Jiangsu Feng Ming Group is a large and comprehensive provincial foodstuff enterprise group combining research, development, production and operation, trading and circulation and service. Over the past few years, on th...Jiangsu Feng Ming Group is a large and comprehensive provincial foodstuff enterprise group combining research, development, production and operation, trading and circulation and service. Over the past few years, on the basis of the processing of fruits and vegetables and taking its name brand products as the lead, the group has展开更多
Whey protein products provided ideal ingredients for nutritional food applications.Whey proteins are known to have high nutritional quality due to their high content of essential amino acids,high digestibility and bio...Whey protein products provided ideal ingredients for nutritional food applications.Whey proteins are known to have high nutritional quality due to their high content of essential amino acids,high digestibility and biological value.Research in the past decades has shown that many of the whey protein fractions and peptides derived from them possess various biological activities.The technology developments in the last decade,such as those in the areas of protein fractionation technologies have made industrial scale production of fractionated whey protein products commercially feasible.The development in hydrolysis technology and the peptide analytical capability allowed production of whey protein hydrolysates with designed bioactivity and functionalities.People are continuously finding new biological activities of the various whey protein fractions or their hydrolysis products.Significant amount of research has also been carried out to study the clinical benefits of some of the whey protein fractions and whey protein derived peptides.Examples of these studies will be reviewed and discussed.展开更多
The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigat...The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.展开更多
Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of util...Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of utilizing crowdsourcing in product design are well-documented, but little research exists on what are the barriers and opportunities in adopting crowdsourcing in new product development （NPD） of manufacturing SMEs. In order to answer the above questions, a Proof of Market study is carried out on crowdsourcing-based product design under an Innovate UK funded Smart project, which aims at identifying the needs, challenges and future development opportunities associated with adopting crowdsourcing strategies for NPD. The research findings from this study are reported here and can be used to guide future development of crowdsourcing-based collaborative design methods and tools and provide some practical references for industry to adopt this new and emerging collaborative design method in their business.展开更多
This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management ...This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management and technological capability has positive impact on new product development.Moreover, the leading synergy processes between technology management and technological capability in different new product development stages are different.This paper deepens the theoretical understanding of how to achieve new product development, and also provides useful guidance for firms to implement new product development.展开更多
In order to identify the effective decision-making factors at the individual NPD project manager level, a new effective decision-making model has been established by introducing the concept of decision-making effectiv...In order to identify the effective decision-making factors at the individual NPD project manager level, a new effective decision-making model has been established by introducing the concept of decision-making effectiveness, analyzing the role of expertise, and identifying the major role of expertise and insight with respect to the interfaces between a new product, an organization, customers, technologies and regulations, for the study of the effective decision-making facilitators and inhibitors for a NPD project. The analysis of the unique task conditions for individual decision-makers shows that perceived complexity, uncertainty and time pressure have their negative effect on the effective decision-making process. It is concluded that the flexible, balanced and appropriate use of rational analysis, common sense and intuition is a key effective decision-making factor, and the psychologically ‘active attitude’ of a manager is also an important factor for successful dealing with the difficult task conditions.展开更多
Nowadays, the rapid changes in the marketing environment of construction products accelerate the shortening tendency of product life cycles which in return put pressure on companies to produce successful new products ...Nowadays, the rapid changes in the marketing environment of construction products accelerate the shortening tendency of product life cycles which in return put pressure on companies to produce successful new products and adopt innovative strategies to survive and expand in the fast competitive environment. The success of the new construction products calls for a high-quality and well-managed product development process. Thus, this study aims at defining the basic steps of a NPD （new product development） process designed for floor coverings and evaluating its applicability. To this end, the product development methods of the leading companies in the construction sector in Turkey have been analyzed. Also, a questionnaire has been conducted to determine which of the steps of the proposed methodology are currently being realized and which are not or cannot be implemented. Finally, based on this information, certain suggestions have been made as to what can be done to enhance the NPD processes of the companies＇ subject to evaluation.展开更多
