Using the semiclassical ensemble model,the dependence of relative amplitude for the recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)of neon atom driven by the orthogonally polarized two-color field(OTC)la...Using the semiclassical ensemble model,the dependence of relative amplitude for the recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)of neon atom driven by the orthogonally polarized two-color field(OTC)laser field is theoretically studied.And the dynamics in two typical collision pathways,recollision-impact-ionization(RII)and recollisionexcitation with subsequent ionization(RESI),is systematically explored.Our results reveal that the V-shaped structure in the correlated momentum distribution is mainly caused by the RII mechanism when the relative amplitude of the OTC laser field is zero,and the first ionized electrons will quickly skim through the nucleus and share few energy with the second electron.As the relative amplitude increases,the V-shaped structure gradually disappears and electrons are concentrated on the diagonal in the electron correlation spectrum,indicating that the energy sharing after electrons collision is symmetric for OTC laser fields with large relative amplitudes.Our studies show that changing the relative amplitude of the OTC laser field can efficiently control the electron–electron collisions and energy exchange efficiency in the NSDI process.展开更多
Nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） processes of nonaligned diatomic molecules N2 and O2 are studied using the S-matrix theory. Our results show that the NSDI process significantly depends on the molecular symmet...Nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） processes of nonaligned diatomic molecules N2 and O2 are studied using the S-matrix theory. Our results show that the NSDI process significantly depends on the molecular symmetry and structure. The ratio of NSDI rate to single ionization rate as a function of the field intensity is obtained. It is found that N2 behaves closely with its companion atom Ar in the ratios over the entire intensity range, while O2 exhibits an obvious suppression effect, which is qualitatively consistent with the experiment.展开更多
Using a classical ensemble model, we investigate the correlation behaviour of electrons originating from nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） of argon atoms by the elliptically polarized laser pulses. Because of t...Using a classical ensemble model, we investigate the correlation behaviour of electrons originating from nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） of argon atoms by the elliptically polarized laser pulses. Because of the ellipticity, not only the first electron to return but also the later return of tunneled electrons contribute significantly to NSDI. We mainly discuss two kinds of events of NSDI originating from the first and the second return separately. For the NSDI resulting from the recollision of the first return, the correlated electron momentum spectrum along the long axis of the laser polarization plane reveals an obvious V-like shape, located at the first and third quadrant. However, for the NSDI resulting from the recollision of the second return, the momenta of two electrons are distributed in the four quadrants uniformly. By analysing the trajectories of these two kinds, we find that the recollision energy and the laser phase at recollision are different for the first and second returning trajectories, which are responsible for the difference in the correlated behavior of the final electron momentum.展开更多
Using the classical ensemble model, we investigate the nonsequential double ionization（NSDI） of Ar and Mg in the two-color elliptically polarized laser pulse for different elliptical polarizations. Numerical results...Using the classical ensemble model, we investigate the nonsequential double ionization（NSDI） of Ar and Mg in the two-color elliptically polarized laser pulse for different elliptical polarizations. Numerical results show that for Ar atoms the NSDI yield increases as the ellipticity increases, which is different from the case of Mg atoms. Moreover, the correlated behavior in the correlated electron momentum along the x direction and ion momentum distributions of Ar atoms are influenced by the ellipticity. By statistical analysis of different times, we can conclude that the ellipticity may be responsible for the NSDI processes. The correlated momenta distributions along the x direction at the recollision time are demonstrated and the results show that the travelling time and ellipticity can affect the emitted directions of both electrons.展开更多
