Xiazhuang uranium ore field,located in the southern part of the Nanling Metallogenic Belt,is considered one of the largest granite-related U regions in South China.In this paper,we contribute new apatite fission track...Xiazhuang uranium ore field,located in the southern part of the Nanling Metallogenic Belt,is considered one of the largest granite-related U regions in South China.In this paper,we contribute new apatite fission track data and thermal history modeling to constrain the exhumation history and evaluate preservation potential of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.Nine Triassic outcrop granite samples collected from different locations of Xiazhuang Uranium ore field yield AFT ages ranging from 43 to 24 Ma with similar mean confined fission track lengths ranging from 11.8±2.0 to 12.9±1.9μm and Dpar values between 1.01 and 1.51μm.The robustness time-temperature reconstructions of samples from the hanging wall of Huangpi fault show that the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field experienced a time of monotonous and slow cooling starting from middle Paleocene to middle Miocene(~60-10 Ma),followed by relatively rapid exhumation in the late Miocene(~10-5 Ma)and nearly thermal stability in the Pliocene-Quaternary(~5-0 Ma).The amount of exhumation after U mineralization since the Middle Paleogene was estimated as~4.3±1.8 km according to the integrated thermal history model.Previous studies indicate that the ore-forming ages of U deposits in the Xiazhuang ore field are mainly before Middle Paleocene and the mineralization depths are more than 4.4±1.2 km.Therefore,the exhumation history since middle Paleocene plays important roles in the preservation of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.展开更多
Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various soils.However,for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure,there is an additional need to regulate the water content...Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various soils.However,for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure,there is an additional need to regulate the water contents in the covers to maintain vegetation growth in semiarid conditions.In this study,biochar‐amended soil was combined with subsurface drip irrigation,and the water preservation characteristics of this treatment were investigated through a series of one‐dimensional soil column tests.To ascertain the best treatment method specific to semiarid climatic conditions,the test soil was amended with 0%,1%,3%,and 5%biochar.Automatic irrigation devices equipped with soil moisture sensors were used to control the subsurface water content with the aim of enhancing vegetation growth.Each soil column test lasted 150 h,during which the volumetric water contents and soil suction data were recorded.The experimental results reveal that the soil specimen amended with 3%biochar is the most water‐saving regardless of the time cost.Soil with a higher biochar content(e.g.,5%)consumes a more significant amount of water due to the enhancement of the water‐holding capacity.Based on the experimental results,it can be concluded that the appropriate ratio can be determined within 1%–3%,which can reduce not only the amount of irrigated/used water but also the time cost.Such technology can be explored for water content regulation in green infrastructure and the development of barriers for protecting the environment around deep underground waste containment.展开更多
The preservation of anatomical pieces in Veterinary Anatomy is essential since it is not possible to dissect all domestic species. Most techniques use reagents with high levels of toxicity such as formaldehyde. The ob...The preservation of anatomical pieces in Veterinary Anatomy is essential since it is not possible to dissect all domestic species. Most techniques use reagents with high levels of toxicity such as formaldehyde. The objective of this work was to develop a new preservation technique that uses reagents with zero toxicity and that allows obtaining preserved pieces suitable for anatomical studies. The alcohol propylene glycol technique was developed, the method of which uses a fixation step with alcohol, sodium chloride, commercial vinegar and subsequently the impregnation of the preservation solution made from propylene glycol and commercial vinegar, which are non-toxic. As a result of this work, adequately preserved sheep hearts were obtained that preserved their morphology with slight changes in size and weight, which did not affect their external and internal anatomical structure. Its coloration was not substantially affected, remaining a little lighter. The pieces obtained showed flexibility which allowed dissections to be carried out. The time to develop the technique was 20 days. A comparative study was carried out with the phenolated glycerin technique that uses toxic reagents (formaldehyde and phenol) and the pieces obtained with the alcohol propylene glycol technique were of better quality, observing that the pieces with phenolated glycerin tend to darken and are more rigid. And the time to develop the technique is 24 days. In conclusion, a preservation technique for anatomical pieces was developed that allowed the preservation of the organs under study, which allow their use for anatomical studies, and which have been preserved without changes until the time of this publication (8 months) and there are pieces preserved with this technique for 2 years.展开更多
Mitochondrial organelle transplantation (MOT) is an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction such as cardiac ischemic reperfusion injuries, Parkinson’s diseases, brain and spinal cord injuri...Mitochondrial organelle transplantation (MOT) is an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction such as cardiac ischemic reperfusion injuries, Parkinson’s diseases, brain and spinal cord injuries, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, one of the major challenges for widespread usage is a methodology for preservation of isolated mitochondria. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles released from cells. EVs carry a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, and even organelles such as mitochondria. Purpose: To test if EVs enhance the stability of isolated mitochondria. Methods: We mixed isolated mitochondria of fibroblasts with EVs of mesenchymal stromal cells (imEVs) (9:1 in volume) and stored the mixture at 2°C - 6°C for different time periods. We measured morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial ATP content at 0, 2, 5 days. Key findings: After 2 days of storage, the mito-chondria without imEVs lost approximate 70% MMP (RFU: 1822 ± 68), compared to the fresh mitochondria (RFU: 5458 ± 52) (p 0.05). In agreement with MMP, mitochondria without imEVs lost significant mitochondrial ATP content (p 0.05), after 2 days of cold storage, compared to fresh mitochondria. Microscopy showed that imEVs promoted aggregation of isolated mitochondria. Summary: The preliminary data showed that imEVs enhanced the stability of isolated mitochondria in cold storage.展开更多
Objective:With the increasing application of vascular reconstruction in surgical procedures,allogeneic vessels are becoming more popular in clinical practice due to their abundant sources,precise diameter matching,imp...Objective:With the increasing application of vascular reconstruction in surgical procedures,allogeneic vessels are becoming more popular in clinical practice due to their abundant sources,precise diameter matching,improved histocompatibility,and higher long-term patency rate.