Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae...Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae)from China are described and illustrated.Gastrochilus yei is similar to G.affinis and G.nepalensis,but differs from them by having an epichile not lobed,the apex of the hypochile not bilobed,and a tine on the apex of the leaf.Gastrochilus minimus is similar to G.acinacifolius,but can be distinguished from the latter by having a flabellate epichile that is densely hirsute on the adaxial surface and an inconspicuous central cushion;in addition,the hypochile of G.minimus has a keel that extends to the apex of the epichile.Taeniophyllum xizangense is similar to T.stella and T.radiatum,but it is distinguished from them by having much bigger flowers,inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs,papillae on the external surface of sepals,and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium.Luisia simaoensis is similar to L magniflora and L ramosii,but can be easily distinguished from them by having lateral sepals longer than dorsal sepals and petals,lip with irregular and waved margins,and lip with bilobed apex.Luisia inconspicua is moved from Gastrochilus to Luisia based on phylogenetic analyses of plastid matK sequence data.Tuberolabium subulatum is similar to T.camosum,but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by having an inflorescence much shorter than the leaves,yellow sepals and petals,and many small papillae outside the lip lobes.展开更多
Four new species of Orchidaceae from China,Heminium lijiangense,Peristylus fasciculatus,Platanthera milinensis,and Ponerorchis gongshanensis,together with a new country record,Peristylus tenuicallus,are described and ...Four new species of Orchidaceae from China,Heminium lijiangense,Peristylus fasciculatus,Platanthera milinensis,and Ponerorchis gongshanensis,together with a new country record,Peristylus tenuicallus,are described and illustrated based on morphological and/or phylogenetic analyses.Heminium lijiangense is closely related to H.elisabethae but differs from it by having the dorsal sepal ovate-orbicular and lip midlobe distinctly shorter than lateral lobes.P.fasciculatus is close to Peristylus tradescantifolius but is distinguished from it by having several fascicled and straight,root-like tubers(vs.one or two oblongoid tubers),old stems usually persistent,middle lobe of lip narrowly ligulate-lanceolate and half as long as the lateral lobes(vs.middle lobe deltoid,about a third as long as the lateral lobes or less),a raised callus at the base of each lateral lobe(vs.callus absent),spur gradually attenuate toward the apex(vs.spur clavate).Platanthera milinensis is similar to P.stenochila by sharing small green flowers and lip without a spur,but differs in having a creeping rhizome,a corymbose inflorescence,and a broadly ovate and slightly 3-lobed lip.Ponerochis gongshanensis is similar to P.faberi in its small flowers,but differs in having a linear leaf c.3 mm wide(vs.leaf 5-13 mm wide),in the lip having collar-like raised margins on the sides of the spur entrance,and a mid-lobe which is notched at the apex but not divided into two divergent lobules that are nearly as large as the lateral lobes,as in P.faberi.All the proposed species obtained high support in phylogenetic analysis as new species.The recently described genus Apetalanthe is reduced to synonymy of Ponerorchis and a new combination is made.展开更多
A new species,Neottia wuyishanensis(Neottieae,Orchidaceae),is described and illustrated from Wuyishan,Fujian,eastern China,based on morphological characters and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetics indicate that N.w...A new species,Neottia wuyishanensis(Neottieae,Orchidaceae),is described and illustrated from Wuyishan,Fujian,eastern China,based on morphological characters and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetics indicate that N.wuyishanensis is nested within the clade formed by Neottia fugongensis and Neottia nujiangensis.Morphologically,N.wuyishanensis is similar to N.fugongensis and N.pseudonipponica,but differs from them by having indistinct auricles at the base,and in the shape and size of lobelets.展开更多
Liparis aureolabella and L mengziensis,two new species from the karst region of southwestern China,and L bingzhongluoensis,a new species from montane region in Yunnan,are described and illustrated.L aureolabella is ea...Liparis aureolabella and L mengziensis,two new species from the karst region of southwestern China,and L bingzhongluoensis,a new species from montane region in Yunnan,are described and illustrated.L aureolabella is easily distinguished from its relatives by having abaxially purple leave with purple reticulate veins prominent adaxially,a lip auriculate at base,and falcate-lanceolate pollinia.Liparis mengziensis is closely related to L.petiolata and L.auriculata,but differs from them by having an ovate to broadly ovate leaf,purple lip and apex connate along the margins.Liparis bingzhongluoensis is similar to Liparis nanlingensis,but the new species is characterized by having a lip with two transparent ridges on its disc,longitudinally concave basal callus and triangular column wings.Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK sequences showed that L aureolabella and L mengziensis are nested with L petiolata or L auriculata in a monophyletic clade.L bingzhongluoensis is sister to a clade formed by L.nanlingensis,L.tsii,L sasakii and L.krameri.Moreover,morphological comparisons strongly support that the three species as separated species newly to science.展开更多
Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in Orchidaceae with a pan tropical distribution.Due to highly significant diversifications,it is considered to be one of the most taxonomically and phylogenetically complex taxa.The d...Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in Orchidaceae with a pan tropical distribution.Due to highly significant diversifications,it is considered to be one of the most taxonomically and phylogenetically complex taxa.The diversification pattern and evolutionary adaptation of chloroplast genomes are poorly understood in this species-rich genus,and suitable molecular markers are necessary for species determination and phylogenetic analysis.A natural Asian section Macrocaulia was selected to estimate the interspecific divergence of chloroplast genomes in this study.Here,we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of four Bulbophyllum species,including three species from section Macrocaulia.The four chloroplast genomes had a typical quadripartite structure with a genome size ranged from 156,182 to 158,524 bp.The chloroplast genomes included 113 unique genes encoding 79 proteins,30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs.Comparison of the four chloroplast genomes showed that the three species from section Macrocaulia had similar structure and gene contents,and shared a number of indels,which mainly contribute to its monophyly.In addition,interspecific divergence level was also great.Several exclusive indels and polymorphism SSR loci might be used for taxonomical identification and determining interspecific polymorphisms.A total of 20 intergenic regions and three coding genes of the most variable hotspot regions were proposed as candidate effective molecular markers for future phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomical levels and species divergence in Bulbophyllum.All of chloroplast genes in four Bulbophyllum species were under purifying selection,while 13 sites within six genes exhibited sitespecific selection.A whole chloroplast genome phylogenetic analysis based on Maximum Likelihood,Bayesian and Parsimony methods all supported the monophyly of section Macrocaulia and the genus of Bulbophyllum.Our findings provide valuable molecular markers to use in accurately identifying species,clarifying taxonomy,and resolving the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Bulbophyllum.The molecular markers developed in this study will also contribute to further research of conservation of Bulbophyllum species.展开更多
Gastrodia longistyla,a new species of Orchidaceae from Yunnan Province,China,is described and illustrated.It is morphologically similar to Gastrodia peichatieniana,but can be easily distinguished from the latter by ha...Gastrodia longistyla,a new species of Orchidaceae from Yunnan Province,China,is described and illustrated.It is morphologically similar to Gastrodia peichatieniana,but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a rhombic epichile,long column(6.0-7.5 mm long),and a needle-shaped appendage(1.8-3.2 mm in length)at the base of the stigma.Identification key and colour photographs are provided.A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment,according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria,is given for the new species.The plastome of G.longistyla is 30464 bp in length with GC content approximately24.8%,and the plastome does not contain some housekeeping genes,such as matK,rpl16,or all photosynthesis genes.In addition,the G.longistyla plastome lacks an IR region.This indicates that the plastome is in the last stage of degradation.展开更多
This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been...This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been obtained detailed data concerning bacterial communities from rhizosphere and inner tissues of young and old tubers. It was done using the biomarker analysis method where the markers were detected by gas chromatography—mass-spectrometry. It is shown that the number of bacterial genera and the bacteria amount (105 - 108 CFU per gram of dry weight) in D. maculata microbial complexes decreases from rhizosphere to old tuber to young. At the same time all three bacterial cenoses closely resemble each other in biodiversity. Their constant members are gg. Hyphomicrobium, Methylococcus, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas (Proteobacteria), Bacillus and Clostridium (Firmicutes), Rhodococcus and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria). There were found differences peculiar to the taxonomic structure of each microbial complex. The rhizosphere is dominated by Actinobacteria while in inner tissues Proteobacteria are prevalent. The bacteria of gg. Ochrobactrum, Xanthomonas, Butyrivibrio, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingobacterium and specific iron reducers were shown to belong to rhizosphere community. Genera of Agrobacterium and Bifidobacterium were found only in the endophytic microbiota of the young tuber while g. Aeromonas展开更多
This paper reported a new record of Orchidaceae from Guangxi,Galeola nudifolia Lour.This species was previously known from Hainan Province and Yunnan Province of China,India,Myanmar,Vietnam,Thailand,Malaysia,Indonesia...This paper reported a new record of Orchidaceae from Guangxi,Galeola nudifolia Lour.This species was previously known from Hainan Province and Yunnan Province of China,India,Myanmar,Vietnam,Thailand,Malaysia,Indonesia and the Philippines.The new Orchidaceae record has broken the record of only one species of the genus Galeola Lour.in Guangxi,and it filled the gap in the northern part of the original distribution area,and proved that the species in general is in a continuous distribution state.The new Orchidaceae record in Guangxi is of great significance to the study of the distribution pattern and geographical origin of the species.展开更多
Cymbidium sp. has several ornamental, medicinal and cosmetic uses. Essential oils were obtained through extraction by hydrodistillation of flower and pedicellate ovary. The chromatographic profile was obtained by thin...Cymbidium sp. has several ornamental, medicinal and cosmetic uses. Essential oils were obtained through extraction by hydrodistillation of flower and pedicellate ovary. The chromatographic profile was obtained by thin layer chromatography (TLC), combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), for the identification and relative quantification of various substances in three samples from the orchid (flower, pedicellate ovary and aqueous residue). With TLC, five compounds were identified in the flower, with the most abundant being terpineol, linalool and zingiberene, and five in the pedicellate ovary, with borneol, cineole, and β-bisabolene being in the greatest concentration, while for the aqueous residue, the most abundant was geraniol. Using GC/MS, 25 volatile components associated with the flower were identified, of which the most abundant were linalool (22.92%), 4-methyl-phenol (15.07%) and p-Menth-1-en-8-ol (12.32%). In pedicellate ovaries, 13 components were identified, with the most abundant being 4-methyl-phenol (31.24%), bicycle [4.4.0] dec-1-ene, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-(17.74%) and 2-hexanone (10.24%), while in the aqueous residue 18 components were found, with the most abundant being 4-methyl-phenol (18.71%) and 2- cyclohexen-1-ol (14.60%).展开更多