The microscopic recollision dynamics in strong-field nonsequential double ionization of Ar atoms is in- vestigated using three-dimensional classical ensembles. By adjusting the nuclear Coulomb potential, we can excell...The microscopic recollision dynamics in strong-field nonsequential double ionization of Ar atoms is in- vestigated using three-dimensional classical ensembles. By adjusting the nuclear Coulomb potential, we can excellently reproduce the experimental results both within the laser intensity regimes well above the reeollision threshold and well below the recollision threshold quantitatively. More importantly, our trajectory analysis clearly reveals the particular electronic dynamics in recollision process： the momentum of the recolliding electron encounters a sudden change both in magnitude and in direction when it approaches the nucleus closely, which show that the nuclear Coulomb attraction plays a key role in the recollision process of nonsequential double ionization of Ar atoms.展开更多
Recently,the quantitative rescattering model(QRS)for nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)is modified by taking into account the potential change(PC)due to the presence of electric field at the time of recollision.Usi...Recently,the quantitative rescattering model(QRS)for nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)is modified by taking into account the potential change(PC)due to the presence of electric field at the time of recollision.Using the improved QRS model,we simulate the longitudinal momentum distributions of doubly charged ions He2+by projecting the correlated two-electron momentum distributions for NSDI of He onto the main diagonal.The obtained results are compared directly with the experimental data at different intensities.It is found that when the PC is considered,the width of momentum distributions reduces and the agreement between theory and experiment is improved.展开更多
This paper studies the nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） process of diatomic molecules aligned parallel and perpendicular to an intense linearly polarized laser field by using a three-dimensional semiclassical ...This paper studies the nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） process of diatomic molecules aligned parallel and perpendicular to an intense linearly polarized laser field by using a three-dimensional semiclassical model. With this model, it achieves insight into the ion momentum distribution under the combined influence of a two-centre Coulomb potential and an intense laser field, and this result shows the significant influence of molecular alignment on the ratio between double and single ionization rate. Careful investigations show that the NSDI process for different alignment molecules has a close relation to the laser intensity and the different bounding electron distribution has a significant influence on the final ion momentum distribution.展开更多
We review the recently improved quantitative rescattering theory for nonsequential double ionization, in which the lowering of threshold due to the presence of electric field at the time of recollision has been taken ...We review the recently improved quantitative rescattering theory for nonsequential double ionization, in which the lowering of threshold due to the presence of electric field at the time of recollision has been taken into account. First,we present the basic theoretical tools which are used in the numerical simulations, especially the quantum theories for elastic scattering of electron as well as the processes of electron impact excitation and electron impact ionization. Then,after a brief discussion about the properties of the returning electron wave packet, we provide the numerical procedures for the simulations of the total double ionization yield, the double-to-single ionization ratio, and the correlated two-electron momentum distribution.展开更多
Using the classical ensemble method, we investigate nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） of diatomic molecules by elliptically polarized laser pulses. The results show that the ellipticity of the laser field has a...Using the classical ensemble method, we investigate nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） of diatomic molecules by elliptically polarized laser pulses. The results show that the ellipticity of the laser field has a strong suppression effect on NSDI probabilities both in parallel and perpendicular alignments. The double ionization （DI） channel is commonly dominated by NSDI, and the NSDI channel changes with ellipticity. As ellipticity increases, more and more NSDIs occur through recollision excitation with subsequent field ionization （RESI）. Moreover, like the case of linear polarization, the two electrons involved in NSDI for perpendicularly aligned molecules are more likely to emit into the opposite hemispheres as compared to the case of parallel alignment. Additionally, this alignment effect increases as ellipticity increases.展开更多
