Phylogeny of the sinipercine fishes, their relationships with some fossils and their systematic position were studied in this paper. Consisting of 2 sister groups, the sinipercine fishes were grouped as 2 genera - Cor...Phylogeny of the sinipercine fishes, their relationships with some fossils and their systematic position were studied in this paper. Consisting of 2 sister groups, the sinipercine fishes were grouped as 2 genera - Coreoperca and Siniperca, while the genus Coreosiniperca was unwarranted for its type being a member in Siniperca, Having many special characters, Tungtingichthys was denied as the ancestor of the sinipercine fishes, however, Siniperca wusiangensis was taken as one member in Siniperca and some fossil percoids found in Japan had close relationship with sinipercine fishes. All characters of the sinipercine fishes are not concordant with that in Serranidae or Percichthyidae which leads to the conclusion that either the sinipercine fishes are not in Percichthyidae, or the defining characters of Percichthyidae listed by Gosline (1966) are wrong. But at present, we can only put the sinipercine fishes in Percichthyidae.展开更多
A molecular phytogeny is presented for the subfamily Dorippinae (including 9 individuals, representing 5 species and 4 genera), based on the sequence data from 16S rRNA gene. Two-cluster test between lineages in these...A molecular phytogeny is presented for the subfamily Dorippinae (including 9 individuals, representing 5 species and 4 genera), based on the sequence data from 16S rRNA gene. Two-cluster test between lineages in these phylogenetic trees has been performed. On the basis of rate constancy, the rate of nucleotide substitutions of 16S rDNA sequence data is estimated as 0.27% per million years. The analysis strongly supports the recognition of the Dorippinae as a monophyletic subfamily. Phylogenetic tree indicates that the subfamily Dorippinae is divided into two main clades, and genus Dorippe appears basal in the subfamily, diverging from other species 36.6 Ma ago. It is also clear that the Heikea is closely related to the genus Neodorippe. The divergence time between them is 15.8 Ma.展开更多
Objective This study aims to investigate the infection of Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)in highincidence areas of Hunan Province,China.The phylogenetic analysis of the C.sinensis species in the highly infected areas ...Objective This study aims to investigate the infection of Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)in highincidence areas of Hunan Province,China.The phylogenetic analysis of the C.sinensis species in the highly infected areas was carried out.Method Infection of the definitive human host and intermediate fish host by C.sinensis was investigated,and the mitochondrial genes cox1 and Nad1 were used as genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis.Results In 2016–2020,the average population infection rate of Hunan was 1.38%,while in Tongdao County the rate was up to 26.90%,and the highest fish infection rate was detected in Qiyang County(99.44%in the dorsal fin of crucian carp).High genetic sequence similarity was observed in the samples from Qiyang and Lengshuitan which exhibited high homology with those from Guangdong and Gansu,whereas the parasitic species from Tongdao was highly homologous with those located in high-latitude areas.Moreover,no significant difference was found in the gene sequence of the parasitic species in definitive hosts dogs and cats.Conclusion The systematically study of C.sinensis infection in the high-incidence areas will contribute greatly to the prevention and effectively controlling the spread of Clonorchis sinensis in Hunan Province The endemic of C.sinensis infection in Hunan Province is the result of co-action of local and foreign parasite species.展开更多
Objective To study the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -associated coronavirus genotype and its characteristics.Methods A SARS-associated coronavirus isolate named ZJ01 was obtained from throat swab samples t...Objective To study the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -associated coronavirus genotype and its characteristics.Methods A SARS-associated coronavirus isolate named ZJ01 was obtained from throat swab samples taken from a patient in Hangzhou, Zhejing province. The complete genome sequence of ZJ01 consisted of 29 715 bp (GenBank accession: AY297028, version; gi: 30910859). Seventeen SARS-associated coronavirus genome sequences in GenBank were compared to analyze the common sequence variations and the probability of co-occurrence of multiple polymorphisms or mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of those sequences was done.Results By bioinformatics processing and analysis, the 5 loci nucleotides at ZJ01 genome were found being T, T, G, T and T, respectively. Compared with other SARS-associated coronavirus genomes in the GenBank database, an A/G mutation was detected besides the other 4 mutation loci (C: G: C: C/T: T: T: T) involved in this genetic signature. Therefore a new definition was put forward according to the 5 mutation loci. SARS-associated coronavirus strains would be grouped into two genotypes (C: G: A: C: C/T: T: G: T: T), and abbreviated as SARS coronavirus C genotype and T genotype. On the basis of this new definition, the ZJ01 isolate belongs to SARS-associated coronavirus T genotype, first discovered and reported in China's Mainland. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike protein gene fragments of these SARS-associated coronavirus strains showed that the GZ01 isolate was phylogenetically distinct from other isolates, and compared with groups F1 and F2 of the T genotype, the isolates of BJ01 and CUHK-W1 were more closely related to the GZ01 isolate. It was interesting to find that two (A/G and C/T) of the five mutation loci occurred in the spike protein gene, which caused changes of Asp to Gly and Thr to He in the protein, respectively.Conclusion Attention should be paid to whether these genotype and mutation patterns are related to the virus' s biological activities, epidemic characteristics and host clinical symptoms.展开更多
The phylogenetic relationship of Hexapoda has been debated for a long time, which will be resolved mainly depending on the settlement of monophyly, affinities and interrelationships among Protura, Collembola and Diplu...The phylogenetic relationship of Hexapoda has been debated for a long time, which will be resolved mainly depending on the settlement of monophyly, affinities and interrelationships among Protura, Collembola and Diplura. Mitochondrial 12sRNA gene about 355 bp fragments from one proturan species, two collembolan species, two dipluran species and one oribatid species were sequenced. The Ki-mura 2-parameter distances were calculated and a series of molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by using the N-J method, from which the following points were drawn: (i) Protura and Collembola compose a monophyletic group representing absent-cerci; (ii) Diplura is not a monophyletic group, in which Campodeoid with filiform cerci belongs to a clade and Japygoid with pincer cerci and Ectognatha compose another clade, that is, Insecta s. str. stemmed from Japygoid. So it would be suggested that the phylogenetic relationship of Hexapoda is [Parainsecta (Collembola + Protura) +Campodeoid +Insecta (Japygoid +展开更多
Restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with 16 restriction endonucleases was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships of Ochotona cansus, O. huangensis, O. thibetana, O. curzoniae and O. erythroti...Restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with 16 restriction endonucleases was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships of Ochotona cansus, O. huangensis, O. thibetana, O. curzoniae and O. erythrotis. A 1-kb length variation between 0. erythrotis of subgenus Pika and other four species of subgenus Ochotona was observed, which may be a useful genetic marker for identifying the two subgenera. The phylogenetic tree constructed using PAUP based on 61 phylogenetically informative sites suggests that O. aythrotis diverged first, followed by O. cansus, while O. atrzoniae and O. huangensis are sister taxa related to O. thibetana. The results indicate that both O. cansus and O. huangensis should be treated as independent species. If the base substitution rate of pikas mtDNA was 2% per million years, then the divergence time of the two subgenera, Pika and Ochotona, is about 8.8 Ma ago of late Miocence, middle Bao-dian of Chinese mammalian age, and the divergence of the four species in subgenus Ochotona would have occurred about 2.5-4.2 Ma ago, Yushean of Chinese mammalian age. This calculation appears to be substantiated by the fossil record.展开更多
文摘Phylogeny of the sinipercine fishes, their relationships with some fossils and their systematic position were studied in this paper. Consisting of 2 sister groups, the sinipercine fishes were grouped as 2 genera - Coreoperca and Siniperca, while the genus Coreosiniperca was unwarranted for its type being a member in Siniperca, Having many special characters, Tungtingichthys was denied as the ancestor of the sinipercine fishes, however, Siniperca wusiangensis was taken as one member in Siniperca and some fossil percoids found in Japan had close relationship with sinipercine fishes. All characters of the sinipercine fishes are not concordant with that in Serranidae or Percichthyidae which leads to the conclusion that either the sinipercine fishes are not in Percichthyidae, or the defining characters of Percichthyidae listed by Gosline (1966) are wrong. But at present, we can only put the sinipercine fishes in Percichthyidae.
文摘A molecular phytogeny is presented for the subfamily Dorippinae (including 9 individuals, representing 5 species and 4 genera), based on the sequence data from 16S rRNA gene. Two-cluster test between lineages in these phylogenetic trees has been performed. On the basis of rate constancy, the rate of nucleotide substitutions of 16S rDNA sequence data is estimated as 0.27% per million years. The analysis strongly supports the recognition of the Dorippinae as a monophyletic subfamily. Phylogenetic tree indicates that the subfamily Dorippinae is divided into two main clades, and genus Dorippe appears basal in the subfamily, diverging from other species 36.6 Ma ago. It is also clear that the Heikea is closely related to the genus Neodorippe. The divergence time between them is 15.8 Ma.
