If we have gone through the first generation of housing design that?pursued functional optimization, ergonomics, and circulation efficiency during the last century, now we are living in the second generation where mor...If we have gone through the first generation of housing design that?pursued functional optimization, ergonomics, and circulation efficiency during the last century, now we are living in the second generation where more advanced goals, such as universal design, ubiquitous design, sustainable design, and environment-friendly design, are emphasized. Although this second generation of design focuses upon the wellness of humans in accordance with environment, it still has the attitude that a more precisely designed home can guarantee a better life. What lacks in this approach is the freedom of the body;it needs to make its own choice as to how to use a space. Thus, it is suggested in this paper that what is important in designing a home is to provide alternatives in daily lives so as to make a full exploration of a given space. These alternatives can be made by offering residents an interpretable space where they can figure out space usages and routs in a constantly changing context. Two spatial devices are discussed in depths as a way to realize this interpretable house: room-to-room enfilade and ring spatial structure. By investigating some existing house plans, it is illustrated how they can guarantee the freedom of the body, and thus alternatives for the flexible domestic life.展开更多
Objective:To isolate virulent bacteriophage from environment samples and explore the potential way of decontaminating the environmental wastewater. Methods: The standard plaque assay, negative staining transmission el...Objective:To isolate virulent bacteriophage from environment samples and explore the potential way of decontaminating the environmental wastewater. Methods: The standard plaque assay, negative staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM), genome extraction and nucleases test were used to isolate bacteriophages. Then its morphology and characteristics were examined. Results: A novel bacteriophage XY-1 was isolated from a sewage pond in a hospital. It infected and killed 6 E.coli reference strains. The phage had a round head (diameter 40-50 nm), no tail and the genome was ssRNA of approximately 5.0 kb. It was able to reduce E.coli to an extent of 44.63% to 67.00% when being added into the samples of different raw sewage water, depending on the contact time, the temperature and the phage dose. Conclusion: From the morphology typical and nucleotide characteristics (RNA) of the genome of phage, phage XY-1 appears to be closely related to phage f2. It may have some effects for the control of E.coli in sewage water.展开更多
Valence stabilization of polyvalent ions in acidic solutions during gamma irradiation is an important issue in nuclear aqueous chemical technology. Radiolysis and self irradiation problems encountered during chemical ...Valence stabilization of polyvalent ions in acidic solutions during gamma irradiation is an important issue in nuclear aqueous chemical technology. Radiolysis and self irradiation problems encountered during chemical reprocessing of nuclear fuel or during chemical separation of transuranium elements or fission products are extremely important. Consequently studies on valence stabilization of polyvalent ions in strong gamma irradiation fields are very useful. In our previous publications, the valence stabilization of Fe(II) ions in acidic solutions during continuous gamma irradiation was achieved by using an inorganic compound;such as sodium sulfite, or some organic additives such as aliphatic alcohols, aldehyds or acids prior to irradiation. It was found that the efficiency of valence stabilization depends on the amount and chemical structure of the added compounds. In the present work, valence stabilization of divalent iron during gamma irradiation was studied in presence of some organic additives, belonging to some other classes of organic compounds such as Phenol (aromatic alcohol), Acetone (aliphatic ketone), 4-Aminopyridine (heterocyclic amino compound) and Hydrazine hydrate (aliphatic amino compound) to complement our previous studies. The results showed that valence stabilization of Fe(II) in presence of these compounds depends also on the amount and chemical structure of the additive used. Some interaction mechanisms have been proposed.展开更多
As energy storage systems are typically not installed with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems,any “excess” solar energy exceeding the house load remains unharvested or is exported to the grid.This paper int...As energy storage systems are typically not installed with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems,any “excess” solar energy exceeding the house load remains unharvested or is exported to the grid.This paper introduces an approach towards a system design for improved PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency. As a result, a polyvalent heat pump, offering heating, cooling and domestic hotwater, is considered alongside water storage tanks and batteries. Our method of system analysisbegins with annual hourly thermal loads for heating and cooling a typical Australian house inGeelong, Victoria. These hourly heating and cooling loads are determined using Transient SystemSimulation (TRNSYS) software. The house’s annual hourly electricity consumption is analysed usingsmart meter data downloaded from the power supplier and PV generation data measured with aPV system controller. The results reveal that the proposed system could increase PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency to 41.96% and 86.34%, respectively, resulting in the annual imported energybeing reduced by about 74%. The paper also provides sensitivity analyses for the hot and coldstorage tank sizes, the coefficient of performance of the heat pump, solar PV and battery sizes.After establishing the limits of thermal storage size, a significant impact on self-efficiency can berealised through battery storage. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a polyvalent heatpump together with water storage tanks and, ultimately, batteries to increase PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency. Future work will concentrate on determining a best-fit approach to systemsizing embedded within the TRNSYS simulation tool.展开更多
Pathogenic Escherichia coli cause chicken colibacillosis, which is economically devastating to the poultry in- dustry worldwide （Bagheri et al., 2014）. Owing to in- creasing antibiotic resistance, phage therapy reag...Pathogenic Escherichia coli cause chicken colibacillosis, which is economically devastating to the poultry in- dustry worldwide （Bagheri et al., 2014）. Owing to in- creasing antibiotic resistance, phage therapy reagents have been developed to treat bacterial infections （Xu et al., 2015）.展开更多