We investigated the nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)in Ar by two-color elliptically polarized laser field with a three-dimensional(3D)classical ensemble method.We study the relative phase effect of NSDI and disti...We investigated the nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)in Ar by two-color elliptically polarized laser field with a three-dimensional(3D)classical ensemble method.We study the relative phase effect of NSDI and distinguish two particular recollision channels in NSDI,which are recollision–impact ionization(RII)and recollision-induced excitation with subsequent ionization(RESI),according to the delay-time between the recollision and the final double ionization.The numerical results indicate that the ion momentum distribution is changed and the triangle structure is more obvious with the decrease of the relative phase.We also demonstrate that the RESI process always dominates in the whole double ionization process and the ratio of RESI and RII channels can be influenced by the relative phase.展开更多
By using the three-dimensional classical ensemble model,the recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)of Ar by 780-nm laser pulses at(6-1.2)×10^(14)W/cm^(2) was extensively studied.We revealed ...By using the three-dimensional classical ensemble model,the recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)of Ar by 780-nm laser pulses at(6-1.2)×10^(14)W/cm^(2) was extensively studied.We revealed the picture of multiplerecollision in the double ionization events at the laser intensity region below the recollision-ionization threshold.Via tracing the NSDI trajectories,it was found that the contribution of these multiple-recollision events increases as the laser intensity decreases.In this low intensity region,many multiple-recollision induced NSDI trajectories occur through the doubly excited states.The decay speed of the doubly excited state decreases with the decreasing laser intensity.展开更多
We performed the CO2 fragmentation experiment in Reaction Microscope, aiming to distinguish the variousdissociation mechanisms of (CO2)3+ions. By coincidently detecting the C+/O+/O+ ions, the Newton plot representingt...We performed the CO2 fragmentation experiment in Reaction Microscope, aiming to distinguish the variousdissociation mechanisms of (CO2)3+ions. By coincidently detecting the C+/O+/O+ ions, the Newton plot representingthe momentum relation among the three ions[1], as well as the Kinetic Energy Release (KER) distributionof sequential dissociation (which is the sum of the kinetic energies of all fragment ions), are obtained.As displayed in Fig. 1, there are two parts in Newton plot, the bright areas represent the C+ ion taking smallkinetic energy and two O+ ions flying back to back approximately.展开更多
Background： Maternal thyroid dysfunction is common during pregnancy, and physiological changes during pregnancy can lead to the overdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism and misdiagnosis of hypothyroidism with nongestation-sp...Background： Maternal thyroid dysfunction is common during pregnancy, and physiological changes during pregnancy can lead to the overdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism and misdiagnosis of hypothyroidism with nongestation-specific reference intervals. Our aim was to compare sequential with nonsequential methods for the evaluation of thyroid function in pregnant women. Methods： We tested pregnant women who underwent their trimester prenatal screening at our hospital from February 2011 to September 2012 for serum thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） and free thyroxine （FT4） using the Abbott and Roche kits. There were 447 and 200 patients enrolled in the nonsequential and sequential groups, respectively. The central 95% range between the 2.5th and the 97.5th percentiles was used as the reference interval for the thyroid function parameter. Results： The nonsequential group exhibited a significantly larger degree of dispersion in the TSH reference interval during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters as measured using both the Abbott and Roche kits （all P 〈 0.05）. The TSH reference intervals were significantly larger in the nonsequential group than in the sequential group during the 3rd trimester as measured with both the Abbott （4.95 vs. 3.77 mU/L, P 〈 0.001） and Roche kits （6.62 vs. 5.01 mU/L, P〈 0.004）. The nonsequential group had a significantly larger FT4 reference interval as measured with the Abbott kit during all trimesters （ 12.64 vs. 5.82 pmol/L; 7,96 vs. 4.77 pmol/L; 8.10 vs. 4.77 pmol/L, respectively, all P 〈 0.05）, whereas a significantly larger FT4 reference interval was only observed during the 2nd trimester with the Roche kit （7.76 vs. 5.52 pmol/L, P = 0.002）. Conclusions： It was more reasonable to establish reference intervals for the evaluation of maternal thyroid function using the sequential method during each trimester of pregnancy. Moreover, the exclusion of pregnancy-related complications should be considered in the inclusion criteria for thyroid function tests.展开更多
