculation of AMF and A. spartina significantly reduced soil pH value, increased soil available phosphorous contents, improved the activities of soil invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Chlorophyll contents, P-uptake, and plant dry weight of castor bean were also in- creased. The optimal proportion of the number of AMF spores to A. spartina colonies was 28.56：11.5×10^5, which had positive effects on saline soil and could stimulate plant growth under greenhouse condition. [Conclusion] Appropriate propor- tion of AMF and A. spartina had the potential to enhance coastal saline soil prop- erty and promote castor bean growth.展开更多
A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only...A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only from imprints in sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous.Discovery of a representative of Pleciofungivoridae in Kachin amber confirms the presence of the family in the Upper Cretaceous.The new species has a unique structure of fore tarsus,with lobed and extended tarsal segments Ⅱ to Ⅳ,a feature hitherto known only in a few species of extant Sciaroidea.Although not particularly rare,the new species is currently known only from female specimens.Possible reasons for this phenomenon,very unusual in Sciaroidea,are briefly discussed,including parthenogenesis as a potentially plausible hypothesis.展开更多
Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesi...Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the spectrum of isolated pathogens and antibiotic resistance for ocular infections within 5y at two tertiary hospitals in east China.METHODS:Ocular specimen data were collected from January 2019 to Octo...AIM:To analyze the spectrum of isolated pathogens and antibiotic resistance for ocular infections within 5y at two tertiary hospitals in east China.METHODS:Ocular specimen data were collected from January 2019 to October 2023.The pathogen spectrum and positive culture rate for different infection location,such as keratitis,endophthalmitis,and periocular infections,along with antibiotic resistance were analyzed.RESULTS:We included 2727 specimens,including 827(30.33%)positive cultures.A total of 871 strains were isolated,530(60.85%)bacterial and 341(39.15%)fungal strains were isolated.Gram-positive cocci(GPC)were the most common ocular pathogens.The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis(25.03%),Staphylococcus aureus(7.46%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(4.59%),Corynebacterium macginleyi(3.44%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(3.33%).The most common fungal genera were Fusarium spp.(12.74%),Aspergillus spp.(6.54%),and Scedosporium spp.(5.74%).Staphylococcus epidermidis strains showed more than 50%resistance to fluoroquinolones.Streptococcus pneumoniae and Corynebacterium macginleyi showed more than 90%resistance to erythromycin.The percentage of bacteria showing multidrug resistance(MDR)significantly decreased(χ^(2)=17.44,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:GPC are the most common ocular pathogens.Corynebacterium macginleyi,as the fourth common bacterium,may currently be the local microbiological feature of east China.Fusarium spp.is the most common fungus.More than 50%of the GPC are resistant to fluoroquinolones,penicillins,and macrolides.However,the proportion of MDR strains has been reduced over time.展开更多
[Objective] The study was to solve the contradiction between fungus and forest during the production of black fungi, and to obtain relatively high economic benefits and ecological benefits. [Method] Black fungi were c...[Objective] The study was to solve the contradiction between fungus and forest during the production of black fungi, and to obtain relatively high economic benefits and ecological benefits. [Method] Black fungi were cultivated in forest with middle-high altitude of 500-1 600 m. The germination time of fungus stick, germination days of buds, growth days of fruiting body, commodity exterior, marketing effect and biological efficiency of black fungi were investigated. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation, black fungus products cultivated under forest had the taste and flavor of wild black fungus. Fungus chaff wastage was directly decomposed by the roots in forest land, improving the soil structure of forest land. The need of moisture retention and the frequent access of administrative staff reduced the probability of forest fire occurrence. [Conclusion] Cultivation of black fungus under forest saves more than 70% fixed-asset investment on fungus shed, and the biological efficiency reached 12.2%.展开更多
Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) is an entomopathogenic fungus used as an ecofriendly insecticide to infect arthropods. B. bassiana also possesses endophytic activity to contribute to plant growth. Thi...Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) is an entomopathogenic fungus used as an ecofriendly insecticide to infect arthropods. B. bassiana also possesses endophytic activity to contribute to plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the potential insecticidal and endophytic activity of native B. bassiana isolates. The nymphal and adult stages of the apple tree aphid (Aphis pomi) and whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) were used as targets in bioinsecticidal experiments, and vegetables (beans, tomatoes and cucumbers) were used as targets in biostimulant experiments. The endophytic activity of the B. bassiana strains was assessed after inoculation them to the crop seeds and plants via soil drenching, foliar spraying and seed immersion. In bean plants, seed immersion was the most effective application method. Soil drenching was more effective in the cucumber and tomato plants. The results of in vitro bioassay tests against pests have revealed the LC50 and LT50 values of B. bassiana isolate Col-2. The LC50 of this isolate for A. pomi adults and nymphs was 2.5 × 106 conidia/mL−1;for T. vaporariorum, it was lower 1.8 × 106 conidia/mL−1. Such mortality occurred after 55.49 h. in A. pomi adults and nymphs (LT50), after 62.3 h. in T. vaporariorum (LT50).展开更多
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Proqram(863)of China(2001AA246011).