Synaptonemal complex (SC for short) spreading in plant is a new technique devel-oped in recent years. It has advantages of fast observation with a light microscope andhigh resolution with an electron microscope, as We...Synaptonemal complex (SC for short) spreading in plant is a new technique devel-oped in recent years. It has advantages of fast observation with a light microscope andhigh resolution with an electron microscope, as Well as the capability of analysingchromosome pairing of zygotene nuclei. This technique has been widely applied not展开更多
文摘If we have gone through the first generation of housing design that?pursued functional optimization, ergonomics, and circulation efficiency during the last century, now we are living in the second generation where more advanced goals, such as universal design, ubiquitous design, sustainable design, and environment-friendly design, are emphasized. Although this second generation of design focuses upon the wellness of humans in accordance with environment, it still has the attitude that a more precisely designed home can guarantee a better life. What lacks in this approach is the freedom of the body;it needs to make its own choice as to how to use a space. Thus, it is suggested in this paper that what is important in designing a home is to provide alternatives in daily lives so as to make a full exploration of a given space. These alternatives can be made by offering residents an interpretable space where they can figure out space usages and routs in a constantly changing context. Two spatial devices are discussed in depths as a way to realize this interpretable house: room-to-room enfilade and ring spatial structure. By investigating some existing house plans, it is illustrated how they can guarantee the freedom of the body, and thus alternatives for the flexible domestic life.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No. 30571637) the Scientific Research Project ofthe Tenth Five-year Plan of PLA (No. 01MA170)
文摘Objective:To isolate virulent bacteriophage from environment samples and explore the potential way of decontaminating the environmental wastewater. Methods: The standard plaque assay, negative staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM), genome extraction and nucleases test were used to isolate bacteriophages. Then its morphology and characteristics were examined. Results: A novel bacteriophage XY-1 was isolated from a sewage pond in a hospital. It infected and killed 6 E.coli reference strains. The phage had a round head (diameter 40-50 nm), no tail and the genome was ssRNA of approximately 5.0 kb. It was able to reduce E.coli to an extent of 44.63% to 67.00% when being added into the samples of different raw sewage water, depending on the contact time, the temperature and the phage dose. Conclusion: From the morphology typical and nucleotide characteristics (RNA) of the genome of phage, phage XY-1 appears to be closely related to phage f2. It may have some effects for the control of E.coli in sewage water.
文摘Valence stabilization of polyvalent ions in acidic solutions during gamma irradiation is an important issue in nuclear aqueous chemical technology. Radiolysis and self irradiation problems encountered during chemical reprocessing of nuclear fuel or during chemical separation of transuranium elements or fission products are extremely important. Consequently studies on valence stabilization of polyvalent ions in strong gamma irradiation fields are very useful. In our previous publications, the valence stabilization of Fe(II) ions in acidic solutions during continuous gamma irradiation was achieved by using an inorganic compound;such as sodium sulfite, or some organic additives such as aliphatic alcohols, aldehyds or acids prior to irradiation. It was found that the efficiency of valence stabilization depends on the amount and chemical structure of the added compounds. In the present work, valence stabilization of divalent iron during gamma irradiation was studied in presence of some organic additives, belonging to some other classes of organic compounds such as Phenol (aromatic alcohol), Acetone (aliphatic ketone), 4-Aminopyridine (heterocyclic amino compound) and Hydrazine hydrate (aliphatic amino compound) to complement our previous studies. The results showed that valence stabilization of Fe(II) in presence of these compounds depends also on the amount and chemical structure of the additive used. Some interaction mechanisms have been proposed.
文摘As energy storage systems are typically not installed with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems,any “excess” solar energy exceeding the house load remains unharvested or is exported to the grid.This paper introduces an approach towards a system design for improved PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency. As a result, a polyvalent heat pump, offering heating, cooling and domestic hotwater, is considered alongside water storage tanks and batteries. Our method of system analysisbegins with annual hourly thermal loads for heating and cooling a typical Australian house inGeelong, Victoria. These hourly heating and cooling loads are determined using Transient SystemSimulation (TRNSYS) software. The house’s annual hourly electricity consumption is analysed usingsmart meter data downloaded from the power supplier and PV generation data measured with aPV system controller. The results reveal that the proposed system could increase PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency to 41.96% and 86.34%, respectively, resulting in the annual imported energybeing reduced by about 74%. The paper also provides sensitivity analyses for the hot and coldstorage tank sizes, the coefficient of performance of the heat pump, solar PV and battery sizes.After establishing the limits of thermal storage size, a significant impact on self-efficiency can berealised through battery storage. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a polyvalent heatpump together with water storage tanks and, ultimately, batteries to increase PV self-consumptionand self-sufficiency. Future work will concentrate on determining a best-fit approach to systemsizing embedded within the TRNSYS simulation tool.
基金supported by grants from the Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (grant nos.ZR2013CQ024 and ZR2015CM020)
文摘Pathogenic Escherichia coli cause chicken colibacillosis, which is economically devastating to the poultry in- dustry worldwide （Bagheri et al., 2014）. Owing to in- creasing antibiotic resistance, phage therapy reagents have been developed to treat bacterial infections （Xu et al., 2015）.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Foundation of China.
文摘Synaptonemal complex (SC for short) spreading in plant is a new technique devel-oped in recent years. It has advantages of fast observation with a light microscope andhigh resolution with an electron microscope, as Well as the capability of analysingchromosome pairing of zygotene nuclei. This technique has been widely applied not
