BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of pr...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat.However,the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat(DHPM-CRC)in these“B and R”countries remain unknown.AIM To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the“B and R”countries from 1990 to 2019.METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC.Numbers and age-standardized rates(ASRs)of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were determined among the“B and R”countries in 1990 and 2019.Using joinpoint regression analysis,the average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDALR)from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade(2010–2019).RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among“B and R”countries,with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation,China,and Ukraine in 1990,and China,the Russian Federation,and Poland in 2019.The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019(all P<0.05).The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15[95%uncertainty interval(UI)665.74-5696.64]and 83249.31(95%UI 15628.64-151956.31)in China in 2019.However,the number of deaths(2627.57-2528.51)and DALYs(65867.39-55378.65)for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined.The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam,Southeast Asia,with an AAPC value of 3.90%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.63%-4.16%],whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan,Central Asia,with an AAPC value of-2.05%(95%CI:-2.37%to-1.73%).A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade(2010-2019)for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,North Africa,and the Middle East,as well as Central Europe,while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly(all P<0.05).The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females(all P<0.05).For those aged 50-74 years,the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend,except for 20 members,including 7 members in Central Asia,Maldives,and 12 high or high-middle social development index(SDI)members in other regions(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across“B and R”countries and threatens public health.Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in“B and R”countries via extensive collaboration.展开更多
CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state d...CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state density and serious charge recombination between low-temperature processed TiO_(2)film and inorganic perovskite layer interface seriously restrict the performance of all-inorganic PSCs.Here a thin polyethylene oxide(PEO)layer is employed to modify TiO_(2)film to passivate traps and promote carrier collection.The impacts of PEO layer on microstructure and photoelectric characteristics of TiO_(2)film and related devices are systematically studied.Characterization results suggest that PEO modification can reduce the surface roughness of TiO_(2)film,decrease its average surface potential,and passivate trap states.At optimal conditions,the champion efficiency of CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with PEO-modified TiO_(2)(PEO-PSCs)has been improved to 11.24%from 9.03%of reference PSCs.Moreover,the hysteresis behavior and charge recombination have been suppressed in PEO-PSCs.展开更多
Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE dr...Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE drop when the bladecoating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead,which hampers the practical development of OSCs.Here,a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused endgroup.Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering,NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity,packing patterns,and miscibility with polymeric donor.The studies exhibit that the molecular packing,crystallinity,and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed guest acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains,providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YRSeNF-based OSCs.As a result,a record-high PCE approaching 19%is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a greensolvent o-xylene with high-boiling point.Notably,ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep>80%of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h.Our alkyl-tailored guest acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs,which paves a way for industrial development.展开更多
Nano-sized reinforcements improved the mechanical characteristics efficiently by promoting more implicit particle hardening mechanisms compared to micron-sized reinforcements.Nano-sized particles lessen the critical p...Nano-sized reinforcements improved the mechanical characteristics efficiently by promoting more implicit particle hardening mechanisms compared to micron-sized reinforcements.Nano-sized particles lessen the critical particle solidification velocity for swamp and thus offers better dispersal.In the present investigation,the friction stir processing(FSP)is utilized to produce AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)nanocomposites at various tool rotation speeds(i.e.,900,1200,and 1500 rpm)with an optimized 1.5%volume alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))reinforcement ratio.The mechanical and corrosion behavior of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)-developed nanocomposites was investigated and compared with that of the AZ31 base alloy.The AZ31 alloy experienced a comprehensive dynamic recrystallization during FSP,causing substantial grain refinement.Grain-size strengthening is the primary factor contributed to the enhancement in the strength of the fabricated nanocomposite.Tensile strength and yield strength values were lower than those for the base metal matrix,although an upward trend in both values has been observed