Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal d...Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.展开更多
●AIM:To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma(NTG)who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations.●METHODS:A retrospective analysis was...●AIM:To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma(NTG)who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations.●METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 atypical NTG patients who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)due to atypical symptoms.The demographic characteristics,clinical parameters,and radiological findings were recorded.●RESULTS:Among the patients,66.7%had abnormal radiology results,with the most common findings being gliosis(34.4%),sequelae of cerebrovascular events and vascular malformations(14.4%),and benign intracranial mass lesions(11%).Non-glaucomatous visual field defects were more frequently observed in patients with abnormal neuroimaging results.However,there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure,optic disc parameters,retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,and visual field indices between patients with normal and abnormal radiological results.The mean age of the patients was 58.74y.Interestingly,there was a significant age difference,with the abnormal radiology group having a higher median age(P=0.021).●CONCLUSION:The study highlights the importance of cranial imaging in older NTG patients to detect underlying pathologies and prevent misdiagnosis.It suggests that neuroimaging may be warranted in NTG patients with atypical visual field defects incompatible with glaucoma.However,routine neuroimaging in all NTG patients without classic neurological signs may not be necessary.展开更多
The scientists are dedicated to studying the detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset to find a cure, or at the very least, medication that can slow the progression of the disease. This article explores the effectivene...The scientists are dedicated to studying the detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset to find a cure, or at the very least, medication that can slow the progression of the disease. This article explores the effectiveness of longitudinal data analysis, artificial intelligence, and machine learning approaches based on magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography neuroimaging modalities for progression estimation and the detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset. The significance of feature extraction in highly complex neuroimaging data, identification of vulnerable brain regions, and the determination of the threshold values for plaques, tangles, and neurodegeneration of these regions will extensively be evaluated. Developing automated methods to improve the aforementioned research areas would enable specialists to determine the progression of the disease and find the link between the biomarkers and more accurate detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset.展开更多
Psychiatry belongs to the category of cognitive neuroscience,with its development being greatly influenced by neuroscience.Currently,undergraduate teaching in psychiatry still adopts the teacher-centered indoctrinatio...Psychiatry belongs to the category of cognitive neuroscience,with its development being greatly influenced by neuroscience.Currently,undergraduate teaching in psychiatry still adopts the teacher-centered indoctrination model,leading to ineffective integration of neuroimaging science into the teaching process.In order to improve the quality of psychiatric talent training,the talent training model needs to be adjusted.This article analyzes the current situation of psychiatric teaching,outlines neuroimaging science,summarizes the impact of neuroimaging science on psychiatric teaching,and analyzes the strategies for applying neuroimaging science in psychiatric teaching,with the hope to provide a guideline for relevant teachers.展开更多
Elucidation of critical brain areas or structures that are responsible for recovery of impaired consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness is important because it can provide information that is useful ...Elucidation of critical brain areas or structures that are responsible for recovery of impaired consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness is important because it can provide information that is useful when developing therapeutic strategies for neurorehabilitation or neurointervention in patients with disorders of consciousness.In this review,studies that have demonstrated brain changes during recovery of impaired consciousness were reviewed.These studies used positron emission tomography,electroencephalography/transcranial magnetic stimulation,diffusion tensor tractography,and diffusion tensor tractography/electroencephalography.The majority of these studies reported on the importance of supratentorial areas or structures in the recovery of impaired consciousness.The important brain areas or structures that were identified were the prefrontal cortex,basal forebrain,anterior cingulate cortex,and parietal cortex.These results have a clinically important implication that these brain areas or structures can be target areas for neurorehabilitation or neurointervention in patients with disorders of consciousness.However,most of studies were case reports;therefore,further original studies involving larger numbers of patients with disorders of consciousness are warranted.In addition,more detailed information on the brain areas or structures that are relevant to the recovery of impaired consciousness is needed.展开更多
AIM:To summarize and synthesize current literature on neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A database search for relevant literature was conducted using Pub Med,Scopus...AIM:To summarize and synthesize current literature on neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A database search for relevant literature was conducted using Pub Med,Scopus and Embase in February 2015.Date filters were applied from the year2009 and onward,and studies were limited to those written in the English language and those performed upon human subjects.The initial search yielded 797articles,out of which 38 were pulled for full text review and 27 were included for study analysis.Investigations were reviewed to determine study design,methodology and results,and data points were placed in tabular format to facilitate analysis of study findings across disparate investigations.RESULTS:Analysis of study data resulted in the abstraction of four key themes:Neurohormonal differences,anatomic measurements of brain structure and connectivity,differences in functional responsiveness of the brain during rectal distention,and confounding/correlating patient factors.Studies in this review noted alterations of glutamate in the left hippocampus(HIPP),commonalities across IBS subjects in terms of brain oscillation patterns,cortical thickness/gray matter volume differences,and neuroanatomical regions withincreased activation in patients with IBS:Anterio cingulate cortex,mid cingulate cortex,amygdala anterior insula,posterior insula and prefrontal cortex.A striking finding among interventions was the substantia influence that patient variables(e.g.,sex,psychologica and disease related factors)had upon the identification of neuroanatomical differences in structure and con nectivity.CONCLUSION:The field of neuroimaging can provide insight into underlying physiological differences that distinguish patients with IBS from a healthy population.展开更多