文摘Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the sclerotia by the fungus was 18% in natural soil. Reinoculation tests byplacing surface-sterilized sclerotia on fungal cultures for two weeks and then surface-sterilized again led to 32% sclerotia be infected. Dual culture tests in PDA plates did notgive rise to a suppression zone between the colonies of M. ellipsosporum and its counterpartfungi S. sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani, suggesting there was little or no nutritionalcompetition and absent of antifungal compounds. However, M. ellipsosporum could grow overabsent of S. sclerotiorum and R. solani, and significantly inhibited their growth on agarplates. Scanning electron and light microscopic observations showed that hyphae of M. ellipsosporumgrew along and appressed on hypha of S. sclerotiorum and coiled around hyphae of R. solani.Assays of cell wall-degrading enzymes showed that M. ellipsosporum grew well in chitin agarmedia, with clear transparent hydrolysis zones. Activities of total chitinase, exo-chitinase,β-1, 3-glucanase and protease were 140.2±11.9, 82.9±4.1, 111.2±7.6 and 76.1±4.3 U respect-ively, after incubation for 4 days at 30 ℃ in liquid media containing ground sclerotia of S.sclerotiorum as sole nutrient source. These enzymes might be important in the mycoparasiticactivity of M. ellipsosporum.
基金funded by grants from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,China(202002020029)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2019B020217003)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD02003)the National Key Technology Support Program of China(201303019-02)。
文摘The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.
基金Supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-21)the Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(No.NFZX2021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973568)。
文摘A new isochromanone,cladosporinisochromanone(1),accompanied by 15 known compounds(2–16)were obtained from secondary metabolites produced by marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp.DLT-5.NMR and HRESIMS spectra elucidation determined the planar structure of 1.Subsequent electronic circular dichroism(ECD)experiment assigned the absolute configuration of 1.Compounds 1,2,4–6,and 10 displayed different degrees of neuroprotective activities on human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y.Five compounds(1,3–5,and 13)emerged resistance to protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B),further kinetic analysis and molecular docking study indicated that the most potent compound 13(IC50value of 10.74±0.61μmol/L)was found as a noncompetitive inhibitor for PTP1B.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and molecular docking studies also demonstrated the interaction between compound 12 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1),which has been identified as significant therapeutic target for hypercholesteremia.In addition,compounds 3,6,and 14 showed attractive inhibitory activity against the phytopathogenic fungi:Colletotrichum capsici.Therefore,library of Cladosporium metabolites is enriched and new active uses of known compounds are explored.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960017)Fund Project of Yunnan Education Department(09Y0360)Start Fund ofDali University(KY421140)~~
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the biological diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in the sediment of Erhai Lake.[Method]616 pieces of sediments were collected from Erhai Lake.The traditional classification and identification methods were used to isolate,purify and identify.[Result]3 genera and 22 species of nematode-trapping fungi were isolated.Arthrobotrys oligospora,A.musiformis and Dactylella leptospora were the dominant species,and their detection rates were 28.05%,16.04% and 8.92% respectively.By analyzing the diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in four seasons,it was found that the biological diversity was richer in summer,spring and autumn,and the diversity indexes were 2.59,2.47 and 2.34 respectively.The diversity index in winter was 1.48 and was lower.Species forming the adhesive nets were predominant;positive rate was 41.00%.[Conclusion]The rich nematode-trapping fungi resource existed in Erhai Lake,and its biological diversity had the seasonal variation characteristic.The nematode-trapping fungi which formed the viscous net were the dominant species in Erhai Lake.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30571495)。
文摘Pine wilt disease,caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucnatus,is a serious quarantined disease.Arboreal nematode-trapping fungi of P inus spp.are effective predators on nematodes and have strong host adaptability.The development of these fungal resources may be an effective way to control pine wood nematodes.We collected 515 samples of pine wilt disease from the areas of Ninghai City(Zhejiang province),Shuangbai County(Yunnan province),and Daxing'anling(Heilongjiang province),China.Through isolation,culture and identification,6 species of nematode-trapping fungi(A rthrobotrys cladodesr,A.oligospora,A.musiformis,A.dendroides,Dactylellina ellipsospora,Monacrosporium thaumasium)were identified for predation against B.xylophilus,and 9 species(Arthrobotrys dactyloides,A.cladodes r A.oligospora A.dendroides,Dactylellina ellipsospora,Dactylella asthenopaga,D.leptospora,Arthrobotrys superba,Monacrosporium drechseri)were identified for predation against B.mucnatus.This study provides information in the classification of arboreal predator nematodes and provides an important basis for future biological control of pine wood nematodes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000011,82204239)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022CFB462)+1 种基金the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(P2022-KF03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,South-Central MinZu University(CZY23024).
