为了理解荒漠短命植物小车前(Plantago minuta Pall.)种子表面的粘液物质对种子在干旱环境中萌发的作用,在室内控制条件下研究了粘液物质的吸水保水特性、剥离粘液物质的种子(无粘液种子)和保留粘液物质的种子(粘液种子)在-1.15^-0.15MP...为了理解荒漠短命植物小车前(Plantago minuta Pall.)种子表面的粘液物质对种子在干旱环境中萌发的作用,在室内控制条件下研究了粘液物质的吸水保水特性、剥离粘液物质的种子(无粘液种子)和保留粘液物质的种子(粘液种子)在-1.15^-0.15MPa不同渗透胁迫条件下的萌发状况。结果表明:(1)小车前种子表面的粘液物质干重占粘液种子干重的5.6%;在去离子水中,粘液物质可以吸收相当于其自身干重217.1倍的水分;粘液物质的存在使得小车前种子的吸水倍数由2倍增加至14倍,从而保证为种子萌发提供充足的水分;(2)干燥的粘液种子吸水2h后即达到饱和,而吸水饱和后的粘液种子在室温下晾置,经过48h后又干燥失水恢复至原重;(3)在去离子水中或低渗透胁迫(-0.33^-0.15MPa)条件下,粘液物质吸水作用能促进小车前种子萌发,粘液种子3d的发芽势和10d的总萌发率均显著高于无粘液种子;在高渗透胁迫(-1.15^-0.73MPa)条件下,粘液种子3d的发芽势显著低于无粘液种子的,而10d的总萌发率与无粘液种子的没有显著差别,表明粘液物质在干旱条件下可能从种子而非外界环境中吸取水分,减缓了种子萌发速率。通过上述结果可以认为小车前种子表面的粘液物质在早春干湿交替剧烈的荒漠生境中起到通过调节水分来调节种子萌发的作用,这种萌发策略大大降低了因大批种子同时萌发导致幼苗受旱甚至种群灭亡的潜在风险。展开更多
Box dimension and information dimension based on individual and leaf number were applied to analyze the distribution patterns of Plantato asiatica and P. viriginica in suburbs of Jinhua. The results showed that both t...Box dimension and information dimension based on individual and leaf number were applied to analyze the distribution patterns of Plantato asiatica and P. viriginica in suburbs of Jinhua. The results showed that both the box dimension and the information dimention of P. virginica were obviously higher than those of P. asiatica in the high human-distributed environment. P. asiatica was mostly distributed in the environment with compacted soil. The information dimension on the basis of leaf probability in the boxes showed that the populations of P. virginica and P. asiatica in low density could exploit environmental resources effectively.展开更多
Four new indole alkaloids,plasiaticines A-D(1-4),together with two known ones,were isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysi...Four new indole alkaloids,plasiaticines A-D(1-4),together with two known ones,were isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data.All compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity,and all compounds except 4 were tested for their acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibitory activities.展开更多
Objective: To determine the ef ect of Plantago major(P. major) extract on the liver injury following acetaminophen(APAP) toxicity. Methods: The male Sprague Dawley rats(n = 38) were randomly divided into normal contro...Objective: To determine the ef ect of Plantago major(P. major) extract on the liver injury following acetaminophen(APAP) toxicity. Methods: The male Sprague Dawley rats(n = 38) were randomly divided into normal control(n = 6) and experiment(n = 32) groups. The latter was subdivided into four groups and induced with APAP(1 000 mg/kg) per oral, followed by P. major extract and N-acetylcysteine orally to the respective groups for six days. Results: On the seventh day, the serum bilirubin, liver enzymes and tissue malondialdehyde were increased in APAP groups whereas the total protein in serum, tissue superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were reduced. The plant extract treatment reduced the histological deteriorations such as aggregation of hepatocellular cords, formation of binucleated cells and vacuolisation of the cells with scanty cytoplasm. It also revealed signii cant reduction of malondialdehyde and increased level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione. The i ndings in the extract treated groups were comparable to the group treated with N-acetylcysteine. Conclusions: In conclusion, P. major can enhance innate antioxidant activity and ameliorate the APAP-induced liver injury.展开更多
Coagulation and flocculation are the most important processes in water treatment plants. Nowadays, in Iran, coagulants which have the most usage in water treatment are Aluminum Sulphate (Alum) and Ferric Chlo-ride. Us...Coagulation and flocculation are the most important processes in water treatment plants. Nowadays, in Iran, coagulants which have the most usage in water treatment are Aluminum Sulphate (Alum) and Ferric Chlo-ride. Using synthetic coagulants are not economical and useful for health in developing countries. The aim of this research is to survey and compare the Ferric Chloride coagulant function and this coagulant accompany with Plantago ovata coagulant aid under variable pH for eliminating of water turbidity. This study was performed in lab scale for water containing artificial turbidity of clay. The experiments were done in three turbidity ranges 100, 50, 20 NTU and two ranges of pH 7 and 8. The amount of Ferric Chloride in all experiments were 10 ppm and P.ovata extarct in optimum concentration for turbidity of 100, 50, 20 NTU was 0.2 ppm, 0.1 ppm and 0.04 ppm respectively. The optimum pH was 7. Using P.ovata co-agulant aid in turbidity 100, 50, 20 NTU can eliminate 94.1, 94.5, 88.15 percent of above turbidities, while using Ferric Chloride coagulant alone in optimum pH can eliminate 90.3, 85.16, 80.2 percent of the turbid-ities mentioned above. Results show that P.ovata extract is less efficient in high turbidities when used as a coagulant aid. Plantago ovata, as a coagulant aid, showed positive influence on turbidity removal from water. In addition, optimized pH showed important role in reducing turbidity.展开更多