AIM To examine the effects of cognitive remediation therapies on brain functioning through neuroimaging procedures in patients with schizophrenia.METHODS A systematic, computerised literature search was conducted in t...AIM To examine the effects of cognitive remediation therapies on brain functioning through neuroimaging procedures in patients with schizophrenia.METHODS A systematic, computerised literature search was conducted in the PubM ed/Medline and PsychI nfo databases. The search was performed through February 2016 without any restrictions on language or publication date. The search was performed using the following search terms: [("cogniti*" and "remediation" or "training" or "enhancement") and("fMRI" or "MRI" or "PET" or "SPECT") and(schizophrenia or schiz*)]. The search was accompanied by a manual online search and a review of the references from each of the papers selected, and those papers fulfilling our inclusion criteria were also included.RESULTS A total of 101 studies were found, but only 18 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies indicated that cognitive remediation improves brain activation in neuroimaging studies. The most commonly reported changes were those that involved the prefrontal and thalamic regions. Those findings are in agreement with the hypofrontality hypothesis, which proposes that frontal hypoactivation is the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Nonetheless,great heterogeneity among the studies was found. They presented different hypotheses, different results and different findings. The results of more recent studies interpreted cognitive recovery within broader frameworks, namely, as amelioration of the efficiency of different networks. Furthermore, advances in neuroimaging methodologies, such as the use of wholebrain analysis, tractography, graph analysis, and other sophisticated methodologies of data processing, might be conditioning the interpretation of results and generating new theoretical frameworks. Additionally, structural changes were described in both the grey and white matter, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of cognitive remediation. Cognitive, functional and structural improvements tended to be positively correlated.CONCLUSION Neuroimaging studies of cognitive remediation in patients with schizophrenia suggest a positive effect on brain functioning in terms of the functional reorganisation of neural networks.展开更多
Olfactory deficits on measures of identification, familiarity,and memory are consistently noted in patients with psychotic disorders relative to age-matched controls. Olfactory intensity ratings, however, appear to re...Olfactory deficits on measures of identification, familiarity,and memory are consistently noted in patients with psychotic disorders relative to age-matched controls. Olfactory intensity ratings, however, appear to remain intact while the data on hedonics and detection threshold are inconsistent. Despite the behavioral abnormalities noted, no specific regional brain hypoactivity has been identified in psychosis patients, for any of the olfactory domains. However, an intriguing finding emerged from this review in that the amygdala and pirifom cortices were not noted to be abnormal in hedonic processing(nor was the amygdala identified abnormal in any study) in psychotic disorders. This finding is in contrast to the literature in healthy individuals, in that this brain region is strongly implicated in olfactory processing(particularly for unpleasant odorants). Secondary olfactory cortex(orbitofrontal cortices, thalamus, and insula) was abnormally activated in the studies examined, particularly for hedonic processing. Further research, using consistent methodology, is required for better understanding the neurobiology of olfactory deficits. The authors suggest taking age and sex differences into consideration and further contrasting olfactory subgroups(impaired vs intact) to better our understanding of the heterogeneity of psychotic disorders.展开更多
Human prion disease is a rare,uniformly fatal neurodegenerative disorder.Its precise pathogenesis is obscure.The clinical profile of the disease differs among its various forms.There are no definitive diagnostic tests...Human prion disease is a rare,uniformly fatal neurodegenerative disorder.Its precise pathogenesis is obscure.The clinical profile of the disease differs among its various forms.There are no definitive diagnostic tests(except for brain biopsy)or proven treatment.To increase the clinical diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,three laboratory tests,including electroencephalogram,cerebrospinal fluid testing for 14-3-3 protein,and magnetic resonance imaging,are currently used.Additionally,proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography can provide interesting and novel results in the research of human prion disease.展开更多
Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)uses a certain amount of electric current to pass through the head of the patient,causing convulsions throughout the body,to relieve the symptoms of the disease and achieve the purpose of...Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)uses a certain amount of electric current to pass through the head of the patient,causing convulsions throughout the body,to relieve the symptoms of the disease and achieve the purpose of treatment.ECT can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with major depression,but its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear.With the rapid development of neuroimaging technology,it is necessary to explore the neurobiological mechanism of major depression from the aspects of brain structure,brain function and brain metabolism,and to find that ECT can improve the brain function,metabolism and even brain structure of patients to a certain extent.Currently,an increasing number of neuroimaging studies adopt various neuroimaging techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography,magnetic resonance spectroscopy,structural MRI,and diffusion tensor imaging to reveal the neural effects of ECT.This article reviews the recent progress in neuroimaging research on ECT for major depression.The results suggest that the neurobiological mechanism of ECT may be to modulate the functional activity and connectivity or neural structural plasticity in specific brain regions to the normal level,to achieve the therapeutic effect.展开更多