Gastrochilus wolongensis(Orchidaceae),a new orchid species from Sichuan Province,Southwest China,is described and illustrated.It morphologically resembles G.sinensis,but differs markedly from the latter in having blac...Gastrochilus wolongensis(Orchidaceae),a new orchid species from Sichuan Province,Southwest China,is described and illustrated.It morphologically resembles G.sinensis,but differs markedly from the latter in having black-purple stripes(vs.purplish-red spots)on the adaxial side of the petals and sepals,a reniform epichile densely covered with long papillate hairs(vs.sparsely pubescent)with purplish-red spots(vs.unspotted),and outside the sac of the hypochile with purplish-red stripes(vs.purplish-red spotted).The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer(nrITS)and four chloroplast DNA fragments(matK,psbA-trnH,psbM-trnD,and trnL-F)of 36 Gastrochilus species showed that G.wolongensis was closely related to G.ciliaris and G.formosanus.展开更多
The plants of Orchidaceae are widely distributed in the world,47 species of which have been used as folk medicines with a long history.The tubers and stems of them exhibit diverse efficacy,including clearing heat and ...The plants of Orchidaceae are widely distributed in the world,47 species of which have been used as folk medicines with a long history.The tubers and stems of them exhibit diverse efficacy,including clearing heat and resolving toxin,moistening lung and relieving cough and promoting blood circulation.Since dihydrophenanthrenes were responsible for the medical purposes,the characteristic skeletons,pharmacological effects and clinical applications of dihydrophenanthrenes were summarized in this review,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive study,development and application of DPs from medicinal plants of Orchidaceae.展开更多
The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were...The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were studied:16 species of Poaceae,24 species of Cyperaceae,14 species of Orchidaceae,and 7 species of Iridaceae.Using a fixed material of 5 individuals of each species,the following was determined:number of orders of branching roots;transverse dimensions of root,stele and cortex;number of primary xylem vessels and exodermis layers;length of root hairs;abundance of mycorrhiza.Species of each family had well-defined syndromes.Roots of Orchidaceae and Iridaceae were thick with a large stele and developed exodermis.Orchidaceae had no branching roots and had long root hairs.In Iridaceae,roots were branched,and root hairs were short.Roots of Poaceae and Cyperaceae were thin with a relatively thin stele.Root hairs were short in Poaceae and long in Cyperaceae.Our finding that root syndromes of four families of monocots differed is a new and unexpected discovery.The high specificity of root syndromes in Cyperaceae,Iridaceae,Poaceae,and Orchidaceae indicates that species of these families use different strategies to obtain water and soil nutrients.展开更多
The Orchidaceae,which is one of the most interesting families of angiosperms,contains a large number of rare species.Despite their acknowledged importance,little attention has been paid to the study of orchids distrib...The Orchidaceae,which is one of the most interesting families of angiosperms,contains a large number of rare species.Despite their acknowledged importance,little attention has been paid to the study of orchids distributed in northern territories.In this study,we determined the syntaxonomical diversity and ecological parameters of orchid habitats in two of Europe's largest protected areas,the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve and the Yugyd Va National Park(northeastern European Russia),and then compared our findings to those in other parts of orchid distribution ranges.For this purpose,we studied 345 descriptions of plant communities(releves) containing species from Orchidaceae and defined habitat parameters using Ellenberg indicator values with the community weight mean approach,nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMS),and relative niche width.We found that orchids were distributed in eight habitat types and 97 plant associations.The largest number of orchid species is found in forest communities.Half of the orchid species under study occur in the mires and rock habitats with open vegetation.Several orchids consistently occur in areas disturbed by human activity.In addition,our study indicates that the main drivers of orchid distribution across the vegetation types are light and soil nitrogen.Our analysis of the ecological parameters of orchid habitats indicates that some orchid species can be classified as habitat specialists that are confined to a relatively narrow ecological niche in the Urals(e.g.,Goodyera repens,Cypripedium guttatum and Dactylorhiza maculata).Several other species(e.g.Neottia cordata and Dactylorhiza fuchsia) grow under diverse ecological parameters.展开更多
than 80 Dendrobium species have been reported in China.However,there are only six Dendrobium species,namely,D.bigibbum var.superbum(syn.D.phalaenopsis),D.chrysanthum,D.fimbriatum,D.loddigesii,D.nobile,and D.officinale...than 80 Dendrobium species have been reported in China.However,there are only six Dendrobium species,namely,D.bigibbum var.superbum(syn.D.phalaenopsis),D.chrysanthum,D.fimbriatum,D.loddigesii,D.nobile,and D.officinale(syn.D.candidum),listed in the New Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients in China Launched.Artificial planting of Dendrobium species has been a great success in China.To better utilize Dendrobium resources for medicinal and cosmetic purposes,we summarize their traditional uses and pharmacologically active compounds for treating dermatological disorders in this review.“Orchidaceae”,“Dendrobium”,“traditional use”,“ethnobotany”,“dermatological disorder”,and“skin disease”were used as search terms to screen the literature.Cited references were collected between 1970 and 2020 from the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI),SciFinder,Google Scholar,and Chinese books.From the search,it was found that there are 22 Dendrobium species with traditional uses in dermatological disorders,and 131 compounds from Dendrobium plants have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiaging,anti-psoriasis,and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities,implying that Dendrobium plants are important resources for the discovery of active compounds and the development of new drugs and cosmetics.D.crepidatum,D.denneanum,D.loddigesii,D.nobile,and D.officinale have been extensively studied.More research on other Dendrobium species is needed.The major active compounds found in Dendrobium species are phenanthrenes,alkaloids,flavonoids,phenylpropanoids,and lignans.Several compounds,such as loddigesiinol A,(S)-5-methoxy-2,4,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene,(S)-4-methoxy-2,5,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene,2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenanthrene 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside,(9R)-1,2,5,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside,(+)-homocrepidine A,and vicenin 2,have significant anti-inflammatory activities and inhibit nitric oxide(NO)production with IC_(50) values less than 5μM,and these compounds are worthy of further study.展开更多
