A simple overview of daily orthodontic practice involves use of brackets, wires and elastomeric modules. However, investigating the underlying effect of orthodontic forces shows various molecular and cellular changes....A simple overview of daily orthodontic practice involves use of brackets, wires and elastomeric modules. However, investigating the underlying effect of orthodontic forces shows various molecular and cellular changes. Also, orthodontics is in close relation with dentofacial orthopedics which involves bone regeneration. In this review current and future applications of stem cells(SCs) in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics have been discussed. For craniofacial anomalies, SCs have been applied to regenerate hard tissue(such as treatment of alveolar cleft) and soft tissue(such as treatment of hemifacial macrosomia). Several attempts have been done to reconstruct impaired temporomandibular joint. Also, SCs with or without bone scaffolds and growth factors have been used to regenerate bone following distraction osteogenesis of mandibular bone or maxillary expansion. Current evidence shows that SCs also have potential to be used to regenerate infrabony alveolar defects and move the teeth into regenerated areas. Future application of SCs in orthodontics could involve accelerating tooth movement, regenerating resorbed roots and expanding tooth movement limitations. However, evidence supporting these roles is weak and further studies are required to evaluate the possibility of these ideas.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.T...BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.This case report aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)combined with autologous platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)in an adult patient with class I malocclusion along with dental crowding,a thin periodontal biotype,and buccal plate deficiency.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female complaining of dental crowding and gingival bleeding was referred to the orthodontic clinic.The patient underwent periodontal risk assessment prior to orthodontic treatment.She was diagnosed with a high risk of gingival recession due to dental crowding,root prominence,loss of buccal plates,and a thin gingival tissue biotype.The treatment regimen included PAOO combined with autologous PRF for alveolar augmentation and interproximal enamel reduction for moderate dental crowding.Clinically,PAOO-assisted orthodontic tooth movement in this case showed enhanced periodontium remodeling.Radiographic outcomes also showed statistically significant improvements(P<0.01)in the mandibular buccal alveolar bone.CONCLUSION This case report suggests the combination of autologous PRF with PAOO to enhance bone augmentation and long-term tissue support in adult orthodontic patients with periodontal disease.展开更多
The role of third molars in the oral cavity has been extensively studied over the years. Literature includes numerous diagnostic and treatment alternatives regarding the third molars. However, an issue that has not be...The role of third molars in the oral cavity has been extensively studied over the years. Literature includes numerous diagnostic and treatment alternatives regarding the third molars. However, an issue that has not been discussed at the same level is their involvement in orthodontic therapy. The aim of this study is to present a review of the contemporary literature regarding the most broadly discussed aspects of the multifactorial role of third molars in orthodontics and which are of general dental interest too.展开更多
Anchorage is an important factor in orthodontics and must be properly managed for a successful treatment outcome. Orthodontists have historically used many devices to prevent unwanted tooth movement. The use of minisc...Anchorage is an important factor in orthodontics and must be properly managed for a successful treatment outcome. Orthodontists have historically used many devices to prevent unwanted tooth movement. The use of miniscrews as a source of skeletal anchorage has become routine in present-day orthodontic practice. Skeletal anchorage opens up alternative treatments, to borderline surgery patients for example, who can now be treated by taking advantage of the biomechanical properties of miniscrews. Because they are bone-borne and provide excellent control over tooth movement in the three spatial planes of movement, mini-implants can be used to serve many purposes in addition to anchorage. Therefore, a variety of successful mini-implant appliances are explained in relation to the three planes of movement: sagittal, vertical, and transverse. The aim of this review is to illustrate the clinical versatility of miniscrews in the three spatial planes of malocclusion in orthodontic and orthopedic management and to define clinical guidelines for the selection, application and biomechanics of mini-implants.展开更多
Dental biofilm is the initiating factor of oral diseases,such as periodontitis and caries.Orthodontic treatment could alter the microbiome structure balance,and increase the risk of such diseases.Furthermore,fixed app...Dental biofilm is the initiating factor of oral diseases,such as periodontitis and caries.Orthodontic treatment could alter the microbiome structure balance,and increase the risk of such diseases.Furthermore,fixed appliances can induce temporary changes in the microbiome community,and the changes that clear aligners bring are smaller by comparison.Temporary anchorage devices(TADs)are skeletal anchorages that are widely used in orthodontic treatment.Microorganisms affect the occurrence and development of inflammation surrounding TADs.At present,existing researches have verified the existence of plaque biofilm on the surface of TADs,but the formation of plaque biofilm and plaque composition under different stable conditions have not been fully understood.The development of high-throughput sequencing,molecular biology experiments,and metabonomics have provided new research ideas to solve this problem.They can become an effective means to explore the microbiome surrounding TADs.展开更多
