The gravitational constant G is a basic quantity in physics, and, despite its relative imprecision, appears in many formulas, for example, also in the formulas of the Planck units. The “relative inaccuracy” lies in ...The gravitational constant G is a basic quantity in physics, and, despite its relative imprecision, appears in many formulas, for example, also in the formulas of the Planck units. The “relative inaccuracy” lies in the fact that each measurement gives different values, depending on where and with which device the measurement is taken. Ultimately, the mean value was formed and agreed upon as the official value that is used in all calculations. In an effort to explore the reason for the inaccuracy of this quantity, some formulas were configured using G, so that the respective quantity assumed the value = 1. The gravitational constant thus modified was also used in the other Planck equations instead of the conventional G. It turned out that the new values were all equivalent to each other. It was also shown that the new values were all represented by powers of the speed of light. The G was therefore no longer needed. Just like the famous mass/energy equivalence E = m * c2, similar formulas emerged, e.g. mass/momentum = m * c, mass/velocity = m * c2 and so on. This article takes up the idea that emerges in the article by Weber [1], who describes the gravitational constant as a variable (Gvar) and gives some reasons for this. Further reasons are given in the present paper and are computed. For example, the Planck units are set iteratively with the help of the variable Gvar, so that the value of one unit equals 1 in each case. In this article, eleven Planck units are set iteratively using the variable Gvar, so that the value of one unit equals 1 in each case. If all other units are based on the Gvar determined in this way, a matrix of values is created that can be regarded both as conversion factors and as equivalence relationships. It is astonishing, but not surprising that the equivalence relation E = m * c2 is one of these results. All formulas for these equivalence relationships work with the vacuum speed of light c and a new constant K. G, both as a variable and as a constant, no longer appears in these formulae. The new thing about this theory is that the gravitational constant is no longer needed. And if it no longer exists, it can no longer cause any difficulties. The example of the Planck units shows this fact very clearly. This is a radical break with current views. It is also interesting to note that the “magic” number 137 can be calculated from the distances between the values of the matrix. In addition, a similar number can be calculated from the distances between the Planck units. This number is 131 and differs from 137 with 4.14 percent. This difference has certainly often led to confusion, for example, when measuring the Fine Structure Constant.展开更多
Abstract The dopamine transporter （DAT） is involved in the regulation of extracellular dopamine levels. A 40-bp variable-number tandem repeat （VNTR） polymorphism in the 3-untranslated region （3UTR） of the DAT ha...Abstract The dopamine transporter （DAT） is involved in the regulation of extracellular dopamine levels. A 40-bp variable-number tandem repeat （VNTR） polymorphism in the 3-untranslated region （3UTR） of the DAT has been reported to be associated with various phenotypes that are involved in the aberrant regulation of dopaminergic neu- rotransmission. In the present study, we found that miR- 137 and miR-491 caused a marked reduction of DAT expression, thereby influencing neuronal dopamine trans- port. Moreover, the regulation of miR-137 and miR-491 on this transport disappeared after the DAT was silenced. The miR-491 seed region that is located on the VNTR sequence in the 3＇UTR of the DAT and the regulatory effect of miR- 491 on the DAT depended on the VNTR copy-number. These data indicate that miR-137 and miR-491 regulate DAT expression and dopamine transport at the post- transcriptional level, suggesting that microRNA may be targeted for the treatment of diseases associated with DAT dysfunction.展开更多
文摘The gravitational constant G is a basic quantity in physics, and, despite its relative imprecision, appears in many formulas, for example, also in the formulas of the Planck units. The “relative inaccuracy” lies in the fact that each measurement gives different values, depending on where and with which device the measurement is taken. Ultimately, the mean value was formed and agreed upon as the official value that is used in all calculations. In an effort to explore the reason for the inaccuracy of this quantity, some formulas were configured using G, so that the respective quantity assumed the value = 1. The gravitational constant thus modified was also used in the other Planck equations instead of the conventional G. It turned out that the new values were all equivalent to each other. It was also shown that the new values were all represented by powers of the speed of light. The G was therefore no longer needed. Just like the famous mass/energy equivalence E = m * c2, similar formulas emerged, e.g. mass/momentum = m * c, mass/velocity = m * c2 and so on. This article takes up the idea that emerges in the article by Weber [1], who describes the gravitational constant as a variable (Gvar) and gives some reasons for this. Further reasons are given in the present paper and are computed. For example, the Planck units are set iteratively with the help of the variable Gvar, so that the value of one unit equals 1 in each case. In this article, eleven Planck units are set iteratively using the variable Gvar, so that the value of one unit equals 1 in each case. If all other units are based on the Gvar determined in this way, a matrix of values is created that can be regarded both as conversion factors and as equivalence relationships. It is astonishing, but not surprising that the equivalence relation E = m * c2 is one of these results. All formulas for these equivalence relationships work with the vacuum speed of light c and a new constant K. G, both as a variable and as a constant, no longer appears in these formulae. The new thing about this theory is that the gravitational constant is no longer needed. And if it no longer exists, it can no longer cause any difficulties. The example of the Planck units shows this fact very clearly. This is a radical break with current views. It is also interesting to note that the “magic” number 137 can be calculated from the distances between the values of the matrix. In addition, a similar number can be calculated from the distances between the Planck units. This number is 131 and differs from 137 with 4.14 percent. This difference has certainly often led to confusion, for example, when measuring the Fine Structure Constant.
基金supported by grants from the National Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China(2014M552219)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2015 A030313889,2015A030401013,2014A030313709,and 2014A030 313710)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality,China(ZDSYS201504301045406,JCYJ20150403110 829621,JCYJ20150403091443301,JCYJ20140415162542975,JCYJ 20140415162338855,JCYJ20140828163634004,and JCYJ201206 16144352139)the Health and Family Planning Commission Project of Shenzhen Municipality,China(201401026)
文摘Abstract The dopamine transporter （DAT） is involved in the regulation of extracellular dopamine levels. A 40-bp variable-number tandem repeat （VNTR） polymorphism in the 3-untranslated region （3UTR） of the DAT has been reported to be associated with various phenotypes that are involved in the aberrant regulation of dopaminergic neu- rotransmission. In the present study, we found that miR- 137 and miR-491 caused a marked reduction of DAT expression, thereby influencing neuronal dopamine trans- port. Moreover, the regulation of miR-137 and miR-491 on this transport disappeared after the DAT was silenced. The miR-491 seed region that is located on the VNTR sequence in the 3＇UTR of the DAT and the regulatory effect of miR- 491 on the DAT depended on the VNTR copy-number. These data indicate that miR-137 and miR-491 regulate DAT expression and dopamine transport at the post- transcriptional level, suggesting that microRNA may be targeted for the treatment of diseases associated with DAT dysfunction.
