Oral cavity cancers are part of head and neck cancers. They have become frequent in the world in general and Senegal in particular. This study evaluates microsatellite instability tumors in oral cavity cancers in Sene...Oral cavity cancers are part of head and neck cancers. They have become frequent in the world in general and Senegal in particular. This study evaluates microsatellite instability tumors in oral cavity cancers in Senegal. Forty cancerous tissues, 20 healthy tissues, and 12 blood tissues were included in this study. These tissues were collected from each patient during the biopsy after obtaining consent. DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing were carried out to obtain sequences. Mutation surveyor, Bioedit and Dnasp software were used to perform our analyses. High instability was found in 57.5% of patients with cancer. Moreover, 90% of the patients had the same motif on healthy and cancerous tissue. Furthermore, 26.12%, 20.72%, and 11.71% polymorphic sites were found in cancerous, healthy and blood tissue respectively. Thus, a similarity between cancerous and healthy tissues seems to exist. This implies that instability of the Bat 26 microsatellite could occur early in the occurrence of oral cavity cancers.展开更多
Lymphatic malformation (ML), formerly called cystic lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous tumor of lymphatic vessels. The onset of lymphangiomas is either at birth (60% to 70%) or up to two years of age (90%) and rar...Lymphatic malformation (ML), formerly called cystic lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous tumor of lymphatic vessels. The onset of lymphangiomas is either at birth (60% to 70%) or up to two years of age (90%) and rare in adults. These malformations can occur in any region of the body, Lymphangiomas have marked predilection for the head and neck region (50% - 70%). The most common location in the mouth is the dorsum of tongue. If the positive diagnosis is generally easy, the therapeutic management remains controversial. We report the clinical case of a 23-year-old adult patient with cystic lymphangioma on the floor of the oral cavity extending gradually to the right submandibular region. The clinically suspected tumor was thoroughly explored using tomodensitometry. The treatment consisted of complete resection by a cervicotomy with histological examination confirming the macroscopic diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma. Follow-up at 3 years showed no recurrence.展开更多
The aim of the study was a determination of the levels of nitric oxide(NO)and its biological markers such as malonyldialdehyde(MDA)and nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the ora...The aim of the study was a determination of the levels of nitric oxide(NO)and its biological markers such as malonyldialdehyde(MDA)and nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the oral cavity and identification of the relationships between NO and those markers.These studies were performed on patients with SCC of the oral cavity before and after treatment.Griess reaction was used for the estimation of the total concentration of NO in serum.The nitrotyrosine level in serum was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit,and MDA level using a spectrophotometric assay.Higher concentrations of NO in blood serum were determined in patients with stage IV of the disease before treatment in comparison to the control group and patients with stages II and III of the disease.Moreover,higher concentrations of MDA and nitrotyrosine were determined in the serum of patients in all stages of the disease in comparison to healthy people.After treatment,lower concentrations of NO in the serum of patients with stage IV of the disease were observed in comparison to the amounts obtained prior to treatment.In addition,lower levels of nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with all stages of the disease were recorded,whereas higher concentrations of MDA were determined in these patients in comparison to results obtained before treatment.The compounds formed with the contribution of NO,such as MDA and nitrotyrosine,may lead to cancer progression in patients with SCC of the oral cavity,and contribute to formation of resistance to therapy in these patients as well.Moreover,the lack of a relationship between concentrations of NO and MDA,and between NO and nitrotyrosine in serum suggests that the process of lipid peroxidation and nitration in patients with SCC does not just depend on NO.展开更多
The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in...The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in the oral cavity,a prototype tooth model was used.Based on the principle developed in a previous publication by the author(s),the proposed system has been implemented using the oral cavity(tongue,teeth,and lips)features alone,without the glottis and the larynx.The positions of the sensors in the proposed system were optimized based on articulatory(oral cavity)gestures estimated by simulating the mechanism of human speech.The system has been tested for all English alphabets and several words with sensor-based input along with an experimental demonstration of the developed algorithm,with limit switches,potentiometer,and flex sensors emulating the tongue in an artificial oral cavity.The system produces the sounds of vowels,consonants,and words in English,along with the pronunciation of meanings of their translations in four major Indian languages,all from oral cavity mapping.The experimental setup also caters to gender mapping of voice.The sound produced from the hardware has been validated by a perceptual test to verify the gender and word of the speech sample by listeners,with∼98%and∼95%accuracy,respectively.Such a model may be useful to interpret speech for those who are speech-disabled because of accidents,neuron disorder,spinal cord injury,or larynx disorder.展开更多
BACKGROUND An impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children.In most cases,it is not accompanied by sequelae,but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury,they may res...BACKGROUND An impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children.In most cases,it is not accompanied by sequelae,but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury,they may result in inflammatory responses and delayed vascular injuries in the surrounding tissues.Without early diagnosis and appropriate initial management,residual foreign bodies can cause serious complications and even mortality in some cases.CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy suffered an intra-oral injury by a wooden chopstick,and the patient was discharged from the hospital after receiving conservative treatment for the injury.However,the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to intraoral bleeding,and since neck hematoma and right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation were detected on computed tomography,emergency surgery was performed.A remnant fragment of a wooden chopstick was found during the operation,and a delayed rupture of the internal carotid artery caused by the foreign body was also found.CONCLUSION The failure of early detection and diagnosis of a residual foreign body may result in delayed vascular rupture.展开更多