This case presents an unusual transposition of an impacted canine on the central incisor that provides a multidisciplinary approach to its resolution. The patient comes to the consultation for mobility of the central ...This case presents an unusual transposition of an impacted canine on the central incisor that provides a multidisciplinary approach to its resolution. The patient comes to the consultation for mobility of the central incisor. Clinically, tooth mobility was confirmed with tooth crowding and persistence of the temporary canine. Cone beam tomography (CBCT) observed the atypical position of the permanent canine that caused root resorption of the ipsilateral central incisor and the need to extract both teeth. The conservative treatment of the bone structures during the dental enucleation of the impacted canine carried out by odontosection and the immediate bone grafting of the defect projected an acceptable regeneration of the bone volume for the insertion of the implant. The orthodontic treatment managed to correct the bite, position the upper premolar in the place of the canine tooth and maintain the space to place the implant in the central incisor. The three-year follow-up shows maintenance of the peri-implant crestal bone level, the success of orthodontic treatment with recovery of the patient’s function and aesthetics.展开更多
Bilateral Controversy in orthodontic science is widely present in different patterns;one of the most common is the debate between early versus late orthodontic treatment. This paper is going to demonstrate two clinica...Bilateral Controversy in orthodontic science is widely present in different patterns;one of the most common is the debate between early versus late orthodontic treatment. This paper is going to demonstrate two clinical cases of class III malocclusion which are treated orthodontically, one in early mixed dentition and the other in permanent dentition. The face is highly capable to adapt to the changes achieved by orthodontics provided the earlier treatment begins, the more the face adapts to our standards;the later treatment begins, the more our standards have to adapt to the face.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of periodontal sequence in combination with orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontitis.Methods:Retrospective analysis of periodontitis patients(54 cases)treated...Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of periodontal sequence in combination with orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontitis.Methods:Retrospective analysis of periodontitis patients(54 cases)treated at our hospital between February 2018 and June 2019.The clinical data of all the enrolled participants were subjected to periodontal serial combined orthodontic treatment,and all the registered participants were observed at the initial consultation,periodontal serial treatment1 Periodontal parameters at the end of months and at the end of orthodontic treatment,serial periodontal treatment and orthodontic treatment for all enrolled individuals,x-rays and Oral examinations were performed,and the results were analyzed.Results:Compared to the initial visit,all enrolled individuals had a higher plaque index(PLI)after 1 month of periodontal treatment and at the end of orthodontic treatment.Bleeding index(BI),periodontal probe depth(PD),and periodontal attachment loss(CAL)levels were all lower than those detected at the initial visit.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);after serial periodontal treatment and orthodontic treatment,the x-ray results showed that the patients’Alveolar bone resorption or regeneration ceased;The results of the oral examination showed that the patient’s occlusal relationship improved significantly and basically returned to normal.Status,a masticatory function was significantly improved,and individual tooth loosening due to occlusal trauma was improved considerably.Conclusion:The combination of periodontal sequence and orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontitis is beneficial to enhance periodontal parameters,improve occlusal relationships,and improve masticatory function.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of maxillary expansion on orthodontics.Methods:Eight beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups,with 4 dogs in each group.Dogs in group1 were executed immediately and received th...Objective:To explore the effect of maxillary expansion on orthodontics.Methods:Eight beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups,with 4 dogs in each group.Dogs in group1 were executed immediately and received the direct physical measurement.The magnetic expansion appliance was used in group 2 for the maxillary expansion.After the expansion,the model was taken again and they were executed after cone beam CT(CBCT) scanning.The model measurement method was adopted in group 1 to measure the dental measurement indicators and width of base bone arch.The CBCT measurement method was employed to measure the above dental indicators and bone indicators.The difference in the indicators measured by different methods was compared and analyzed.Results:Before the expansion,there was no significant difference in the bone measurement indicators between the CBCT measurement method and direct physical measurement method.After the expansion,there was no significant difference in indicators between the CBCT measurement method and direct physical measurement.But there was significant difference among the model measurement method,CBCT measurement method and direct physical measurement method.There was the significant difference in the dental indicators between the CBCT measurement method and model measurement,as well as the bone indicators of posterior marginal spacing of greater palatine foramen,posterior marginal spacing of incisive foramen,width of base bone arch and spacing of implant anchorage.Conclusions:There is no significant difference between the effect of CBCT measurement method and direct physical measurement method,but CBCT is significantly better than the model measurement.展开更多