This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that en...This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.展开更多
Baosteel's high-frequency electric resistance welded(HFW) 610 longitudinal seam mill(8 5/8″-24″, the yearly output 300000 t) and UOE 1422 longitudinal submerged arc welding(SAW) mill(20' -56',the yearly ...Baosteel's high-frequency electric resistance welded(HFW) 610 longitudinal seam mill(8 5/8″-24″, the yearly output 300000 t) and UOE 1422 longitudinal submerged arc welding(SAW) mill(20' -56',the yearly output 500000 t) are established in 2005 and 2008,respectively.Product specification covers whole of API 5CT standard and most of API 5L standard,terminating the history of manufacturing the medium and large size pipes at Baosteel.The yearly output increased from 1,200000 t to nearly 2000000 t.HFW 610 mill is oriented at mid size pipes,which are mainly linepipe and welded casing.The designed yearly output of HFW mill is 300000 t,including casing of 90000 t,linepipe of 180000 t,round structural pipe of 15000 t and rectangle structural pipe of 15000 t. The yearly output of oil casing line supporting the welding line is 120000 t,among which including welded casing and seamless casing of 30000 t.Baosteel's HFW 610 longitudinal seam mill was established on October 27,2005. After the equipment trial run In October,2005 - March,2006 and equipment function examination In April,2006 - June,2006,mass production started in July 2006.And in December 2006,monthly designed capacity was achieved,reaching to 30496.644 t in welding pipe and 28 349.939 t in finished pipe.The output of 2006,2007, 2008 and 2009 was 117 067 t,223 554 t,255 791 t,and 204 424 t,with the comprehensive yield ratio 79.4%, 87.8%,90.80%and 91.92%respectively.This study introduces Baosteel HFW 610 Mill which is the world class,energy conservation and environmental protection enterprise,including product orientation,process and new product development.展开更多
This paper is a case study about how a new product developed by Western multinational company enters new market ?the China's Mainland. In this study, a new fabric ?DuPont's hi-technical Tyvek?PU Coating, is fa...This paper is a case study about how a new product developed by Western multinational company enters new market ?the China's Mainland. In this study, a new fabric ?DuPont's hi-technical Tyvek?PU Coating, is fashionized and developed into a new fashionable and functional casual-rainwear, using the approach of new product development method ( idea generation; screening; business analysis; development; evaluation and testing; commercialization).展开更多
Our Japanese industry-university project group of Aoyama Gakuin University investigated and studied new educational programs to cultivate“future strategy design”human resources over several years.The purpose of this...Our Japanese industry-university project group of Aoyama Gakuin University investigated and studied new educational programs to cultivate“future strategy design”human resources over several years.The purpose of this research paper is to describe two types of educational programs.The first program proposes the system creator,which is capable of new product design and innovative management that use advanced technologies such as internet of things(IoT),artificial intelligence(AI),and augmented and virtual reality.The second program proposes the business producer that is capable of platform service business modeling,product development and strategy,and customer service.The characteristics of these programs involve applying new educational methods to combine project-based learning(PBL)and active learning.展开更多
Purpose-In this paper,the four popular multiple-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods in fuzzy environment are utilized to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of decision-makers(DMs),because the cri...Purpose-In this paper,the four popular multiple-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods in fuzzy environment are utilized to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of decision-makers(DMs),because the crisp pairwise comparison in these conventional MCDM methods seems to be insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of DMs.Of these methods,as Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(F-AHP)is used to calculate criteria weights,the other methods;Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(F-TOPSIS),Fuzzy Grey relational analysis(F-GRA)and Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization METhod for Enrichment of Evaluations(F-PROMETHEE II)are used to rank alternatives in the three different ways for a comparative study.Design/methodology/approach-The demand for green products has dramatically increased because the importance and public awareness of the preservation of natural environment was taken into consideration much more in the last two decades.As a result of this,especially manufacturing companies have been forced to design more green products,resulting in a problem of how they