Purpose: Candida albicans is regarded as a part of normal flora in the human oral cavity. However, it remains unclear whether the genus Candida, especially C. albicans, is an oral resident microorganism and causes mar...Purpose: Candida albicans is regarded as a part of normal flora in the human oral cavity. However, it remains unclear whether the genus Candida, especially C. albicans, is an oral resident microorganism and causes marital infection or not. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the origin of oral C. albicans by investigating the colonization and infection route to oral cavities of this organism with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Methods: After C. albicans was isolated from four subjects (average age: 42.2, range: 33 - 56), the isolations of this organism from them were performed six months later again. To investigate whether C. albicans is an oral resident microorganism, the genotype homology of each C. albicans isolates that were isolated twice from the same subjects was compared. Moreover, C. albicans was isolated from five pairs of married couples (average period of cohabitation: 12.4 years, range: 5 - 31). To investigate whether C. albicans causes marital infection, the genotype homology of C. albicans isolates that were isolated from each pair of married couples was compared. Results: AP-PCR patterns of C. albicans that were isolated from each subject at o month and after 6 months showed the identical genotypes among each individual. C. albicans isolates from five pairs of married couples showed the identical genotypes between a husband and wife of each pair on AP-PCR. Conclusion: These results indicated that C. albicans was an oral resident microorganism and caused the marital infection.展开更多
A significant increase in dental diseases in adolescents who spend a long time at the computer, according to modern concepts, is mediated by the electromagnetic field of the computer, the impact of which has not been ...A significant increase in dental diseases in adolescents who spend a long time at the computer, according to modern concepts, is mediated by the electromagnetic field of the computer, the impact of which has not been fully studied. The paper presents data from a comparative study of the dental status of the oral cavity and the state of periodontal tissues in adolescents aged 18 to 15 who spend more than 5 (target group of 55 adolescents) and less than 5 hours (control group of 20 adolescents) at the computer. The selection of the contingent was carried out randomly. According to the dental characteristics of the oral cavity, the number of dental plaque was assessed according to the simplified Turkish OHI-S hygiene index, in the modification Hi Fedorov-Volotkina, the severity of inflammatory and destructive changes in periodontal tissues according to the Pi index (Russell), and their prevalence according to the Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar index PMA in Parma modification. The conducted comparative study showed that in adolescents who worked 8 - 12 hours at the computer, periodontal changes occur much more often and are more pronounced than in adolescents who worked less than 5 hours. In addition, the neurohormonal parameters of the saliva of adolescents who are at the computer for less than 5 hours practically do not change, but in adults who work longer than 8 hours the saliva data in the mouth changes while.展开更多
Objective: The study aims to compare the application value of midline catheter and indwelling needle in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period. Methods: 146 patients with oral cavity malign...Objective: The study aims to compare the application value of midline catheter and indwelling needle in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period. Methods: 146 patients with oral cavity malignancies admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to July 2021 were selected as the research subjects. 73 patients treated with midline catheters during the treatment were the experimental group, and another 73 patients were treated with indwelling needles as the control group. The indwelling time, total number of puncturing times, and incidence of adverse reactions of two catheterization methods were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, each patient was investigated for treatment satisfaction. Result: The indwelling time was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.0001), and the total number of puncturing times in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.960, P = 0.0259) was significantly lower than that in the control group in terms of catheter occlusion (χ<sup>2</sup> = 12.56, P = 0.0004), catheter detachment (χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.46, P = 0.0036), drug extravasation (χ<sup>2</sup> = 3.27, P = 0.0011), phlebitis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 3.62, P = 0.0003), and bleeding from the puncture point (χ<sup>2</sup> = 14.98, P = 0.0001). The satisfaction rate (χ<sup>2</sup> = 33.45, P < 0.0001) and fundamental satisfaction rate (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.57, P < 0.0001) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the dissatisfaction rate was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ<sup>2</sup> = 11.38, P = 0.0007). The difference is statistically significant. Conclusion: Compared with indwelling needle, the application of midline catheters in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period can effectively reduce the number of puncturing times and the incidence of catheter-related adverse reactions, with a high satisfaction rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application. 展开更多
Over the past several years, the severity of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infections has not significantly diminished. After successful eradication, the annual H. pylori recurrence rate is approximately 13% due toor...Over the past several years, the severity of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infections has not significantly diminished. After successful eradication, the annual H. pylori recurrence rate is approximately 13% due tooral H. pylori infection. Established clinical diagnostic techniques do not identify an oral etiologic basis of H. pylori prior to gastric infection. There has been disagreement as to whether oral infection of H. pylori exists or not, with no definite conclusion. In medical practice, negative results with the urea breath test suggest that the stomach infection of H. pylori is cured in these patients. In fact, patients can present negative urea breath test results and yet exhibit H. pylori infection due to oral infection. The present paper provides evidence that H. pylori oral infection is nonetheless present, and the oral cavity represents a secondary site for H. pylori colonization.展开更多