During orthodontic treatment,we can achieve differential movements by using photobiomodulation(PBM)as an adjuvant before applying force.We can expect a greater bone density that initially resists movement while applyi...During orthodontic treatment,we can achieve differential movements by using photobiomodulation(PBM)as an adjuvant before applying force.We can expect a greater bone density that initially resists movement while applying PBM to the other teeth to achieve an accelerating effect.The proposed protocol is to use an 810 nm laser at 0.1W power,applying between 4 and 6J per tooth for 22 s on the vestibular and lingual root surfaces,following the axial axis of the tooth.The energy density depends on the tip selected in the instrument.Normal bone remodeling cannot be avoided by applying high doses of PBM.PBM should be applied before orthodontic force to reduce tooth movement.In addition,PBM can be used during force application to teeth that require acceleration to achieve differential movement in orthodontic treatments.The protocol is the same in both scenarios.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effectiveness of various interventions in accelerating tooth movement, a systematic review and net-work meta analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Library,...Objective: To explore the effectiveness of various interventions in accelerating tooth movement, a systematic review and net-work meta analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Library, EBSCO, Web of Science Databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify relevant studies. ADDIS 1.16.6 and Stata 16.0 software were used for NMA. Results: Five thousand five hundred and forty-two articles were searched out. After screening by two independent investigators, forty-seven randomized controlled trials, 1 390 participants, were included in this network meta-analysis. A total of 11 interventions involving Piezocision (Piezo), Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), Plate- let-rich plasma(PRP), Electromagnetic field(EF), Low intensity laser therapy(LLLT), Low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LI-PUS), Low-frequency vibrations(LFV), Distraction osteogenesis(DAD), Corticotomy(Corti), Microosteoperforations (MOPS), Traditional orthodontic(OT)were identified and classified into 3 classes including surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment and traditional orthodontic treatment. According to SUCRA probability ranking of the best intervention effect, when orthodontic treatment lasted for 1 month, PBMT (90.6%), Piezo(87.4%) and MOPs(73.6%)were the top three interventions to improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 2 months, Corti (75.7%), Piezo (69.6%) and LFV(58.9%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 3 months, Cort (73.3%), LLLT(68.4%)and LFV(60.8%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. Conclusion: PBMT and Piezo can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement significantly after 1 month, while Corti and LFV can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement better after 2 and 3 months.展开更多
Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic applia...Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic appliances that could be fixed or removable. However, it’s worth stating that these appliances interfere with tooth brushing, making it more difficult to brush teeth effectively. Orthodontics appliances therefore promote the accumulation of dental plaque, which results in both quantitative and qualitative changes in the oral microbiota, hence, exposing patients to several adverse effects such as White spot lesions, dental caries, periodontal pathologies and halitosis. For this reason, oral assessment of patients before, during and after treatment is necessary as well as oral hygiene instructions and motivation. Orthodontists therefore, should educate patients on oral and periodontal hygiene in order to control dental and periodontal complications. Prescriptions of plaque control materials adapted to each patient are done in order to optimize the final result and minimize unwanted complications.展开更多
Background: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall wel...Background: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.展开更多
The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires,which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment.With the development of digitization,computer simula...The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires,which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment.With the development of digitization,computer simulation and three-dimensional(3D)printing technology,herein,a modern treatment was tried using clear polymeric aligners,which were fabricated by molding polyurethane films via thermoforming on the 3D-printed personalized dental models.The key parameters of photocurable 3D printing of dental models and the mechanical properties of the clear aligner film material were examined.The precision of a 3D-printed dental model mainly relied on characteristics of photocurable resin,the resolution of light source and the exposure condition,which determined the eventual shape of the molded clear aligner and thus the orthodontic treatment efficacy.The biocompatibility of the polyurethane filmmaterial was confirmed through cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests in vitro.Following a series of 3D-printed personalized dental models and finite element analysis to predict and plan the fabrication and orthodontic processes,corresponding clear aligners were fabricated and applied in animal experiments,which proved the efficacy and biocompatibility in vivo.Clinical treatments of 120 orthodontic cases were finally carried out with success,which highlights the advantage of the clear aligners as an esthetic,compatible and efficient appliance.展开更多
Orthodontic forces can cause stress and strain concentration and microcracks on tooth root surfaces.This study aimed to analyze whether a lingual orthodontic appliance was more likely to cause root stress concentratio...Orthodontic forces can cause stress and strain concentration and microcracks on tooth root surfaces.This study aimed to analyze whether a lingual orthodontic appliance was more likely to cause root stress concentration and root resorption than the traditional buccal appliance.A finite element model of the root of the maxillary central incisor with straight,buccal,and lingual curvatures was established.A load perpendicular to the tooth surface on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the central incisor was applied,and the stress and strain concentration at the root apex was compared.The stress and strain at the root apex of the lingual cingulum group were lesser than those of the buccal group;little difference was observed between the lingual and buccal clinical crown central augmentation groups.The stress and strain at the root apex of the lingual direction movement group were greater than those of the buccal direction movement group.The direction of the root curvature also influenced the amount of stress and strain at the root apex.The difference in the risk of root resorption between lingual and buccal orthodontics is dependent on the height of the bracket placement.The loading direction of the orthodontic force and direction of the root curvature also affect the stress and strain at the root apex.展开更多