文摘A series of terpenoids(1-17),comprising six new compounds designated bipolariterpenes A-F(1-6)and eleven rec-ognized compounds(7-17),were isolated from the wheat culture of the potato endophytic fungus Bipolaris eleusines.Their structures and stereochemistry were clarified by HRESIMS,NMR,DP4+probability analyses,and computations for electronic circular dichroism(ECD).All compounds are made up of six meroterpenoids,four sesterterpenes and seven sesquiterpenes.Among them,four sesterterpenes(4,5,10,11)were investigated for their antifungal,antibacterial and cytotoxic properties,and six meroterpenoids(1-3,7-9)were evaluated for their antifungal properties.The compounds 7,9,and 10 had substantial antifungal activity against Epidermophyton floccosum at a concentration of 100μM.No antibacterial and cytotoxic activities were observed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81903512)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,South-Central Minzu University(Grant Number CPT22033).
文摘Three previously undescribed compounds,cordycicadione(1),cordycicadin F(2),and 7-hydroxybassiatin(3),were isolated from the cultures of Cordyceps cicadae JXCH1,an entomopathogenic fungus.Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated primarily by NMR spectroscopic analysis.The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculations.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction method was adopted to determine the absolute configuration of 3.Compound 2 is a polycyclic polyketide with an unusual enol ether moiety and a spiro ring.The compounds obtained in this study were subjected to screening their inhibition against the proliferation of the human lung cancer cell line A549 and the production of nitric oxide in murine macrophages RAW264.7.
文摘Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.In addition,some components of this mushroom appear to possess strong antineoplastic capabilities against gastric and colorectal cancer.This review aims to analyse all available evidence on the digestive therapeutic potential of this fungus as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.
基金supported by the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea,under the ICAN (ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD)Program (IITP-2023-2020-0-01832)supervised by the IITP (Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)and the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund.
文摘Black fungus is a rare and dangerous mycology that usually affects the brain and lungs and could be life-threatening in diabetic cases.Recently,some COVID-19 survivors,especially those with co-morbid diseases,have been susceptible to black fungus.Therefore,recovered COVID-19 patients should seek medical support when they notice mucormycosis symptoms.This paper proposes a novel ensemble deep-learning model that includes three pre-trained models:reset(50),VGG(19),and Inception.Our approach is medically intuitive and efficient compared to the traditional deep learning models.An image dataset was aggregated from various resources and divided into two classes:a black fungus class and a skin infection class.To the best of our knowledge,our study is the first that is concerned with building black fungus detection models based on deep learning algorithms.The proposed approach can significantly improve the performance of the classification task and increase the generalization ability of such a binary classification task.According to the reported results,it has empirically achieved a sensitivity value of 0.9907,a specificity value of 0.9938,a precision value of 0.9938,and a negative predictive value of 0.9907.
基金the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals(No.0106514050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82273811 and 31870326)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA0910500)the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81725021)the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81721005)the Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2020BCA058)the Chinese Medicine Research Foundation of Health Commission of Hubei Province(No.ZY2021Z019).