Spindle-cell lipoma (SCL) is a variant of lipoma, usually presenting in the neck or trunk. SCL of the oral cavity is rare. Some cases of oral SCL have been reported;however, the clinico-pathologic characteristics of o...Spindle-cell lipoma (SCL) is a variant of lipoma, usually presenting in the neck or trunk. SCL of the oral cavity is rare. Some cases of oral SCL have been reported;however, the clinico-pathologic characteristics of oral SCL are still unknown. Here we report on 2 cases and review 33 cases of oral SCL published in the literature. The patients were 23 men and 12 women, with a mean age of 55 years (range 23 - 88 years);there were no children. Tumor sites included: tongue (n = 13), cheek/buccal mucosa (n = 11), floor of mouth (n = 5), lip (n = 2), hard palate (n = 2), alveolar ridge (n = 1), and maxilla (n = 1). The mean tumor size was 20.87 mm (range 3 - 50 mm), smaller than extra-oral lesions. Thirty-three patients (94%) presented with a single lesion that was circumscribed and composed of mature adipocytes admixed with bland spindle cells. The spindle cells were strongly immunoreactive for CD34, whereas the adipocytes were negative. The main differential diagnosis is atypical lipoma/well-differentiated liposarcoma. All lesions underwent local excision and recurrences are rare. Oral SCL do not seem to differ from their extra-oral counterpart, which are much more common and larger in size. SCL should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral cavity mesenchymal tumors.展开更多
The herpesviruses are ubiquitous, doubled-strandedDNA viruses that can reactivate under conditions such as immunosuppressive therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malnutrition, and immunosenescence. There are e...The herpesviruses are ubiquitous, doubled-strandedDNA viruses that can reactivate under conditions such as immunosuppressive therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malnutrition, and immunosenescence. There are eight types of herpesviruses: Human herpesvirus simplex(HSV) type I(HSV-1) and HSV type II(HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus(VZV), epstein-Barr virus(EBV), cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus(HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus. Some of these viruses can infect the oral cavity, leading to different types of lesions. Specifically, labial herpes(HSV-1 and less frequently HSV-2), zoster(VZV), infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leukoplakia(EBV), and Kaposi's Sarcoma(HHV-8) are the most common viruses infecting the oral cavity. Some of these viruses can act in synergy with other herpesviruses or as distinct infectious agents. Other herpesviruses may have indirect effects in periodontal disease. The diagnosis is frequently based on signs and symptoms and depends on the experience of the examiner. Cytopathologic and/or histopathologic examination as well as immunological methods such as ELISA could help to elucidate cases. In addition, molecular techniques which can be sensitive and specific have been reported in the literature. These methods require low amounts of sample and could offer results faster than other traditional methods.展开更多
Context: There have been significant changes in the epidemiology of head and neck cancers (HNC) in the last three decades worldwide. Documenting these trends helps to facilitate cancer prevention measures and aids res...Context: There have been significant changes in the epidemiology of head and neck cancers (HNC) in the last three decades worldwide. Documenting these trends helps to facilitate cancer prevention measures and aids resource allocation. Objective: To analyse incidence and mortality trends in Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) in the UK and compare regional differences between England and Scotland. Design: Retrospective quantitative analysis of time trends of HNC cases in the UK recorded in the International Agency for Research into Cancer (IARC) CI5 database and WHO mortality database. Setting: Cancer databases with extraction of UK HNC incidence and mortality time trends. Patients: All patients with cancers of the larynx, thyroid, oral cavity and pharynx in the UK (1975-2002) recorded in the IARC and WHO databases. Main Outcome Measures: HNC incidence and mortality trends in the UK. Results: There has been an increase in incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the UK especially among males with higher rates in Scotland. However mortality has increased in Scotland and reduced in England. Thyroid cancer incidence has increased in the UK especially among females with higher rates in Scotland. Mortality has reduced in both regions. Laryngeal cancer among males has increased in incidence particularly in Scotland with a decline in incidence in England. Mortality has reduced significantly in England among males but increased in Scotland. Conclusions: In the UK, Scotland has higher incidence rates of HNC compared with England. Mortality has reduced in England from all the HNC sub-sites but has increased in Scotland for laryngeal, oral & pharynxgeal cancers. Although socioeconomic deprivation and its relation to higher alcohol and tobacco consumption have been highlighted as drivers, further studies are required.展开更多
Oral health is the pathway to one’s general health and wellness. Mouthwash is a product used as an adjunct to oral hygiene practices as an antiseptic and antiplaque and antimicrobial agent. The awareness of using mou...Oral health is the pathway to one’s general health and wellness. Mouthwash is a product used as an adjunct to oral hygiene practices as an antiseptic and antiplaque and antimicrobial agent. The awareness of using mouthwash solution is so limited worldwide. And maybe there’s effect of mouthwash on commensal flora. The aim of this study is to measure the effect of using Mouthwash solution on commensal flora of the oral cavity. In this study, we determined three groups, the first group is considered as a basic group where Female students are not using any mouthwash, the second group used mouthwash twice daily for two weeks, group number three used mouthwash twice weekly. We take cytological sample scraping from oral cavity. All the cytological sections of all groups stained with Papanicolaou stain and examined the slides under the microscope. The study came out with the following results: The basic group that did not use any mouthwash remained unchanged, while the second group, who used mouthwash twice daily, showed a clear epithelial tissue for any bacteria and a clear background. Group number three, who used mouthwash twice a week, showed countable bacteria in epithelial tissue with a clear background. Finally, the study concluded: Cosmetic mouthwash solution has a bad effect on commensal flora if you over used it and leads to killing all your normal flora in oral cavity as much as therapeutic mouthwash will do.展开更多