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of various preservation solutions on the function and structure of the isolated rat abdominal aorta preserved under hypothermal conditions.Methods:The study utilized a total of 150 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats,with 144 rats allocated to the experimental groups and 6 rats allocated to the control groups.The abdominal aorta of the rats was chosen as the subject of our research.The aorta in the experimental groups were randomly assigned to 4 groups:University of Wisconsin(UW)solution group,histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)solution group,normal saline(NS)group,and sodium lactate Ringer's solution(RS)group.Samples were subjected to examination after preservation periods of 1 day,3 days,5 days,7 days,14 days,30 days,and 90 days.Evaluation of vascular physiological function involved detecting and assessing vasoconstriction ability and measuring cell viability through the MTT test.Evaluation of the vascular wall structure involved tension tolerance tests and pathological staining.Results:The pathogen-positive rate in the HTK group and NS group at 1 month was 16.7%.Regarding the vascular skeleton structure,both the UW group and HTK group exhibited intact structures after 2 weeks of preservation,with slightly edematous collagen and elastic fibers,which was significantly better than that of the NS group and RS group.In terms of cell activity and contractile function,all preservation groups showed similar effects within 2 weeks.However,after 2 weeks,the UW group showed the most favorable preservation effect(P<0.05).In terms of vascular tension,different groups exhibited similar effects within 1 week.However,after 2 weeks,the UW group showed the best preservation effect(P<0.05).Conclusion:All 4 types of preservation solution had a preservation effect on the structure and function of isolated blood vessels during short-term hypothermal preservation.However,after 2-week preservation,the UW solution was found to be the most suitable solution for the preservation of blood vessels.展开更多
Online Social Networks (OSN) sites allow end-users to share agreat deal of information, which may also contain sensitive information,that may be subject to commercial or non-commercial privacy attacks. Asa result, gua...Online Social Networks (OSN) sites allow end-users to share agreat deal of information, which may also contain sensitive information,that may be subject to commercial or non-commercial privacy attacks. Asa result, guaranteeing various levels of privacy is critical while publishingdata by OSNs. The clustering-based solutions proved an effective mechanismto achieve the privacy notions in OSNs. But fixed clustering limits theperformance and scalability. Data utility degrades with increased privacy,so balancing the privacy utility trade-off is an open research issue. Theresearch has proposed a novel privacy preservation model using the enhancedclustering mechanism to overcome this issue. The proposed model includesphases like pre-processing, enhanced clustering, and ensuring privacy preservation.The enhanced clustering algorithm is the second phase where authorsmodified the existing fixed k-means clustering using the threshold approach.The threshold value is determined based on the supplied OSN data of edges,nodes, and user attributes. Clusters are k-anonymized with multiple graphproperties by a novel one-pass algorithm. After achieving the k-anonymityof clusters, optimization was performed to achieve all privacy models, suchas k-anonymity, t-closeness, and l-diversity. The proposed privacy frameworkachieves privacy of all three network components, i.e., link, node, and userattributes, with improved utility. The authors compare the proposed techniqueto underlying methods using OSN Yelp and Facebook datasets. The proposedapproach outperformed the underlying state of art methods for Degree ofAnonymization, computational efficiency, and information loss.展开更多
The Qiangtang Basin of the Tibetan Plateau,located in the eastern Tethys tectonic domain,is the largest new marine petroliferous region for exploration in China.The scientific drilling project consisting primarily of ...The Qiangtang Basin of the Tibetan Plateau,located in the eastern Tethys tectonic domain,is the largest new marine petroliferous region for exploration in China.The scientific drilling project consisting primarily of well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes for geological surveys(also referred to as the Project)completed in recent years contributes to a series of new discoveries and insights into the oil and gas preservation conditions and source rock evaluation of the Qiangtang Basin.These findings differ from previous views that the Qiangtang Basin has poor oil and gas preservation conditions and lacks high-quality source rocks.As revealed by well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes in the Project,the Qiangtang Basin hosts two sets of high-quality regional seals,namely an anhydrite layer in the Quemo Co Formation and the gypsum-bearing mudstones in the Xiali Formation.Moreover,the Qiangtang Basin has favorable oil and gas preservation conditions,as verified by the comprehensive study of the sealing capacity of seals,basin structure,tectonic uplift,magmatic activity,and groundwater motion.Furthermore,the shallow boreholes have also revealed that the Qiangtang Basin has high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation,which are thick and widely distributed according to the geological and geophysical data.In addition,the petroleum geological conditions,such as the type,abundance,and thermal evolution of organic matter,indicate that the Qiangtang Basin has great hydrocarbon-generating potential.展开更多
Uplift and exhumation are important factors affecting the preservation of deposits.The anatomy of uplift-cooling evolution and exhumation in the East Longshou Mountain is of significant research value in understanding...Uplift and exhumation are important factors affecting the preservation of deposits.The anatomy of uplift-cooling evolution and exhumation in the East Longshou Mountain is of significant research value in understanding changes in the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit since its formation.This study uses apatite fission track(AFT)thermochronology to reconstruct the thermal history of the East Longshou Mountain,including the Jinchuan mine,revealing the uplift and exhumation history of the East Longshou Mountain and elucidating the preservation status of the Jinchuan deposit.The AFT ages in the East Longshou Mountain are distributed from 62.3±3.0 Ma to 214.7±14 Ma,with significant differences in ages in distinct areas,the central and pooled ages being consistent within the margin of error.Inverse thermal history models reveal two rapid cooling events associated with exhumation from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous(200–100 Ma)and since the Miocene(15–0 Ma),the former attributable to the far-afield response to the closure of the PaleoTethys Ocean and plate assembly at the southern margin of Eurasia,the latter associated with the initial India-Eurasia plate collision.A slow cooling event from the Early Cretaceous to the Miocene(100–15 Ma)is thought to be related to the arid environment in northwest China since the Cretaceous.These cooling events have diverse responses and cooling rates in different blocks of the East Longshou Mountain:the southwest and centre of which are mainly cooled over 200–120 Ma and 120–0 Ma,with cooling rates of~0.25 and~0.33°C/Ma(~1.25 and~0.33°C/Ma in the centre);the Jinchuan mine primarily cooled over 160–100 Ma,100–15 Ma and 15–0 Ma,with cooling rates of~1.33,~0.25 and~2.00°C/Ma.These differentiated coolings imply that the uplift of the East Longshou Mountain before the Miocene(~15 Ma)was integral.Strong uplift then occurred in the vicinity of the mining area,which is a critical period for the uplift of the Jinchuan deposit to the surface,meaning that the Jinchuan deposit was exposed no earlier than the Miocene(~15 Ma).Based on mineralization depth information obtained by previous researchers,in conjunction with the calculation and simulation results of this study,it can be seen that the bulk of the Jinchuan intrusion may still be preserved at depth.展开更多
Suspended particulate barite crystals were detected in the water columns at four different stations near the 90°E ridge in the Indian Ocean.Four distinct morphological types of marine barites were distinguished:e...Suspended particulate barite crystals were detected in the water columns at four different stations near the 90°E ridge in the Indian Ocean.Four distinct morphological types of marine barites were distinguished:euhedral-subhedral crystals,oval or round crystals,rhombic crystals,and irregular crystals.The barite crystals in the study area are typically fine,with a dominant size of 1–3μm.The vertical distribution of barites is significantly affected by the formation and sedimentation processes.Barites begin to appear at a depth of 30 m and are formed primarily from the surface to the depth of 2000m with a concentration peak at the depth of 200m,where particles are coarser than those in the other layers.The barites begin to settle and dissolve once formed in the water column,resulting in finer barite particles and lower particle concentrations.The formation of barite crystals is related to biological processes associated with the decomposition of barium-rich skeletons in the microenvironment of decaying organic matter that is affected by the primary productivity and dissolved oxygen content in the water column.The dissolving process of barite crystals showed similar variation with the concentration of dissolved barium in ocean water,and the substitution of strontium for barite in crystals promotes the selective dissolution of barite and exerts an important impact on its morphology.It is approximately 33%of barites in the amount and 22%in the concentration to settle to the bottom of the water column compared to that observed in the main barite formation zone.展开更多