Objective:To identify topics attracting growing research attention as well as frontier trends of acupuncture-neuroimaging research over the past two decades.Methods:This paper reviewed data in the published literature...Objective:To identify topics attracting growing research attention as well as frontier trends of acupuncture-neuroimaging research over the past two decades.Methods:This paper reviewed data in the published literature on acupuncture neuroimaging from 2000 to 2020,which was retrieved from the Web of Science database.Cite Space was used to analyze the publication years,countries,institutions,authors,keywords,co-citation of authors,journals,and references.Results:A total of 981 publications were included in the final review.The number of publications has increased in the recent 20 years accompanied by some fluctuations.Notably,the most productive country was China,while Harvard University ranked first among institutions in this field.The most productive author was Tian J with the highest number of articles(50),whereas the most co-cited author was Hui KKS(325).Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine(92)was the most prolific journal,while Neuroimage was the most co-cited journal(538).An article written by Hui KKS(2005)exhibited the highest co-citation number(112).The keywords"acupuncture"(475)and"electroacupuncture"(0.10)had the highest frequency and centrality,respectively.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)ranked first with the highest citation burst(6.76).Conclusion:The most active research topics in the field of acupuncture-neuroimaging over the past two decades included research type,acupoint specificity,neuroimaging methods,brain regions,acupuncture modality,acupoint specificity,diseases and symptoms treated,and research type.Whilst research frontier topics were"nerve regeneration","functional connectivity","neural regeneration","brain network","fMRI"and"manual acupuncture".展开更多
In the last two decades,neuroimaging techniques have made quite a splash in not only our general understanding of healthy brain working mechanisms but also in gaining a better understanding of cognitive system alterat...In the last two decades,neuroimaging techniques have made quite a splash in not only our general understanding of healthy brain working mechanisms but also in gaining a better understanding of cognitive system alterations in brain disorders,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD)and schizophrenia(SZ),bipolar disorder(BD),etc.展开更多
Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a chronic disabling disease with often unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes.The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5)has broadened the di...Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a chronic disabling disease with often unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes.The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5)has broadened the diagnostic criteria for OCD,acknowledging that some OCD patients may lack insight into their symptoms.Previous studies have demonstrated that insight can impact therapeutic efficacy and prognosis,underscoring its importance in the treatment of mental disorders,including OCD.In recent years,there has been a growing interest in understanding the influence of insight on mental disorders,leading to advancements in related research.However,to the best of our knowledge,there is dearth of comprehensive reviews on the topic of insight in OCD.In this review article,we aim to fill this gap by providing a concise overview of the concept of insight and its multifaceted role in clinical characteristics,neuroimaging mechanisms,and treatment for OCD.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common cause of dementia.Neuropathological changes in AD patients occur up to 10–20 years before the emergence of clinical symptoms.Specific diagnosis and appropriate intervention ...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common cause of dementia.Neuropathological changes in AD patients occur up to 10–20 years before the emergence of clinical symptoms.Specific diagnosis and appropriate intervention strategies are crucial during the phase of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and AD.The detection of biomarkers has emerged as a promising tool for tracking the efficacy of potential therapies,making an early disease diagnosis,and prejudging treatment prognosis.Specifically,multiple neuroimaging modalities,including magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography,optical imaging,and single photon emissioncomputed tomography,have provided a few potential biomarkers for clinical application.The MRI modalities described in this review include structural MRI,functional MRI,diffusion tensor imaging,magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and arterial spin labelling.These techniques allow the detection of presymptomatic diagnostic biomarkers in the brains of cognitively normal elderly people and might also be used to monitor AD disease progression after the onset of clinical symptoms.This review highlights potential biomarkers,merits,and demerits of different neuroimaging modalities and their clinical value in MCI and AD patients.Further studies are necessary to explore more biomarkers and overcome the limitations of multiple neuroimaging modalities for inclusion in diagnostic criteria for AD.展开更多
Social function deficits are a ubiquitous manifestation of many psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia(Burns,2006;Green et al,2015;Schilbach,2016).Patients with schizophrenia(PSZ)exhibit a variety of abnormalit...Social function deficits are a ubiquitous manifestation of many psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia(Burns,2006;Green et al,2015;Schilbach,2016).Patients with schizophrenia(PSZ)exhibit a variety of abnormalities in social cognition related to social perception,facial emotion recognition,mentalization,and interpersonal coordination(Turetsky et al,2007;Schilbach,2016;Green et al,2019).展开更多
Attention constitutes a fundamental psychological feature guiding our mental effort toward specific objects, concurrent with processes such as memory, reasoning, and imagination. Visual attention, crucial for selectin...Attention constitutes a fundamental psychological feature guiding our mental effort toward specific objects, concurrent with processes such as memory, reasoning, and imagination. Visual attention, crucial for selecting surrounding information, often decreases in older adults and patients with cerebrovascular disorders. Effective methods to enhance attention are scarce. Here, we investigated whether color information influences visual attention and brain activity during task performance, utilizing EEG. We examined 13 healthy young adults (seven women and six men;mean age: 21.2 ± 0.58 years) using 19-electrode electroencephalograms to assess the impact of color information on visual attention. The Clinical Assessment for Attention cancellation test was conducted under the black, red, and blue color conditions. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test was used to assess differences in task performance (task time and error) between conditions. Spearman’s rank correlation was utilized to examine the correlation in power levels between task performance and color conditions. Significant variations in total task errors were observed among color conditions. The black condition exhibited the highest error frequency (0.7 ± 0.9 times), followed by the red condition (0.5 ± 0.8 times), with the lowest error frequency occurring in the blue (0.2 ± 0.4 times) condition (black vs. red: P = 0.03;black vs. blue: P = 0.00;red vs. blue: P = 0.032). No time difference was observed. The black condition showed negative delta and high-gamma correlations in the central electrodes. The red condition revealed positive alpha and low-gamma correlations in the frontal and occipital areas. Although no correlations were observed in the blue condition, it enhanced attentional performance. Positive alpha and low-gamma waves might be crucial for spotting attentional errors in key areas. Our findings provide insights into the effects of color information on visual attention and potential neural correlates associated with attentional processes. In conclusion, our study implies a connection between color information and attentional task performance, with blue font associated with the most accurate performance.展开更多
As the worldwide population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases. However, the results of promising medications have been unsatisfactory. Chinese acupuncture has a long history of treating de...As the worldwide population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases. However, the results of promising medications have been unsatisfactory. Chinese acupuncture has a long history of treating dementia, but lack of evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials that validate its efficacy and safety, as well as its lack of clear underlying mechanisms, contribute to its limited application in clinical practice. In recent years, brain imaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, have been used to assess brain responses to acupuncture in a dynamic, visual, and objective way. These techniques are frequently used to explore neurological mechanisms of responses to acupuncture in AD and provide neuroimaging evidence as well as starting points to elucidate the possible mechanisms. This review summarizes the existing brain imaging evidence that explains the effects of acupuncture for AD and analyzes brain responses to acupuncture at cognitive-related acupoints [Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), and Taixi (KI 3)] from perspectives of acupoint specificity and acupoint combinations. Key issues and directions to consider in future studies are also put forward. This review should deepen our understanding of how brain imaging studies can be used to explore the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in AD.展开更多
Background:Leigh syndrome (LS)is a rare disease caused by mitochondrial defects and has high phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. We analyzed the clinical symptoms,neuroimaging,muscular histopathology,and genotypes...Background:Leigh syndrome (LS)is a rare disease caused by mitochondrial defects and has high phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. We analyzed the clinical symptoms,neuroimaging,muscular histopathology,and genotypes of 13 Chinese LS patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)mutations. Methods:Mutations in mtDNA were identified by targeted sequencing.The brain imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed.The levels of lactate in fasting blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)were routinely tested.The levels of urinary organic acids,plasma amino acids,and acylcamitines were examined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. The histopathological traits of skeletal muscles were analyzed under microscope. Results:Among 13 patients,mutations ofMT-NDs (n =8)and MT-ATP6(n =4)genes were most common.Strabismus (8/13),muscle weakness (8/13),and ataxia (5/13)were also common,especially for the patients with late-onset age after 2 years old.However,respiratory distress was common in patients with early-onset age before 2 years old.The most frequently affected brain area in these patients was the brain stem (12/13),particularly the dorsal part of midbrain,followed by basal ganglia (6/13),thalamus (6/13),cerebellum (5/13), and supratentorial white matter (2/13).Besides,the elevated lactate levels in CSF (6/6)were more common than those in serum (7/13). However,the analysis of abnormal plasma amino acid and urinary organic acid showed limited results (0/3and 1/4,respectively).Muscular histopathology showed mitochondrial myopathy in the three late-onset patients but not in the early-onset ones. Conclusions:Noninvasive genetic screening is recommended for mtDNA mutations in MT-NDs and MT-ATP6 genes in patients with ophthalmoplegia,muscle weakness,ataxia,and respiratory disorder.Furthermore,the lactate detection in CSF and the brain MRI scanning are suggested as the diagnosis methods for LS patients with mtDNA mutations.展开更多
The field of functional neuroimaging has substantially advanced as a big data science in the past decade,thanks to international collaborative projects and community efforts.Here we conducted a literature review on fu...The field of functional neuroimaging has substantially advanced as a big data science in the past decade,thanks to international collaborative projects and community efforts.Here we conducted a literature review on functional neuroimaging,with focus on three general challenges in big data tasks:data collection and sharing,data infrastructure construction,and data analysis methods.The review covers a wide range of literature types including perspectives,database descriptions,methodology developments,and technical details.We show how each of the challenges was proposed and addressed,and how these solutions formed the three core foundations for the functional neuroimaging as a big data science and helped to build the current data-rich and data-driven community.Furthermore,based on our review of recent literature on the upcoming challenges and opportunities toward future scientific discoveries,we envisioned that the functional neuroimaging community needs to advance from the current foundations to better data integration infrastructure,methodology development toward improved learning capability,and multi-discipline translational research framework for this new era of big data.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China,Nos.2022NSFSC1545 (to YG),2022NSFSC1387 (to ZF)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China,Nos.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0038,cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0035 (both to XT)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001378 (to XT)the Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau,No.2023QNXM009 (to XT)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China,No.KJQN202200435 (to XT)the Chongqing Talents:Exceptional Young Talents Project,No.CQYC202005014 (to XT)。
文摘Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.