Due to a lack of substantial improvement in the outcome of patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) during the past decades, current staging methods need to be revised. This disease is associated wit...Due to a lack of substantial improvement in the outcome of patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) during the past decades, current staging methods need to be revised. This disease is associated with poor survival rates despite considerable advances in diagnosis and treatment. The early detection of metastases is an important indicator of survival, prognosis and relapse. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying metastasis is crucial. Exploring alternative measures apart from common procedures is needed to identify new prognostic markers. Similar to previous findings predominantly for other solid tumours, recently published studies demonstrate that circulating tumour cells(CTCs) and disseminated tumour cells(DTCs) might serve as prognostic markers and could supplement routine staging in OSCC. Thus, the detection of CTCs/DTCs is a promising tool todetermine the individual need for therapeutic intervention. Encouraging results and new approaches point to the future use of targeted therapies for OSCC, an exceedingly heterogeneous subgroup of head and neck cancer. This review focuses on summarising technologies currently used to detect CTCs/DTCs. The translational relevance for OSCC is highlighted. The inherent challenges in detecting CTCs/DTCs will be emphasised.展开更多
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an important mediator of apoptosis and the proliferation of cancer cells. It is upregulated in cells showing increasing radioresistance. Here we present the correlation between SphK1 ex...Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an important mediator of apoptosis and the proliferation of cancer cells. It is upregulated in cells showing increasing radioresistance. Here we present the correlation between SphK1 expression and survival outcomes in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity. A retrospective chart review was performed between January 2009 and August 2010 at the University of Southern California. Patients diagnosed with an advanced-stage primary tumor restricted to the oral cavity and a minimum follow-up of two years were included. Patients who did not receive post-operative radiation therapy were excluded. Eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria with 10 (55.6%) patients demonstrating high expression of SphK1 and 8 (44.4%) patients demonstrating a low-to-moderate expression of SphK1. Tumor recurrence occurred in 9 patients (50.0%): 5 patients (27.8%) in the SphK1high cohort at a mean time to progression of 2.5 mo and 4 patients (22.2%) in the SphK1low cohort at a mean time to progression of 11.0 mo (p = 0.023). Death occurred in 8 patients (66.7%) in the SphK1high cohort and 3 patients (16.7%) in the SphK1low cohort (p = 0.036). Higher expression of SphK1 correlates with greater radioresistance and poorer survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC of the oral cavity.展开更多
The mucosal immune system defends against a vast array of pathogens, yet it exhibits limited responses to commensal microorganisms under healthy conditions. The oral-pharyngeal cavity, the gateway for both the gastroi...The mucosal immune system defends against a vast array of pathogens, yet it exhibits limited responses to commensal microorganisms under healthy conditions. The oral-pharyngeal cavity, the gateway for both the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is composed of complex anatomical structures and is constantly challenged by antigens from air and food. The mucosal immune system of the oral-pharyngeal cavity must prevent pathogen entry while maintaining immune homeostasis, which is achieved via a range of mechanisms that are similar or different to those utilized by the gastrointestinal immune system. In this review, we summarize the features of the mucosal immune system,focusing on T cell subsets and their functions. We also discuss our current understanding of the oral-pharyngeal mucosal immune system.展开更多
Mucosal malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare condition. It has a poor prognosis. Here we report two typical cases of malignant melanoma. In the first case, 64 years old man developed an exophytic...Mucosal malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare condition. It has a poor prognosis. Here we report two typical cases of malignant melanoma. In the first case, 64 years old man developed an exophytic tumor in the hard palate. Head and neck and chest computerized tomography scan showed a large aggressive tumor of the hard palate. The patient also had multiple lung metastases and a cervical lymph node. The second case is a 73 years old woman presenting a burgeoning mass on the right palate. Facial CT reveals a malignant tumor lateralized in the right palate with ipsilateral metastatic lymph nodes. Histological with immunohistochemical studies assigned both cases to a malignant melanoma. Due to the rarity of oral malignant melanomas, case reports are a necessary source of information.展开更多
Objective: To observe the accuracy of femoral preparation and the position of the cementless prosthesis in femoral cavity, and to compare the results between the computer-assisted surgical group (CASPAR) and the conve...Objective: To observe the accuracy of femoral preparation and the position of the cementless prosthesis in femoral cavity, and to compare the results between the computer-assisted surgical group (CASPAR) and the conventional group. Methods: Ten femoral components were implanted either manually or by CASPAR in cadaver femurs. The specimens were cut to 3mm thick slices. Microradiograms of every slice were sent to a computer for analysis with special software (IDL). The gaps and the medullary cavities between component and bone, the direct bone contact area of the implant surface, the gap width and the percentage of gap and bone contact area were measured in every slice. Results: In the proximal implant coated with HA of the CASPAR group, the average percentage of bone contact reached 93.2% (ranging from 87.6% to 99.7%); the average gap percentage was 2.9% (ranging from 0.3% to 7.8%); the maximum gap width was 0.81mm and the average gap width was only 0.20mm. While in the conventional group, the average percentage of bone contact reached 60.1% (ranging from 49.2% to 70.4%); the average gap percentage was 32.8% (ranging from 25.1% to 39.9%); the maximum gap width was 2.97mm and the average gap width was 0.77mm. The average gap around the implant in the CASPAR group was only 9% of that in the manual group; the maximum and average gap widths were only about 26% of those in the manual group. On the other hand, the CASPAR group showed 33% higher bone contact than the manual group. Conclusion: With the use of robotics-assisted system, significant progress can be achieved for femoral preparation in total hip arthroplasty.展开更多