The issue of plastic pollution has attracted widespread social attention.Gelatin is valued as a degradable bio-based material,especially as an edible active packaging material.However,the commonly used solution-castin...The issue of plastic pollution has attracted widespread social attention.Gelatin is valued as a degradable bio-based material,especially as an edible active packaging material.However,the commonly used solution-casting filmforming technology limits the mass production of gelatin films.In order to improve the production efficiency and enhance the commercial value of gelatin films,in this study,fish gelatin(FG)particles were successfully blended with essential oils(EOs)to prepare active films by melt extrusion technique,a common method for commercial plastics,and applied to bread preservation.FG and EOs showed good compatibility with each other.The elongation at break was enhanced in all samples of films containing EOs.The addition of EOs weakened the oxygen barrier properties of the FG films.The gelatin films containing clove EO showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging rate of 39.38%.The films containing oregano EO showed the highest antibacterial activity,with 98.84%and 99.86% against S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The bread preservation results showed a slower microbial growth rate in the samples preserved by the active films.The bread samples preserved in commercial PE film showed mold on day 3,and the bread samples preserved in active gelatin film showed mold visible to the naked eye by day 7.This study demonstrates the potential of gelatin-based activated films for commercial application in baked goods preservation.展开更多
Due to improper acquisition settings and other noise artifacts,the image degraded to yield poor mean preservation in brightness.The simplest way to improve the preservation is the implementation of histogram equalizat...Due to improper acquisition settings and other noise artifacts,the image degraded to yield poor mean preservation in brightness.The simplest way to improve the preservation is the implementation of histogram equalization.Because of over-enhancement,it failed to preserve the mean brightness and produce the poor quality of the image.This paper proposes a multi-scale decomposi-tion for brightness preservation using gamma correction.After transformation to hue,saturation and intensity(HSI)channel,the 2D-discrete wavelet transform decomposed the intensity component into low and high-pass coefficients.At the next phase,gamma correction is used by auto-tuning the scale value.The scale is the modified constant value used in the logarithmic function.Further,the scale value is optimized to obtain better visual quality in the image.The optimized value is the weighted distribution of standard deviation-mean of low pass coefficients.Finally,the experimental result is estimated in terms of quality assessment measures used as absolute mean brightness error,the measure of information detail,signal to noise ratio and patch-based contrast quality in the image.By comparison,the proposed method proved to be suitably remarkable in retaining the mean brightness and better visual quality of the image.展开更多
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, constituting 25% of all cancer diagnoses. Even though it is only affecting 4% - 6% of women under the age of 40, it remains the most...Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, constituting 25% of all cancer diagnoses. Even though it is only affecting 4% - 6% of women under the age of 40, it remains the most common malignancy among younger patients. Advancement in the treatment and earlier detection gives excellent 5 years of survival. However, the standard treatment that comprises surgical-chemo radiation therapy or hormonal treatment often results in an increased incidence of treatment-induced infertility. Therefore, adding fertility preservation to primary cancer treatment may offer the best opportunity for future fertility. However, despite advancements in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), the uptake of fertility services in this group remains low. In this review, we highlighted the effect of all breast cancer treatments on women’s fertility, the effectiveness and safety of ART in breast cancer patients as well as the safety of pregnancy in breast cancer survivors. Our aim is to improve awareness of fertility preservation for breast cancer to ensure all women diagnosed with breast cancer have multidisciplinary approaches with early referral to fertility specialists to discuss regarding potential risks and benefits of fertility preservation to improve the uptake of fertility preservation among this group of patients.展开更多
In this paper,the fault-tolerant formation control(FTFC)problem is investigated for a group of uncertain nonholonomic mobile robots with limited communication ranges and unpredicted actuator faults,where the communica...In this paper,the fault-tolerant formation control(FTFC)problem is investigated for a group of uncertain nonholonomic mobile robots with limited communication ranges and unpredicted actuator faults,where the communication between the robots is in a directed one-to-one way.In order to guarantee the connectivity preservation and collision avoidance among the robots,some properly chosen performance functions are incorporated into the controller to per-assign the asymmetrical bounds for relative distance and bearing angle between each pair of adjacent mobile robots.Particularly,the resultant control scheme remains at a costeffective level because its design does not use any velocity information from neighbors,any prior knowledge of system nonlinearities or any nonlinear approximator to account for them despite the presence of modeling uncertainties,unknown external disturbances,and unexpected actuator faults.Meanwhile,each follower is derived to track the leader with the tracking errors regarding relative distance and bearing angle subject to prescribed transient and steady-state performance guarantees,respectively.Moreover,all the closed-loop signals are ensured to be ultimately uniformly bounded.Finally,a numerical example is simulated to verify the effectiveness of this methodology.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to study the effect of magnetic field technology on physicochemical properties of fresh-cut apple during storage.[Methods]Using fresh-cut apples as materials,magnetic field assisted refrigera...[Objectives]The paper was to study the effect of magnetic field technology on physicochemical properties of fresh-cut apple during storage.[Methods]Using fresh-cut apples as materials,magnetic field assisted refrigeration and conventional refrigeration control groups were set up,and the preservation effects of magnetic field assisted refrigeration on fresh-cut apples were tested by measuring the changes of microorganisms and physicochemical indicators.In this experiment,the conditions of magnetic field assisted refrigeration group was set as follows:temperature 4℃,magnetic field intensity 5 mT,static magnetic field,and storage for 6 d.[Results]At 6 d post storage,the weight loss rate,total number of colonies and total number of fungi of fresh-cut apples increased;the L value and hardness showed a downward trend;the soluble solid content first increased and then decreased;and the total acid decreased first and then increased.The above indicators in magnetic field assisted refrigeration group changed more gently than that in conventional refrigeration group.Compared with conventional assisted refrigeration,the weight loss rate of fresh-cut apples treated by magnetic field combined with 4℃refrigeration was reduced by 68.00%;the hardness was increased by 12.23%;the total number of colonies and total number of fungi were reduced by 64.15%and 37.50%;and the L value did not change much.High content of soluble solids and total acid was maintained.[Conclusions]Magnetic field assisted refrigeration delays quality deterioration of fresh-cut apples during storage,prolongs shelf life,and further improves their edible quality and commodity value.展开更多