with an increase in tool rotation speed.An 19.72%increase in hardness along with superior corrosion resistance was achieved compared to the base alloy at a tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm.The corrosion currents(Jcorr)of all samples dropped with increase in the rotational speed,in contrast to the corrosion potentials(Ecorr),which increased.The values of Jcorr of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)were 42.3%,56.8%,and 65.5%lower than those of AZ31 alloy at the chosen rotating speeds of 900,1200,and 1500 rpm,respectively.The corrosion behavior of friction stir processed nanocomposites have been addressed in this manuscript which has not been given sufficient attention in the existing literature.Further,this work offers an effective choice for the quality assurance of the FSP process of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)nanocomposites.The obtained results are relevant to the development of lightweight automobile and aerospace structures and components.展开更多
Background:To promote the quality evaluation,clarify the processing mechanism and distinguish origins of Corni Fructus(cornus)from different regions.Methods:This study developed a high performance liquid chromatograph...Background:To promote the quality evaluation,clarify the processing mechanism and distinguish origins of Corni Fructus(cornus)from different regions.Methods:This study developed a high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,2 phenolic acids and 4 iridoid glycosides and the reference fingerprint of cornus from different regions.In addition,the feedforward neural network model provided a pattern classification of sample regions.Results:The content of morroniside and loganin were the highest in all raw cornus samples ranging from 9.45μg/mg to 16.3μg/mg and 6.64μg/mg to 13.7μg/mg,respectively.The level of sweroside in raw cornus from Henan(0.83μg/mg^(-1).39μg/mg)and Zhejiang(0.64μg/mg^(-1).17μg/mg)were greater than other origins.After wine-processing,the glucose or fructose were dehydrated to increase the levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.The C-4 position of-COOCH3 of hot-sensitive iridoid glycosides was hydrolyzed to generate-COOH as stable components.Polyphenol derivatives may be degraded to increase the content of phenolic acid.Subsequently,an excellent feedforward neural network model for identification of raw cornus and wine-prepared cornus was established which could distinguish the sample origins.Conclusion:This work provided a trustworthy method to evaluate the quality and distinguish the sources of cornus.Meanwhile,the clear processing mechanism provided a scientific foundation for controlling the cornus quality during wine-processing.展开更多
Not from concentrate(NFC)fruit juice is the crucial clean label ingredient for new-style tea-making due to its pleasant color and fresh aroma.Here,we compared the effects of mild heating(MH)and high pressure processin...Not from concentrate(NFC)fruit juice is the crucial clean label ingredient for new-style tea-making due to its pleasant color and fresh aroma.Here,we compared the effects of mild heating(MH)and high pressure processing(HPP)on physicochemical characters and phytochemicals in NFC spine grape juice based on metabolomics analysis.Similar compound profiles were observed between HPP-treated and fresh juices.The richer phytochemical compounds comprised malvidin-3-O-glucoside,malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside,quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside,quercetin-3-Oglucuronide,catechin,caffeic acid,ferulic acid,procyanidin B1,procyanidin B2 were obtained after MH treatment.Nine marker phenolics and two marker tripeptides(i.e.,Glu-Val-Phe and Leu-Leu-Tyr)were identified to differentiate MH from HPP treatment,of which higher contents occurred in the MH group.Storage time experiments showed that the Glu-Val-Phe could serve as potential markers for monitoring storage of spine grape juice.These results provide new insights into the effects of processing on individual phytochemical changes and the guide for commercial application of production of spine grape NFC juice.展开更多
To summarize the evidence about the association between red and processed meat intake and the risk of esophageal cancer,we systematically searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases up to May 2012,with a restriction to E...To summarize the evidence about the association between red and processed meat intake and the risk of esophageal cancer,we systematically searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases up to May 2012,with a restriction to English publications,and the references of the retrieved articles.We combined the studyspecific relative risks(RRs) and 95%CI,comparing the highest with the lowest categories of consumption by using a random-effects model.A total of 4 cohort studies and 23 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis.The combined RRs(95%CI) of the cohort studies comparing the highest and lowest categories were 1.26(1.00-1.59) for red meat and 1.25(0.83-1.86) for processed meat.For the case-control studies,the combined RRs(95%CI) comparing the highest and lowest categories were 1.44(1.16-1.80)for red meat and 1.36(1.07-1.74) for processed meat.Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that a higher consumption of red meat was associated with a greater risk of esophageal cancer.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to observe the effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal flora in rats with spleen deficiency.[Methods]Rat models with spleen deficiency were established by...[Objectives]This study aimed to observe the effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal flora in rats with spleen deficiency.