incorporate environmental issues into their design and evaluate concept options.The need for the practical decision-making tools to address this problem is rapidly evolving since the problem turns into an MCDM problem in the presence of a set of green concept alternatives and criteria.Findings-The incorporation of fuzzy set theory into these methods is discussed on a real-life case study,and a comparative analysis is done by using its numerical results in which the three fuzzy-based methods reveal the same outcomes(or rankings),while F-GRA requires less computational steps.Moreover,more detailed analyses on the numerical results of the case study are completed on the normalization methods,distance metrics,aggregation functions,defuzzification methods and other issues.Research limitations/implications-The designing and manufacturing environmental-friendly products in a product design process has been a vital issue for many companies which take care of reflecting environmental issues into their product design and meeting standards of recent green guidelines.These companies have utilized these guidelines by following special procedures at the design phase.Along the design process consisting of various steps,the environmental issues have been considered an important factor in the end-of-life of products since it can reduce the impact on the nature.In the stage of developing a new product with the aim of environmental-friendly design,the green thinking should be incorporated as early as possible in the process.Practical implications-The case study was inspired from the previous work of the author,which was realized in a hot runner systems manufacturer,used in injection molding systems in a Canada.In a new product development process,the back-and front-ends of development efforts mainly determine the following criteria:cost,risk,quality and green used in this paper.The case study showed that the three fuzzy MCDM methods come to the same ranking outcomes.F-GRA has a better time complexity compared to the other two methods and uses a smaller number of computational steps.Moreover,a comparative analysis of the three F-MCDM methods;F-PROMETHEE II,F-TOPSIS and F-GRA used in ranking for green concept alternatives using the numerical results of the case study.For the case study;as seen in table 20,the three F-MCDM methods produced the numerical results on the rankings of the green concept alternatives as follows;{Concept AConcept C-Concept B-Concept D}.Social implications-Inclusion of environmental-related criteria into concept selection problem has been gaining increasing importance in the last decade.Therefore,to facilitate necessary calculations in applying each method especially with its fuzzy extension,it can be developed a knowledge-based(KB)or an expert system(ES)to help the DMs make the required calculations of each method,and interpret its results with detailed analysis.Originality/value-The objective of the research was to propose a F-AHP based F-MCDM approach to green concept selection problem through F-PROMETHEE II,F-TOPSIS and F-GRA methods.As the F-AHP is used to weight evaluation criteria,the other methods are respectively used for ranking the concept alternatives and determine the best concept alternative.展开更多
Big data knowledge,such as customer demands and consumer preferences,is among the crucial external knowledge that firms need for new product development in the big data environment.Prior research has focused on the pr...Big data knowledge,such as customer demands and consumer preferences,is among the crucial external knowledge that firms need for new product development in the big data environment.Prior research has focused on the profit of big data knowledge providers rather than the profit and pricing schemes of knowledge recipients.This research addresses this theoretical gap and uses theoretical and numerical analysis to compare the profitability of two pricing schemes commonly used by knowledge recipients:subscription pricing and pay-per-use pricing.We find that:(1)the subscription price of big data knowledge has no effect on the optimal time of knowledge transaction in the same pricing scheme,but the usage ratio of the big data knowledge affects the optimal time of knowledge transaction,and the smaller the usage ratio of big data knowledge the earlier the big data knowledge transaction conducts;(2)big data knowledge with a higher update rate can bring greater profits to the firm both in subscription pricing scheme and pay-per-use pricing scheme;(3)a knowledge recipient will choose the knowledge that can bring a higher market share growth rate regardless of what price scheme it adopts,and firms can choose more efficient knowledge in the pay-per-use pricing scheme by adjusting the usage ratio of knowledge usage according to their economic conditions.The model and findings in this paper can help knowledge recipient firms select optimal pricing method and enhance future new product development performance.展开更多