Obesity has been growing in Brazil and in the world. It is reaching epidemic proportions, and bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients with this disease. Among the procedures described in the lit...Obesity has been growing in Brazil and in the world. It is reaching epidemic proportions, and bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients with this disease. Among the procedures described in the literature, ileal surgeries such as biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) and single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) present better long-term results in terms of weight loss and comorbidities control. However, there are concerns regarding long term nutritional problems with these procedures. In this case report the aim is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of preserving an extended duodenal bulb segment, in the SADIS-S procedure, when there are difficulties in dissecting the retrobulbar region, as occurred here, due to fibrosis in this area. This assures the maintenance of the proposed surgical technique, in such a situation. The dissection and transection of the duodenum was done 7 cm distally to the pylorus, under endoscopic view, proximally to the papillae, where the tissue was normal. Additionally, due the importance of the duodenal mucosa on minerals and trace elements absorption and the release of important hormones in this region, this case report elicits the evaluation of the impact of this technical modification, which occurred casually, in the nutritional, hormonal and metabolic results, long term. In this case report, the extended duodenal length has demonstrated reasonable weight loss, adequate comorbidities control and good nutritional status, so far. These aspects must be evaluated in the long term, by clinical trials.展开更多
The preservation of polychromy in 20th century architecture is here considered from both theoretical and operational perspectives.A further theme is that of polymatericity,which addresses issues related to the experim...The preservation of polychromy in 20th century architecture is here considered from both theoretical and operational perspectives.A further theme is that of polymatericity,which addresses issues related to the experimental context with reference to the materials and technologies employed.The passage of time and the lack of durability of innovative materials,the transformations and the presence of forms of alteration and degradation,pose problems related to the will and the possibility of preserving layering,without falling into the restoration of the presumed original document,in relation to the authorial project documentation and the underlying theories.展开更多
The deep learning models hold considerable potential for clinical applications, but there are many challenges to successfully training deep learning models. Large-scale data collection is required, which is frequently...The deep learning models hold considerable potential for clinical applications, but there are many challenges to successfully training deep learning models. Large-scale data collection is required, which is frequently only possible through multi-institutional cooperation. Building large central repositories is one strategy for multi-institution studies. However, this is hampered by issues regarding data sharing, including patient privacy, data de-identification, regulation, intellectual property, and data storage. These difficulties have lessened the impracticality of central data storage. In this survey, we will look at 24 research publications that concentrate on machine learning approaches linked to privacy preservation techniques for multi-institutional data, highlighting the multiple shortcomings of the existing methodologies. Researching different approaches will be made simpler in this case based on a number of factors, such as performance measures, year of publication and journals, achievements of the strategies in numerical assessments, and other factors. A technique analysis that considers the benefits and drawbacks of the strategies is additionally provided. The article also looks at some potential areas for future research as well as the challenges associated with increasing the accuracy of privacy protection techniques. The comparative evaluation of the approaches offers a thorough justification for the research’s purpose.展开更多
Hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in multiple spatial dimensions display features absent in the one-dimensional case,such as involutions and non-trivial stationary states.These features need to be captured by nu...Hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in multiple spatial dimensions display features absent in the one-dimensional case,such as involutions and non-trivial stationary states.These features need to be captured by numerical methods without excessive grid refine-ment.The active flux method is an extension of the finite volume scheme with additional point values distributed along the cell boundary.For the equations of linear acoustics,an exact evolution operator can be used for the update of these point values.It incorporates all multi-dimensional information.The active flux method is stationarity preserving,i.e.,it discretizes all the stationary states of the PDE.This paper demonstrates the experimental evidence for the discrete stationary states of the active flux method and shows the evolution of setups towards a discrete stationary state.展开更多
On average,over 25000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 45 annually in the United States.Because an increasing number of young women delay childbearing to later life for various reasons,a growing...On average,over 25000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 45 annually in the United States.Because an increasing number of young women delay childbearing to later life for various reasons,a growing population of women experience breast cancer before completing childbearing.In this context,preservation of fertility potential of breast cancer survivors has become an essential concept in modern cancer care.In this review,we will outline the currently available fertility preservation options for women with breast cancer of reproductive age,discuss the controversy behind hormonal suppression for gonadal protection against chemotherapy and highlight the importance of timely referral by cancer care providers.展开更多
With the decline in male fertility in recent years,strategies for male fertility preservation have received increasing attention.In this study,by reviewing current treatments and recent publications,we describe resear...With the decline in male fertility in recent years,strategies for male fertility preservation have received increasing attention.In this study,by reviewing current treatments and recent publications,we describe research progress in and the future directions of stem cell-based therapies for male fertility preservation,focusing on the use of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs),SSC niches,SSC-based testicular organoids,other stem cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells,and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.In conclusion,a more comprehensive understanding of the germ cell microenvironment,stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,and testicular organoids will play an important role in achieving male fertility preservation.展开更多
基金the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment(Grant Nos.NRE2021-01,2022NRE34)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42162013)+1 种基金the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(Grant No.2022xjkk1301)the Fund of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Remote Sensing Information and imagery Analysis,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology(Grant No.6142A01210405).