文摘●AIM:To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma(NTG)who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations.●METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 atypical NTG patients who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)due to atypical symptoms.The demographic characteristics,clinical parameters,and radiological findings were recorded.●RESULTS:Among the patients,66.7%had abnormal radiology results,with the most common findings being gliosis(34.4%),sequelae of cerebrovascular events and vascular malformations(14.4%),and benign intracranial mass lesions(11%).Non-glaucomatous visual field defects were more frequently observed in patients with abnormal neuroimaging results.However,there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure,optic disc parameters,retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,and visual field indices between patients with normal and abnormal radiological results.The mean age of the patients was 58.74y.Interestingly,there was a significant age difference,with the abnormal radiology group having a higher median age(P=0.021).●CONCLUSION:The study highlights the importance of cranial imaging in older NTG patients to detect underlying pathologies and prevent misdiagnosis.It suggests that neuroimaging may be warranted in NTG patients with atypical visual field defects incompatible with glaucoma.However,routine neuroimaging in all NTG patients without classic neurological signs may not be necessary.
文摘The scientists are dedicated to studying the detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset to find a cure, or at the very least, medication that can slow the progression of the disease. This article explores the effectiveness of longitudinal data analysis, artificial intelligence, and machine learning approaches based on magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography neuroimaging modalities for progression estimation and the detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset. The significance of feature extraction in highly complex neuroimaging data, identification of vulnerable brain regions, and the determination of the threshold values for plaques, tangles, and neurodegeneration of these regions will extensively be evaluated. Developing automated methods to improve the aforementioned research areas would enable specialists to determine the progression of the disease and find the link between the biomarkers and more accurate detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset.
文摘Psychiatry belongs to the category of cognitive neuroscience,with its development being greatly influenced by neuroscience.Currently,undergraduate teaching in psychiatry still adopts the teacher-centered indoctrination model,leading to ineffective integration of neuroimaging science into the teaching process.In order to improve the quality of psychiatric talent training,the talent training model needs to be adjusted.This article analyzes the current situation of psychiatric teaching,outlines neuroimaging science,summarizes the impact of neuroimaging science on psychiatric teaching,and analyzes the strategies for applying neuroimaging science in psychiatric teaching,with the hope to provide a guideline for relevant teachers.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIP)(No.2018R1A2B6000996to SHJ)
文摘Elucidation of critical brain areas or structures that are responsible for recovery of impaired consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness is important because it can provide information that is useful when developing therapeutic strategies for neurorehabilitation or neurointervention in patients with disorders of consciousness.In this review,studies that have demonstrated brain changes during recovery of impaired consciousness were reviewed.These studies used positron emission tomography,electroencephalography/transcranial magnetic stimulation,diffusion tensor tractography,and diffusion tensor tractography/electroencephalography.The majority of these studies reported on the importance of supratentorial areas or structures in the recovery of impaired consciousness.The important brain areas or structures that were identified were the prefrontal cortex,basal forebrain,anterior cingulate cortex,and parietal cortex.These results have a clinically important implication that these brain areas or structures can be target areas for neurorehabilitation or neurointervention in patients with disorders of consciousness.However,most of studies were case reports;therefore,further original studies involving larger numbers of patients with disorders of consciousness are warranted.In addition,more detailed information on the brain areas or structures that are relevant to the recovery of impaired consciousness is needed.
基金Supported by Division of Intramural ResearchNational Institute of Nursing Research to W.A.H.No.1ZIANR000018-01-05
文摘AIM:To summarize and synthesize current literature on neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A database search for relevant literature was conducted using Pub Med,Scopus and Embase in February 2015.Date filters were applied from the year2009 and onward,and studies were limited to those written in the English language and those performed upon human subjects.The initial search yielded 797articles,out of which 38 were pulled for full text review and 27 were included for study analysis.Investigations were reviewed to determine study design,methodology and results,and data points were placed in tabular format to facilitate analysis of study findings across disparate investigations.RESULTS:Analysis of study data resulted in the abstraction of four key themes:Neurohormonal differences,anatomic measurements of brain structure and connectivity,differences in functional responsiveness of the brain during rectal distention,and confounding/correlating patient factors.Studies in this review noted alterations of glutamate in the left hippocampus(HIPP),commonalities across IBS subjects in terms of brain oscillation patterns,cortical thickness/gray matter volume differences,and neuroanatomical regions withincreased activation in patients with IBS:Anterio cingulate cortex,mid cingulate cortex,amygdala anterior insula,posterior insula and prefrontal cortex.A striking finding among interventions was the substantia influence that patient variables(e.g.,sex,psychologica and disease related factors)had upon the identification of neuroanatomical differences in structure and con nectivity.CONCLUSION:The field of neuroimaging can provide insight into underlying physiological differences that distinguish patients with IBS from a healthy population.
