The present work attributes the role of boron on the high strength steel submerged arc weld using an undermatching filler wire.Mild steel filler wire was used for welding in constant machine parameters setting to eval...The present work attributes the role of boron on the high strength steel submerged arc weld using an undermatching filler wire.Mild steel filler wire was used for welding in constant machine parameters setting to evaluate the joint strength due to the enrichment of boron.To change the chemical composition of the weld metal,boron trioxide powder was blended with virgin flux in various proportions(2.5%−12.5%),which led to an increase in boron weight percentage in the range of 0−0.0065.The results show that weld metals(WM)optical micrographs depict the various types of ferrites,pearlites and secondary phases like martensite-austenite(M-A).Acicular ferrite content was influenced by the boron trioxide addition.Heat affected zone(HAZ)micrographs were not showing appreciable changes with oxide enrichment.Hardness and toughness of weld metals showed the mixed trend with B_(2)O_(3) enrichment whereas,small reduction in ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength(YS)was observed.展开更多
The measurement of atmospheric O_(2)concentrations and related oxygen budget have been used to estimate terrestrial and oceanic carbon uptake.However,a discrepancy remains in assessments of O_(2)exchange between ocean...The measurement of atmospheric O_(2)concentrations and related oxygen budget have been used to estimate terrestrial and oceanic carbon uptake.However,a discrepancy remains in assessments of O_(2)exchange between ocean and atmosphere(i.e.air-sea O_(2)flux),which is one of the major contributors to uncertainties in the O_(2)-based estimations of the carbon uptake.Here,we explore the variability of air-sea O_(2)flux with the use of outputs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6).The simulated air-sea O_(2)flux exhibits an obvious warming-induced upward trend(~1.49 Tmol yr−2)since the mid-1980s,accompanied by a strong decadal variability dominated by oceanic climate modes.We subsequently revise the O_(2)-based carbon uptakes in response to this changing air-sea O_(2)flux.Our results show that,for the 1990−2000 period,the averaged net ocean and land sinks are 2.10±0.43 and 1.14±0.52 GtC yr−1 respectively,overall consistent with estimates derived by the Global Carbon Project(GCP).An enhanced carbon uptake is found in both land and ocean after year 2000,reflecting the modification of carbon cycle under human activities.Results derived from CMIP5 simulations also investigated in the study allow for comparisons from which we can see the vital importance of oxygen dataset on carbon uptake estimations.展开更多
稀土钢连铸过程中,结晶器内上浮至渣金界面的高熔点稀土夹杂物如果不能被保护渣有效的溶解吸收,进入保护渣后会改变渣的理化性能,影响连铸顺行。通过高温实验研究了CeAlO_(3)在连铸保护渣中的溶解机制,探究了保护渣w(CaO)/w(Al_(2)O_(3...稀土钢连铸过程中,结晶器内上浮至渣金界面的高熔点稀土夹杂物如果不能被保护渣有效的溶解吸收,进入保护渣后会改变渣的理化性能,影响连铸顺行。通过高温实验研究了CeAlO_(3)在连铸保护渣中的溶解机制,探究了保护渣w(CaO)/w(Al_(2)O_(3))(简写为C/A)对溶解过程的影响。实验结果表明,Ce AlO_(3)溶解过程中,夹杂物-渣界面会形成Ce^(3+)和Ca^(2+)的浓度边界层。在C/A为0.8的保护渣中会形成中间产物CaCeAl_(3)O_(7),随着C/A增加到1.0,中间产物Ca Ce Al_(3)O_(7)减少;继续增加C/A至1.2,中间产物消失。其溶解机制为,低C/A渣中AlO_(4)^(5-)较多,在浓度边界层中Ce AOl3溶解形成的Ce^(3+)与渣中Ca^(2+)、Al O45-反应生成中间产物Ca Ce Al_(3)O_(7),然后中间产物再向渣中溶解,溶解方式为间接溶解。高C/A渣中AlO_(4)^(5-)较少,不足以达到固相形核浓度而形成中间产物,Ce AlO_(3)通过离子扩散溶解于渣中。因此,当保护渣C/A低于或等于1,CeAlO_(3)在渣中的溶解方式为间接溶解,当保护渣C/A超过1时,Ce AlO_(3)在渣中的溶解方式转变为直接溶解。展开更多
文摘The present work attributes the role of boron on the high strength steel submerged arc weld using an undermatching filler wire.Mild steel filler wire was used for welding in constant machine parameters setting to evaluate the joint strength due to the enrichment of boron.To change the chemical composition of the weld metal,boron trioxide powder was blended with virgin flux in various proportions(2.5%−12.5%),which led to an increase in boron weight percentage in the range of 0−0.0065.The results show that weld metals(WM)optical micrographs depict the various types of ferrites,pearlites and secondary phases like martensite-austenite(M-A).Acicular ferrite content was influenced by the boron trioxide addition.Heat affected zone(HAZ)micrographs were not showing appreciable changes with oxide enrichment.Hardness and toughness of weld metals showed the mixed trend with B_(2)O_(3) enrichment whereas,small reduction in ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength(YS)was observed.