文摘Xiazhuang uranium ore field,located in the southern part of the Nanling Metallogenic Belt,is considered one of the largest granite-related U regions in South China.In this paper,we contribute new apatite fission track data and thermal history modeling to constrain the exhumation history and evaluate preservation potential of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.Nine Triassic outcrop granite samples collected from different locations of Xiazhuang Uranium ore field yield AFT ages ranging from 43 to 24 Ma with similar mean confined fission track lengths ranging from 11.8±2.0 to 12.9±1.9μm and Dpar values between 1.01 and 1.51μm.The robustness time-temperature reconstructions of samples from the hanging wall of Huangpi fault show that the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field experienced a time of monotonous and slow cooling starting from middle Paleocene to middle Miocene(~60-10 Ma),followed by relatively rapid exhumation in the late Miocene(~10-5 Ma)and nearly thermal stability in the Pliocene-Quaternary(~5-0 Ma).The amount of exhumation after U mineralization since the Middle Paleogene was estimated as~4.3±1.8 km according to the integrated thermal history model.Previous studies indicate that the ore-forming ages of U deposits in the Xiazhuang ore field are mainly before Middle Paleocene and the mineralization depths are more than 4.4±1.2 km.Therefore,the exhumation history since middle Paleocene plays important roles in the preservation of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.
基金Foundation of China(Grant No.52261160382)for financial support.
文摘Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various soils.However,for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure,there is an additional need to regulate the water contents in the covers to maintain vegetation growth in semiarid conditions.In this study,biochar‐amended soil was combined with subsurface drip irrigation,and the water preservation characteristics of this treatment were investigated through a series of one‐dimensional soil column tests.To ascertain the best treatment method specific to semiarid climatic conditions,the test soil was amended with 0%,1%,3%,and 5%biochar.Automatic irrigation devices equipped with soil moisture sensors were used to control the subsurface water content with the aim of enhancing vegetation growth.Each soil column test lasted 150 h,during which the volumetric water contents and soil suction data were recorded.The experimental results reveal that the soil specimen amended with 3%biochar is the most water‐saving regardless of the time cost.Soil with a higher biochar content(e.g.,5%)consumes a more significant amount of water due to the enhancement of the water‐holding capacity.Based on the experimental results,it can be concluded that the appropriate ratio can be determined within 1%–3%,which can reduce not only the amount of irrigated/used water but also the time cost.Such technology can be explored for water content regulation in green infrastructure and the development of barriers for protecting the environment around deep underground waste containment.
文摘The preservation of anatomical pieces in Veterinary Anatomy is essential since it is not possible to dissect all domestic species. Most techniques use reagents with high levels of toxicity such as formaldehyde. The objective of this work was to develop a new preservation technique that uses reagents with zero toxicity and that allows obtaining preserved pieces suitable for anatomical studies. The alcohol propylene glycol technique was developed, the method of which uses a fixation step with alcohol, sodium chloride, commercial vinegar and subsequently the impregnation of the preservation solution made from propylene glycol and commercial vinegar, which are non-toxic. As a result of this work, adequately preserved sheep hearts were obtained that preserved their morphology with slight changes in size and weight, which did not affect their external and internal anatomical structure. Its coloration was not substantially affected, remaining a little lighter. The pieces obtained showed flexibility which allowed dissections to be carried out. The time to develop the technique was 20 days. A comparative study was carried out with the phenolated glycerin technique that uses toxic reagents (formaldehyde and phenol) and the pieces obtained with the alcohol propylene glycol technique were of better quality, observing that the pieces with phenolated glycerin tend to darken and are more rigid. And the time to develop the technique is 24 days. In conclusion, a preservation technique for anatomical pieces was developed that allowed the preservation of the organs under study, which allow their use for anatomical studies, and which have been preserved without changes until the time of this publication (8 months) and there are pieces preserved with this technique for 2 years.
文摘Mitochondrial organelle transplantation (MOT) is an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction such as cardiac ischemic reperfusion injuries, Parkinson’s diseases, brain and spinal cord injuries, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, one of the major challenges for widespread usage is a methodology for preservation of isolated mitochondria. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles released from cells. EVs carry a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, and even organelles such as mitochondria. Purpose: To test if EVs enhance the stability of isolated mitochondria. Methods: We mixed isolated mitochondria of fibroblasts with EVs of mesenchymal stromal cells (imEVs) (9:1 in volume) and stored the mixture at 2°C - 6°C for different time periods. We measured morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial ATP content at 0, 2, 5 days. Key findings: After 2 days of storage, the mito-chondria without imEVs lost approximate 70% MMP (RFU: 1822 ± 68), compared to the fresh mitochondria (RFU: 5458 ± 52) (p 0.05). In agreement with MMP, mitochondria without imEVs lost significant mitochondrial ATP content (p 0.05), after 2 days of cold storage, compared to fresh mitochondria. Microscopy showed that imEVs promoted aggregation of isolated mitochondria. Summary: The preliminary data showed that imEVs enhanced the stability of isolated mitochondria in cold storage.
