Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of continuous gum chewing exercise on perioral muscle strength. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (24.1 ± 2.0 years) with normal occlusion performed gu...Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of continuous gum chewing exercise on perioral muscle strength. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (24.1 ± 2.0 years) with normal occlusion performed gum chewing exercise 3 times daily for 3 months. Each exercise session lasted 5 min and involved alternating of chewing 10 times using the left molars and then 10 times using the right molars, with the mouth closed. The effect of the exercise on oral function was evaluated by measuring tongue pressure (TP), cheek pressure (CP), and labial closure strength (LCS) immediately before starting exercise, at 2 weeks and 1, 2, and 3 months after starting exercise, and at 3 months after cessation of exercise. Changes in TP, CP, and LCS according to sex and duration of exercise were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA. Results: Measurements for all muscles were significantly greater in men than in women at all time points. After starting exercise, TP was markedly increased at 2 months in men and women, and both CP and LCS were markedly increased at 2 weeks in men and at 1 month in women. These effects persisted for 3 months. Three months after cessation of exercise, TP, CP, and LCS tended to decrease, but were not significantly attenuated as compared with 3 months after beginning of exercise in either sex. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that gum chewing exercise contributed to an improvement in perioral muscle strength, and that this effect was maintained for at least 3 months after discontinuation of exercise.展开更多
Role-play is recommended as a useful method to solve the problem of oral English teaching. It's much more than a performance and it can be considered as a way to vary the kinds of spoken interaction that learners ...Role-play is recommended as a useful method to solve the problem of oral English teaching. It's much more than a performance and it can be considered as a way to vary the kinds of spoken interaction that learners can experience in the classroom of universities. Through the use of role-play, oral English teaching becomes more interesting and attractive; university students can gain more oral English skills in the mini society atmosphere, and the accuracy and fluency of their oral English will be improved.展开更多
This paper is to evaluate postoperative function which has undergone reconstruction with vascularized or pedicled flaps for the treatment of oral carcinomas. The subjects consisted of 22 cases of 17 male and 5 female ...This paper is to evaluate postoperative function which has undergone reconstruction with vascularized or pedicled flaps for the treatment of oral carcinomas. The subjects consisted of 22 cases of 17 male and 5 female patients, and their mean age was 55 years. The sites of reconstruction were the tongue in 12 cases, mandible in 10 cases. The reconstruction was performed using deltopectoral (DP) flaps in 6 cases, pectoralis major musculo cutaneous (PMMC) flaps in 3 cases, DP flap + PMMC flap in one case, forearm (FA) flaps in 8 cases and peroneal (P) flaps with fibula in 4 cases. Postoperative masticatory, speech, swallowing functions and facial appearance were evaluated by Multi-factorial analysis. All functional results seem to be related to the type of resection. By multi-factorial analysis, the type of mandibular resection, flap area, and anterior resection were related to the masticatory or speech function in tongue resection. In mandibular resection, masticatory function was subjected to age;speech function was subjected to type of mandibular resection and plate reconstruction. The facial appearance was subjected to flap area. These results suggested that postoperative function was not related to only one factor, but using the classification of each defect site as one of the factor of multi-factorial analysis was useful.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:"">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:"">: Oral diadochokinesis (ODK) has been shown to be associated with oral frailty...<b><span style="font-family:"">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:"">: Oral diadochokinesis (ODK) has been shown to be associated with oral frailty. In this study, we investigate the relationship between physical function, swallowing function, nutritional evaluation, and each syllable of ODK. <b>Methods</b>: The subjects are 26 elderly people living in an area where <span>they can walk. ODK, tongue pressure, modified water swallowing test, EAT-10,</span> grip strength, MNA-SF, skeletal muscle index, height, weight, and BMI were evaluated. For statistical analysis based on ODK values, the subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of the number of times the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were repeated: 1) The first group with >6 repetitions exceeded six</span><span style="font-family:"">;</span><span style="font-family:""> 2) the second group with ≤5 repetitions. Both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (Model 1). In addition, the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were also divided among the groups and a comparison was performed (Model 2). <b>Results</b>: In Model 1, the tongue pressure value was significantly higher in the good group (p < 0.01). In Model 2, the good group showed significantly higher values for the syllables /pa/ (p < 0.01) and /ta/ (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the values for the syllable /ka/. <b>Conclusion</b>: In community-dwelling elderly people, tongue pressure was positively associated with ODK values for the syllables /pa/ and /ta/, suggesting that tongue pressure may be associated with strength of the lip and tongue tip muscles. Furthermore, it was suggested that the ODK values may even be lower than normal values in the elderly who maintain skeletal muscle mass and thus have adequate tongue pressure;therefore, these indicators may be used as a guideline to assess oral frailty.展开更多
The effects on immune function of broilers was studied by adding different doses of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, to provide a theoretical basis for application and promotion of Shuanghuangli...The effects on immune function of broilers was studied by adding different doses of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, to provide a theoretical basis for application and promotion of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid. Ninety one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups ： group I was designed as control; groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added with 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, respectively. Compared with group I, all tested indicators in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased at varying degrees as follows ： bursa of fabricius index increased by 5.74% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 7.66% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; thymus index increased by 1.47% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 2.06% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; spleen index increased by 5.88% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.84% （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; Newcastle disease virus （NDV） antibody titer increased by 11.99% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 16.94% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL-2 content increased by 2.71% （P 〉 0.05） and 4.52% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL -6 content increased by 4.04% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.26% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, respectively. The results showed that adding 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuangllan propolis oral liquid in drinking water could improve the immune function of broiler and immune effect of ND vaccine.展开更多
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of continuous gum chewing exercise on perioral muscle strength. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (24.1 ± 2.0 years) with normal occlusion performed gum chewing exercise 3 times daily for 3 months. Each exercise session lasted 5 min and involved alternating of chewing 10 times using the left molars and then 10 times using the right molars, with the mouth closed. The effect of the exercise on oral function was evaluated by measuring tongue pressure (TP), cheek pressure (CP), and labial closure strength (LCS) immediately before starting exercise, at 2 weeks and 1, 2, and 3 months after starting exercise, and at 3 months after cessation of exercise. Changes in TP, CP, and LCS according to sex and duration of exercise were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA. Results: Measurements for all muscles were significantly greater in men than in women at all time points. After starting exercise, TP was markedly increased at 2 months in men and women, and both CP and LCS were markedly increased at 2 weeks in men and at 1 month in women. These effects persisted for 3 months. Three months after cessation of exercise, TP, CP, and LCS tended to decrease, but were not significantly attenuated as compared with 3 months after beginning of exercise in either sex. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that gum chewing exercise contributed to an improvement in perioral muscle strength, and that this effect was maintained for at least 3 months after discontinuation of exercise.
