Naturally occurring 9-(5-pentyl-2-furyl) nonanoic acid which was synthesized through five steps in about 20% overall yield by using 5-trimethylsilyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde as a starling material.
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nonanoic acid (NA) is...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nonanoic acid (NA) is one of a series of straight-chain aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, acids and their derivatives with a well-documented history of use as a synthetic flavoring in human food. As part of a safety evaluation of NA for use as a flavoring in animal feed, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of turkeys to tolerate NA at levels relevant to practical feeding practices. </span><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 594</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">day-old BUT Premium turkeys (300 males and 294 females) were allocated at random to 40 floor pens containing either 15 males or 13 to 15 females. Poults were fed one of 4 treatment diets in crumble (0 to 14 days) or pellet (15 to 59 days) form containing 0 (control), 100, 300 or 1000 mg NA/kg complete feed for 59 days. General health and performance were monitored for the duration of the study. At days 57 and 59 of age, blood samples were taken and birds were sacrificed and necropsied for histopathological examination of the digestive tract. Significant differences were considered at </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P </span></i></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">≤</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.05 and near-significant trends at </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P </span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">≤</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.10.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> NA had no effect on mortality (</span><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pχ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><sup></sup></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>2</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.54), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.11), average daily gain (ADG) (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.12) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.45) in poults over the 56-day feeding period. No treatment-related effects on blood parameters or tissue pathology were observed.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The results of the study support the safety and tolerance of NA to turkeys at dietary levels of up to 1000 mg/kg which will provide a considerable margin of safety compared to anticipated practical conditions of use as a feed flavoring.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
文摘Naturally occurring 9-(5-pentyl-2-furyl) nonanoic acid which was synthesized through five steps in about 20% overall yield by using 5-trimethylsilyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde as a starling material.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nonanoic acid (NA) is one of a series of straight-chain aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, acids and their derivatives with a well-documented history of use as a synthetic flavoring in human food. As part of a safety evaluation of NA for use as a flavoring in animal feed, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of turkeys to tolerate NA at levels relevant to practical feeding practices. </span><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 594</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">day-old BUT Premium turkeys (300 males and 294 females) were allocated at random to 40 floor pens containing either 15 males or 13 to 15 females. Poults were fed one of 4 treatment diets in crumble (0 to 14 days) or pellet (15 to 59 days) form containing 0 (control), 100, 300 or 1000 mg NA/kg complete feed for 59 days. General health and performance were monitored for the duration of the study. At days 57 and 59 of age, blood samples were taken and birds were sacrificed and necropsied for histopathological examination of the digestive tract. Significant differences were considered at </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P </span></i></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">≤</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.05 and near-significant trends at </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P </span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">≤</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.10.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> NA had no effect on mortality (</span><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pχ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><sup></sup></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>2</sup></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.54), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.11), average daily gain (ADG) (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.12) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.45) in poults over the 56-day feeding period. No treatment-related effects on blood parameters or tissue pathology were observed.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The results of the study support the safety and tolerance of NA to turkeys at dietary levels of up to 1000 mg/kg which will provide a considerable margin of safety compared to anticipated practical conditions of use as a feed flavoring.</span></span></span></span>