文摘Objective:With the increasing application of vascular reconstruction in surgical procedures,allogeneic vessels are becoming more popular in clinical practice due to their abundant sources,precise diameter matching,improved histocompatibility,and higher long-term patency rate.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of various preservation solutions on the function and structure of the isolated rat abdominal aorta preserved under hypothermal conditions.Methods:The study utilized a total of 150 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats,with 144 rats allocated to the experimental groups and 6 rats allocated to the control groups.The abdominal aorta of the rats was chosen as the subject of our research.The aorta in the experimental groups were randomly assigned to 4 groups:University of Wisconsin(UW)solution group,histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)solution group,normal saline(NS)group,and sodium lactate Ringer's solution(RS)group.Samples were subjected to examination after preservation periods of 1 day,3 days,5 days,7 days,14 days,30 days,and 90 days.Evaluation of vascular physiological function involved detecting and assessing vasoconstriction ability and measuring cell viability through the MTT test.Evaluation of the vascular wall structure involved tension tolerance tests and pathological staining.Results:The pathogen-positive rate in the HTK group and NS group at 1 month was 16.7%.Regarding the vascular skeleton structure,both the UW group and HTK group exhibited intact structures after 2 weeks of preservation,with slightly edematous collagen and elastic fibers,which was significantly better than that of the NS group and RS group.In terms of cell activity and contractile function,all preservation groups showed similar effects within 2 weeks.However,after 2 weeks,the UW group showed the most favorable preservation effect(P<0.05).In terms of vascular tension,different groups exhibited similar effects within 1 week.However,after 2 weeks,the UW group showed the best preservation effect(P<0.05).Conclusion:All 4 types of preservation solution had a preservation effect on the structure and function of isolated blood vessels during short-term hypothermal preservation.However,after 2-week preservation,the UW solution was found to be the most suitable solution for the preservation of blood vessels.
文摘Online Social Networks (OSN) sites allow end-users to share agreat deal of information, which may also contain sensitive information,that may be subject to commercial or non-commercial privacy attacks. Asa result, guaranteeing various levels of privacy is critical while publishingdata by OSNs. The clustering-based solutions proved an effective mechanismto achieve the privacy notions in OSNs. But fixed clustering limits theperformance and scalability. Data utility degrades with increased privacy,so balancing the privacy utility trade-off is an open research issue. Theresearch has proposed a novel privacy preservation model using the enhancedclustering mechanism to overcome this issue. The proposed model includesphases like pre-processing, enhanced clustering, and ensuring privacy preservation.The enhanced clustering algorithm is the second phase where authorsmodified the existing fixed k-means clustering using the threshold approach.The threshold value is determined based on the supplied OSN data of edges,nodes, and user attributes. Clusters are k-anonymized with multiple graphproperties by a novel one-pass algorithm. After achieving the k-anonymityof clusters, optimization was performed to achieve all privacy models, suchas k-anonymity, t-closeness, and l-diversity. The proposed privacy frameworkachieves privacy of all three network components, i.e., link, node, and userattributes, with improved utility. The authors compare the proposed techniqueto underlying methods using OSN Yelp and Facebook datasets. The proposedapproach outperformed the underlying state of art methods for Degree ofAnonymization, computational efficiency, and information loss.
基金funded by projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91955204,42241202)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK080301)a project entitled Tectonics,Sedimentation,Evolution,and Basic Petroleum Geology of the Qiangtang Basin(2021DJ0801)of the Forward-looking Basic Subjects of PetroChina’s 14th Five-Year Plan.
文摘The Qiangtang Basin of the Tibetan Plateau,located in the eastern Tethys tectonic domain,is the largest new marine petroliferous region for exploration in China.The scientific drilling project consisting primarily of well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes for geological surveys(also referred to as the Project)completed in recent years contributes to a series of new discoveries and insights into the oil and gas preservation conditions and source rock evaluation of the Qiangtang Basin.These findings differ from previous views that the Qiangtang Basin has poor oil and gas preservation conditions and lacks high-quality source rocks.As revealed by well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes in the Project,the Qiangtang Basin hosts two sets of high-quality regional seals,namely an anhydrite layer in the Quemo Co Formation and the gypsum-bearing mudstones in the Xiali Formation.Moreover,the Qiangtang Basin has favorable oil and gas preservation conditions,as verified by the comprehensive study of the sealing capacity of seals,basin structure,tectonic uplift,magmatic activity,and groundwater motion.Furthermore,the shallow boreholes have also revealed that the Qiangtang Basin has high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation,which are thick and widely distributed according to the geological and geophysical data.In addition,the petroleum geological conditions,such as the type,abundance,and thermal evolution of organic matter,indicate that the Qiangtang Basin has great hydrocarbon-generating potential.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.92162213)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(Grant No.300102272205)。
文摘Uplift and exhumation are important factors affecting the preservation of deposits.The anatomy of uplift-cooling evolution and exhumation in the East Longshou Mountain is of significant research value in understanding changes in the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit since its formation.This study uses apatite fission track(AFT)thermochronology to reconstruct the thermal history of the East Longshou Mountain,including the Jinchuan mine,revealing the uplift and exhumation history of the East Longshou Mountain and elucidating the preservation status of the Jinchuan deposit.The AFT ages in the East Longshou Mountain are distributed from 62.3±3.0 Ma to 214.7±14 Ma,with significant differences in ages in distinct areas,the central and pooled ages being consistent within the margin of error.Inverse thermal history models reveal two rapid cooling events associated with exhumation from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous(200–100 Ma)and since the Miocene(15–0 Ma),the former attributable to the far-afield response to the closure of the PaleoTethys Ocean and plate assembly at the southern margin of Eurasia,the latter associated with the initial India-Eurasia plate collision.A slow cooling event from the Early Cretaceous to the Miocene(100–15 Ma)is thought to be related to the arid environment in northwest China since the Cretaceous.These cooling events have diverse responses and cooling rates in different blocks of the East Longshou Mountain:the southwest and centre of which are mainly cooled over 200–120 Ma and 120–0 Ma,with cooling rates of~0.25 and~0.33°C/Ma(~1.25 and~0.33°C/Ma in the centre);the Jinchuan mine primarily cooled over 160–100 Ma,100–15 Ma and 15–0 Ma,with cooling rates of~1.33,~0.25 and~2.00°C/Ma.These differentiated coolings imply that the uplift of the East Longshou Mountain before the Miocene(~15 Ma)was integral.Strong uplift then occurred in the vicinity of the mining area,which is a critical period for the uplift of the Jinchuan deposit to the surface,meaning that the Jinchuan deposit was exposed no earlier than the Miocene(~15 Ma).Based on mineralization depth information obtained by previous researchers,in conjunction with the calculation and simulation results of this study,it can be seen that the bulk of the Jinchuan intrusion may still be preserved at depth.