We investigate the nonsequential double ionization(NSDI) of linear triatomic molecules by the counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized(CRTC) laser fields with a classical ensemble method. The results of the sim...We investigate the nonsequential double ionization(NSDI) of linear triatomic molecules by the counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized(CRTC) laser fields with a classical ensemble method. The results of the simulation reveal that NSDI yield strongly connected with the relative phase. The trajectory tracking method shows that the return time of the electron is controlled by the relative phase. In addition, when we change the CRTC laser wavelengths, the relative phase of the maximum and minimum yield of NSDI also changes. This shows that the influence of the Coulomb potential in the triatomic molecules on the electron return process cannot be ignored. This work will effectively promote the electronic dynamics study of NSDI for the triatomic molecule.展开更多
Nonsequential double ionization(NSDI) of noble gas atoms in counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized(CRTC) laser fields is investigated. A scaling law is concluded by qualitatively and quantitatively comparing ...Nonsequential double ionization(NSDI) of noble gas atoms in counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized(CRTC) laser fields is investigated. A scaling law is concluded by qualitatively and quantitatively comparing the momentum distributions of two electrons from NSDI in CRTC laser fields for different atoms with different parameters. The scaling law indicates that the momentum distributions from an atom driven by CRTC laser frequency ω1, ω2, and laser intensity I are the same as that from another atom irradiated by CRTC laser frequency kω1, kω2, and laser intensity k3I. This study can provide an avenue in the research of two-color laser field ionization.展开更多
A classical ensemble method is used to investigate nonsequential double ionization（NSDI） of Ar atoms irradiated by linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulses. The correlated-electron momentum distribution（CMD） exhi...A classical ensemble method is used to investigate nonsequential double ionization（NSDI） of Ar atoms irradiated by linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulses. The correlated-electron momentum distribution（CMD） exhibits a strong dependence on the carrier-envelope phase（CEP）. When the pulse duration is four cycles, the CMD shows a cross-like structure, which is consistent with experimental results. The CEP dependence is more notable when the laser pulse duration is decreased to two cycles and a special L-shaped structure appears in CMD. Recollision time of returning electrons greatly depends on CEP, which plays a significant role in accounting for the appearance of this structure.展开更多
Electron collision as well as its controlling lies in the core of study on nonsequential double ionization(NSDI).A single collision occurred in a convergent time is important to disclose the essential features of the ...Electron collision as well as its controlling lies in the core of study on nonsequential double ionization(NSDI).A single collision occurred in a convergent time is important to disclose the essential features of the electron correlation.However,it is difficult to form such a collision.By using counterrotating circular two-color(CRTC)laser fields,we show that a single electron collision can be achieved in a convergent time and a net electron correlation is set up within the sub-femtosecond time scale in the NSDI process of Ar atoms.The proposed method is also valid for other atoms,provided that one chooses the frequency and intensity of the CRTC field according to a scaling law.展开更多
This paper uses the classical ensemble method to study the double ionization of a 2-dimensional （2D） model helium atom interacting with an elliptically polarized laser pulse. The classical ensemble calculation demon...This paper uses the classical ensemble method to study the double ionization of a 2-dimensional （2D） model helium atom interacting with an elliptically polarized laser pulse. The classical ensemble calculation demonstrates that the ratio of double to single ionization decreases with the increasing ellipticity of the driving field. The classical scenario shows that there are hardly any e--e recollisions with the circularly polarized laser pulse. The double ionization probability is studied for linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses. The classical numerical results are consistent with the semiclassical rescattering mechanism and in agreement with the experimental results and the quantum calculations qualitatively.展开更多