BACKGROUND Treatment for deep overbite cases can be difficult. This case report presents some techniques with improved super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy wire(ISW) for deep overbite correction.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old woman...BACKGROUND Treatment for deep overbite cases can be difficult. This case report presents some techniques with improved super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy wire(ISW) for deep overbite correction.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old woman had a chief complaint of flaring maxillary teeth. Orthodontic evaluation revealed a skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion and a convex profile appearance. A deep overbite with palatal impingement and large overjet were also noted. Bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted, and spaces were closed using a closed-coil spring and elastic chain. The deep overbite was corrected by applying the ISW curve and ISW intrusion arch. Intermaxillary elastics was used to adjust the intermaxillary relationship. Active treatment took approximately 3 years, and the appearance and dentition alignment noticeably improved.CONCLUSION The use of the ISW technique in a case of skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with deep overbite achieved a desirable result, and the patient was satisfied with the treatment outcome.展开更多
BACKGROUND Correcting severe skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry in adults through orthodontic treatment alone is difficult.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we describe orthodontic treatment and lowe...BACKGROUND Correcting severe skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry in adults through orthodontic treatment alone is difficult.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we describe orthodontic treatment and lower incisor extraction without orthognathic surgery for a 27-year-old man with a transverse discrepancy.The extraction sites were closed using an elastic chain.The use of intermaxillary elastics,improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire,and unilateral multibend edgewise arch wire was crucial for correcting facial asymmetry and the midline deviation.CONCLUSION After treatment,the patient had a more symmetrical facial appearance,acceptable overjet and overbite,and midline coincidence.The treatment results remained stable 3 years after treatment.This case report demonstrates that a minimally invasive treatment can successfully correct severe skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry.展开更多
When designing a study on dental movement acceleration or pain control during orthodontic treatment,it is crucial to consider effective parameters.The objective of this editorial is to compile the most effective param...When designing a study on dental movement acceleration or pain control during orthodontic treatment,it is crucial to consider effective parameters.The objective of this editorial is to compile the most effective parameters supported by evidence that should be considered in future studies to achieve complete parameter homogenization.The protocol currently recommended to homogenize the parameters and facilitate the development of further meta-analysis in terms of acceleration of movement and pain control in orthodontics is Wavelength:810 nm,2.2 J per surface,0.1 W in continuous mode/0.1 W average power in a superpulsed,sweeping movement,1mm from the mucosa,22 seconds along the vestibular surface and 22 seconds along the lingual surface,the recommended speed of movement is 2 mm/sec,1 application during each orthodontic control,to achieve dental movement acceleration and repeat the dose at 24 h to ensure pain elimination.The energy density and power density will depend on the spot size used in the equipment and the distance from the mucosa.It will strengthen the evidence of photobiomodulation as the best therapy to accelerate tooth movement and at the same time control the pain produced by orthodontic treatments.展开更多
This paper presents a Model-Based Design(MBD)approach for the design and control of a customized manipulator intended for drilling and position-ing of dental implants accurately with minimal human intervention.While p...This paper presents a Model-Based Design(MBD)approach for the design and control of a customized manipulator intended for drilling and position-ing of dental implants accurately with minimal human intervention.While performing an intra-oral surgery for a prolonged duration within a limited oral cavity,the tremor of dentist's hand is inevitable.As a result,wielding the drilling tool and inserting the dental implants safely in accurate position and orientation is highly challenging even for experienced dentists.Therefore,we introduce a customized manipulator that is designed ergonomically by taking in to account the dental chair specifications and anthropomorphic data such that it can be readily mounted onto the existing dental chair.The manipulator can be used to drill holes for dental inserts and position them with improved accuracy and safety.Further-more,a thorough multi-body motion analysis of the manipulator was carried out by creating a virtual prototype of the manipulator and simulating its controlled movements in various scenarios.The overall design was prepared and validated in simulation using Solid works,MATLAB and Simulink through Model Based Design(MBD)approach.The motion simulation results indicate that the manipulator could be built as a prototype readily.展开更多
Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the self-perception of esthetics and wish for seeking orthodontic treatment among dental and non-dental students. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were c...Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the self-perception of esthetics and wish for seeking orthodontic treatment among dental and non-dental students. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by expert orthodontist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 male students (Dental—75, Medical—93 and Pharmacy—87 students). The questionnaire included 20 items covering dental esthetics self-perception (10 questions), self-confidence and psychological impact (5 questions), and the need for seeking orthodontic treatment (5 questions) on a five-point Likert scale. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by photographs using aesthetic component of IOTN and clinical examination for the participants and analysis of jaw models using Dental aesthetic index (DAI). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to check the significant difference between groups. Results: The overall average esthetic self-perception score for total sample was 3.83. The overall average psychological impact score for the whole sample was 2.67. The total percentage of participants who either agree or strongly agree with the question related to their perception of need for seeking orthodontic treatment was 70%. According to the assessment of orthodontic needs using AC-IOTN, 19.8% required definitive treatment. According to the assessment of orthodontic treatment needs based on DAI, 20.3% and 9.9% needed highly desirable (DAI 31 - 35) and definite need of treatment (DAI ≥ 36) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was no difference between the esthetic perception of dental and non-dental students. The self-perception for seeking orthodontic treatment was over-reported by participants compared to real requirement as assessed by orthodontic specialist. Dental esthetics has no psychological impact on academic performance and self-confidence as perceived by study participants.展开更多
文摘A simple overview of daily orthodontic practice involves use of brackets, wires and elastomeric modules. However, investigating the underlying effect of orthodontic forces shows various molecular and cellular changes. Also, orthodontics is in close relation with dentofacial orthopedics which involves bone regeneration. In this review current and future applications of stem cells(SCs) in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics have been discussed. For craniofacial anomalies, SCs have been applied to regenerate hard tissue(such as treatment of alveolar cleft) and soft tissue(such as treatment of hemifacial macrosomia). Several attempts have been done to reconstruct impaired temporomandibular joint. Also, SCs with or without bone scaffolds and growth factors have been used to regenerate bone following distraction osteogenesis of mandibular bone or maxillary expansion. Current evidence shows that SCs also have potential to be used to regenerate infrabony alveolar defects and move the teeth into regenerated areas. Future application of SCs in orthodontics could involve accelerating tooth movement, regenerating resorbed roots and expanding tooth movement limitations. However, evidence supporting these roles is weak and further studies are required to evaluate the possibility of these ideas.
基金Supported by Natured Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.1908085MH255.
文摘BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.This case report aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)combined with autologous platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)in an adult patient with class I malocclusion along with dental crowding,a thin periodontal biotype,and buccal plate deficiency.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female complaining of dental crowding and gingival bleeding was referred to the orthodontic clinic.The patient underwent periodontal risk assessment prior to orthodontic treatment.She was diagnosed with a high risk of gingival recession due to dental crowding,root prominence,loss of buccal plates,and a thin gingival tissue biotype.The treatment regimen included PAOO combined with autologous PRF for alveolar augmentation and interproximal enamel reduction for moderate dental crowding.Clinically,PAOO-assisted orthodontic tooth movement in this case showed enhanced periodontium remodeling.Radiographic outcomes also showed statistically significant improvements(P<0.01)in the mandibular buccal alveolar bone.CONCLUSION This case report suggests the combination of autologous PRF with PAOO to enhance bone augmentation and long-term tissue support in adult orthodontic patients with periodontal disease.
文摘The role of third molars in the oral cavity has been extensively studied over the years. Literature includes numerous diagnostic and treatment alternatives regarding the third molars. However, an issue that has not been discussed at the same level is their involvement in orthodontic therapy. The aim of this study is to present a review of the contemporary literature regarding the most broadly discussed aspects of the multifactorial role of third molars in orthodontics and which are of general dental interest too.
文摘Anchorage is an important factor in orthodontics and must be properly managed for a successful treatment outcome. Orthodontists have historically used many devices to prevent unwanted tooth movement. The use of miniscrews as a source of skeletal anchorage has become routine in present-day orthodontic practice. Skeletal anchorage opens up alternative treatments, to borderline surgery patients for example, who can now be treated by taking advantage of the biomechanical properties of miniscrews. Because they are bone-borne and provide excellent control over tooth movement in the three spatial planes of movement, mini-implants can be used to serve many purposes in addition to anchorage. Therefore, a variety of successful mini-implant appliances are explained in relation to the three planes of movement: sagittal, vertical, and transverse. The aim of this review is to illustrate the clinical versatility of miniscrews in the three spatial planes of malocclusion in orthodontic and orthopedic management and to define clinical guidelines for the selection, application and biomechanics of mini-implants.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z171100001017128)National Program for Multidisciplinary Cooperative Treatment on Major Diseases(No.PKUSSNMP-202013)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81671015)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680263).
文摘Dental biofilm is the initiating factor of oral diseases,such as periodontitis and caries.Orthodontic treatment could alter the microbiome structure balance,and increase the risk of such diseases.Furthermore,fixed appliances can induce temporary changes in the microbiome community,and the changes that clear aligners bring are smaller by comparison.Temporary anchorage devices(TADs)are skeletal anchorages that are widely used in orthodontic treatment.Microorganisms affect the occurrence and development of inflammation surrounding TADs.At present,existing researches have verified the existence of plaque biofilm on the surface of TADs,but the formation of plaque biofilm and plaque composition under different stable conditions have not been fully understood.The development of high-throughput sequencing,molecular biology experiments,and metabonomics have provided new research ideas to solve this problem.They can become an effective means to explore the microbiome surrounding TADs.