Three new monophenanthrene compounds were isolated from an acetone extract of the tubers of Monomeria barbata Lindl. (Orchidaceae).Using spectroscopic methods,the structures of compounds 1-3 were determined as 1,4,7-t...Three new monophenanthrene compounds were isolated from an acetone extract of the tubers of Monomeria barbata Lindl. (Orchidaceae).Using spectroscopic methods,the structures of compounds 1-3 were determined as 1,4,7-trihydroxy-2-methoxy- 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(1),1-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-methoxy-4,7-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(2),1,3,8-tri(p-hydroxybenzyl) -4-methoxy-phenanthrene-4,7-diol(3).These compounds showed cytotoxicities on four tumor cell lines(HepG2, HL-60,Skov-3,A431).展开更多
From an aqueous extract of“tian ma”(the steamed and dried rhizomes of Gastrodia elata),ten new compounds gastrodiben-zins A−D(1−4)and gastrotribenzins A−F(5−10),along with known analogues(11−20),having structure fea...From an aqueous extract of“tian ma”(the steamed and dried rhizomes of Gastrodia elata),ten new compounds gastrodiben-zins A−D(1−4)and gastrotribenzins A−F(5−10),along with known analogues(11−20),having structure features coupling between two and three p-hydroxybenzyl-derived units via carbon-and/or ether-bonds,were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data analysis.Meanwhile,the new compounds 5a,6a,8a,22,and 23,as well as the known derivatives 13a,14a,15,17−21,24,25,and p-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde were isolated and identified from a refluxed aqueous solution of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.Methylation of 5a and 6a in methanol and ethylation of 6a,8a,13a,and 14a in ethanol produced 5 and 6 and 7,8,13,and 14,respectively.using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ioniza-tion mass spectrometry(UPLC-HRESIMS)analysis of the refluxed solutions of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the refluxed extracts of the fresh G.elata rhizome and“tian ma”extracts indicated consistent production and variation of the dimeric and trimeric derivatives of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol upon extracting solvents and refluxing time.In various assays,the dimeric and trimeric derivatives showed more potent activities than p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol itself and gastrodin,which are the main known active constituents of“tian ma”.These results revealed for the first time that the more effective dimers and trimers can be produced through condensation of the co-occurring p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol during processing and decocting of the G.elata rhizomes,demonstrating insights into medicinal chemistry behind application protocols of traditional Chinese medicines.展开更多
15 compounds,including two new ones crepidatuols A(1)and B(2)were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium crepidatum.The planar structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods(NMR,MS,UV,and IR)and...15 compounds,including two new ones crepidatuols A(1)and B(2)were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium crepidatum.The planar structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods(NMR,MS,UV,and IR)and comparison with those from literatures.10 compounds were send for enhancing activities on nerve growth factor(NGF)medicated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and the results indicated that crepidatuol A(1),confusarin and 3-(2-acetoxy-5-methoxy)-phenylpropanol showed enhancing activities at the concentration of 10.0μM.展开更多
基金supported by Grant from National Forestry and Grassland Administration(No.2019073018,2019073019,2019073002,2019073003)Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China"Survey and Germplasm Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in South-west China"(Grant No.2017FY100100)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870195)Strategic Biological Resources Capacity Building Project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences"Seed Plants Research in Xishuangbanna Karst Region"(Grant No.KFJ-BRP-017-36)the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017-LSFGBOWS-02)the National Wild Plant Germplasm Resource Center,National Science&Technology Infrastructure。
文摘Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae)from China are described and illustrated.Gastrochilus yei is similar to G.affinis and G.nepalensis,but differs from them by having an epichile not lobed,the apex of the hypochile not bilobed,and a tine on the apex of the leaf.Gastrochilus minimus is similar to G.acinacifolius,but can be distinguished from the latter by having a flabellate epichile that is densely hirsute on the adaxial surface and an inconspicuous central cushion;in addition,the hypochile of G.minimus has a keel that extends to the apex of the epichile.Taeniophyllum xizangense is similar to T.stella and T.radiatum,but it is distinguished from them by having much bigger flowers,inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs,papillae on the external surface of sepals,and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium.Luisia simaoensis is similar to L magniflora and L ramosii,but can be easily distinguished from them by having lateral sepals longer than dorsal sepals and petals,lip with irregular and waved margins,and lip with bilobed apex.Luisia inconspicua is moved from Gastrochilus to Luisia based on phylogenetic analyses of plastid matK sequence data.Tuberolabium subulatum is similar to T.camosum,but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by having an inflorescence much shorter than the leaves,yellow sepals and petals,and many small papillae outside the lip lobes.