With the semiclassical ensemble model, we explore the relative phase-dependent nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Mg by counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized (TCCP) laser pulses. The yield of Mg2+ sen...With the semiclassical ensemble model, we explore the relative phase-dependent nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Mg by counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized (TCCP) laser pulses. The yield of Mg2+ sensitively depends on the relative phase Δφ and the intensity of TCCP laser fields. At Δφ=1.5π, the yield of Mg2+ exhibits a pronounced peak in the 0.05 PW/cm2 laser field. This behavior results from the increase of the initial transverse velocity compensating for the drift velocity with the decreasing angle by analyzing the angular distributions of the electron pairs in four relative phases. By changing the relative phases, we find that the recollision excitation with subsequent ionization and the recollision-impact ionization mechanisms can be controlled with TCCP laser fields.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the frustrated double ionization(FDI)of molecules with different alignment-dependence using a three-dimensional classical ensemble method.The numerical results show that the FDI probabilit...We theoretically investigate the frustrated double ionization(FDI)of molecules with different alignment-dependence using a three-dimensional classical ensemble method.The numerical results show that the FDI probability decreases with increasing wavelength,which is similar to the wavelength dependence of the FDI probability of atoms.Tracing the classical trajectories reveals that the contributions to molecular FDI from single-recollision and multiple-recollision mechanisms are equal in the short wavelength regime.In the long wavelength regime,the single-recollision FDI channel dominates in FDI.The nature in which molecular FDI occurs is identified and explained.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12204132 and 12304376)Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Overseas) (Grant No.2022HWYQ-073)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.HIT.OCEF.2022042)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2023QA075)。
文摘Using the semiclassical ensemble model,the dependence of relative amplitude for the recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)of neon atom driven by the orthogonally polarized two-color field(OTC)laser field is theoretically studied.And the dynamics in two typical collision pathways,recollision-impact-ionization(RII)and recollisionexcitation with subsequent ionization(RESI),is systematically explored.Our results reveal that the V-shaped structure in the correlated momentum distribution is mainly caused by the RII mechanism when the relative amplitude of the OTC laser field is zero,and the first ionized electrons will quickly skim through the nucleus and share few energy with the second electron.As the relative amplitude increases,the V-shaped structure gradually disappears and electrons are concentrated on the diagonal in the electron correlation spectrum,indicating that the energy sharing after electrons collision is symmetric for OTC laser fields with large relative amplitudes.Our studies show that changing the relative amplitude of the OTC laser field can efficiently control the electron–electron collisions and energy exchange efficiency in the NSDI process.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11074026, 11074155, and 11104225)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-08-0883)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB808100)
文摘Nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） processes of nonaligned diatomic molecules N2 and O2 are studied using the S-matrix theory. Our results show that the NSDI process significantly depends on the molecular symmetry and structure. The ratio of NSDI rate to single ionization rate as a function of the field intensity is obtained. It is found that N2 behaves closely with its companion atom Ar in the ratios over the entire intensity range, while O2 exhibits an obvious suppression effect, which is qualitatively consistent with the experiment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11005088 and 11047145)the Project of Basic and Advanced Technology of Henan Province, China (Grant Nos. 102300410241 and 112300410021)the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Henan Province,China (Grant No. 2011B140018)
文摘Using a classical ensemble model, we investigate the correlation behaviour of electrons originating from nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） of argon atoms by the elliptically polarized laser pulses. Because of the ellipticity, not only the first electron to return but also the later return of tunneled electrons contribute significantly to NSDI. We mainly discuss two kinds of events of NSDI originating from the first and the second return separately. For the NSDI resulting from the recollision of the first return, the correlated electron momentum spectrum along the long axis of the laser polarization plane reveals an obvious V-like shape, located at the first and third quadrant. However, for the NSDI resulting from the recollision of the second return, the momenta of two electrons are distributed in the four quadrants uniformly. By analysing the trajectories of these two kinds, we find that the recollision energy and the laser phase at recollision are different for the first and second returning trajectories, which are responsible for the difference in the correlated behavior of the final electron momentum.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61575077)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20180101225JC)