This study shows the impact of fuzzy front end （FFE） phase during innovation process on new product development （NPD） project success in two East Asian countries--Korea and Japan was explored via employing compara...This study shows the impact of fuzzy front end （FFE） phase during innovation process on new product development （NPD） project success in two East Asian countries--Korea and Japan was explored via employing comparative study. Authors decided to consider two East Asian countries＇ successful periods as comparison samples for the study of this issue. The 1980s are considered to be ＂golden age＂ of Japanese manufacturing firms when they were extremely successful on global market. Korean firms are enjoying competitive advantage in the late 2000s and the beginning of the 2010s. A conceptual model was developed based on previous research. The model was tested using data from 293 Korean manufacturing firms in the late 2000s and from 540 Japanese manufacturing firms in the late 1980s using structural equation modeling （SEM） technique. In both countries, the effect of intensity of planning on efficiency, prior to the development, was high. Moreover, effect of market uncertainties on effectiveness was significant. Therefore, effective initial planning and good analysis of market prior to the development have positive impacts on NPD project success. In the late 80s, in the period of stability of the economy in the world, the Japanese finns were successful concentrating more on FFE activities, such as market and technological research and initial planning. However, in the 2000s when the world economy started to change so fast and the demands for the goods change so fast, the Korean firms became more successful, thanks to flexibility in the system of NPD project strategies where system was not fixed to the initial plans but where the changes within the project execution phase were allowed. Thus Korean and Japanese firms had different strategies in NPD process in the two different periods. Japanese firms were concentrated more on FFE activities and tended to keep initial plans during development process, while the Korean firms were more flexible in project execution phase allowing dramatic changes to the initial plans.展开更多
Uncertainty is a main source of opportunistic behaviors in research and development cooperations,which challenges strategic decisions ranging from investments to operations.To avoid opportunism arising in cooperations...Uncertainty is a main source of opportunistic behaviors in research and development cooperations,which challenges strategic decisions ranging from investments to operations.To avoid opportunism arising in cooperations,commitments(either formal contracts or informal communications)are generally made in advance by members of an alliance.However,how does a commitment encourage R&D investments and ultimately enhance the total performance,without loss of flexibility in ex post operations?This study attempts to answer this by investigating a bounded commitment in the context of vertical collaborations in a supply chain.In this exploratory study,a 3-stage game model is used(by backward induction)to examine a two-echelon supply chain under a bounded commitment in NPD.Our analysis shows that upstream R&D investment is stimulated more and that both members are better off under the bounded commitment.At the same time,when the relative bargaining power between the supplier and the manufacturer falls into an appropriate area,it is possible to reach a bounded commitment,and the manufacturer is more sensitive to this relationship.Finally,the bounded commitment restrains opportunistic behaviors,but there is no strong sign that an increase in the ratio of the order outside the chain to the inside one can make firms better.展开更多
The issue of accountants＇ role in decision-making has been the center of attention of lots of studies in the last decade but never did it get the adequate coverage in Lebanon. This paper studies to what extent accoun...The issue of accountants＇ role in decision-making has been the center of attention of lots of studies in the last decade but never did it get the adequate coverage in Lebanon. This paper studies to what extent accountants are involved in the managerial decision-making in Lebanon. Two hundred experienced accountants from all over the country were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey. This survey provides evidence as to what factors contribute to the variance of influence accountants have in managerial decision-making. The results from the questionnaires varied, but we conclude that accountants＇ involvement in new product development （NPD）, the skills that accountants have, their role in the financial analysis of the firm, and how much the finn they work for encourages them to advice on business decisions affect the degree of contribution an accountant has to decision-making. The findings of this research could be used as a reference to help in understanding the role of accounting in Lebanon by various finns and organizations.展开更多
In this study,we explore the causes and performance outcomes of switching costs in the context of new product development(NPD)from both the supplier and customer perspectives,and discuss the role that switching costs ...In this study,we explore the causes and performance outcomes of switching costs in the context of new product development(NPD)from both the supplier and customer perspectives,and discuss the role that switching costs play as moderators and mediators in the relationship between social capital and NPD performance.Based on data from 214 Chinese manufacturers,we employ the structural equation model to test our conceptual model and hypotheses.The results indicate that relationship quality and customer involvement positively and negatively affect switching costs,respectively,and that switching costs negatively affect NPD performance.Switching costs mediate and moderate the relationship between social capital and NPD performance.Furthermore,switching costs significantly and positively moderate the relationship between relationship quality and NPD performance.On the other hand,switching costs insignificantly and negatively moderate the relationship between customer involvement and NPD performance.The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.展开更多