基金Supported by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ of Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS,No.PI 11/09158(to Penadés R)
文摘AIM To examine the effects of cognitive remediation therapies on brain functioning through neuroimaging procedures in patients with schizophrenia.METHODS A systematic, computerised literature search was conducted in the PubM ed/Medline and PsychI nfo databases. The search was performed through February 2016 without any restrictions on language or publication date. The search was performed using the following search terms: [("cogniti*" and "remediation" or "training" or "enhancement") and("fMRI" or "MRI" or "PET" or "SPECT") and(schizophrenia or schiz*)]. The search was accompanied by a manual online search and a review of the references from each of the papers selected, and those papers fulfilling our inclusion criteria were also included.RESULTS A total of 101 studies were found, but only 18 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies indicated that cognitive remediation improves brain activation in neuroimaging studies. The most commonly reported changes were those that involved the prefrontal and thalamic regions. Those findings are in agreement with the hypofrontality hypothesis, which proposes that frontal hypoactivation is the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Nonetheless,great heterogeneity among the studies was found. They presented different hypotheses, different results and different findings. The results of more recent studies interpreted cognitive recovery within broader frameworks, namely, as amelioration of the efficiency of different networks. Furthermore, advances in neuroimaging methodologies, such as the use of wholebrain analysis, tractography, graph analysis, and other sophisticated methodologies of data processing, might be conditioning the interpretation of results and generating new theoretical frameworks. Additionally, structural changes were described in both the grey and white matter, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of cognitive remediation. Cognitive, functional and structural improvements tended to be positively correlated.CONCLUSION Neuroimaging studies of cognitive remediation in patients with schizophrenia suggest a positive effect on brain functioning in terms of the functional reorganisation of neural networks.
基金Supported by In part the Department of Psychiatry Dalhousie UniversityThe Faculty of Medicine at Dalhousie University+1 种基金The Nova Scotia Health Research Fundthe Canadian Institutes of Health Research
文摘Olfactory deficits on measures of identification, familiarity,and memory are consistently noted in patients with psychotic disorders relative to age-matched controls. Olfactory intensity ratings, however, appear to remain intact while the data on hedonics and detection threshold are inconsistent. Despite the behavioral abnormalities noted, no specific regional brain hypoactivity has been identified in psychosis patients, for any of the olfactory domains. However, an intriguing finding emerged from this review in that the amygdala and pirifom cortices were not noted to be abnormal in hedonic processing(nor was the amygdala identified abnormal in any study) in psychotic disorders. This finding is in contrast to the literature in healthy individuals, in that this brain region is strongly implicated in olfactory processing(particularly for unpleasant odorants). Secondary olfactory cortex(orbitofrontal cortices, thalamus, and insula) was abnormally activated in the studies examined, particularly for hedonic processing. Further research, using consistent methodology, is required for better understanding the neurobiology of olfactory deficits. The authors suggest taking age and sex differences into consideration and further contrasting olfactory subgroups(impaired vs intact) to better our understanding of the heterogeneity of psychotic disorders.
文摘Human prion disease is a rare,uniformly fatal neurodegenerative disorder.Its precise pathogenesis is obscure.The clinical profile of the disease differs among its various forms.There are no definitive diagnostic tests(except for brain biopsy)or proven treatment.To increase the clinical diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,three laboratory tests,including electroencephalogram,cerebrospinal fluid testing for 14-3-3 protein,and magnetic resonance imaging,are currently used.Additionally,proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography can provide interesting and novel results in the research of human prion disease.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81901373。
文摘Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)uses a certain amount of electric current to pass through the head of the patient,causing convulsions throughout the body,to relieve the symptoms of the disease and achieve the purpose of treatment.ECT can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with major depression,but its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear.With the rapid development of neuroimaging technology,it is necessary to explore the neurobiological mechanism of major depression from the aspects of brain structure,brain function and brain metabolism,and to find that ECT can improve the brain function,metabolism and even brain structure of patients to a certain extent.Currently,an increasing number of neuroimaging studies adopt various neuroimaging techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography,magnetic resonance spectroscopy,structural MRI,and diffusion tensor imaging to reveal the neural effects of ECT.This article reviews the recent progress in neuroimaging research on ECT for major depression.The results suggest that the neurobiological mechanism of ECT may be to modulate the functional activity and connectivity or neural structural plasticity in specific brain regions to the normal level,to achieve the therapeutic effect.