[Methods]Rat models with spleen deficiency were established by bitter-cold purgation method with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.Normal group,model group,Radix Codonopsis group,fried Radix Codonopsis group,rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fired Radix Codonopsis group were designed.After subjecting to corresponding treatments,the changes in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats were detected.[Results]There was no significant change in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats in the normal group and model group.The rats in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased,and the quantity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococci reduced.The rats in the Radix Codonopsis group,fried Radix Codonopsis groups,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased(the increases were smaller than those in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group),and the abundance of E.coli and Staphylococci reduced,close to normal levels.[Conclusions]Different processed products of Radix Codonopsis have obvious regulation effect on intestinal flora of rats with spleen deficiency,and the regulation effect of rice-fried Radix Codonopsis on rats with spleen deficiency is better than that of Radix Codonopsis,fried Radix Codonopsis,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis.展开更多
Identifying the contents of processed food products is essential to correct labelling. In processed foodstuffs, species identification through morphological analysis is difficult. Several factors hinder the identifica...Identifying the contents of processed food products is essential to correct labelling. In processed foodstuffs, species identification through morphological analysis is difficult. Several factors hinder the identification of fish species in processed foods: proteins or other materials subjected to analysis may be denatured during heat treatments;the presence of other ingredients (e.g., olive and other vegetable oils) may interfere with the analysis. Consequently, possible frauds perpetrated by replacing valuable species with less precious ones may go undetected. In most processed samples (e.g. canned products), DNA is degraded into small fragments, which considerably reduces the sensitivity of molecular analysis. The main goal of our research was to develop an analytical method able to identify fish species in highly processed products, such as canned fish. The assay was developed by combining an effective method of DNA recovery from samples with the detection of small-sized sequences of the mitochondrial Cytb gene. This method appears particularly suitable when morphological characterization is difficult, to carry out such as in canned products where DNA is degraded or present in small quantities. We have analyzed 60 samples of seafood commercial products identifying 3 different genera and five different species. All analyzed samples revealed a correct species declaration, for one sample we highlighted important commercial fraud. We also used bio-informatic identification systems for the Sequence Alignment and the construction of phylogenetic tree to better confirm the revealed fraud.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbi...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbic acid maintained the overall quality for 14 days at 0℃ and 7 days at 5℃;no difference, however, was observed regarding browning of cut surface compared to the control sample at both storage temperatures. Calcium chloride maintained the overall quality and cut surface browning for 14 days at both storage temperatures. It was also found that citric acid 1% can be used for minimally processed cabbage. Soaking with citric acid helped retain the color and increased the overall acceptance and organoleptic quality of fresh cut cabbage;it reduced browning of the cut surface and protected against formation of black specks. Citric acid treatment combined with low temperature storage (0℃) prolonged the shelf life of minimally processed cabbage for 22 days, time sufficient for acceptable marketing of the product. The lightness of minimally processed cabbage decreased linearly from 70.94 ± 6 to 63.8 ± 8.5 - 61.3 ± 8 units for the chemical treatments during 22 days of storage at 0℃. Hue angle values during storage time were also significantly influenced by chemical treatments mainly at 0℃.展开更多
A new isoflavane named astraganoside,together with five known compounds had been isolated from the processed Astragralus membranaceus.The structure of the novel compound was elucidated as(3R,4R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimet...A new isoflavane named astraganoside,together with five known compounds had been isolated from the processed Astragralus membranaceus.The structure of the novel compound was elucidated as(3R,4R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)chroman- 4,7-diol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)based on spectroscopic methods including UV,IR,ESI-MS,1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques.展开更多
Nonfullerene organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%.While this shed light on OSC commercialization,high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through soluti...Nonfullerene organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%.While this shed light on OSC commercialization,high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing.Herein,we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(CF3SO3H).Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping,the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35Ωsq−1(minimum value:32Ωsq−1),a raised work function(≈5.0 eV),a superior wettability,and a high electrical stability.The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes,hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers,thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction.The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41%(maximum value:16.61%).Besides,the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85°C,demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability.展开更多