文摘Jiangsu Feng Ming Group is a large and comprehensive provincial foodstuff enterprise group combining research, development, production and operation, trading and circulation and service. Over the past few years, on the basis of the processing of fruits and vegetables and taking its name brand products as the lead, the group has
文摘Whey protein products provided ideal ingredients for nutritional food applications.Whey proteins are known to have high nutritional quality due to their high content of essential amino acids,high digestibility and biological value.Research in the past decades has shown that many of the whey protein fractions and peptides derived from them possess various biological activities.The technology developments in the last decade,such as those in the areas of protein fractionation technologies have made industrial scale production of fractionated whey protein products commercially feasible.The development in hydrolysis technology and the peptide analytical capability allowed production of whey protein hydrolysates with designed bioactivity and functionalities.People are continuously finding new biological activities of the various whey protein fractions or their hydrolysis products.Significant amount of research has also been carried out to study the clinical benefits of some of the whey protein fractions and whey protein derived peptides.Examples of these studies will be reviewed and discussed.
文摘The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.
基金Supported by Innovate UK Smart Project(Grant No.700484)
文摘Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of utilizing crowdsourcing in product design are well-documented, but little research exists on what are the barriers and opportunities in adopting crowdsourcing in new product development （NPD） of manufacturing SMEs. In order to answer the above questions, a Proof of Market study is carried out on crowdsourcing-based product design under an Innovate UK funded Smart project, which aims at identifying the needs, challenges and future development opportunities associated with adopting crowdsourcing strategies for NPD. The research findings from this study are reported here and can be used to guide future development of crowdsourcing-based collaborative design methods and tools and provide some practical references for industry to adopt this new and emerging collaborative design method in their business.
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Philosophy and Social Science Research Project (19GLB087)。
文摘This paper employs system dynamics to explore how the synergy between technology management and technological capability affects new product development.The results show that the synergy between technology management and technological capability has positive impact on new product development.Moreover, the leading synergy processes between technology management and technological capability in different new product development stages are different.This paper deepens the theoretical understanding of how to achieve new product development, and also provides useful guidance for firms to implement new product development.
文摘In order to identify the effective decision-making factors at the individual NPD project manager level, a new effective decision-making model has been established by introducing the concept of decision-making effectiveness, analyzing the role of expertise, and identifying the major role of expertise and insight with respect to the interfaces between a new product, an organization, customers, technologies and regulations, for the study of the effective decision-making facilitators and inhibitors for a NPD project. The analysis of the unique task conditions for individual decision-makers shows that perceived complexity, uncertainty and time pressure have their negative effect on the effective decision-making process. It is concluded that the flexible, balanced and appropriate use of rational analysis, common sense and intuition is a key effective decision-making factor, and the psychologically ‘active attitude’ of a manager is also an important factor for successful dealing with the difficult task conditions.
文摘Nowadays, the rapid changes in the marketing environment of construction products accelerate the shortening tendency of product life cycles which in return put pressure on companies to produce successful new products and adopt innovative strategies to survive and expand in the fast competitive environment. The success of the new construction products calls for a high-quality and well-managed product development process. Thus, this study aims at defining the basic steps of a NPD （new product development） process designed for floor coverings and evaluating its applicability. To this end, the product development methods of the leading companies in the construction sector in Turkey have been analyzed. Also, a questionnaire has been conducted to determine which of the steps of the proposed methodology are currently being realized and which are not or cannot be implemented. Finally, based on this information, certain suggestions have been made as to what can be done to enhance the NPD processes of the companies＇ subject to evaluation.