文摘Using the classical ensemble model, we investigate the nonsequential double ionization（NSDI） of Ar and Mg in the two-color elliptically polarized laser pulse for different elliptical polarizations. Numerical results show that for Ar atoms the NSDI yield increases as the ellipticity increases, which is different from the case of Mg atoms. Moreover, the correlated behavior in the correlated electron momentum along the x direction and ion momentum distributions of Ar atoms are influenced by the ellipticity. By statistical analysis of different times, we can conclude that the ellipticity may be responsible for the NSDI processes. The correlated momenta distributions along the x direction at the recollision time are demonstrated and the results show that the travelling time and ellipticity can affect the emitted directions of both electrons.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11005088 and 11047145the Science & Technology Project of Henan Province in China under Grant Nos. 102300410241 and 112300410021the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Henan Province in China under Grant Nos. 2009A140006 and 2011B140018
文摘The microscopic recollision dynamics in strong-field nonsequential double ionization of Ar atoms is in- vestigated using three-dimensional classical ensembles. By adjusting the nuclear Coulomb potential, we can excellently reproduce the experimental results both within the laser intensity regimes well above the reeollision threshold and well below the recollision threshold quantitatively. More importantly, our trajectory analysis clearly reveals the particular electronic dynamics in recollision process： the momentum of the recolliding electron encounters a sudden change both in magnitude and in direction when it approaches the nucleus closely, which show that the nuclear Coulomb attraction plays a key role in the recollision process of nonsequential double ionization of Ar atoms.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274219)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.180917124960522)the Program for Promotion of Science at Universities in Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.2018KTSCX062)。
文摘Recently,the quantitative rescattering model(QRS)for nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)is modified by taking into account the potential change(PC)due to the presence of electric field at the time of recollision.Using the improved QRS model,we simulate the longitudinal momentum distributions of doubly charged ions He2+by projecting the correlated two-electron momentum distributions for NSDI of He onto the main diagonal.The obtained results are compared directly with the experimental data at different intensities.It is found that when the PC is considered,the width of momentum distributions reduces and the agreement between theory and experiment is improved.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806000)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China (Grant No. A2008000136)CAEP Foundation (Grant Nos. 2006z0202 and 2008B0102007)
文摘This paper studies the nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） process of diatomic molecules aligned parallel and perpendicular to an intense linearly polarized laser field by using a three-dimensional semiclassical model. With this model, it achieves insight into the ion momentum distribution under the combined influence of a two-centre Coulomb potential and an intense laser field, and this result shows the significant influence of molecular alignment on the ratio between double and single ionization rate. Careful investigations show that the NSDI process for different alignment molecules has a close relation to the laser intensity and the different bounding electron distribution has a significant influence on the final ion momentum distribution.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274219)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.180917124960522)the Program for Promotion of Science at Universities in Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.2018KTSCX062)
文摘We review the recently improved quantitative rescattering theory for nonsequential double ionization, in which the lowering of threshold due to the presence of electric field at the time of recollision has been taken into account. First,we present the basic theoretical tools which are used in the numerical simulations, especially the quantum theories for elastic scattering of electron as well as the processes of electron impact excitation and electron impact ionization. Then,after a brief discussion about the properties of the returning electron wave packet, we provide the numerical procedures for the simulations of the total double ionization yield, the double-to-single ionization ratio, and the correlated two-electron momentum distribution.