The effect of plasma-processed air(PPA)treatment with different conditions(time,power andflow rate)on the inactivation of Escherichia coli(E.coli)in button mushroom was evaluated.Response surface methodology(RSM)was a...The effect of plasma-processed air(PPA)treatment with different conditions(time,power andflow rate)on the inactivation of Escherichia coli(E.coli)in button mushroom was evaluated.Response surface methodology(RSM)was applied to optimize PPA treatments on the E.coli of button mushrooms.According to the response surface analysis,the optimal treatment parameters were a treatment time of 12 min,treatment power of 90 W and flow rate of 1.2 l min-1.As with verifying tests from the optimization exercise,the number of E.coli reduced by 5.27 log CFU/g at the determined optimum conditions.The scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)micrography showed that the surface of the E.coli was significantly changed under the optimized PPA treatment.Quality parameters of button mushrooms treated at the determined optimum conditions were compared with untreated samples during the storage for 12 d at 4°C?±?1°C.The PPA treatment was found to be effective in inhibiting microbes and preserving postharvest quality in button mushrooms,and these results suggested PPA treatment may provide an alternative for the sterilization of foodborne and maintaining postharvest of fruits and vegetables.展开更多
Objective:To determine distribution of arthropods in processed rice products such as rice flour and rice cereal-based infant food.Methods:Random samples of rice flour and rice cereal-based infant food purchased from c...Objective:To determine distribution of arthropods in processed rice products such as rice flour and rice cereal-based infant food.Methods:Random samples of rice flour and rice cereal-based infant food purchased from commercial outlets were examined for the presence of arthropods using a modified Berlese Tullgren Funnel Method.Mites were mounted prior to identification and weevils were directly identified.Results:For non-expired products, infestation was found in 6.7%of rice flour and none was found in rice cereal-based infant food samples.The arthropods found in the flour samples were Cheyletus spp.,Suidasia pontifica(S. pontifica),Tarsonemus spp.,Tyrophagus putrescentiae(T.putrescentiae),Sitophilus granarius(S. granarius) and Sitophilus oryzae(S.oryzae).Others which cannot be identified were Oribatid and Prostigmatid mites.The most common mites in rice flour were Tarsonemus spp.(69.1%),followed by S.pontifica(18.2%).For expired products,only one sample of rice cereal-based infant food was infested and the infestation was by mites of the family Tydeidae.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the presence of 4 allergenic species of S.pontifica,T.putrescentiae,S.granarius and S.oryzae in rice flour.These arthropods can contribute to the incidence of anaphylaxis upon consumption by atopic individuals.There was no infestation of arthropods in rice cereal-based infant food surveyed except for an expired product in a moderate rusty tin container.展开更多
Blueberry is a kind of wild berry with high nutrition values. It contains a great amount of anthocyanin, organic acid and fiber, which significantly affects sensory evaluation, pH value, texture profile analysis (TPA)...Blueberry is a kind of wild berry with high nutrition values. It contains a great amount of anthocyanin, organic acid and fiber, which significantly affects sensory evaluation, pH value, texture profile analysis (TPA) and microstructure. This study determined the effect of blueberry pulp on spreadable processed cheese through examining pH value, TPA, microstructure and color-difference. The results showed that increased blueberry content lowered pH value, remarkably transformed microstructure and TPA (P<0.05). Overloaded fiber in blueberry ruined the network structure of casein gel, thus 10% of blueberry performed better, more than that additive volume, sensory evaluation was worsen and gel structure was spoiled gradually. The blueberry sample lowered L*, b* and slightly increased a*, resulting in blueberry samples presented light amethyst, while sterilizing samples presented dark pink because of the lost of anthocyanin.展开更多
[Objectives] This study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of different processed products of Ilex hainanensis Merr to provide experimental basis for the research on the hypolipidemic mechanism of I. haina...[Objectives] This study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of different processed products of Ilex hainanensis Merr to provide experimental basis for the research on the hypolipidemic mechanism of I. hainanensis Merr. [Methods] SD rats were fed high-fat diet to establish hyperlipidemia rat models. The hyperlipidemia rats were administered with different processed products of I. hainanensis Merr by gavage to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of the medicinal material. [Results] The levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in the rats fed high-fat diet were significantly higher than those in of the control group(P<0.01), indicating successful modeling. Among different processing methods, the hypolipidemic effects were in the order as baking=traditional processing=frying=microwaving>drying in shade. Among different baking times, the hypolipidemic effects ranked as 180 ℃>200 ℃=220 ℃. Among different baking times, the hypolipidemic effects ranked as 20 min=40 min>30 min. The hypolipidemic effects of processed product of I. hainanensis Merr with different amounts of active ingredients were different. [Conclusions] The processed products of I. hainanensis Merr all had hypolipidemic effects, but the effects were different. This study will provide a scientific basis for expanding the resources of I. hainanensis Merr.展开更多