Oropharyngeal tumor is the eight most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Among the causes of oropharyngeal carcinoma significant are cigarette smoking, abuse of alcohol, multi-partners, high risk HPV (Human Papil...Oropharyngeal tumor is the eight most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Among the causes of oropharyngeal carcinoma significant are cigarette smoking, abuse of alcohol, multi-partners, high risk HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and etc. Cytological material (oral Pap smear) was taken from oral fundus and cheek mucous by the cytobrush. 47 participants with cervix pathology and 42 participants of the control group were investigated. Oral smears were stained by the Papanicolaou method and were diagnosed by a double blind method. After the cytological examination, we carried out detecting low and high risk HPV by chromogenic in-situ hy-bridization (CISH method) to use a positive and negative control. The quantitative statistical analysis was performed by SPSS V.19.0. Numeral data were processed using Pearson correlation and X2 tests. Confidence interval of 95% was regarded statistically significant. Study group’s oral pap smear with atypical cytology was detected in 61.7%. Atypical cytological changes in the control group were confirmed in 38.0%. High risk HPV detection by the CISH, in study group, showed positivity in 46.8% and in the control group—in 4.8%. Participants with cervix pathology will be considered as a risk-group to develop oropharyngeal tumor. Screening program for oropharyngeal cancer combines Pap smear and high risk HPV test together. For the control group, it is recommended to use oral pap smear and in the case of atypical changes using high risk HPV test too.展开更多
Usually the oral manifestations of NHL are secondary to a more widespread involvement throughout the body, however, it can rarely present as a primary lesion in the oral cavity, having 0.1% - 0.2% prevalence. In this ...Usually the oral manifestations of NHL are secondary to a more widespread involvement throughout the body, however, it can rarely present as a primary lesion in the oral cavity, having 0.1% - 0.2% prevalence. In this paper we report a case of highly proliferative oral non-Hodgkin lymphoma which presented with very mild symptoms, but had a sudden and significant progression in less than two weeks with involvement of all four quadrants of the oral cavity.展开更多
文摘Oral cavity cancers are part of head and neck cancers. They have become frequent in the world in general and Senegal in particular. This study evaluates microsatellite instability tumors in oral cavity cancers in Senegal. Forty cancerous tissues, 20 healthy tissues, and 12 blood tissues were included in this study. These tissues were collected from each patient during the biopsy after obtaining consent. DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing were carried out to obtain sequences. Mutation surveyor, Bioedit and Dnasp software were used to perform our analyses. High instability was found in 57.5% of patients with cancer. Moreover, 90% of the patients had the same motif on healthy and cancerous tissue. Furthermore, 26.12%, 20.72%, and 11.71% polymorphic sites were found in cancerous, healthy and blood tissue respectively. Thus, a similarity between cancerous and healthy tissues seems to exist. This implies that instability of the Bat 26 microsatellite could occur early in the occurrence of oral cavity cancers.
文摘Lymphatic malformation (ML), formerly called cystic lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous tumor of lymphatic vessels. The onset of lymphangiomas is either at birth (60% to 70%) or up to two years of age (90%) and rare in adults. These malformations can occur in any region of the body, Lymphangiomas have marked predilection for the head and neck region (50% - 70%). The most common location in the mouth is the dorsum of tongue. If the positive diagnosis is generally easy, the therapeutic management remains controversial. We report the clinical case of a 23-year-old adult patient with cystic lymphangioma on the floor of the oral cavity extending gradually to the right submandibular region. The clinically suspected tumor was thoroughly explored using tomodensitometry. The treatment consisted of complete resection by a cervicotomy with histological examination confirming the macroscopic diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma. Follow-up at 3 years showed no recurrence.
基金the Medical University of Bialystok,Poland(projectno:3-06429F)
文摘The aim of the study was a determination of the levels of nitric oxide(NO)and its biological markers such as malonyldialdehyde(MDA)and nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the oral cavity and identification of the relationships between NO and those markers.These studies were performed on patients with SCC of the oral cavity before and after treatment.Griess reaction was used for the estimation of the total concentration of NO in serum.The nitrotyrosine level in serum was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit,and MDA level using a spectrophotometric assay.Higher concentrations of NO in blood serum were determined in patients with stage IV of the disease before treatment in comparison to the control group and patients with stages II and III of the disease.Moreover,higher concentrations of MDA and nitrotyrosine were determined in the serum of patients in all stages of the disease in comparison to healthy people.After treatment,lower concentrations of NO in the serum of patients with stage IV of the disease were observed in comparison to the amounts obtained prior to treatment.In addition,lower levels of nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with all stages of the disease were recorded,whereas higher concentrations of MDA were determined in these patients in comparison to results obtained before treatment.The compounds formed with the contribution of NO,such as MDA and nitrotyrosine,may lead to cancer progression in patients with SCC of the oral cavity,and contribute to formation of resistance to therapy in these patients as well.Moreover,the lack of a relationship between concentrations of NO and MDA,and between NO and nitrotyrosine in serum suggests that the process of lipid peroxidation and nitration in patients with SCC does not just depend on NO.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge theMinistry of Electronics and Informa-tion Technology(MeitY)Government of India for financial support through the scholarship for Palli Padmini,during research work through Visvesvaraya Ph.D.Scheme for Electronics and IT.
文摘The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in the oral cavity,a prototype tooth model was used.Based on the principle developed in a previous publication by the author(s),the proposed system has been implemented using the oral cavity(tongue,teeth,and lips)features alone,without the glottis and the larynx.The positions of the sensors in the proposed system were optimized based on articulatory(oral cavity)gestures estimated by simulating the mechanism of human speech.The system has been tested for all English alphabets and several words with sensor-based input along with an experimental demonstration of the developed algorithm,with limit switches,potentiometer,and flex sensors emulating the tongue in an artificial oral cavity.The system produces the sounds of vowels,consonants,and words in English,along with the pronunciation of meanings of their translations in four major Indian languages,all from oral cavity mapping.The experimental setup also caters to gender mapping of voice.The sound produced from the hardware has been validated by a perceptual test to verify the gender and word of the speech sample by listeners,with∼98%and∼95%accuracy,respectively.Such a model may be useful to interpret speech for those who are speech-disabled because of accidents,neuron disorder,spinal cord injury,or larynx disorder.