基金Project of Orchid Biodiversity Survey of ChinaNational Forestry and Grassland Administration+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670194)the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of theChinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017-LSFGBOWS-02)the National Wild Plant Germplasm Resource Center。
文摘Four new species of Orchidaceae from China,Heminium lijiangense,Peristylus fasciculatus,Platanthera milinensis,and Ponerorchis gongshanensis,together with a new country record,Peristylus tenuicallus,are described and illustrated based on morphological and/or phylogenetic analyses.Heminium lijiangense is closely related to H.elisabethae but differs from it by having the dorsal sepal ovate-orbicular and lip midlobe distinctly shorter than lateral lobes.P.fasciculatus is close to Peristylus tradescantifolius but is distinguished from it by having several fascicled and straight,root-like tubers(vs.one or two oblongoid tubers),old stems usually persistent,middle lobe of lip narrowly ligulate-lanceolate and half as long as the lateral lobes(vs.middle lobe deltoid,about a third as long as the lateral lobes or less),a raised callus at the base of each lateral lobe(vs.callus absent),spur gradually attenuate toward the apex(vs.spur clavate).Platanthera milinensis is similar to P.stenochila by sharing small green flowers and lip without a spur,but differs in having a creeping rhizome,a corymbose inflorescence,and a broadly ovate and slightly 3-lobed lip.Ponerochis gongshanensis is similar to P.faberi in its small flowers,but differs in having a linear leaf c.3 mm wide(vs.leaf 5-13 mm wide),in the lip having collar-like raised margins on the sides of the spur entrance,and a mid-lobe which is notched at the apex but not divided into two divergent lobules that are nearly as large as the lateral lobes,as in P.faberi.All the proposed species obtained high support in phylogenetic analysis as new species.The recently described genus Apetalanthe is reduced to synonymy of Ponerorchis and a new combination is made.
基金financially supported by Project of Orchid Biodiversity Survey of ChinaNational Forestry and Grassland Administration(Grant No.2020-07)+1 种基金the Sub-projectⅥof National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program)(Grant No.2015FY110200)the National Special Fund for Chinese Medicine Resources Research in the Public Interest of China(Grant No.2019-39)。
文摘A new species,Neottia wuyishanensis(Neottieae,Orchidaceae),is described and illustrated from Wuyishan,Fujian,eastern China,based on morphological characters and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetics indicate that N.wuyishanensis is nested within the clade formed by Neottia fugongensis and Neottia nujiangensis.Morphologically,N.wuyishanensis is similar to N.fugongensis and N.pseudonipponica,but differs from them by having indistinct auricles at the base,and in the shape and size of lobelets.