文摘This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.
文摘Baosteel's high-frequency electric resistance welded(HFW) 610 longitudinal seam mill(8 5/8″-24″, the yearly output 300000 t) and UOE 1422 longitudinal submerged arc welding(SAW) mill(20' -56',the yearly output 500000 t) are established in 2005 and 2008,respectively.Product specification covers whole of API 5CT standard and most of API 5L standard,terminating the history of manufacturing the medium and large size pipes at Baosteel.The yearly output increased from 1,200000 t to nearly 2000000 t.HFW 610 mill is oriented at mid size pipes,which are mainly linepipe and welded casing.The designed yearly output of HFW mill is 300000 t,including casing of 90000 t,linepipe of 180000 t,round structural pipe of 15000 t and rectangle structural pipe of 15000 t. The yearly output of oil casing line supporting the welding line is 120000 t,among which including welded casing and seamless casing of 30000 t.Baosteel's HFW 610 longitudinal seam mill was established on October 27,2005. After the equipment trial run In October,2005 - March,2006 and equipment function examination In April,2006 - June,2006,mass production started in July 2006.And in December 2006,monthly designed capacity was achieved,reaching to 30496.644 t in welding pipe and 28 349.939 t in finished pipe.The output of 2006,2007, 2008 and 2009 was 117 067 t,223 554 t,255 791 t,and 204 424 t,with the comprehensive yield ratio 79.4%, 87.8%,90.80%and 91.92%respectively.This study introduces Baosteel HFW 610 Mill which is the world class,energy conservation and environmental protection enterprise,including product orientation,process and new product development.
文摘This paper is a case study about how a new product developed by Western multinational company enters new market ?the China's Mainland. In this study, a new fabric ?DuPont's hi-technical Tyvek?PU Coating, is fashionized and developed into a new fashionable and functional casual-rainwear, using the approach of new product development method ( idea generation; screening; business analysis; development; evaluation and testing; commercialization).
文摘Our Japanese industry-university project group of Aoyama Gakuin University investigated and studied new educational programs to cultivate“future strategy design”human resources over several years.The purpose of this research paper is to describe two types of educational programs.The first program proposes the system creator,which is capable of new product design and innovative management that use advanced technologies such as internet of things(IoT),artificial intelligence(AI),and augmented and virtual reality.The second program proposes the business producer that is capable of platform service business modeling,product development and strategy,and customer service.The characteristics of these programs involve applying new educational methods to combine project-based learning(PBL)and active learning.