基金Supported by the Leading Talents of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu(No.k2018j06)。
文摘Objective:To identify topics attracting growing research attention as well as frontier trends of acupuncture-neuroimaging research over the past two decades.Methods:This paper reviewed data in the published literature on acupuncture neuroimaging from 2000 to 2020,which was retrieved from the Web of Science database.Cite Space was used to analyze the publication years,countries,institutions,authors,keywords,co-citation of authors,journals,and references.Results:A total of 981 publications were included in the final review.The number of publications has increased in the recent 20 years accompanied by some fluctuations.Notably,the most productive country was China,while Harvard University ranked first among institutions in this field.The most productive author was Tian J with the highest number of articles(50),whereas the most co-cited author was Hui KKS(325).Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine(92)was the most prolific journal,while Neuroimage was the most co-cited journal(538).An article written by Hui KKS(2005)exhibited the highest co-citation number(112).The keywords"acupuncture"(475)and"electroacupuncture"(0.10)had the highest frequency and centrality,respectively.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)ranked first with the highest citation burst(6.76).Conclusion:The most active research topics in the field of acupuncture-neuroimaging over the past two decades included research type,acupoint specificity,neuroimaging methods,brain regions,acupuncture modality,acupoint specificity,diseases and symptoms treated,and research type.Whilst research frontier topics were"nerve regeneration","functional connectivity","neural regeneration","brain network","fMRI"and"manual acupuncture".
文摘In the last two decades,neuroimaging techniques have made quite a splash in not only our general understanding of healthy brain working mechanisms but also in gaining a better understanding of cognitive system alterations in brain disorders,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD)and schizophrenia(SZ),bipolar disorder(BD),etc.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFF0702200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (82101323)+3 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (LGF19H090015)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (2021C03001)Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission (2022KY993)Key Project for Hangzhou Medical Disciplines,and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019XZZX003-20).
文摘Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a chronic disabling disease with often unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes.The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5)has broadened the diagnostic criteria for OCD,acknowledging that some OCD patients may lack insight into their symptoms.Previous studies have demonstrated that insight can impact therapeutic efficacy and prognosis,underscoring its importance in the treatment of mental disorders,including OCD.In recent years,there has been a growing interest in understanding the influence of insight on mental disorders,leading to advancements in related research.However,to the best of our knowledge,there is dearth of comprehensive reviews on the topic of insight in OCD.In this review article,we aim to fill this gap by providing a concise overview of the concept of insight and its multifaceted role in clinical characteristics,neuroimaging mechanisms,and treatment for OCD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.82001240)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (YQ2021H011)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M670925,2022T150172)Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-Z19027,LBH-TZ2019)Sichuan Provincial Administr ation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021MS286)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (2019MS08185).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common cause of dementia.Neuropathological changes in AD patients occur up to 10–20 years before the emergence of clinical symptoms.Specific diagnosis and appropriate intervention strategies are crucial during the phase of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and AD.The detection of biomarkers has emerged as a promising tool for tracking the efficacy of potential therapies,making an early disease diagnosis,and prejudging treatment prognosis.Specifically,multiple neuroimaging modalities,including magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography,optical imaging,and single photon emissioncomputed tomography,have provided a few potential biomarkers for clinical application.The MRI modalities described in this review include structural MRI,functional MRI,diffusion tensor imaging,magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and arterial spin labelling.These techniques allow the detection of presymptomatic diagnostic biomarkers in the brains of cognitively normal elderly people and might also be used to monitor AD disease progression after the onset of clinical symptoms.This review highlights potential biomarkers,merits,and demerits of different neuroimaging modalities and their clinical value in MCI and AD patients.Further studies are necessary to explore more biomarkers and overcome the limitations of multiple neuroimaging modalities for inclusion in diagnostic criteria for AD.
基金Support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62207025 to Y.P.and 82201658 to J.C.)the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project from the Ministry of Education of China (No.22YJC190017 to Y.P.)+1 种基金the STI2030-Major Projects (No.2022ZD0214000 to J.C.)the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2021YFC2502200 to J.C.).
文摘Social function deficits are a ubiquitous manifestation of many psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia(Burns,2006;Green et al,2015;Schilbach,2016).Patients with schizophrenia(PSZ)exhibit a variety of abnormalities in social cognition related to social perception,facial emotion recognition,mentalization,and interpersonal coordination(Turetsky et al,2007;Schilbach,2016;Green et al,2019).