基金financially supported by National Forestry and Grassland Administration(2019073019,2019073003,2019073002)National Science&Technology Infrastructure,the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017LSFGBOWS-02)+4 种基金Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China"Survey and Germplasm Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in South-west China"(2017FY100100)grants from Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y4ZK111B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31670194,31870195)the Special Investigation on Vulnerable Habitat Plants in Daweishan Area,Yunnan,China(2018-2021)the CAS 135 Program(2017XTBG-T03)。
文摘Liparis aureolabella and L mengziensis,two new species from the karst region of southwestern China,and L bingzhongluoensis,a new species from montane region in Yunnan,are described and illustrated.L aureolabella is easily distinguished from its relatives by having abaxially purple leave with purple reticulate veins prominent adaxially,a lip auriculate at base,and falcate-lanceolate pollinia.Liparis mengziensis is closely related to L.petiolata and L.auriculata,but differs from them by having an ovate to broadly ovate leaf,purple lip and apex connate along the margins.Liparis bingzhongluoensis is similar to Liparis nanlingensis,but the new species is characterized by having a lip with two transparent ridges on its disc,longitudinally concave basal callus and triangular column wings.Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK sequences showed that L aureolabella and L mengziensis are nested with L petiolata or L auriculata in a monophyletic clade.L bingzhongluoensis is sister to a clade formed by L.nanlingensis,L.tsii,L sasakii and L.krameri.Moreover,morphological comparisons strongly support that the three species as separated species newly to science.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870183,No.U1702235)Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y4ZK111B01)。
文摘Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in Orchidaceae with a pan tropical distribution.Due to highly significant diversifications,it is considered to be one of the most taxonomically and phylogenetically complex taxa.The diversification pattern and evolutionary adaptation of chloroplast genomes are poorly understood in this species-rich genus,and suitable molecular markers are necessary for species determination and phylogenetic analysis.A natural Asian section Macrocaulia was selected to estimate the interspecific divergence of chloroplast genomes in this study.Here,we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of four Bulbophyllum species,including three species from section Macrocaulia.The four chloroplast genomes had a typical quadripartite structure with a genome size ranged from 156,182 to 158,524 bp.The chloroplast genomes included 113 unique genes encoding 79 proteins,30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs.Comparison of the four chloroplast genomes showed that the three species from section Macrocaulia had similar structure and gene contents,and shared a number of indels,which mainly contribute to its monophyly.In addition,interspecific divergence level was also great.Several exclusive indels and polymorphism SSR loci might be used for taxonomical identification and determining interspecific polymorphisms.A total of 20 intergenic regions and three coding genes of the most variable hotspot regions were proposed as candidate effective molecular markers for future phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomical levels and species divergence in Bulbophyllum.All of chloroplast genes in four Bulbophyllum species were under purifying selection,while 13 sites within six genes exhibited sitespecific selection.A whole chloroplast genome phylogenetic analysis based on Maximum Likelihood,Bayesian and Parsimony methods all supported the monophyly of section Macrocaulia and the genus of Bulbophyllum.Our findings provide valuable molecular markers to use in accurately identifying species,clarifying taxonomy,and resolving the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Bulbophyllum.The molecular markers developed in this study will also contribute to further research of conservation of Bulbophyllum species.
基金financially supported by National Forestry and Grassland Administration,China(No.2019073018)Doctoral Program of Yunnan Forestry Technological College(KY(ZD)201905)to Q.Liu。
文摘Gastrodia longistyla,a new species of Orchidaceae from Yunnan Province,China,is described and illustrated.It is morphologically similar to Gastrodia peichatieniana,but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a rhombic epichile,long column(6.0-7.5 mm long),and a needle-shaped appendage(1.8-3.2 mm in length)at the base of the stigma.Identification key and colour photographs are provided.A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment,according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria,is given for the new species.The plastome of G.longistyla is 30464 bp in length with GC content approximately24.8%,and the plastome does not contain some housekeeping genes,such as matK,rpl16,or all photosynthesis genes.In addition,the G.longistyla plastome lacks an IR region.This indicates that the plastome is in the last stage of degradation.
文摘This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been obtained detailed data concerning bacterial communities from rhizosphere and inner tissues of young and old tubers. It was done using the biomarker analysis method where the markers were detected by gas chromatography—mass-spectrometry. It is shown that the number of bacterial genera and the bacteria amount (105 - 108 CFU per gram of dry weight) in D. maculata microbial complexes decreases from rhizosphere to old tuber to young. At the same time all three bacterial cenoses closely resemble each other in biodiversity. Their constant members are gg. Hyphomicrobium, Methylococcus, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas (Proteobacteria), Bacillus and Clostridium (Firmicutes), Rhodococcus and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria). There were found differences peculiar to the taxonomic structure of each microbial complex. The rhizosphere is dominated by Actinobacteria while in inner tissues Proteobacteria are prevalent. The bacteria of gg. Ochrobactrum, Xanthomonas, Butyrivibrio, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingobacterium and specific iron reducers were shown to belong to rhizosphere community. Genera of Agrobacterium and Bifidobacterium were found only in the endophytic microbiota of the young tuber while g. Aeromonas
基金Special Project for Innovation-driven Development of Guangxi(Gui Ke AA17204045-6)Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(Gui Ke AB16380061).
文摘This paper reported a new record of Orchidaceae from Guangxi,Galeola nudifolia Lour.This species was previously known from Hainan Province and Yunnan Province of China,India,Myanmar,Vietnam,Thailand,Malaysia,Indonesia and the Philippines.The new Orchidaceae record has broken the record of only one species of the genus Galeola Lour.in Guangxi,and it filled the gap in the northern part of the original distribution area,and proved that the species in general is in a continuous distribution state.The new Orchidaceae record in Guangxi is of great significance to the study of the distribution pattern and geographical origin of the species.