The mutagenicity of ten Chinese traditionalprocessed food samples which include heated,salted and smoked fish,mutton,pork,beefand poultry was studied using the AmesSalmonella typhimurium test.The
An improved preprocessed Yaroslavsky filter(IPYF)is proposed to avoid the nick effects and obtain a better denoising result when the noise variance is unknown.Different from its predecessors,the similarity between two...An improved preprocessed Yaroslavsky filter(IPYF)is proposed to avoid the nick effects and obtain a better denoising result when the noise variance is unknown.Different from its predecessors,the similarity between two pixels is calculated by shearlet features.The feature vector consists of initial denoised results by the non-subsampled shearlet transform hard thresholding(NSST-HT)and NSST coefficients,which can help allocate the averaging weights more reasonably.With the correct estimated noise variance,the NSST-HT can provide good denoised results as the initial estimation and high-frequency coefficients contribute large weights to preserve textures.In case of the incorrect estimated noise variance,the low-frequency coefficients will mitigate the nick effect in cartoon regions greatly,making the IPYF more robust than the original PYF.Detailed experimental results show that the IPYF is a very competitive method based on a comprehensive consideration involving peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),computing time,visual quality and method noise.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics of processed cheese made from salt Ras cheese whey and young Cheddar containing exopolysaccharide producing cultures (EPS) as compared with those in cheese m...The objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics of processed cheese made from salt Ras cheese whey and young Cheddar containing exopolysaccharide producing cultures (EPS) as compared with those in cheese made from EPS-negative cheeses. Processed cheeses were manufactured using young (1 day) or 1-month-old EPS-positive or EPSnegative Cheddar cheese and replacing the added water by Ras cheese whey or ultrafiltrated (UF) whey. Moisture and fat of processed cheese were standardized to 54% and 23%, respectively. Exopolysaccharide-positive processed cheese was softer, less chewy and gummy than the EPS-negative cheeses. The hardness and chewiness were lower in processed cheeses made from 1-month-old Cheddar than in the corresponding cheeses made from 1-day-old Cheddar cheese. Sensory scores for texture of EPS positive processed cheeses were higher than those of the EPS-negative cheeses. Generally, processed cheese made from replacing all added water with whey received higher scores in flavor and overall than did the corresponding cheeses made without whey. The obtained results are showing promise for application of salt whey in processed cheese making.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the volatile components and antibacterial effects of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products.[Methods]11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products were obtained acco...[Objectives]To study the volatile components and antibacterial effects of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products.[Methods]11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products were obtained according to the traditional processing method,the volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation,and the composition of volatile oil in the 11 kinds of processed products was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).the relative percentage content of each component in these 11 kinds of processed products was determined using the peak area normalization.The drug sensitivity activity of the volatile oil of these 11 kinds of processed products was tested using the K-B paper diffusion method and the minimum inhibition volume fraction of volatile oil of these 11 kinds of processed products was tested using the microdilution method.[Results]The highest yield of volatile oil of 11 kinds of these processed products was baking(5.193%),and the lowest was stir-bake to scorch(1.998%).A total of 36 chemical components were identified from the volatile oils of these 11 kinds of processed products.The components with the most volatile oil were stir-bake to scorch(24 kinds),and the components with the least volatile oil were the method of processing with rice-washed water(15 kinds).They contain 8 kinds of common chemical components,such as limonene,linalool,myrcene,α-pinene.The highest content of limonene came from processing with honey(60.93%),the lowest came from processing with rice-washed water(55.25%);the highest content of linalool came from processing with rice-washed water(7.139%),the lowest came from processing with honey(5.436%);the highest content of myrcene came from processing with honey(1.899%),the lowest came from stir-bake to scorch(1.632%);the highest content ofα-pinene came from raw Aurantii Fructus Immaturus(2.355%),and the lowest came from stir-bake to scorch(1.618%).The volatile oil of these 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products has good antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.[Conclusions]The oil yields of volatile oils of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products are different,the content of limonene is significantly different,and the changes of other chemical components and their contents are not significantly different.The volatile oil of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products has certain antibacterial effect.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260532,and No.32060208.