The seeds of <i>Plantago</i><span> <i>ovata</i></span>, called psyllium or ispaghula, have been used in the preparation of bulk laxatives. Nowadays, it is also used as an ingredient...The seeds of <i>Plantago</i><span> <i>ovata</i></span>, called psyllium or ispaghula, have been used in the preparation of bulk laxatives. Nowadays, it is also used as an ingredient in bakery and breakfast cereals to increase dietary fiber and to give baking products fluffiness and viscosity. Mostly, there are described cases of occupational allergy that handle <i>Plantago</i><span> <i>ovata</i></span> seeds in powder laxatives and some cases of anaphylaxis after eating products containing psyllium. This case r<span>eport is about a geriatric assistant who had an anaphylactic shock after</span> eating a multigrain gluten-free piece of bread containing psyllium, who presented a positive skin test with psyllium in the allergy study. We recommended to the patient to avoid the ingestion and the inhalation at work of <i>Plantago</i><span> <i>ovata</i></span> seeds and to carry self-injectable adrenaline. With this case, we would like to highlight the growing uses of psyllium, especially in bakery products, and that it can behave like a hidden allergen.展开更多
Background:Bedsores are damage or loss of skin integrity due to prolonged pressure which there are several ways to treat and prevent them.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Plantago major L.and Rosa d...Background:Bedsores are damage or loss of skin integrity due to prolonged pressure which there are several ways to treat and prevent them.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Plantago major L.and Rosa damascene herbal ointment for bedsore healing in hospitalized patients.Methods:This clinical trial study was accomplished with 100 patients divided into control(50 patients)and intervention(50 patients)groups.The control group had received routine treatment(dressing with Comfeel),but the intervention group only had received herbal ointment and then both groups were compared with each other through the pressure ulcer scale for healing(PUSH)tool.Results:The mean and standard deviation of recovery time in the Comfeel group was 27.40±12.467 and in the herbal ointment group was 21.57±12.695.In the pre-intervention evaluation,the mean and standard deviation of the PUSH score in the herbal ointment group was 10.44±0.323 while in the last evaluation in the same group it was 0.68±0.288 but in the Comfeel group,in the pre-intervention evaluation,the mean and standard deviation of the PUSH score was 10.68±0.317,while in the last evaluation it was 1.98±0.472.The highest frequency of bedsores in the study units was in the sacral region(49%)and the lowest frequency was in the sole of the foot with 1%.Conclusion:The results showed that Plantago major L.and Rosa damascene herbal ointment was effective in accelerating recovery time and wound healing.展开更多
Desert ephemeral plants play an important role in desert ecosystem.Soil water availability is considered as the major restrictive factor limiting the growth of ephemeral plants.Moreover,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM...Desert ephemeral plants play an important role in desert ecosystem.Soil water availability is considered as the major restrictive factor limiting the growth of ephemeral plants.Moreover,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM fungi) are widely reported to improve the growth of desert ephemerals.The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of that AM fungi could alleviate drought stress of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta,and AM fungal functions reduced with the improvement of soil water content.A pot experiment was carried out with three levels of soil water contents(4.5%,9.0%,and 15.8%(w/w)),and three AM inoculation treatments(Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum and non-inoculation).The results indicate that mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with the increase of soil water availability.Inoculation improved plant growth and N,P and K acquisition in both shoots and roots regardless water treatments.When comparing the two fungi,plants inoculated with G.mosseae performed better than those inoculated with G.etunicatum in terms of plant growth and nutrient acquisition.These results showed that ameliorative soil water did not suppress arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functions in improving growth and nutrient acquisition of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta.展开更多