文摘Attention constitutes a fundamental psychological feature guiding our mental effort toward specific objects, concurrent with processes such as memory, reasoning, and imagination. Visual attention, crucial for selecting surrounding information, often decreases in older adults and patients with cerebrovascular disorders. Effective methods to enhance attention are scarce. Here, we investigated whether color information influences visual attention and brain activity during task performance, utilizing EEG. We examined 13 healthy young adults (seven women and six men;mean age: 21.2 ± 0.58 years) using 19-electrode electroencephalograms to assess the impact of color information on visual attention. The Clinical Assessment for Attention cancellation test was conducted under the black, red, and blue color conditions. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test was used to assess differences in task performance (task time and error) between conditions. Spearman’s rank correlation was utilized to examine the correlation in power levels between task performance and color conditions. Significant variations in total task errors were observed among color conditions. The black condition exhibited the highest error frequency (0.7 ± 0.9 times), followed by the red condition (0.5 ± 0.8 times), with the lowest error frequency occurring in the blue (0.2 ± 0.4 times) condition (black vs. red: P = 0.03;black vs. blue: P = 0.00;red vs. blue: P = 0.032). No time difference was observed. The black condition showed negative delta and high-gamma correlations in the central electrodes. The red condition revealed positive alpha and low-gamma correlations in the frontal and occipital areas. Although no correlations were observed in the blue condition, it enhanced attentional performance. Positive alpha and low-gamma waves might be crucial for spotting attentional errors in key areas. Our findings provide insights into the effects of color information on visual attention and potential neural correlates associated with attentional processes. In conclusion, our study implies a connection between color information and attentional task performance, with blue font associated with the most accurate performance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373741)Chinese Medicine and Integrated Medicine Research Projects(2017,No.20) funded by Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province(No.24)Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion(2014,No.8)
文摘As the worldwide population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases. However, the results of promising medications have been unsatisfactory. Chinese acupuncture has a long history of treating dementia, but lack of evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials that validate its efficacy and safety, as well as its lack of clear underlying mechanisms, contribute to its limited application in clinical practice. In recent years, brain imaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, have been used to assess brain responses to acupuncture in a dynamic, visual, and objective way. These techniques are frequently used to explore neurological mechanisms of responses to acupuncture in AD and provide neuroimaging evidence as well as starting points to elucidate the possible mechanisms. This review summarizes the existing brain imaging evidence that explains the effects of acupuncture for AD and analyzes brain responses to acupuncture at cognitive-related acupoints [Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), and Taixi (KI 3)] from perspectives of acupoint specificity and acupoint combinations. Key issues and directions to consider in future studies are also put forward. This review should deepen our understanding of how brain imaging studies can be used to explore the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in AD.
基金the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81671235and 81701237) the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province.
文摘Background:Leigh syndrome (LS)is a rare disease caused by mitochondrial defects and has high phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. We analyzed the clinical symptoms,neuroimaging,muscular histopathology,and genotypes of 13 Chinese LS patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)mutations. Methods:Mutations in mtDNA were identified by targeted sequencing.The brain imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed.The levels of lactate in fasting blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)were routinely tested.The levels of urinary organic acids,plasma amino acids,and acylcamitines were examined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. The histopathological traits of skeletal muscles were analyzed under microscope. Results:Among 13 patients,mutations ofMT-NDs (n =8)and MT-ATP6(n =4)genes were most common.Strabismus (8/13),muscle weakness (8/13),and ataxia (5/13)were also common,especially for the patients with late-onset age after 2 years old.However,respiratory distress was common in patients with early-onset age before 2 years old.The most frequently affected brain area in these patients was the brain stem (12/13),particularly the dorsal part of midbrain,followed by basal ganglia (6/13),thalamus (6/13),cerebellum (5/13), and supratentorial white matter (2/13).Besides,the elevated lactate levels in CSF (6/6)were more common than those in serum (7/13). However,the analysis of abnormal plasma amino acid and urinary organic acid showed limited results (0/3and 1/4,respectively).Muscular histopathology showed mitochondrial myopathy in the three late-onset patients but not in the early-onset ones. Conclusions:Noninvasive genetic screening is recommended for mtDNA mutations in MT-NDs and MT-ATP6 genes in patients with ophthalmoplegia,muscle weakness,ataxia,and respiratory disorder.Furthermore,the lactate detection in CSF and the brain MRI scanning are suggested as the diagnosis methods for LS patients with mtDNA mutations.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health,United States(Grant No.RF1AG052653)
文摘The field of functional neuroimaging has substantially advanced as a big data science in the past decade,thanks to international collaborative projects and community efforts.Here we conducted a literature review on functional neuroimaging,with focus on three general challenges in big data tasks:data collection and sharing,data infrastructure construction,and data analysis methods.The review covers a wide range of literature types including perspectives,database descriptions,methodology developments,and technical details.We show how each of the challenges was proposed and addressed,and how these solutions formed the three core foundations for the functional neuroimaging as a big data science and helped to build the current data-rich and data-driven community.Furthermore,based on our review of recent literature on the upcoming challenges and opportunities toward future scientific discoveries,we envisioned that the functional neuroimaging community needs to advance from the current foundations to better data integration infrastructure,methodology development toward improved learning capability,and multi-discipline translational research framework for this new era of big data.