文摘BACKGROUND An impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children.In most cases,it is not accompanied by sequelae,but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury,they may result in inflammatory responses and delayed vascular injuries in the surrounding tissues.Without early diagnosis and appropriate initial management,residual foreign bodies can cause serious complications and even mortality in some cases.CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy suffered an intra-oral injury by a wooden chopstick,and the patient was discharged from the hospital after receiving conservative treatment for the injury.However,the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to intraoral bleeding,and since neck hematoma and right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation were detected on computed tomography,emergency surgery was performed.A remnant fragment of a wooden chopstick was found during the operation,and a delayed rupture of the internal carotid artery caused by the foreign body was also found.CONCLUSION The failure of early detection and diagnosis of a residual foreign body may result in delayed vascular rupture.
文摘Purpose: Candida albicans is regarded as a part of normal flora in the human oral cavity. However, it remains unclear whether the genus Candida, especially C. albicans, is an oral resident microorganism and causes marital infection or not. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the origin of oral C. albicans by investigating the colonization and infection route to oral cavities of this organism with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Methods: After C. albicans was isolated from four subjects (average age: 42.2, range: 33 - 56), the isolations of this organism from them were performed six months later again. To investigate whether C. albicans is an oral resident microorganism, the genotype homology of each C. albicans isolates that were isolated twice from the same subjects was compared. Moreover, C. albicans was isolated from five pairs of married couples (average period of cohabitation: 12.4 years, range: 5 - 31). To investigate whether C. albicans causes marital infection, the genotype homology of C. albicans isolates that were isolated from each pair of married couples was compared. Results: AP-PCR patterns of C. albicans that were isolated from each subject at o month and after 6 months showed the identical genotypes among each individual. C. albicans isolates from five pairs of married couples showed the identical genotypes between a husband and wife of each pair on AP-PCR. Conclusion: These results indicated that C. albicans was an oral resident microorganism and caused the marital infection.
文摘A significant increase in dental diseases in adolescents who spend a long time at the computer, according to modern concepts, is mediated by the electromagnetic field of the computer, the impact of which has not been fully studied. The paper presents data from a comparative study of the dental status of the oral cavity and the state of periodontal tissues in adolescents aged 18 to 15 who spend more than 5 (target group of 55 adolescents) and less than 5 hours (control group of 20 adolescents) at the computer. The selection of the contingent was carried out randomly. According to the dental characteristics of the oral cavity, the number of dental plaque was assessed according to the simplified Turkish OHI-S hygiene index, in the modification Hi Fedorov-Volotkina, the severity of inflammatory and destructive changes in periodontal tissues according to the Pi index (Russell), and their prevalence according to the Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar index PMA in Parma modification. The conducted comparative study showed that in adolescents who worked 8 - 12 hours at the computer, periodontal changes occur much more often and are more pronounced than in adolescents who worked less than 5 hours. In addition, the neurohormonal parameters of the saliva of adolescents who are at the computer for less than 5 hours practically do not change, but in adults who work longer than 8 hours the saliva data in the mouth changes while.
文摘Objective: The study aims to compare the application value of midline catheter and indwelling needle in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period. Methods: 146 patients with oral cavity malignancies admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to July 2021 were selected as the research subjects. 73 patients treated with midline catheters during the treatment were the experimental group, and another 73 patients were treated with indwelling needles as the control group. The indwelling time, total number of puncturing times, and incidence of adverse reactions of two catheterization methods were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, each patient was investigated for treatment satisfaction. Result: The indwelling time was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.0001), and the total number of puncturing times in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.960, P = 0.0259) was significantly lower than that in the control group in terms of catheter occlusion (χ<sup>2</sup> = 12.56, P = 0.0004), catheter detachment (χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.46, P = 0.0036), drug extravasation (χ<sup>2</sup> = 3.27, P = 0.0011), phlebitis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 3.62, P = 0.0003), and bleeding from the puncture point (χ<sup>2</sup> = 14.98, P = 0.0001). The satisfaction rate (χ<sup>2</sup> = 33.45, P < 0.0001) and fundamental satisfaction rate (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.57, P < 0.0001) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the dissatisfaction rate was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ<sup>2</sup> = 11.38, P = 0.0007). The difference is statistically significant. Conclusion: Compared with indwelling needle, the application of midline catheters in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period can effectively reduce the number of puncturing times and the incidence of catheter-related adverse reactions, with a high satisfaction rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
文摘Over the past several years, the severity of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infections has not significantly diminished. After successful eradication, the annual H. pylori recurrence rate is approximately 13% due tooral H. pylori infection. Established clinical diagnostic techniques do not identify an oral etiologic basis of H. pylori prior to gastric infection. There has been disagreement as to whether oral infection of H. pylori exists or not, with no definite conclusion. In medical practice, negative results with the urea breath test suggest that the stomach infection of H. pylori is cured in these patients. In fact, patients can present negative urea breath test results and yet exhibit H. pylori infection due to oral infection. The present paper provides evidence that H. pylori oral infection is nonetheless present, and the oral cavity represents a secondary site for H. pylori colonization.