文摘This case presents an unusual transposition of an impacted canine on the central incisor that provides a multidisciplinary approach to its resolution. The patient comes to the consultation for mobility of the central incisor. Clinically, tooth mobility was confirmed with tooth crowding and persistence of the temporary canine. Cone beam tomography (CBCT) observed the atypical position of the permanent canine that caused root resorption of the ipsilateral central incisor and the need to extract both teeth. The conservative treatment of the bone structures during the dental enucleation of the impacted canine carried out by odontosection and the immediate bone grafting of the defect projected an acceptable regeneration of the bone volume for the insertion of the implant. The orthodontic treatment managed to correct the bite, position the upper premolar in the place of the canine tooth and maintain the space to place the implant in the central incisor. The three-year follow-up shows maintenance of the peri-implant crestal bone level, the success of orthodontic treatment with recovery of the patient’s function and aesthetics.
文摘Bilateral Controversy in orthodontic science is widely present in different patterns;one of the most common is the debate between early versus late orthodontic treatment. This paper is going to demonstrate two clinical cases of class III malocclusion which are treated orthodontically, one in early mixed dentition and the other in permanent dentition. The face is highly capable to adapt to the changes achieved by orthodontics provided the earlier treatment begins, the more the face adapts to our standards;the later treatment begins, the more our standards have to adapt to the face.
文摘Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of periodontal sequence in combination with orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontitis.Methods:Retrospective analysis of periodontitis patients(54 cases)treated at our hospital between February 2018 and June 2019.The clinical data of all the enrolled participants were subjected to periodontal serial combined orthodontic treatment,and all the registered participants were observed at the initial consultation,periodontal serial treatment1 Periodontal parameters at the end of months and at the end of orthodontic treatment,serial periodontal treatment and orthodontic treatment for all enrolled individuals,x-rays and Oral examinations were performed,and the results were analyzed.Results:Compared to the initial visit,all enrolled individuals had a higher plaque index(PLI)after 1 month of periodontal treatment and at the end of orthodontic treatment.Bleeding index(BI),periodontal probe depth(PD),and periodontal attachment loss(CAL)levels were all lower than those detected at the initial visit.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);after serial periodontal treatment and orthodontic treatment,the x-ray results showed that the patients’Alveolar bone resorption or regeneration ceased;The results of the oral examination showed that the patient’s occlusal relationship improved significantly and basically returned to normal.Status,a masticatory function was significantly improved,and individual tooth loosening due to occlusal trauma was improved considerably.Conclusion:The combination of periodontal sequence and orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontitis is beneficial to enhance periodontal parameters,improve occlusal relationships,and improve masticatory function.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81160138)
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of maxillary expansion on orthodontics.Methods:Eight beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups,with 4 dogs in each group.Dogs in group1 were executed immediately and received the direct physical measurement.The magnetic expansion appliance was used in group 2 for the maxillary expansion.After the expansion,the model was taken again and they were executed after cone beam CT(CBCT) scanning.The model measurement method was adopted in group 1 to measure the dental measurement indicators and width of base bone arch.The CBCT measurement method was employed to measure the above dental indicators and bone indicators.The difference in the indicators measured by different methods was compared and analyzed.Results:Before the expansion,there was no significant difference in the bone measurement indicators between the CBCT measurement method and direct physical measurement method.After the expansion,there was no significant difference in indicators between the CBCT measurement method and direct physical measurement.But there was significant difference among the model measurement method,CBCT measurement method and direct physical measurement method.There was the significant difference in the dental indicators between the CBCT measurement method and model measurement,as well as the bone indicators of posterior marginal spacing of greater palatine foramen,posterior marginal spacing of incisive foramen,width of base bone arch and spacing of implant anchorage.Conclusions:There is no significant difference between the effect of CBCT measurement method and direct physical measurement method,but CBCT is significantly better than the model measurement.
文摘During orthodontic treatment,we can achieve differential movements by using photobiomodulation(PBM)as an adjuvant before applying force.We can expect a greater bone density that initially resists movement while applying PBM to the other teeth to achieve an accelerating effect.The proposed protocol is to use an 810 nm laser at 0.1W power,applying between 4 and 6J per tooth for 22 s on the vestibular and lingual root surfaces,following the axial axis of the tooth.The energy density depends on the tip selected in the instrument.Normal bone remodeling cannot be avoided by applying high doses of PBM.PBM should be applied before orthodontic force to reduce tooth movement.In addition,PBM can be used during force application to teeth that require acceleration to achieve differential movement in orthodontic treatments.The protocol is the same in both scenarios.