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate the infection of Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)in highincidence areas of Hunan Province,China.The phylogenetic analysis of the C.sinensis species in the highly infected areas was carried out.Method Infection of the definitive human host and intermediate fish host by C.sinensis was investigated,and the mitochondrial genes cox1 and Nad1 were used as genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis.Results In 2016–2020,the average population infection rate of Hunan was 1.38%,while in Tongdao County the rate was up to 26.90%,and the highest fish infection rate was detected in Qiyang County(99.44%in the dorsal fin of crucian carp).High genetic sequence similarity was observed in the samples from Qiyang and Lengshuitan which exhibited high homology with those from Guangdong and Gansu,whereas the parasitic species from Tongdao was highly homologous with those located in high-latitude areas.Moreover,no significant difference was found in the gene sequence of the parasitic species in definitive hosts dogs and cats.Conclusion The systematically study of C.sinensis infection in the high-incidence areas will contribute greatly to the prevention and effectively controlling the spread of Clonorchis sinensis in Hunan Province The endemic of C.sinensis infection in Hunan Province is the result of co-action of local and foreign parasite species.
基金This work was supported by the Administration of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province,the Administration of Health of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang University.
文摘Objective To study the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -associated coronavirus genotype and its characteristics.Methods A SARS-associated coronavirus isolate named ZJ01 was obtained from throat swab samples taken from a patient in Hangzhou, Zhejing province. The complete genome sequence of ZJ01 consisted of 29 715 bp (GenBank accession: AY297028, version; gi: 30910859). Seventeen SARS-associated coronavirus genome sequences in GenBank were compared to analyze the common sequence variations and the probability of co-occurrence of multiple polymorphisms or mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of those sequences was done.Results By bioinformatics processing and analysis, the 5 loci nucleotides at ZJ01 genome were found being T, T, G, T and T, respectively. Compared with other SARS-associated coronavirus genomes in the GenBank database, an A/G mutation was detected besides the other 4 mutation loci (C: G: C: C/T: T: T: T) involved in this genetic signature. Therefore a new definition was put forward according to the 5 mutation loci. SARS-associated coronavirus strains would be grouped into two genotypes (C: G: A: C: C/T: T: G: T: T), and abbreviated as SARS coronavirus C genotype and T genotype. On the basis of this new definition, the ZJ01 isolate belongs to SARS-associated coronavirus T genotype, first discovered and reported in China's Mainland. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike protein gene fragments of these SARS-associated coronavirus strains showed that the GZ01 isolate was phylogenetically distinct from other isolates, and compared with groups F1 and F2 of the T genotype, the isolates of BJ01 and CUHK-W1 were more closely related to the GZ01 isolate. It was interesting to find that two (A/G and C/T) of the five mutation loci occurred in the spike protein gene, which caused changes of Asp to Gly and Thr to He in the protein, respectively.Conclusion Attention should be paid to whether these genotype and mutation patterns are related to the virus' s biological activities, epidemic characteristics and host clinical symptoms.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39670111) by the Life Science Special Funds of the CAS and the Director Funds of Shanghai Entomology Institute of the CAS.
文摘The phylogenetic relationship of Hexapoda has been debated for a long time, which will be resolved mainly depending on the settlement of monophyly, affinities and interrelationships among Protura, Collembola and Diplura. Mitochondrial 12sRNA gene about 355 bp fragments from one proturan species, two collembolan species, two dipluran species and one oribatid species were sequenced. The Ki-mura 2-parameter distances were calculated and a series of molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by using the N-J method, from which the following points were drawn: (i) Protura and Collembola compose a monophyletic group representing absent-cerci; (ii) Diplura is not a monophyletic group, in which Campodeoid with filiform cerci belongs to a clade and Japygoid with pincer cerci and Ectognatha compose another clade, that is, Insecta s. str. stemmed from Japygoid. So it would be suggested that the phylogenetic relationship of Hexapoda is [Parainsecta (Collembola + Protura) +Campodeoid +Insecta (Japygoid +
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Taxonomy and Fauna,and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution,the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with 16 restriction endonucleases was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships of Ochotona cansus, O. huangensis, O. thibetana, O. curzoniae and O. erythrotis. A 1-kb length variation between 0. erythrotis of subgenus Pika and other four species of subgenus Ochotona was observed, which may be a useful genetic marker for identifying the two subgenera. The phylogenetic tree constructed using PAUP based on 61 phylogenetically informative sites suggests that O. aythrotis diverged first, followed by O. cansus, while O. atrzoniae and O. huangensis are sister taxa related to O. thibetana. The results indicate that both O. cansus and O. huangensis should be treated as independent species. If the base substitution rate of pikas mtDNA was 2% per million years, then the divergence time of the two subgenera, Pika and Ochotona, is about 8.8 Ma ago of late Miocence, middle Bao-dian of Chinese mammalian age, and the divergence of the four species in subgenus Ochotona would have occurred about 2.5-4.2 Ma ago, Yushean of Chinese mammalian age. This calculation appears to be substantiated by the fossil record.