基金supported by the COMRA Major Project(No.DY135-S1-01-09)the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,Ocean University of China(No.SGPT-2019OF-02).
文摘Suspended particulate barite crystals were detected in the water columns at four different stations near the 90°E ridge in the Indian Ocean.Four distinct morphological types of marine barites were distinguished:euhedral-subhedral crystals,oval or round crystals,rhombic crystals,and irregular crystals.The barite crystals in the study area are typically fine,with a dominant size of 1–3μm.The vertical distribution of barites is significantly affected by the formation and sedimentation processes.Barites begin to appear at a depth of 30 m and are formed primarily from the surface to the depth of 2000m with a concentration peak at the depth of 200m,where particles are coarser than those in the other layers.The barites begin to settle and dissolve once formed in the water column,resulting in finer barite particles and lower particle concentrations.The formation of barite crystals is related to biological processes associated with the decomposition of barium-rich skeletons in the microenvironment of decaying organic matter that is affected by the primary productivity and dissolved oxygen content in the water column.The dissolving process of barite crystals showed similar variation with the concentration of dissolved barium in ocean water,and the substitution of strontium for barite in crystals promotes the selective dissolution of barite and exerts an important impact on its morphology.It is approximately 33%of barites in the amount and 22%in the concentration to settle to the bottom of the water column compared to that observed in the main barite formation zone.
基金supported by the Program of Shanghai Tobacco Group Open Fund (20210105).
文摘The issue of plastic pollution has attracted widespread social attention.Gelatin is valued as a degradable bio-based material,especially as an edible active packaging material.However,the commonly used solution-casting filmforming technology limits the mass production of gelatin films.In order to improve the production efficiency and enhance the commercial value of gelatin films,in this study,fish gelatin(FG)particles were successfully blended with essential oils(EOs)to prepare active films by melt extrusion technique,a common method for commercial plastics,and applied to bread preservation.FG and EOs showed good compatibility with each other.The elongation at break was enhanced in all samples of films containing EOs.The addition of EOs weakened the oxygen barrier properties of the FG films.The gelatin films containing clove EO showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging rate of 39.38%.The films containing oregano EO showed the highest antibacterial activity,with 98.84%and 99.86% against S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The bread preservation results showed a slower microbial growth rate in the samples preserved by the active films.The bread samples preserved in commercial PE film showed mold on day 3,and the bread samples preserved in active gelatin film showed mold visible to the naked eye by day 7.This study demonstrates the potential of gelatin-based activated films for commercial application in baked goods preservation.
文摘Due to improper acquisition settings and other noise artifacts,the image degraded to yield poor mean preservation in brightness.The simplest way to improve the preservation is the implementation of histogram equalization.Because of over-enhancement,it failed to preserve the mean brightness and produce the poor quality of the image.This paper proposes a multi-scale decomposi-tion for brightness preservation using gamma correction.After transformation to hue,saturation and intensity(HSI)channel,the 2D-discrete wavelet transform decomposed the intensity component into low and high-pass coefficients.At the next phase,gamma correction is used by auto-tuning the scale value.The scale is the modified constant value used in the logarithmic function.Further,the scale value is optimized to obtain better visual quality in the image.The optimized value is the weighted distribution of standard deviation-mean of low pass coefficients.Finally,the experimental result is estimated in terms of quality assessment measures used as absolute mean brightness error,the measure of information detail,signal to noise ratio and patch-based contrast quality in the image.By comparison,the proposed method proved to be suitably remarkable in retaining the mean brightness and better visual quality of the image.
文摘Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, constituting 25% of all cancer diagnoses. Even though it is only affecting 4% - 6% of women under the age of 40, it remains the most common malignancy among younger patients. Advancement in the treatment and earlier detection gives excellent 5 years of survival. However, the standard treatment that comprises surgical-chemo radiation therapy or hormonal treatment often results in an increased incidence of treatment-induced infertility. Therefore, adding fertility preservation to primary cancer treatment may offer the best opportunity for future fertility. However, despite advancements in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), the uptake of fertility services in this group remains low. In this review, we highlighted the effect of all breast cancer treatments on women’s fertility, the effectiveness and safety of ART in breast cancer patients as well as the safety of pregnancy in breast cancer survivors. Our aim is to improve awareness of fertility preservation for breast cancer to ensure all women diagnosed with breast cancer have multidisciplinary approaches with early referral to fertility specialists to discuss regarding potential risks and benefits of fertility preservation to improve the uptake of fertility preservation among this group of patients.
基金supported in part by the National KeyResearch and Development Program of China under Grant 2021ZD0201300Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Project 2021CDJXKJC001in part by the Chongqing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau under Grant cx2021114.