Two phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs), plantamajoside and acteoside, were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of Plantago asiatica for the first time by high performance centrifugal partition chromatography(HPCP...Two phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs), plantamajoside and acteoside, were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of Plantago asiatica for the first time by high performance centrifugal partition chromatography(HPCPC) with ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and water(0.5:0.5:0.1:1, volume ratio) as solvent system. A total of 45.6 mg of plantamajoside and 293.8 mg of acteoside were purified from 1341 mg of the n-butanol extract of P. asiatica, with a purity of >93.3% as determined by HPLC. The HPCPC fractions were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and the structures were identified by their retention time, UV, electrospray ionization multi stage tandem mass spectrometry(ESI-MSn) in the negative ion mode, and confirmed by NMR experiments. The characteristic fragment ions of ESI-MS of the two PhGs isolated from Plantago asiatica were discussed, which are specific and useful for the identification of the structures of PhGs.展开更多
Plantago psyllium mucilage (PSY), an anionic natural polysaccharide consisting of pentosan and uronic acid obtained from the seeds of Plantago psyllium (Plantago family), was grafted with acrylonitrile (AN). Graft cop...Plantago psyllium mucilage (PSY), an anionic natural polysaccharide consisting of pentosan and uronic acid obtained from the seeds of Plantago psyllium (Plantago family), was grafted with acrylonitrile (AN). Graft copolymers were prepared by ceric ion initiated solution polymerization technique and were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. These copolymers are good flocculating agents for removal of suspended (SS) and total dissolved solid (TDS) in sewage wastewater treatment. The effects of copolymer dose, pH and contact time on flocculation capacity of one selected copolymer sample were studied by jar test method. The suitable pH range for maximum solid removal was 7.0 to 9.2 and the optimum copolymer dose was 1.2 mg/L. The overall process for solid removal took 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of grafted copolymer, PSY grafted polyacrylonitrile (PSY-g-PAN)and solid waste, before and after treatment are used to suggest the interaction of the solid waste with PSY-g-PAN copolymer.展开更多
Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds(1 e9), were isolated from the of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. Structurally, alisolides A-F(1 e6), composed of an oxole g...Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds(1 e9), were isolated from the of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. Structurally, alisolides A-F(1 e6), composed of an oxole group coupled to a five-membered ring, represent unusual C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids. Alisolide H(8) is a novel triterpenoid with an unreported endoperoxide bridge. Alisolide I(9) represents the first example of 23,24-acetal triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, wherein the absolute configurations of 4-6, 8 were further confirmed by the Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD method. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in Caco-2 cells, and all the compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the range of 0.76 e38.20 mmol/L.展开更多
文摘为了理解荒漠短命植物小车前(Plantago minuta Pall.)种子表面的粘液物质对种子在干旱环境中萌发的作用,在室内控制条件下研究了粘液物质的吸水保水特性、剥离粘液物质的种子(无粘液种子)和保留粘液物质的种子(粘液种子)在-1.15^-0.15MPa不同渗透胁迫条件下的萌发状况。结果表明:(1)小车前种子表面的粘液物质干重占粘液种子干重的5.6%;在去离子水中,粘液物质可以吸收相当于其自身干重217.1倍的水分;粘液物质的存在使得小车前种子的吸水倍数由2倍增加至14倍,从而保证为种子萌发提供充足的水分;(2)干燥的粘液种子吸水2h后即达到饱和,而吸水饱和后的粘液种子在室温下晾置,经过48h后又干燥失水恢复至原重;(3)在去离子水中或低渗透胁迫(-0.33^-0.15MPa)条件下,粘液物质吸水作用能促进小车前种子萌发,粘液种子3d的发芽势和10d的总萌发率均显著高于无粘液种子;在高渗透胁迫(-1.15^-0.73MPa)条件下,粘液种子3d的发芽势显著低于无粘液种子的,而10d的总萌发率与无粘液种子的没有显著差别,表明粘液物质在干旱条件下可能从种子而非外界环境中吸取水分,减缓了种子萌发速率。通过上述结果可以认为小车前种子表面的粘液物质在早春干湿交替剧烈的荒漠生境中起到通过调节水分来调节种子萌发的作用,这种萌发策略大大降低了因大批种子同时萌发导致幼苗受旱甚至种群灭亡的潜在风险。
文摘Box dimension and information dimension based on individual and leaf number were applied to analyze the distribution patterns of Plantato asiatica and P. viriginica in suburbs of Jinhua. The results showed that both the box dimension and the information dimention of P. virginica were obviously higher than those of P. asiatica in the high human-distributed environment. P. asiatica was mostly distributed in the environment with compacted soil. The information dimension on the basis of leaf probability in the boxes showed that the populations of P. virginica and P. asiatica in low density could exploit environmental resources effectively.