基金Project supported by the Fund for Excellent Youths of Education Department of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.Q20133001)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2013CFB015)the Special Fund of Theoretical Physics,China(Grant No.11347189)
文摘Using the classical ensemble method, we investigate nonsequential double ionization （NSDI） of diatomic molecules by elliptically polarized laser pulses. The results show that the ellipticity of the laser field has a strong suppression effect on NSDI probabilities both in parallel and perpendicular alignments. The double ionization （DI） channel is commonly dominated by NSDI, and the NSDI channel changes with ellipticity. As ellipticity increases, more and more NSDIs occur through recollision excitation with subsequent field ionization （RESI）. Moreover, like the case of linear polarization, the two electrons involved in NSDI for perpendicularly aligned molecules are more likely to emit into the opposite hemispheres as compared to the case of parallel alignment. Additionally, this alignment effect increases as ellipticity increases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61575077)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.20180101225JC)
文摘We investigated the nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)in Ar by two-color elliptically polarized laser field with a three-dimensional(3D)classical ensemble method.We study the relative phase effect of NSDI and distinguish two particular recollision channels in NSDI,which are recollision–impact ionization(RII)and recollision-induced excitation with subsequent ionization(RESI),according to the delay-time between the recollision and the final double ionization.The numerical results indicate that the ion momentum distribution is changed and the triangle structure is more obvious with the decrease of the relative phase.We also demonstrate that the RESI process always dominates in the whole double ionization process and the ratio of RESI and RII channels can be influenced by the relative phase.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2020CFB362)Scientific Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education,China(Grant No.B2020176)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12104389)。
文摘By using the three-dimensional classical ensemble model,the recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)of Ar by 780-nm laser pulses at(6-1.2)×10^(14)W/cm^(2) was extensively studied.We revealed the picture of multiplerecollision in the double ionization events at the laser intensity region below the recollision-ionization threshold.Via tracing the NSDI trajectories,it was found that the contribution of these multiple-recollision events increases as the laser intensity decreases.In this low intensity region,many multiple-recollision induced NSDI trajectories occur through the doubly excited states.The decay speed of the doubly excited state decreases with the decreasing laser intensity.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (11304325, U1332128, 11274317).
文摘We performed the CO2 fragmentation experiment in Reaction Microscope, aiming to distinguish the variousdissociation mechanisms of (CO2)3+ions. By coincidently detecting the C+/O+/O+ ions, the Newton plot representingthe momentum relation among the three ions[1], as well as the Kinetic Energy Release (KER) distributionof sequential dissociation (which is the sum of the kinetic energies of all fragment ions), are obtained.As displayed in Fig. 1, there are two parts in Newton plot, the bright areas represent the C+ ion taking smallkinetic energy and two O+ ions flying back to back approximately.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81471516） and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Medical Guide Project （No. 134119a1102）.
文摘Background： Maternal thyroid dysfunction is common during pregnancy, and physiological changes during pregnancy can lead to the overdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism and misdiagnosis of hypothyroidism with nongestation-specific reference intervals. Our aim was to compare sequential with nonsequential methods for the evaluation of thyroid function in pregnant women. Methods： We tested pregnant women who underwent their trimester prenatal screening at our hospital from February 2011 to September 2012 for serum thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） and free thyroxine （FT4） using the Abbott and Roche kits. There were 447 and 200 patients enrolled in the nonsequential and sequential groups, respectively. The central 95% range between the 2.5th and the 97.5th percentiles was used as the reference interval for the thyroid function parameter. Results： The nonsequential group exhibited a significantly larger degree of dispersion in the TSH reference interval during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters as measured using both the Abbott and Roche kits （all P 〈 0.05）. The TSH reference intervals were significantly larger in the nonsequential group than in the sequential group during the 3rd trimester as measured with both the Abbott （4.95 vs. 3.77 mU/L, P 〈 0.001） and Roche kits （6.62 vs. 5.01 mU/L, P〈 0.004）. The nonsequential group had a significantly larger FT4 reference interval as measured with the Abbott kit during all trimesters （ 12.64 vs. 5.82 pmol/L; 7,96 vs. 4.77 pmol/L; 8.10 vs. 4.77 pmol/L, respectively, all P 〈 0.05）, whereas a significantly larger FT4 reference interval was only observed during the 2nd trimester with the Roche kit （7.76 vs. 5.52 pmol/L, P = 0.002）. Conclusions： It was more reasonable to establish reference intervals for the evaluation of maternal thyroid function using the sequential method during each trimester of pregnancy. Moreover, the exclusion of pregnancy-related complications should be considered in the inclusion criteria for thyroid function tests.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No. 18ZR1413600)。