文摘Cymbidium sp. has several ornamental, medicinal and cosmetic uses. Essential oils were obtained through extraction by hydrodistillation of flower and pedicellate ovary. The chromatographic profile was obtained by thin layer chromatography (TLC), combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), for the identification and relative quantification of various substances in three samples from the orchid (flower, pedicellate ovary and aqueous residue). With TLC, five compounds were identified in the flower, with the most abundant being terpineol, linalool and zingiberene, and five in the pedicellate ovary, with borneol, cineole, and β-bisabolene being in the greatest concentration, while for the aqueous residue, the most abundant was geraniol. Using GC/MS, 25 volatile components associated with the flower were identified, of which the most abundant were linalool (22.92%), 4-methyl-phenol (15.07%) and p-Menth-1-en-8-ol (12.32%). In pedicellate ovaries, 13 components were identified, with the most abundant being 4-methyl-phenol (31.24%), bicycle [4.4.0] dec-1-ene, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-(17.74%) and 2-hexanone (10.24%), while in the aqueous residue 18 components were found, with the most abundant being 4-methyl-phenol (18.71%) and 2- cyclohexen-1-ol (14.60%).
基金Our work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFE0203200)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0502)2022 Central Finance Forestry Grassland Ecological Protection and Restoration National Park Subsidy Project,2022 Subsidy Projects of Prohibited Developmental Areas from the Transfer Payment of the National Key Ecological Functional Areas,and Wild Plants Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province.
文摘Gastrochilus wolongensis(Orchidaceae),a new orchid species from Sichuan Province,Southwest China,is described and illustrated.It morphologically resembles G.sinensis,but differs markedly from the latter in having black-purple stripes(vs.purplish-red spots)on the adaxial side of the petals and sepals,a reniform epichile densely covered with long papillate hairs(vs.sparsely pubescent)with purplish-red spots(vs.unspotted),and outside the sac of the hypochile with purplish-red stripes(vs.purplish-red spotted).The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer(nrITS)and four chloroplast DNA fragments(matK,psbA-trnH,psbM-trnD,and trnL-F)of 36 Gastrochilus species showed that G.wolongensis was closely related to G.ciliaris and G.formosanus.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872768,82003630,U1603125)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807118)+2 种基金Shenyang Young Scientific and Technological Innovators Programme(No.RC200408)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2020-BS-129)Special Fund of Research Institute of Drug Regulatory Science Research Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(No.2021jgkx010)。
文摘The plants of Orchidaceae are widely distributed in the world,47 species of which have been used as folk medicines with a long history.The tubers and stems of them exhibit diverse efficacy,including clearing heat and resolving toxin,moistening lung and relieving cough and promoting blood circulation.Since dihydrophenanthrenes were responsible for the medical purposes,the characteristic skeletons,pharmacological effects and clinical applications of dihydrophenanthrenes were summarized in this review,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive study,development and application of DPs from medicinal plants of Orchidaceae.
基金a part of the research project of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology,Ural Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences (№122021000092-9)
文摘The present article tests the following general assumption:plant taxa with different specializations towards mycorrhizal interactions should have different root syndromes.Roots of 61 species common in boreal zone were studied:16 species of Poaceae,24 species of Cyperaceae,14 species of Orchidaceae,and 7 species of Iridaceae.Using a fixed material of 5 individuals of each species,the following was determined:number of orders of branching roots;transverse dimensions of root,stele and cortex;number of primary xylem vessels and exodermis layers;length of root hairs;abundance of mycorrhiza.Species of each family had well-defined syndromes.Roots of Orchidaceae and Iridaceae were thick with a large stele and developed exodermis.Orchidaceae had no branching roots and had long root hairs.In Iridaceae,roots were branched,and root hairs were short.Roots of Poaceae and Cyperaceae were thin with a relatively thin stele.Root hairs were short in Poaceae and long in Cyperaceae.Our finding that root syndromes of four families of monocots differed is a new and unexpected discovery.The high specificity of root syndromes in Cyperaceae,Iridaceae,Poaceae,and Orchidaceae indicates that species of these families use different strategies to obtain water and soil nutrients.
基金supported by the state task of the Institute of Biology Komi SC RAS [No.122040600026-9]。
文摘The Orchidaceae,which is one of the most interesting families of angiosperms,contains a large number of rare species.Despite their acknowledged importance,little attention has been paid to the study of orchids distributed in northern territories.In this study,we determined the syntaxonomical diversity and ecological parameters of orchid habitats in two of Europe's largest protected areas,the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve and the Yugyd Va National Park(northeastern European Russia),and then compared our findings to those in other parts of orchid distribution ranges.For this purpose,we studied 345 descriptions of plant communities(releves) containing species from Orchidaceae and defined habitat parameters using Ellenberg indicator values with the community weight mean approach,nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMS),and relative niche width.We found that orchids were distributed in eight habitat types and 97 plant associations.The largest number of orchid species is found in forest communities.Half of the orchid species under study occur in the mires and rock habitats with open vegetation.Several orchids consistently occur in areas disturbed by human activity.In addition,our study indicates that the main drivers of orchid distribution across the vegetation types are light and soil nitrogen.Our analysis of the ecological parameters of orchid habitats indicates that some orchid species can be classified as habitat specialists that are confined to a relatively narrow ecological niche in the Urals(e.g.,Goodyera repens,Cypripedium guttatum and Dactylorhiza maculata).Several other species(e.g.Neottia cordata and Dactylorhiza fuchsia) grow under diverse ecological parameters.