文摘Spindle-cell lipoma (SCL) is a variant of lipoma, usually presenting in the neck or trunk. SCL of the oral cavity is rare. Some cases of oral SCL have been reported;however, the clinico-pathologic characteristics of oral SCL are still unknown. Here we report on 2 cases and review 33 cases of oral SCL published in the literature. The patients were 23 men and 12 women, with a mean age of 55 years (range 23 - 88 years);there were no children. Tumor sites included: tongue (n = 13), cheek/buccal mucosa (n = 11), floor of mouth (n = 5), lip (n = 2), hard palate (n = 2), alveolar ridge (n = 1), and maxilla (n = 1). The mean tumor size was 20.87 mm (range 3 - 50 mm), smaller than extra-oral lesions. Thirty-three patients (94%) presented with a single lesion that was circumscribed and composed of mature adipocytes admixed with bland spindle cells. The spindle cells were strongly immunoreactive for CD34, whereas the adipocytes were negative. The main differential diagnosis is atypical lipoma/well-differentiated liposarcoma. All lesions underwent local excision and recurrences are rare. Oral SCL do not seem to differ from their extra-oral counterpart, which are much more common and larger in size. SCL should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral cavity mesenchymal tumors.
文摘The herpesviruses are ubiquitous, doubled-strandedDNA viruses that can reactivate under conditions such as immunosuppressive therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malnutrition, and immunosenescence. There are eight types of herpesviruses: Human herpesvirus simplex(HSV) type I(HSV-1) and HSV type II(HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus(VZV), epstein-Barr virus(EBV), cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus(HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus. Some of these viruses can infect the oral cavity, leading to different types of lesions. Specifically, labial herpes(HSV-1 and less frequently HSV-2), zoster(VZV), infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leukoplakia(EBV), and Kaposi's Sarcoma(HHV-8) are the most common viruses infecting the oral cavity. Some of these viruses can act in synergy with other herpesviruses or as distinct infectious agents. Other herpesviruses may have indirect effects in periodontal disease. The diagnosis is frequently based on signs and symptoms and depends on the experience of the examiner. Cytopathologic and/or histopathologic examination as well as immunological methods such as ELISA could help to elucidate cases. In addition, molecular techniques which can be sensitive and specific have been reported in the literature. These methods require low amounts of sample and could offer results faster than other traditional methods.
文摘Context: There have been significant changes in the epidemiology of head and neck cancers (HNC) in the last three decades worldwide. Documenting these trends helps to facilitate cancer prevention measures and aids resource allocation. Objective: To analyse incidence and mortality trends in Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) in the UK and compare regional differences between England and Scotland. Design: Retrospective quantitative analysis of time trends of HNC cases in the UK recorded in the International Agency for Research into Cancer (IARC) CI5 database and WHO mortality database. Setting: Cancer databases with extraction of UK HNC incidence and mortality time trends. Patients: All patients with cancers of the larynx, thyroid, oral cavity and pharynx in the UK (1975-2002) recorded in the IARC and WHO databases. Main Outcome Measures: HNC incidence and mortality trends in the UK. Results: There has been an increase in incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the UK especially among males with higher rates in Scotland. However mortality has increased in Scotland and reduced in England. Thyroid cancer incidence has increased in the UK especially among females with higher rates in Scotland. Mortality has reduced in both regions. Laryngeal cancer among males has increased in incidence particularly in Scotland with a decline in incidence in England. Mortality has reduced significantly in England among males but increased in Scotland. Conclusions: In the UK, Scotland has higher incidence rates of HNC compared with England. Mortality has reduced in England from all the HNC sub-sites but has increased in Scotland for laryngeal, oral & pharynxgeal cancers. Although socioeconomic deprivation and its relation to higher alcohol and tobacco consumption have been highlighted as drivers, further studies are required.
文摘Oral health is the pathway to one’s general health and wellness. Mouthwash is a product used as an adjunct to oral hygiene practices as an antiseptic and antiplaque and antimicrobial agent. The awareness of using mouthwash solution is so limited worldwide. And maybe there’s effect of mouthwash on commensal flora. The aim of this study is to measure the effect of using Mouthwash solution on commensal flora of the oral cavity. In this study, we determined three groups, the first group is considered as a basic group where Female students are not using any mouthwash, the second group used mouthwash twice daily for two weeks, group number three used mouthwash twice weekly. We take cytological sample scraping from oral cavity. All the cytological sections of all groups stained with Papanicolaou stain and examined the slides under the microscope. The study came out with the following results: The basic group that did not use any mouthwash remained unchanged, while the second group, who used mouthwash twice daily, showed a clear epithelial tissue for any bacteria and a clear background. Group number three, who used mouthwash twice a week, showed countable bacteria in epithelial tissue with a clear background. Finally, the study concluded: Cosmetic mouthwash solution has a bad effect on commensal flora if you over used it and leads to killing all your normal flora in oral cavity as much as therapeutic mouthwash will do.
基金Supported by Hamburger Stiftung zur Forderung der KrebsbekampfungNo.188 to Grobe A and Riethdorf SERC Advanced Investigator Grant "DISSECT"(Pantel K),No.269081.
文摘Due to a lack of substantial improvement in the outcome of patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) during the past decades, current staging methods need to be revised. This disease is associated with poor survival rates despite considerable advances in diagnosis and treatment. The early detection of metastases is an important indicator of survival, prognosis and relapse. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying metastasis is crucial. Exploring alternative measures apart from common procedures is needed to identify new prognostic markers. Similar to previous findings predominantly for other solid tumours, recently published studies demonstrate that circulating tumour cells(CTCs) and disseminated tumour cells(DTCs) might serve as prognostic markers and could supplement routine staging in OSCC. Thus, the detection of CTCs/DTCs is a promising tool todetermine the individual need for therapeutic intervention. Encouraging results and new approaches point to the future use of targeted therapies for OSCC, an exceedingly heterogeneous subgroup of head and neck cancer. This review focuses on summarising technologies currently used to detect CTCs/DTCs. The translational relevance for OSCC is highlighted. The inherent challenges in detecting CTCs/DTCs will be emphasised.