文摘We investigate the nonsequential double ionization(NSDI) of linear triatomic molecules by the counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized(CRTC) laser fields with a classical ensemble method. The results of the simulation reveal that NSDI yield strongly connected with the relative phase. The trajectory tracking method shows that the return time of the electron is controlled by the relative phase. In addition, when we change the CRTC laser wavelengths, the relative phase of the maximum and minimum yield of NSDI also changes. This shows that the influence of the Coulomb potential in the triatomic molecules on the electron return process cannot be ignored. This work will effectively promote the electronic dynamics study of NSDI for the triatomic molecule.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 18ZR1413600)。
文摘Nonsequential double ionization(NSDI) of noble gas atoms in counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized(CRTC) laser fields is investigated. A scaling law is concluded by qualitatively and quantitatively comparing the momentum distributions of two electrons from NSDI in CRTC laser fields for different atoms with different parameters. The scaling law indicates that the momentum distributions from an atom driven by CRTC laser frequency ω1, ω2, and laser intensity I are the same as that from another atom irradiated by CRTC laser frequency kω1, kω2, and laser intensity k3I. This study can provide an avenue in the research of two-color laser field ionization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61275103)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.18ZR1413600)
文摘A classical ensemble method is used to investigate nonsequential double ionization（NSDI） of Ar atoms irradiated by linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulses. The correlated-electron momentum distribution（CMD） exhibits a strong dependence on the carrier-envelope phase（CEP）. When the pulse duration is four cycles, the CMD shows a cross-like structure, which is consistent with experimental results. The CEP dependence is more notable when the laser pulse duration is decreased to two cycles and a special L-shaped structure appears in CMD. Recollision time of returning electrons greatly depends on CEP, which plays a significant role in accounting for the appearance of this structure.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61475168,11674231,and 61575124)。
文摘Electron collision as well as its controlling lies in the core of study on nonsequential double ionization(NSDI).A single collision occurred in a convergent time is important to disclose the essential features of the electron correlation.However,it is difficult to form such a collision.By using counterrotating circular two-color(CRTC)laser fields,we show that a single electron collision can be achieved in a convergent time and a net electron correlation is set up within the sub-femtosecond time scale in the NSDI process of Ar atoms.The proposed method is also valid for other atoms,provided that one chooses the frequency and intensity of the CRTC field according to a scaling law.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10974068 and 10574057)
文摘This paper uses the classical ensemble method to study the double ionization of a 2-dimensional （2D） model helium atom interacting with an elliptically polarized laser pulse. The classical ensemble calculation demonstrates that the ratio of double to single ionization decreases with the increasing ellipticity of the driving field. The classical scenario shows that there are hardly any e--e recollisions with the circularly polarized laser pulse. The double ionization probability is studied for linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses. The classical numerical results are consistent with the semiclassical rescattering mechanism and in agreement with the experimental results and the quantum calculations qualitatively.
基金Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M661108)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.N2005023).
文摘With the semiclassical ensemble model, we explore the relative phase-dependent nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Mg by counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized (TCCP) laser pulses. The yield of Mg2+ sensitively depends on the relative phase Δφ and the intensity of TCCP laser fields. At Δφ=1.5π, the yield of Mg2+ exhibits a pronounced peak in the 0.05 PW/cm2 laser field. This behavior results from the increase of the initial transverse velocity compensating for the drift velocity with the decreasing angle by analyzing the angular distributions of the electron pairs in four relative phases. By changing the relative phases, we find that the recollision excitation with subsequent ionization and the recollision-impact ionization mechanisms can be controlled with TCCP laser fields.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12004323,12074329,12104389,1174131 and 91850114)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0134200)+2 种基金Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal UniversityNatural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20220101016JC)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics。
文摘We theoretically investigate the frustrated double ionization(FDI)of molecules with different alignment-dependence using a three-dimensional classical ensemble method.The numerical results show that the FDI probability decreases with increasing wavelength,which is similar to the wavelength dependence of the FDI probability of atoms.Tracing the classical trajectories reveals that the contributions to molecular FDI from single-recollision and multiple-recollision mechanisms are equal in the short wavelength regime.In the long wavelength regime,the single-recollision FDI channel dominates in FDI.The nature in which molecular FDI occurs is identified and explained.