文摘Two novel compounds including a cyclohelminthol type polyketide(namely oxaleimide K,1)and a maleimide deriva-tive(namely peniroquefortine A,2),and a new natural product(namely 2-(acetylamino)-N-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]-acetamide,3),together with four known compounds(4-7),were isolated and identified from fungus Penicillium roqueforti,which was separated from the root soil of Hypericum beanii N.Robson collected from the Shennongjia For-estry District,Hubei Province.Their structures including absolute configurations were mainly established by the NMR spectroscopy analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment.Compound 1 represents the second example of a cyclohelminthol type polyketide,which features a rare 6/6/5/5 tetracyclic system and a branched aliphatic chain containing a terminal olefin(oct-1-en-3-yl)moiety,and compound 2 possesses an unprecedented carbon skeleton that is uniquely defined by a maleimide moiety linked to the respective 4-methylene-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-phenol and para-substituted aromatic moieties via the carbon-carbon bonds.Remarkably,the absolute configuration of a cyclohelminthol type polyketide as exemplified by compound 1 is determined by the single-crystal diffraction analysis for the first time,highlighting an E-configuration for the linkage of a succinimide moiety and a tetrahydro-furan moiety for 1 rather than a Z-configuration as previously reported in the biosynthesis study,which gives a new insight into the structural elucidation of this category of polyketides.Additionally,compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against multiple tumor cells,especially against the Farage and SU-DHL-2 cells(IC_(50)<20μM,48 h).Further mechanism study revealed that compound 1 significantly induced cell cycle arrest in Farage and SU-DHL-2 cells by causing abnormal ROS level and triggering oxidative stress.
文摘The companion fungus ( Grifola sp.) related to sclerotial formation from hyphae of Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat was isolated from the cavity associated with sclerotia of G. umbellata in natural condition. Experimental results showed that the pure culture of G. umbellata was unable to form sclerotia, whereas sclerotia produced easily in flasks or on trunks when the companion fungus was inoculated together with strain of G. umbellata. The companion fungus is critical for sclerotium formation from hyphae of G. umbellata. Morphological differences were found in cultures of the two fungi. The companion fungus possesses thin-walled narrow hyphae, while G. umbellata is of wider hyphae which are either thick- or thin-walled.
基金Supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(40373044)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(05KJD610209)~~
文摘To investigate the growth conditions of white-rot fungus and simulate its metabolism kinetic models, the rules how the factors such as biomass, culture fluid, pH value, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharides generation, etc., changed during the batch culture process of white-rot fungi by using an air-lift fermenter, as well as metabolic kinetics of white-rot fungi were studied. Based on Logistic equation, Luedeking-Piret equation and experimental data, the correlation model parameters of mycelia biomass, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharide generation were obtained and found to be change with time in metabolism process. Detailedly, μm=0.071 8 h-1,α= 0.831 8 g/(g·h), β= 0.002 g/(g·h), b1=0.016 3 g/(g·h) and b2=3.023 3 g/(g·h). Hence the mycelial growth kinetic model, exopolysaccharide generation kinetic model and substrate consumption kinetic model which describe fermentation process of white-rot fungi were established. Meanwhile, the experimental data were verified by this model, and a good fitting result with an average relative error less than 10% between the data obtained from experiments and the model was yielded. The results show that these models can predict the growth and metabolic rules of white-rot fungus, the fermentation process of exopolysaccharides and the kinetic mechanism of white-rot fungus accurately.
基金Supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2012M511728)~~
文摘[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of different inoculated proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and Phosphate-sotubilizing fungus. Apophysomyces spartina, on growth, chlorophyll contents, P-uptake of castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） and rhizosphere soil pH values, available P concentrations, enzyme activities. [Result] The mixed inoculation of AMF and A. spartina significantly reduced soil pH value, increased soil available phosphorous contents, improved the activities of soil invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Chlorophyll contents, P-uptake, and plant dry weight of castor bean were also in- creased. The optimal proportion of the number of AMF spores to A. spartina colonies was 28.56：11.5×10^5, which had positive effects on saline soil and could stimulate plant growth under greenhouse condition. [Conclusion] Appropriate propor- tion of AMF and A. spartina had the potential to enhance coastal saline soil prop- erty and promote castor bean growth.