文摘In this paper,the fault-tolerant formation control(FTFC)problem is investigated for a group of uncertain nonholonomic mobile robots with limited communication ranges and unpredicted actuator faults,where the communication between the robots is in a directed one-to-one way.In order to guarantee the connectivity preservation and collision avoidance among the robots,some properly chosen performance functions are incorporated into the controller to per-assign the asymmetrical bounds for relative distance and bearing angle between each pair of adjacent mobile robots.Particularly,the resultant control scheme remains at a costeffective level because its design does not use any velocity information from neighbors,any prior knowledge of system nonlinearities or any nonlinear approximator to account for them despite the presence of modeling uncertainties,unknown external disturbances,and unexpected actuator faults.Meanwhile,each follower is derived to track the leader with the tracking errors regarding relative distance and bearing angle subject to prescribed transient and steady-state performance guarantees,respectively.Moreover,all the closed-loop signals are ensured to be ultimately uniformly bounded.Finally,a numerical example is simulated to verify the effectiveness of this methodology.
基金Supported by Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Innovation Boost Action Plan of Shandong Province“Apple Step Processing and High Value Utilization Technology Research and Product Creation”(2022TZXD007-04).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to study the effect of magnetic field technology on physicochemical properties of fresh-cut apple during storage.[Methods]Using fresh-cut apples as materials,magnetic field assisted refrigeration and conventional refrigeration control groups were set up,and the preservation effects of magnetic field assisted refrigeration on fresh-cut apples were tested by measuring the changes of microorganisms and physicochemical indicators.In this experiment,the conditions of magnetic field assisted refrigeration group was set as follows:temperature 4℃,magnetic field intensity 5 mT,static magnetic field,and storage for 6 d.[Results]At 6 d post storage,the weight loss rate,total number of colonies and total number of fungi of fresh-cut apples increased;the L value and hardness showed a downward trend;the soluble solid content first increased and then decreased;and the total acid decreased first and then increased.The above indicators in magnetic field assisted refrigeration group changed more gently than that in conventional refrigeration group.Compared with conventional assisted refrigeration,the weight loss rate of fresh-cut apples treated by magnetic field combined with 4℃refrigeration was reduced by 68.00%;the hardness was increased by 12.23%;the total number of colonies and total number of fungi were reduced by 64.15%and 37.50%;and the L value did not change much.High content of soluble solids and total acid was maintained.[Conclusions]Magnetic field assisted refrigeration delays quality deterioration of fresh-cut apples during storage,prolongs shelf life,and further improves their edible quality and commodity value.
文摘Obesity has been growing in Brazil and in the world. It is reaching epidemic proportions, and bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients with this disease. Among the procedures described in the literature, ileal surgeries such as biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) and single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) present better long-term results in terms of weight loss and comorbidities control. However, there are concerns regarding long term nutritional problems with these procedures. In this case report the aim is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of preserving an extended duodenal bulb segment, in the SADIS-S procedure, when there are difficulties in dissecting the retrobulbar region, as occurred here, due to fibrosis in this area. This assures the maintenance of the proposed surgical technique, in such a situation. The dissection and transection of the duodenum was done 7 cm distally to the pylorus, under endoscopic view, proximally to the papillae, where the tissue was normal. Additionally, due the importance of the duodenal mucosa on minerals and trace elements absorption and the release of important hormones in this region, this case report elicits the evaluation of the impact of this technical modification, which occurred casually, in the nutritional, hormonal and metabolic results, long term. In this case report, the extended duodenal length has demonstrated reasonable weight loss, adequate comorbidities control and good nutritional status, so far. These aspects must be evaluated in the long term, by clinical trials.
文摘The preservation of polychromy in 20th century architecture is here considered from both theoretical and operational perspectives.A further theme is that of polymatericity,which addresses issues related to the experimental context with reference to the materials and technologies employed.The passage of time and the lack of durability of innovative materials,the transformations and the presence of forms of alteration and degradation,pose problems related to the will and the possibility of preserving layering,without falling into the restoration of the presumed original document,in relation to the authorial project documentation and the underlying theories.
文摘The deep learning models hold considerable potential for clinical applications, but there are many challenges to successfully training deep learning models. Large-scale data collection is required, which is frequently only possible through multi-institutional cooperation. Building large central repositories is one strategy for multi-institution studies. However, this is hampered by issues regarding data sharing, including patient privacy, data de-identification, regulation, intellectual property, and data storage. These difficulties have lessened the impracticality of central data storage. In this survey, we will look at 24 research publications that concentrate on machine learning approaches linked to privacy preservation techniques for multi-institutional data, highlighting the multiple shortcomings of the existing methodologies. Researching different approaches will be made simpler in this case based on a number of factors, such as performance measures, year of publication and journals, achievements of the strategies in numerical assessments, and other factors. A technique analysis that considers the benefits and drawbacks of the strategies is additionally provided. The article also looks at some potential areas for future research as well as the challenges associated with increasing the accuracy of privacy protection techniques. The comparative evaluation of the approaches offers a thorough justification for the research’s purpose.
文摘Hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in multiple spatial dimensions display features absent in the one-dimensional case,such as involutions and non-trivial stationary states.These features need to be captured by numerical methods without excessive grid refine-ment.The active flux method is an extension of the finite volume scheme with additional point values distributed along the cell boundary.For the equations of linear acoustics,an exact evolution operator can be used for the update of these point values.It incorporates all multi-dimensional information.The active flux method is stationarity preserving,i.e.,it discretizes all the stationary states of the PDE.This paper demonstrates the experimental evidence for the discrete stationary states of the active flux method and shows the evolution of setups towards a discrete stationary state.
文摘On average,over 25000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 45 annually in the United States.Because an increasing number of young women delay childbearing to later life for various reasons,a growing population of women experience breast cancer before completing childbearing.In this context,preservation of fertility potential of breast cancer survivors has become an essential concept in modern cancer care.In this review,we will outline the currently available fertility preservation options for women with breast cancer of reproductive age,discuss the controversy behind hormonal suppression for gonadal protection against chemotherapy and highlight the importance of timely referral by cancer care providers.
文摘With the decline in male fertility in recent years,strategies for male fertility preservation have received increasing attention.In this study,by reviewing current treatments and recent publications,we describe research progress in and the future directions of stem cell-based therapies for male fertility preservation,focusing on the use of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs),SSC niches,SSC-based testicular organoids,other stem cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells,and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.In conclusion,a more comprehensive understanding of the germ cell microenvironment,stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,and testicular organoids will play an important role in achieving male fertility preservation.