文摘Purpose-In this paper,the four popular multiple-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods in fuzzy environment are utilized to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of decision-makers(DMs),because the crisp pairwise comparison in these conventional MCDM methods seems to be insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of DMs.Of these methods,as Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(F-AHP)is used to calculate criteria weights,the other methods;Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(F-TOPSIS),Fuzzy Grey relational analysis(F-GRA)and Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization METhod for Enrichment of Evaluations(F-PROMETHEE II)are used to rank alternatives in the three different ways for a comparative study.Design/methodology/approach-The demand for green products has dramatically increased because the importance and public awareness of the preservation of natural environment was taken into consideration much more in the last two decades.As a result of this,especially manufacturing companies have been forced to design more green products,resulting in a problem of how they incorporate environmental issues into their design and evaluate concept options.The need for the practical decision-making tools to address this problem is rapidly evolving since the problem turns into an MCDM problem in the presence of a set of green concept alternatives and criteria.Findings-The incorporation of fuzzy set theory into these methods is discussed on a real-life case study,and a comparative analysis is done by using its numerical results in which the three fuzzy-based methods reveal the same outcomes(or rankings),while F-GRA requires less computational steps.Moreover,more detailed analyses on the numerical results of the case study are completed on the normalization methods,distance metrics,aggregation functions,defuzzification methods and other issues.Research limitations/implications-The designing and manufacturing environmental-friendly products in a product design process has been a vital issue for many companies which take care of reflecting environmental issues into their product design and meeting standards of recent green guidelines.These companies have utilized these guidelines by following special procedures at the design phase.Along the design process consisting of various steps,the environmental issues have been considered an important factor in the end-of-life of products since it can reduce the impact on the nature.In the stage of developing a new product with the aim of environmental-friendly design,the green thinking should be incorporated as early as possible in the process.Practical implications-The case study was inspired from the previous work of the author,which was realized in a hot runner systems manufacturer,used in injection molding systems in a Canada.In a new product development process,the back-and front-ends of development efforts mainly determine the following criteria:cost,risk,quality and green used in this paper.The case study showed that the three fuzzy MCDM methods come to the same ranking outcomes.F-GRA has a better time complexity compared to the other two methods and uses a smaller number of computational steps.Moreover,a comparative analysis of the three F-MCDM methods;F-PROMETHEE II,F-TOPSIS and F-GRA used in ranking for green concept alternatives using the numerical results of the case study.For the case study;as seen in table 20,the three F-MCDM methods produced the numerical results on the rankings of the green concept alternatives as follows;{Concept AConcept C-Concept B-Concept D}.Social implications-Inclusion of environmental-related criteria into concept selection problem has been gaining increasing importance in the last decade.Therefore,to facilitate necessary calculations in applying each method especially with its fuzzy extension,it can be developed a knowledge-based(KB)or an expert system(ES)to help the DMs make the required calculations of each method,and interpret its results with detailed analysis.Originality/value-The objective of the research was to propose a F-AHP based F-MCDM approach to green concept selection problem through F-PROMETHEE II,F-TOPSIS and F-GRA methods.As the F-AHP is used to weight evaluation criteria,the other methods are respectively used for ranking the concept alternatives and determine the best concept alternative.
基金This research was funded by(the National Natural Science Foundation of China)Grant Number(71704016),(the Key Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China)Grant Number(19A006),and(the Enterprise Strategic Management and Investment Decision Research Base of Hunan Province)Grant Number(19qyzd03).
文摘Big data knowledge,such as customer demands and consumer preferences,is among the crucial external knowledge that firms need for new product development in the big data environment.Prior research has focused on the profit of big data knowledge providers rather than the profit and pricing schemes of knowledge recipients.This research addresses this theoretical gap and uses theoretical and numerical analysis to compare the profitability of two pricing schemes commonly used by knowledge recipients:subscription pricing and pay-per-use pricing.We find that:(1)the subscription price of big data knowledge has no effect on the optimal time of knowledge transaction in the same pricing scheme,but the usage ratio of the big data knowledge affects the optimal time of knowledge transaction,and the smaller the usage ratio of big data knowledge the earlier the big data knowledge transaction conducts;(2)big data knowledge with a higher update rate can bring greater profits to the firm both in subscription pricing scheme and pay-per-use pricing scheme;(3)a knowledge recipient will choose the knowledge that can bring a higher market share growth rate regardless of what price scheme it adopts,and firms can choose more efficient knowledge in the pay-per-use pricing scheme by adjusting the usage ratio of knowledge usage according to their economic conditions.The model and findings in this paper can help knowledge recipient firms select optimal pricing method and enhance future new product development performance.