基金funded by the Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.2015HA021 and 202401CF070913)the National Science Centre of Poland(Grant No.UMO-2016/23/B/NZ8/00936)supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation。
文摘A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only from imprints in sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous.Discovery of a representative of Pleciofungivoridae in Kachin amber confirms the presence of the family in the Upper Cretaceous.The new species has a unique structure of fore tarsus,with lobed and extended tarsal segments Ⅱ to Ⅳ,a feature hitherto known only in a few species of extant Sciaroidea.Although not particularly rare,the new species is currently known only from female specimens.Possible reasons for this phenomenon,very unusual in Sciaroidea,are briefly discussed,including parthenogenesis as a potentially plausible hypothesis.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (32002095 and 32172217)Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (AA20302018)+4 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province (2020WK2017)Hunan“Three Top”Innovative Talents Project (2022RC1142)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Outstanding Young Scholars (2022JJ20028)Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha (kq2107015)Scientific Research Fund of the Hunan Provincial Education Department (20A241)。
文摘Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82101101).
文摘AIM:To analyze the spectrum of isolated pathogens and antibiotic resistance for ocular infections within 5y at two tertiary hospitals in east China.METHODS:Ocular specimen data were collected from January 2019 to October 2023.The pathogen spectrum and positive culture rate for different infection location,such as keratitis,endophthalmitis,and periocular infections,along with antibiotic resistance were analyzed.RESULTS:We included 2727 specimens,including 827(30.33%)positive cultures.A total of 871 strains were isolated,530(60.85%)bacterial and 341(39.15%)fungal strains were isolated.Gram-positive cocci(GPC)were the most common ocular pathogens.The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis(25.03%),Staphylococcus aureus(7.46%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(4.59%),Corynebacterium macginleyi(3.44%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(3.33%).The most common fungal genera were Fusarium spp.(12.74%),Aspergillus spp.(6.54%),and Scedosporium spp.(5.74%).Staphylococcus epidermidis strains showed more than 50%resistance to fluoroquinolones.Streptococcus pneumoniae and Corynebacterium macginleyi showed more than 90%resistance to erythromycin.The percentage of bacteria showing multidrug resistance(MDR)significantly decreased(χ^(2)=17.44,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:GPC are the most common ocular pathogens.Corynebacterium macginleyi,as the fourth common bacterium,may currently be the local microbiological feature of east China.Fusarium spp.is the most common fungus.More than 50%of the GPC are resistant to fluoroquinolones,penicillins,and macrolides.However,the proportion of MDR strains has been reduced over time.
基金Supported by the Research Fund for the Youth of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2016YQN38)the Independent Innovation Projects for the Universities Institutes of Jinan(201303056)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was to solve the contradiction between fungus and forest during the production of black fungi, and to obtain relatively high economic benefits and ecological benefits. [Method] Black fungi were cultivated in forest with middle-high altitude of 500-1 600 m. The germination time of fungus stick, germination days of buds, growth days of fruiting body, commodity exterior, marketing effect and biological efficiency of black fungi were investigated. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation, black fungus products cultivated under forest had the taste and flavor of wild black fungus. Fungus chaff wastage was directly decomposed by the roots in forest land, improving the soil structure of forest land. The need of moisture retention and the frequent access of administrative staff reduced the probability of forest fire occurrence. [Conclusion] Cultivation of black fungus under forest saves more than 70% fixed-asset investment on fungus shed, and the biological efficiency reached 12.2%.
文摘Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) is an entomopathogenic fungus used as an ecofriendly insecticide to infect arthropods. B. bassiana also possesses endophytic activity to contribute to plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the potential insecticidal and endophytic activity of native B. bassiana isolates. The nymphal and adult stages of the apple tree aphid (Aphis pomi) and whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) were used as targets in bioinsecticidal experiments, and vegetables (beans, tomatoes and cucumbers) were used as targets in biostimulant experiments. The endophytic activity of the B. bassiana strains was assessed after inoculation them to the crop seeds and plants via soil drenching, foliar spraying and seed immersion. In bean plants, seed immersion was the most effective application method. Soil drenching was more effective in the cucumber and tomato plants. The results of in vitro bioassay tests against pests have revealed the LC50 and LT50 values of B. bassiana isolate Col-2. The LC50 of this isolate for A. pomi adults and nymphs was 2.5 × 106 conidia/mL−1;for T. vaporariorum, it was lower 1.8 × 106 conidia/mL−1. Such mortality occurred after 55.49 h. in A. pomi adults and nymphs (LT50), after 62.3 h. in T. vaporariorum (LT50).