基金Hainan Provincial Finance Fund for Science and Technology Program-2020 Hainan Province Key R&D Program for Social Developmen(No.ZDYF2020166)2023 Hainan Province Key R&D Program for Social Development(No.ZDYF2023SHFZ095)。
文摘Objective: To explore the effectiveness of various interventions in accelerating tooth movement, a systematic review and net-work meta analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Library, EBSCO, Web of Science Databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify relevant studies. ADDIS 1.16.6 and Stata 16.0 software were used for NMA. Results: Five thousand five hundred and forty-two articles were searched out. After screening by two independent investigators, forty-seven randomized controlled trials, 1 390 participants, were included in this network meta-analysis. A total of 11 interventions involving Piezocision (Piezo), Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), Plate- let-rich plasma(PRP), Electromagnetic field(EF), Low intensity laser therapy(LLLT), Low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LI-PUS), Low-frequency vibrations(LFV), Distraction osteogenesis(DAD), Corticotomy(Corti), Microosteoperforations (MOPS), Traditional orthodontic(OT)were identified and classified into 3 classes including surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment and traditional orthodontic treatment. According to SUCRA probability ranking of the best intervention effect, when orthodontic treatment lasted for 1 month, PBMT (90.6%), Piezo(87.4%) and MOPs(73.6%)were the top three interventions to improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 2 months, Corti (75.7%), Piezo (69.6%) and LFV(58.9%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 3 months, Cort (73.3%), LLLT(68.4%)and LFV(60.8%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. Conclusion: PBMT and Piezo can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement significantly after 1 month, while Corti and LFV can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement better after 2 and 3 months.
文摘Orthodontic treatment offers great advantages in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-confidence and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. The pursuit of these advantages makes use of orthodontic appliances that could be fixed or removable. However, it’s worth stating that these appliances interfere with tooth brushing, making it more difficult to brush teeth effectively. Orthodontics appliances therefore promote the accumulation of dental plaque, which results in both quantitative and qualitative changes in the oral microbiota, hence, exposing patients to several adverse effects such as White spot lesions, dental caries, periodontal pathologies and halitosis. For this reason, oral assessment of patients before, during and after treatment is necessary as well as oral hygiene instructions and motivation. Orthodontists therefore, should educate patients on oral and periodontal hygiene in order to control dental and periodontal complications. Prescriptions of plaque control materials adapted to each patient are done in order to optimize the final result and minimize unwanted complications.
文摘Background: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.
基金supports from NSF of China(grants No.52130302,21961160721)National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2016YFC1100300)。
文摘The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires,which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment.With the development of digitization,computer simulation and three-dimensional(3D)printing technology,herein,a modern treatment was tried using clear polymeric aligners,which were fabricated by molding polyurethane films via thermoforming on the 3D-printed personalized dental models.The key parameters of photocurable 3D printing of dental models and the mechanical properties of the clear aligner film material were examined.The precision of a 3D-printed dental model mainly relied on characteristics of photocurable resin,the resolution of light source and the exposure condition,which determined the eventual shape of the molded clear aligner and thus the orthodontic treatment efficacy.The biocompatibility of the polyurethane filmmaterial was confirmed through cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests in vitro.Following a series of 3D-printed personalized dental models and finite element analysis to predict and plan the fabrication and orthodontic processes,corresponding clear aligners were fabricated and applied in animal experiments,which proved the efficacy and biocompatibility in vivo.Clinical treatments of 120 orthodontic cases were finally carried out with success,which highlights the advantage of the clear aligners as an esthetic,compatible and efficient appliance.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20390 and 11827803).
文摘Orthodontic forces can cause stress and strain concentration and microcracks on tooth root surfaces.This study aimed to analyze whether a lingual orthodontic appliance was more likely to cause root stress concentration and root resorption than the traditional buccal appliance.A finite element model of the root of the maxillary central incisor with straight,buccal,and lingual curvatures was established.A load perpendicular to the tooth surface on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the central incisor was applied,and the stress and strain concentration at the root apex was compared.The stress and strain at the root apex of the lingual cingulum group were lesser than those of the buccal group;little difference was observed between the lingual and buccal clinical crown central augmentation groups.The stress and strain at the root apex of the lingual direction movement group were greater than those of the buccal direction movement group.The direction of the root curvature also influenced the amount of stress and strain at the root apex.The difference in the risk of root resorption between lingual and buccal orthodontics is dependent on the height of the bracket placement.The loading direction of the orthodontic force and direction of the root curvature also affect the stress and strain at the root apex.