基金supported financially by the grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-EW-Q-10 and KSCX1-YW-R-24)the NSFC(No.20802082 and 30830115)+1 种基金the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2009CB522303 and 2009CB940900)the project of recruited top talent of sciences and technology of Yunnan Province(2006PY01-47).
文摘Four new indole alkaloids,plasiaticines A-D(1-4),together with two known ones,were isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data.All compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity,and all compounds except 4 were tested for their acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibitory activities.
基金Supported by a grant from the Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Malaysia(FF-132-2011)
文摘Objective: To determine the ef ect of Plantago major(P. major) extract on the liver injury following acetaminophen(APAP) toxicity. Methods: The male Sprague Dawley rats(n = 38) were randomly divided into normal control(n = 6) and experiment(n = 32) groups. The latter was subdivided into four groups and induced with APAP(1 000 mg/kg) per oral, followed by P. major extract and N-acetylcysteine orally to the respective groups for six days. Results: On the seventh day, the serum bilirubin, liver enzymes and tissue malondialdehyde were increased in APAP groups whereas the total protein in serum, tissue superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were reduced. The plant extract treatment reduced the histological deteriorations such as aggregation of hepatocellular cords, formation of binucleated cells and vacuolisation of the cells with scanty cytoplasm. It also revealed signii cant reduction of malondialdehyde and increased level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione. The i ndings in the extract treated groups were comparable to the group treated with N-acetylcysteine. Conclusions: In conclusion, P. major can enhance innate antioxidant activity and ameliorate the APAP-induced liver injury.
文摘Coagulation and flocculation are the most important processes in water treatment plants. Nowadays, in Iran, coagulants which have the most usage in water treatment are Aluminum Sulphate (Alum) and Ferric Chlo-ride. Using synthetic coagulants are not economical and useful for health in developing countries. The aim of this research is to survey and compare the Ferric Chloride coagulant function and this coagulant accompany with Plantago ovata coagulant aid under variable pH for eliminating of water turbidity. This study was performed in lab scale for water containing artificial turbidity of clay. The experiments were done in three turbidity ranges 100, 50, 20 NTU and two ranges of pH 7 and 8. The amount of Ferric Chloride in all experiments were 10 ppm and P.ovata extarct in optimum concentration for turbidity of 100, 50, 20 NTU was 0.2 ppm, 0.1 ppm and 0.04 ppm respectively. The optimum pH was 7. Using P.ovata co-agulant aid in turbidity 100, 50, 20 NTU can eliminate 94.1, 94.5, 88.15 percent of above turbidities, while using Ferric Chloride coagulant alone in optimum pH can eliminate 90.3, 85.16, 80.2 percent of the turbid-ities mentioned above. Results show that P.ovata extract is less efficient in high turbidities when used as a coagulant aid. Plantago ovata, as a coagulant aid, showed positive influence on turbidity removal from water. In addition, optimized pH showed important role in reducing turbidity.
文摘The seeds of <i>Plantago</i><span> <i>ovata</i></span>, called psyllium or ispaghula, have been used in the preparation of bulk laxatives. Nowadays, it is also used as an ingredient in bakery and breakfast cereals to increase dietary fiber and to give baking products fluffiness and viscosity. Mostly, there are described cases of occupational allergy that handle <i>Plantago</i><span> <i>ovata</i></span> seeds in powder laxatives and some cases of anaphylaxis after eating products containing psyllium. This case r<span>eport is about a geriatric assistant who had an anaphylactic shock after</span> eating a multigrain gluten-free piece of bread containing psyllium, who presented a positive skin test with psyllium in the allergy study. We recommended to the patient to avoid the ingestion and the inhalation at work of <i>Plantago</i><span> <i>ovata</i></span> seeds and to carry self-injectable adrenaline. With this case, we would like to highlight the growing uses of psyllium, especially in bakery products, and that it can behave like a hidden allergen.
基金All the ethical considerations based on the International Ethical Protocols were considered by the authors and the work was approved by the ethics committee of the Khomein of Medical Sciences University(Approval code:IR.KHOMEIN.REC.1397.003)This study has also been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials(IRCT20100130003227N13)on May 24,2019.