文摘Role-play is recommended as a useful method to solve the problem of oral English teaching. It's much more than a performance and it can be considered as a way to vary the kinds of spoken interaction that learners can experience in the classroom of universities. Through the use of role-play, oral English teaching becomes more interesting and attractive; university students can gain more oral English skills in the mini society atmosphere, and the accuracy and fluency of their oral English will be improved.
文摘This paper is to evaluate postoperative function which has undergone reconstruction with vascularized or pedicled flaps for the treatment of oral carcinomas. The subjects consisted of 22 cases of 17 male and 5 female patients, and their mean age was 55 years. The sites of reconstruction were the tongue in 12 cases, mandible in 10 cases. The reconstruction was performed using deltopectoral (DP) flaps in 6 cases, pectoralis major musculo cutaneous (PMMC) flaps in 3 cases, DP flap + PMMC flap in one case, forearm (FA) flaps in 8 cases and peroneal (P) flaps with fibula in 4 cases. Postoperative masticatory, speech, swallowing functions and facial appearance were evaluated by Multi-factorial analysis. All functional results seem to be related to the type of resection. By multi-factorial analysis, the type of mandibular resection, flap area, and anterior resection were related to the masticatory or speech function in tongue resection. In mandibular resection, masticatory function was subjected to age;speech function was subjected to type of mandibular resection and plate reconstruction. The facial appearance was subjected to flap area. These results suggested that postoperative function was not related to only one factor, but using the classification of each defect site as one of the factor of multi-factorial analysis was useful.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:"">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:"">: Oral diadochokinesis (ODK) has been shown to be associated with oral frailty. In this study, we investigate the relationship between physical function, swallowing function, nutritional evaluation, and each syllable of ODK. <b>Methods</b>: The subjects are 26 elderly people living in an area where <span>they can walk. ODK, tongue pressure, modified water swallowing test, EAT-10,</span> grip strength, MNA-SF, skeletal muscle index, height, weight, and BMI were evaluated. For statistical analysis based on ODK values, the subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of the number of times the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were repeated: 1) The first group with >6 repetitions exceeded six</span><span style="font-family:"">;</span><span style="font-family:""> 2) the second group with ≤5 repetitions. Both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (Model 1). In addition, the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were also divided among the groups and a comparison was performed (Model 2). <b>Results</b>: In Model 1, the tongue pressure value was significantly higher in the good group (p < 0.01). In Model 2, the good group showed significantly higher values for the syllables /pa/ (p < 0.01) and /ta/ (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the values for the syllable /ka/. <b>Conclusion</b>: In community-dwelling elderly people, tongue pressure was positively associated with ODK values for the syllables /pa/ and /ta/, suggesting that tongue pressure may be associated with strength of the lip and tongue tip muscles. Furthermore, it was suggested that the ODK values may even be lower than normal values in the elderly who maintain skeletal muscle mass and thus have adequate tongue pressure;therefore, these indicators may be used as a guideline to assess oral frailty.
文摘The effects on immune function of broilers was studied by adding different doses of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, to provide a theoretical basis for application and promotion of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid. Ninety one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups ： group I was designed as control; groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added with 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, respectively. Compared with group I, all tested indicators in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased at varying degrees as follows ： bursa of fabricius index increased by 5.74% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 7.66% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; thymus index increased by 1.47% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 2.06% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; spleen index increased by 5.88% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.84% （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; Newcastle disease virus （NDV） antibody titer increased by 11.99% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 16.94% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL-2 content increased by 2.71% （P 〉 0.05） and 4.52% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL -6 content increased by 4.04% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.26% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, respectively. The results showed that adding 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuangllan propolis oral liquid in drinking water could improve the immune function of broiler and immune effect of ND vaccine.