文摘This study shows the impact of fuzzy front end （FFE） phase during innovation process on new product development （NPD） project success in two East Asian countries--Korea and Japan was explored via employing comparative study. Authors decided to consider two East Asian countries＇ successful periods as comparison samples for the study of this issue. The 1980s are considered to be ＂golden age＂ of Japanese manufacturing firms when they were extremely successful on global market. Korean firms are enjoying competitive advantage in the late 2000s and the beginning of the 2010s. A conceptual model was developed based on previous research. The model was tested using data from 293 Korean manufacturing firms in the late 2000s and from 540 Japanese manufacturing firms in the late 1980s using structural equation modeling （SEM） technique. In both countries, the effect of intensity of planning on efficiency, prior to the development, was high. Moreover, effect of market uncertainties on effectiveness was significant. Therefore, effective initial planning and good analysis of market prior to the development have positive impacts on NPD project success. In the late 80s, in the period of stability of the economy in the world, the Japanese finns were successful concentrating more on FFE activities, such as market and technological research and initial planning. However, in the 2000s when the world economy started to change so fast and the demands for the goods change so fast, the Korean firms became more successful, thanks to flexibility in the system of NPD project strategies where system was not fixed to the initial plans but where the changes within the project execution phase were allowed. Thus Korean and Japanese firms had different strategies in NPD process in the two different periods. Japanese firms were concentrated more on FFE activities and tended to keep initial plans during development process, while the Korean firms were more flexible in project execution phase allowing dramatic changes to the initial plans.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871016,71671046,71729001)。
文摘Uncertainty is a main source of opportunistic behaviors in research and development cooperations,which challenges strategic decisions ranging from investments to operations.To avoid opportunism arising in cooperations,commitments(either formal contracts or informal communications)are generally made in advance by members of an alliance.However,how does a commitment encourage R&D investments and ultimately enhance the total performance,without loss of flexibility in ex post operations?This study attempts to answer this by investigating a bounded commitment in the context of vertical collaborations in a supply chain.In this exploratory study,a 3-stage game model is used(by backward induction)to examine a two-echelon supply chain under a bounded commitment in NPD.Our analysis shows that upstream R&D investment is stimulated more and that both members are better off under the bounded commitment.At the same time,when the relative bargaining power between the supplier and the manufacturer falls into an appropriate area,it is possible to reach a bounded commitment,and the manufacturer is more sensitive to this relationship.Finally,the bounded commitment restrains opportunistic behaviors,but there is no strong sign that an increase in the ratio of the order outside the chain to the inside one can make firms better.
文摘The issue of accountants＇ role in decision-making has been the center of attention of lots of studies in the last decade but never did it get the adequate coverage in Lebanon. This paper studies to what extent accountants are involved in the managerial decision-making in Lebanon. Two hundred experienced accountants from all over the country were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey. This survey provides evidence as to what factors contribute to the variance of influence accountants have in managerial decision-making. The results from the questionnaires varied, but we conclude that accountants＇ involvement in new product development （NPD）, the skills that accountants have, their role in the financial analysis of the firm, and how much the finn they work for encourages them to advice on business decisions affect the degree of contribution an accountant has to decision-making. The findings of this research could be used as a reference to help in understanding the role of accounting in Lebanon by various finns and organizations.
基金supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China,China(No.71832011)Innovation Capability SupportProgram of Shaanxi,China(No.2023-CX-RKX-139)+2 种基金Humanities and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Educationof China,China(No.22YJC630173)Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2020R033)the YouthInnovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,China.
文摘In this study,we explore the causes and performance outcomes of switching costs in the context of new product development(NPD)from both the supplier and customer perspectives,and discuss the role that switching costs play as moderators and mediators in the relationship between social capital and NPD performance.Based on data from 214 Chinese manufacturers,we employ the structural equation model to test our conceptual model and hypotheses.The results indicate that relationship quality and customer involvement positively and negatively affect switching costs,respectively,and that switching costs negatively affect NPD performance.Switching costs mediate and moderate the relationship between social capital and NPD performance.Furthermore,switching costs significantly and positively moderate the relationship between relationship quality and NPD performance.On the other hand,switching costs insignificantly and negatively moderate the relationship between customer involvement and NPD performance.The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