文摘Background:Bedsores are damage or loss of skin integrity due to prolonged pressure which there are several ways to treat and prevent them.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Plantago major L.and Rosa damascene herbal ointment for bedsore healing in hospitalized patients.Methods:This clinical trial study was accomplished with 100 patients divided into control(50 patients)and intervention(50 patients)groups.The control group had received routine treatment(dressing with Comfeel),but the intervention group only had received herbal ointment and then both groups were compared with each other through the pressure ulcer scale for healing(PUSH)tool.Results:The mean and standard deviation of recovery time in the Comfeel group was 27.40±12.467 and in the herbal ointment group was 21.57±12.695.In the pre-intervention evaluation,the mean and standard deviation of the PUSH score in the herbal ointment group was 10.44±0.323 while in the last evaluation in the same group it was 0.68±0.288 but in the Comfeel group,in the pre-intervention evaluation,the mean and standard deviation of the PUSH score was 10.68±0.317,while in the last evaluation it was 1.98±0.472.The highest frequency of bedsores in the study units was in the sacral region(49%)and the lowest frequency was in the sole of the foot with 1%.Conclusion:The results showed that Plantago major L.and Rosa damascene herbal ointment was effective in accelerating recovery time and wound healing.
基金funded by the Foundation for University Key Teacher by Henan Educational Committee (2013GGJS070)the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB954202)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40971150)the China Scholarship Council (201208410020)
文摘Desert ephemeral plants play an important role in desert ecosystem.Soil water availability is considered as the major restrictive factor limiting the growth of ephemeral plants.Moreover,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM fungi) are widely reported to improve the growth of desert ephemerals.The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of that AM fungi could alleviate drought stress of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta,and AM fungal functions reduced with the improvement of soil water content.A pot experiment was carried out with three levels of soil water contents(4.5%,9.0%,and 15.8%(w/w)),and three AM inoculation treatments(Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum and non-inoculation).The results indicate that mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with the increase of soil water availability.Inoculation improved plant growth and N,P and K acquisition in both shoots and roots regardless water treatments.When comparing the two fungi,plants inoculated with G.mosseae performed better than those inoculated with G.etunicatum in terms of plant growth and nutrient acquisition.These results showed that ameliorative soil water did not suppress arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functions in improving growth and nutrient acquisition of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30873364)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Nos.20071102 and 2008-167)
文摘Two phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs), plantamajoside and acteoside, were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of Plantago asiatica for the first time by high performance centrifugal partition chromatography(HPCPC) with ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and water(0.5:0.5:0.1:1, volume ratio) as solvent system. A total of 45.6 mg of plantamajoside and 293.8 mg of acteoside were purified from 1341 mg of the n-butanol extract of P. asiatica, with a purity of >93.3% as determined by HPLC. The HPCPC fractions were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and the structures were identified by their retention time, UV, electrospray ionization multi stage tandem mass spectrometry(ESI-MSn) in the negative ion mode, and confirmed by NMR experiments. The characteristic fragment ions of ESI-MS of the two PhGs isolated from Plantago asiatica were discussed, which are specific and useful for the identification of the structures of PhGs.
基金This work was financially support by Council of ScientificIndustrial Research,India
文摘Plantago psyllium mucilage (PSY), an anionic natural polysaccharide consisting of pentosan and uronic acid obtained from the seeds of Plantago psyllium (Plantago family), was grafted with acrylonitrile (AN). Graft copolymers were prepared by ceric ion initiated solution polymerization technique and were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. These copolymers are good flocculating agents for removal of suspended (SS) and total dissolved solid (TDS) in sewage wastewater treatment. The effects of copolymer dose, pH and contact time on flocculation capacity of one selected copolymer sample were studied by jar test method. The suitable pH range for maximum solid removal was 7.0 to 9.2 and the optimum copolymer dose was 1.2 mg/L. The overall process for solid removal took 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of grafted copolymer, PSY grafted polyacrylonitrile (PSY-g-PAN)and solid waste, before and after treatment are used to suggest the interaction of the solid waste with PSY-g-PAN copolymer.
基金The financial support from the National Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(ZYBZH-C-SH-49,China)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81530095)+1 种基金National Standardization Program for Chinese Medicine(ZYBZH-K-LN-01,China)Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(16DZ0500800,China)are gratefully acknowledged
文摘Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds(1 e9), were isolated from the of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. Structurally, alisolides A-F(1 e6), composed of an oxole group coupled to a five-membered ring, represent unusual C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids. Alisolide H(8) is a novel triterpenoid with an unreported endoperoxide bridge. Alisolide I(9) represents the first example of 23,24-acetal triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, wherein the absolute configurations of 4-6, 8 were further confirmed by the Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD method. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in Caco-2 cells, and all the compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the range of 0.76 e38.20 mmol/L.