基金the World Climate Recruitment Programme’s (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM)the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals (GO-ESSP)+2 种基金jointly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41991231, 91937302)the China 111 project (Grant No. B13045)supported by Supercomputing Center of Lanzhou University
文摘The measurement of atmospheric O_(2)concentrations and related oxygen budget have been used to estimate terrestrial and oceanic carbon uptake.However,a discrepancy remains in assessments of O_(2)exchange between ocean and atmosphere(i.e.air-sea O_(2)flux),which is one of the major contributors to uncertainties in the O_(2)-based estimations of the carbon uptake.Here,we explore the variability of air-sea O_(2)flux with the use of outputs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6).The simulated air-sea O_(2)flux exhibits an obvious warming-induced upward trend(~1.49 Tmol yr−2)since the mid-1980s,accompanied by a strong decadal variability dominated by oceanic climate modes.We subsequently revise the O_(2)-based carbon uptakes in response to this changing air-sea O_(2)flux.Our results show that,for the 1990−2000 period,the averaged net ocean and land sinks are 2.10±0.43 and 1.14±0.52 GtC yr−1 respectively,overall consistent with estimates derived by the Global Carbon Project(GCP).An enhanced carbon uptake is found in both land and ocean after year 2000,reflecting the modification of carbon cycle under human activities.Results derived from CMIP5 simulations also investigated in the study allow for comparisons from which we can see the vital importance of oxygen dataset on carbon uptake estimations.
文摘稀土钢连铸过程中,结晶器内上浮至渣金界面的高熔点稀土夹杂物如果不能被保护渣有效的溶解吸收,进入保护渣后会改变渣的理化性能,影响连铸顺行。通过高温实验研究了CeAlO_(3)在连铸保护渣中的溶解机制,探究了保护渣w(CaO)/w(Al_(2)O_(3))(简写为C/A)对溶解过程的影响。实验结果表明,Ce AlO_(3)溶解过程中,夹杂物-渣界面会形成Ce^(3+)和Ca^(2+)的浓度边界层。在C/A为0.8的保护渣中会形成中间产物CaCeAl_(3)O_(7),随着C/A增加到1.0,中间产物Ca Ce Al_(3)O_(7)减少;继续增加C/A至1.2,中间产物消失。其溶解机制为,低C/A渣中AlO_(4)^(5-)较多,在浓度边界层中Ce AOl3溶解形成的Ce^(3+)与渣中Ca^(2+)、Al O45-反应生成中间产物Ca Ce Al_(3)O_(7),然后中间产物再向渣中溶解,溶解方式为间接溶解。高C/A渣中AlO_(4)^(5-)较少,不足以达到固相形核浓度而形成中间产物,Ce AlO_(3)通过离子扩散溶解于渣中。因此,当保护渣C/A低于或等于1,CeAlO_(3)在渣中的溶解方式为间接溶解,当保护渣C/A超过1时,Ce AlO_(3)在渣中的溶解方式转变为直接溶解。