基金supported by the National Program for Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Construction, Chinaby the Science & Technology Plan of Shenzhen, China (SY200704300157A)
文摘than 80 Dendrobium species have been reported in China.However,there are only six Dendrobium species,namely,D.bigibbum var.superbum(syn.D.phalaenopsis),D.chrysanthum,D.fimbriatum,D.loddigesii,D.nobile,and D.officinale(syn.D.candidum),listed in the New Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients in China Launched.Artificial planting of Dendrobium species has been a great success in China.To better utilize Dendrobium resources for medicinal and cosmetic purposes,we summarize their traditional uses and pharmacologically active compounds for treating dermatological disorders in this review.“Orchidaceae”,“Dendrobium”,“traditional use”,“ethnobotany”,“dermatological disorder”,and“skin disease”were used as search terms to screen the literature.Cited references were collected between 1970 and 2020 from the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI),SciFinder,Google Scholar,and Chinese books.From the search,it was found that there are 22 Dendrobium species with traditional uses in dermatological disorders,and 131 compounds from Dendrobium plants have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiaging,anti-psoriasis,and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities,implying that Dendrobium plants are important resources for the discovery of active compounds and the development of new drugs and cosmetics.D.crepidatum,D.denneanum,D.loddigesii,D.nobile,and D.officinale have been extensively studied.More research on other Dendrobium species is needed.The major active compounds found in Dendrobium species are phenanthrenes,alkaloids,flavonoids,phenylpropanoids,and lignans.Several compounds,such as loddigesiinol A,(S)-5-methoxy-2,4,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene,(S)-4-methoxy-2,5,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene,2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenanthrene 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside,(9R)-1,2,5,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside,(+)-homocrepidine A,and vicenin 2,have significant anti-inflammatory activities and inhibit nitric oxide(NO)production with IC_(50) values less than 5μM,and these compounds are worthy of further study.
基金supported by a program for New Century Excellent talents in University from MOE(No.NCET-08- 0925)a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.2007B021M)a grant from Yunnan University(No.2007Q003A)
文摘Three new monophenanthrene compounds were isolated from an acetone extract of the tubers of Monomeria barbata Lindl. (Orchidaceae).Using spectroscopic methods,the structures of compounds 1-3 were determined as 1,4,7-trihydroxy-2-methoxy- 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(1),1-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-methoxy-4,7-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(2),1,3,8-tri(p-hydroxybenzyl) -4-methoxy-phenanthrene-4,7-diol(3).These compounds showed cytotoxicities on four tumor cell lines(HepG2, HL-60,Skov-3,A431).
基金support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(NNSFCGrant Nos.81730093,81630094,and 81502942)+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science of China(2017-I2M-3-010 and 2016-I2M-1-004)the Drug Innovation Major Project(2018ZX09711001-001,China)is acknowledged is acknowledged.
文摘From an aqueous extract of“tian ma”(the steamed and dried rhizomes of Gastrodia elata),ten new compounds gastrodiben-zins A−D(1−4)and gastrotribenzins A−F(5−10),along with known analogues(11−20),having structure features coupling between two and three p-hydroxybenzyl-derived units via carbon-and/or ether-bonds,were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data analysis.Meanwhile,the new compounds 5a,6a,8a,22,and 23,as well as the known derivatives 13a,14a,15,17−21,24,25,and p-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde were isolated and identified from a refluxed aqueous solution of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.Methylation of 5a and 6a in methanol and ethylation of 6a,8a,13a,and 14a in ethanol produced 5 and 6 and 7,8,13,and 14,respectively.using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ioniza-tion mass spectrometry(UPLC-HRESIMS)analysis of the refluxed solutions of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the refluxed extracts of the fresh G.elata rhizome and“tian ma”extracts indicated consistent production and variation of the dimeric and trimeric derivatives of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol upon extracting solvents and refluxing time.In various assays,the dimeric and trimeric derivatives showed more potent activities than p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol itself and gastrodin,which are the main known active constituents of“tian ma”.These results revealed for the first time that the more effective dimers and trimers can be produced through condensation of the co-occurring p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol during processing and decocting of the G.elata rhizomes,demonstrating insights into medicinal chemistry behind application protocols of traditional Chinese medicines.
基金National Natural and Science Foundations of China(No.30800090)"Xi-Bu-Zhi-Guang"project(2009-2012)from Chinese Academy of Science and the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(P2010-ZZ012).
文摘15 compounds,including two new ones crepidatuols A(1)and B(2)were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium crepidatum.The planar structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods(NMR,MS,UV,and IR)and comparison with those from literatures.10 compounds were send for enhancing activities on nerve growth factor(NGF)medicated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and the results indicated that crepidatuol A(1),confusarin and 3-(2-acetoxy-5-methoxy)-phenylpropanol showed enhancing activities at the concentration of 10.0μM.