文摘BACKGROUND Treatment for deep overbite cases can be difficult. This case report presents some techniques with improved super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy wire(ISW) for deep overbite correction.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old woman had a chief complaint of flaring maxillary teeth. Orthodontic evaluation revealed a skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion and a convex profile appearance. A deep overbite with palatal impingement and large overjet were also noted. Bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted, and spaces were closed using a closed-coil spring and elastic chain. The deep overbite was corrected by applying the ISW curve and ISW intrusion arch. Intermaxillary elastics was used to adjust the intermaxillary relationship. Active treatment took approximately 3 years, and the appearance and dentition alignment noticeably improved.CONCLUSION The use of the ISW technique in a case of skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with deep overbite achieved a desirable result, and the patient was satisfied with the treatment outcome.
基金China Medical University and Hospital,Taichung City,Taiwan,No.DMR-111-044.
文摘BACKGROUND Correcting severe skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry in adults through orthodontic treatment alone is difficult.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we describe orthodontic treatment and lower incisor extraction without orthognathic surgery for a 27-year-old man with a transverse discrepancy.The extraction sites were closed using an elastic chain.The use of intermaxillary elastics,improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire,and unilateral multibend edgewise arch wire was crucial for correcting facial asymmetry and the midline deviation.CONCLUSION After treatment,the patient had a more symmetrical facial appearance,acceptable overjet and overbite,and midline coincidence.The treatment results remained stable 3 years after treatment.This case report demonstrates that a minimally invasive treatment can successfully correct severe skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry.
文摘When designing a study on dental movement acceleration or pain control during orthodontic treatment,it is crucial to consider effective parameters.The objective of this editorial is to compile the most effective parameters supported by evidence that should be considered in future studies to achieve complete parameter homogenization.The protocol currently recommended to homogenize the parameters and facilitate the development of further meta-analysis in terms of acceleration of movement and pain control in orthodontics is Wavelength:810 nm,2.2 J per surface,0.1 W in continuous mode/0.1 W average power in a superpulsed,sweeping movement,1mm from the mucosa,22 seconds along the vestibular surface and 22 seconds along the lingual surface,the recommended speed of movement is 2 mm/sec,1 application during each orthodontic control,to achieve dental movement acceleration and repeat the dose at 24 h to ensure pain elimination.The energy density and power density will depend on the spot size used in the equipment and the distance from the mucosa.It will strengthen the evidence of photobiomodulation as the best therapy to accelerate tooth movement and at the same time control the pain produced by orthodontic treatments.
文摘This paper presents a Model-Based Design(MBD)approach for the design and control of a customized manipulator intended for drilling and position-ing of dental implants accurately with minimal human intervention.While performing an intra-oral surgery for a prolonged duration within a limited oral cavity,the tremor of dentist's hand is inevitable.As a result,wielding the drilling tool and inserting the dental implants safely in accurate position and orientation is highly challenging even for experienced dentists.Therefore,we introduce a customized manipulator that is designed ergonomically by taking in to account the dental chair specifications and anthropomorphic data such that it can be readily mounted onto the existing dental chair.The manipulator can be used to drill holes for dental inserts and position them with improved accuracy and safety.Further-more,a thorough multi-body motion analysis of the manipulator was carried out by creating a virtual prototype of the manipulator and simulating its controlled movements in various scenarios.The overall design was prepared and validated in simulation using Solid works,MATLAB and Simulink through Model Based Design(MBD)approach.The motion simulation results indicate that the manipulator could be built as a prototype readily.
文摘Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the self-perception of esthetics and wish for seeking orthodontic treatment among dental and non-dental students. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by expert orthodontist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 male students (Dental—75, Medical—93 and Pharmacy—87 students). The questionnaire included 20 items covering dental esthetics self-perception (10 questions), self-confidence and psychological impact (5 questions), and the need for seeking orthodontic treatment (5 questions) on a five-point Likert scale. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by photographs using aesthetic component of IOTN and clinical examination for the participants and analysis of jaw models using Dental aesthetic index (DAI). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to check the significant difference between groups. Results: The overall average esthetic self-perception score for total sample was 3.83. The overall average psychological impact score for the whole sample was 2.67. The total percentage of participants who either agree or strongly agree with the question related to their perception of need for seeking orthodontic treatment was 70%. According to the assessment of orthodontic needs using AC-IOTN, 19.8% required definitive treatment. According to the assessment of orthodontic treatment needs based on DAI, 20.3% and 9.9% needed highly desirable (DAI 31 - 35) and definite need of treatment (DAI ≥ 36) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was no difference between the esthetic perception of dental and non-dental students. The self-perception for seeking orthodontic treatment was over-reported by participants compared to real requirement as assessed by orthodontic specialist. Dental esthetics has no psychological impact on academic performance and self-confidence as perceived by study participants.
