Background：The 9-hole peg test （9-HPT） and 10-meter walk test （10-MWT） are commonly used to test finger motor function and walking ability.The aim of this present study was to investigate the efficacy of these te...Background：The 9-hole peg test （9-HPT） and 10-meter walk test （10-MWT） are commonly used to test finger motor function and walking ability.The aim of this present study was to investigate the efficacy of these tests for evaluating functional loss in Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth （CMT） disease.Methods：Thirty-four Chinese CMT patients （CMT group） from August 2015 to December 2016 were evaluated with 9-HPT,10-MWT,CMT disease examination score,overall neuropathy limitation scale （ONLS）,functional disability score,and Berg Balance Scale （BBS）.Thirty-five age-and gender-matched healthy controls （control group） were also included in the study.Student＇s nonpaired or paired t-test were performed to compare data between two independent or related groups,respectively.The Pearson test was used to examine the correlations between recorded parameters.Results：The mean 9-HPT completion time in the dominant hand of CMT patients was significantly slower than that in the healthy controls （29.60 ± 11.89 s vs.19.58 ± 3.45 s;t =-4.728,P 〈 0.001）.Women with CMT completed the 9-HPT significantly faster than men with CMT （dominant hand：24.74 ± 7.93 s vs.33.01 ± 13.14 s,t =2.097,P =0.044）.The gait speed of the average self-selected velocity and the average fast-velocity assessed using 10-MWT for CMT patients were significantly slower than those in the control group （1.03 ± 0.18 m/s vs.1.44 ± 0.17 m/s,t =9.333,P 〈 0.001;1.31 ± 0.30 m/s vs.1.91 ± 0.25 m/s,t =8.853,P 〈 0.00 1,respectively）.There was no difference in gait speed between men and women.Both 9-HPT and 10-MWT were significantly correlated with the ONLS,functional disability score,and BBS （P 〈 0.05 for all）.Conclusion：The 9-HPT and 10-MWT might be useful for functional assessment in Chinese patients with CMT.展开更多
Angle of Attack(AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft.The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop.This paper intends...Angle of Attack(AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft.The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop.This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) applications.In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned.This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot.The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes(MHPs).The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports.Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper.This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.展开更多
文摘Background：The 9-hole peg test （9-HPT） and 10-meter walk test （10-MWT） are commonly used to test finger motor function and walking ability.The aim of this present study was to investigate the efficacy of these tests for evaluating functional loss in Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth （CMT） disease.Methods：Thirty-four Chinese CMT patients （CMT group） from August 2015 to December 2016 were evaluated with 9-HPT,10-MWT,CMT disease examination score,overall neuropathy limitation scale （ONLS）,functional disability score,and Berg Balance Scale （BBS）.Thirty-five age-and gender-matched healthy controls （control group） were also included in the study.Student＇s nonpaired or paired t-test were performed to compare data between two independent or related groups,respectively.The Pearson test was used to examine the correlations between recorded parameters.Results：The mean 9-HPT completion time in the dominant hand of CMT patients was significantly slower than that in the healthy controls （29.60 ± 11.89 s vs.19.58 ± 3.45 s;t =-4.728,P 〈 0.001）.Women with CMT completed the 9-HPT significantly faster than men with CMT （dominant hand：24.74 ± 7.93 s vs.33.01 ± 13.14 s,t =2.097,P =0.044）.The gait speed of the average self-selected velocity and the average fast-velocity assessed using 10-MWT for CMT patients were significantly slower than those in the control group （1.03 ± 0.18 m/s vs.1.44 ± 0.17 m/s,t =9.333,P 〈 0.001;1.31 ± 0.30 m/s vs.1.91 ± 0.25 m/s,t =8.853,P 〈 0.00 1,respectively）.There was no difference in gait speed between men and women.Both 9-HPT and 10-MWT were significantly correlated with the ONLS,functional disability score,and BBS （P 〈 0.05 for all）.Conclusion：The 9-HPT and 10-MWT might be useful for functional assessment in Chinese patients with CMT.
基金the financial support of the Aeronautical Research&Development Board(AR&DB)through the SIGMA Panel for sanctioning the project ID number ARDB/01/2021791/M/I。
文摘Angle of Attack(AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft.The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop.This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) applications.In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned.This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot.The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes(MHPs).The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports.Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper.This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.