文摘Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an important mediator of apoptosis and the proliferation of cancer cells. It is upregulated in cells showing increasing radioresistance. Here we present the correlation between SphK1 expression and survival outcomes in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity. A retrospective chart review was performed between January 2009 and August 2010 at the University of Southern California. Patients diagnosed with an advanced-stage primary tumor restricted to the oral cavity and a minimum follow-up of two years were included. Patients who did not receive post-operative radiation therapy were excluded. Eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria with 10 (55.6%) patients demonstrating high expression of SphK1 and 8 (44.4%) patients demonstrating a low-to-moderate expression of SphK1. Tumor recurrence occurred in 9 patients (50.0%): 5 patients (27.8%) in the SphK1high cohort at a mean time to progression of 2.5 mo and 4 patients (22.2%) in the SphK1low cohort at a mean time to progression of 11.0 mo (p = 0.023). Death occurred in 8 patients (66.7%) in the SphK1high cohort and 3 patients (16.7%) in the SphK1low cohort (p = 0.036). Higher expression of SphK1 correlates with greater radioresistance and poorer survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC of the oral cavity.
基金supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of HealthNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, USA+1 种基金supported by grant 2012DFA31370 from the International S&T Cooperation Program of Chinathe National Nature Science Foundation of China (81321002)
文摘The mucosal immune system defends against a vast array of pathogens, yet it exhibits limited responses to commensal microorganisms under healthy conditions. The oral-pharyngeal cavity, the gateway for both the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is composed of complex anatomical structures and is constantly challenged by antigens from air and food. The mucosal immune system of the oral-pharyngeal cavity must prevent pathogen entry while maintaining immune homeostasis, which is achieved via a range of mechanisms that are similar or different to those utilized by the gastrointestinal immune system. In this review, we summarize the features of the mucosal immune system,focusing on T cell subsets and their functions. We also discuss our current understanding of the oral-pharyngeal mucosal immune system.
文摘Mucosal malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare condition. It has a poor prognosis. Here we report two typical cases of malignant melanoma. In the first case, 64 years old man developed an exophytic tumor in the hard palate. Head and neck and chest computerized tomography scan showed a large aggressive tumor of the hard palate. The patient also had multiple lung metastases and a cervical lymph node. The second case is a 73 years old woman presenting a burgeoning mass on the right palate. Facial CT reveals a malignant tumor lateralized in the right palate with ipsilateral metastatic lymph nodes. Histological with immunohistochemical studies assigned both cases to a malignant melanoma. Due to the rarity of oral malignant melanomas, case reports are a necessary source of information.
文摘Objective: To observe the accuracy of femoral preparation and the position of the cementless prosthesis in femoral cavity, and to compare the results between the computer-assisted surgical group (CASPAR) and the conventional group. Methods: Ten femoral components were implanted either manually or by CASPAR in cadaver femurs. The specimens were cut to 3mm thick slices. Microradiograms of every slice were sent to a computer for analysis with special software (IDL). The gaps and the medullary cavities between component and bone, the direct bone contact area of the implant surface, the gap width and the percentage of gap and bone contact area were measured in every slice. Results: In the proximal implant coated with HA of the CASPAR group, the average percentage of bone contact reached 93.2% (ranging from 87.6% to 99.7%); the average gap percentage was 2.9% (ranging from 0.3% to 7.8%); the maximum gap width was 0.81mm and the average gap width was only 0.20mm. While in the conventional group, the average percentage of bone contact reached 60.1% (ranging from 49.2% to 70.4%); the average gap percentage was 32.8% (ranging from 25.1% to 39.9%); the maximum gap width was 2.97mm and the average gap width was 0.77mm. The average gap around the implant in the CASPAR group was only 9% of that in the manual group; the maximum and average gap widths were only about 26% of those in the manual group. On the other hand, the CASPAR group showed 33% higher bone contact than the manual group. Conclusion: With the use of robotics-assisted system, significant progress can be achieved for femoral preparation in total hip arthroplasty.
文摘Oropharyngeal tumor is the eight most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Among the causes of oropharyngeal carcinoma significant are cigarette smoking, abuse of alcohol, multi-partners, high risk HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and etc. Cytological material (oral Pap smear) was taken from oral fundus and cheek mucous by the cytobrush. 47 participants with cervix pathology and 42 participants of the control group were investigated. Oral smears were stained by the Papanicolaou method and were diagnosed by a double blind method. After the cytological examination, we carried out detecting low and high risk HPV by chromogenic in-situ hy-bridization (CISH method) to use a positive and negative control. The quantitative statistical analysis was performed by SPSS V.19.0. Numeral data were processed using Pearson correlation and X2 tests. Confidence interval of 95% was regarded statistically significant. Study group’s oral pap smear with atypical cytology was detected in 61.7%. Atypical cytological changes in the control group were confirmed in 38.0%. High risk HPV detection by the CISH, in study group, showed positivity in 46.8% and in the control group—in 4.8%. Participants with cervix pathology will be considered as a risk-group to develop oropharyngeal tumor. Screening program for oropharyngeal cancer combines Pap smear and high risk HPV test together. For the control group, it is recommended to use oral pap smear and in the case of atypical changes using high risk HPV test too.
文摘Usually the oral manifestations of NHL are secondary to a more widespread involvement throughout the body, however, it can rarely present as a primary lesion in the oral cavity, having 0.1% - 0.2% prevalence. In this paper we report a case of highly proliferative oral non-Hodgkin lymphoma which presented with very mild symptoms, but had a sudden and significant progression in less than two weeks with involvement of all four quadrants of the oral cavity.