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat.However,the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat(DHPM-CRC)in these“B and R”countries remain unknown.AIM To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the“B and R”countries from 1990 to 2019.METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC.Numbers and age-standardized rates(ASRs)of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were determined among the“B and R”countries in 1990 and 2019.Using joinpoint regression analysis,the average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDALR)from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade(2010–2019).RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among“B and R”countries,with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation,China,and Ukraine in 1990,and China,the Russian Federation,and Poland in 2019.The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019(all P<0.05).The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15[95%uncertainty interval(UI)665.74-5696.64]and 83249.31(95%UI 15628.64-151956.31)in China in 2019.However,the number of deaths(2627.57-2528.51)and DALYs(65867.39-55378.65)for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined.The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam,Southeast Asia,with an AAPC value of 3.90%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.63%-4.16%],whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan,Central Asia,with an AAPC value of-2.05%(95%CI:-2.37%to-1.73%).A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade(2010-2019)for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,North Africa,and the Middle East,as well as Central Europe,while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly(all P<0.05).The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females(all P<0.05).For those aged 50-74 years,the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend,except for 20 members,including 7 members in Central Asia,Maldives,and 12 high or high-middle social development index(SDI)members in other regions(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across“B and R”countries and threatens public health.Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in“B and R”countries via extensive collaboration.
基金financially supported by the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.303523)。
文摘CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state density and serious charge recombination between low-temperature processed TiO_(2)film and inorganic perovskite layer interface seriously restrict the performance of all-inorganic PSCs.Here a thin polyethylene oxide(PEO)layer is employed to modify TiO_(2)film to passivate traps and promote carrier collection.The impacts of PEO layer on microstructure and photoelectric characteristics of TiO_(2)film and related devices are systematically studied.Characterization results suggest that PEO modification can reduce the surface roughness of TiO_(2)film,decrease its average surface potential,and passivate trap states.At optimal conditions,the champion efficiency of CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with PEO-modified TiO_(2)(PEO-PSCs)has been improved to 11.24%from 9.03%of reference PSCs.Moreover,the hysteresis behavior and charge recombination have been suppressed in PEO-PSCs.
基金the support from the NSFC (22209131, 22005121, 21875182, and 52173023)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0132400)+4 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province (2020TD-002)111 project 2.0 (BP0618008)Open Fund of Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications (Changzhou University, GDRGCS2022002)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education (Jiangxi Normal University, KFSEMC-202201)acquired at beamlines 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231
文摘Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE drop when the bladecoating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead,which hampers the practical development of OSCs.Here,a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused endgroup.Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering,NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity,packing patterns,and miscibility with polymeric donor.The studies exhibit that the molecular packing,crystallinity,and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed guest acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains,providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YRSeNF-based OSCs.As a result,a record-high PCE approaching 19%is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a greensolvent o-xylene with high-boiling point.Notably,ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep>80%of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h.Our alkyl-tailored guest acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs,which paves a way for industrial development.
文摘Nano-sized reinforcements improved the mechanical characteristics efficiently by promoting more implicit particle hardening mechanisms compared to micron-sized reinforcements.Nano-sized particles lessen the critical particle solidification velocity for swamp and thus offers better dispersal.In the present investigation,the friction stir processing(FSP)is utilized to produce AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)nanocomposites at various tool rotation speeds(i.e.,900,1200,and 1500 rpm)with an optimized 1.5%volume alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))reinforcement ratio.The mechanical and corrosion behavior of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)-developed nanocomposites was investigated and compared with that of the AZ31 base alloy.The AZ31 alloy experienced a comprehensive dynamic recrystallization during FSP,causing substantial grain refinement.Grain-size strengthening is the primary factor contributed to the enhancement in the strength of the fabricated nanocomposite.Tensile strength and yield strength values were lower than those for the base metal matrix,although an upward trend in both values has been observed with an increase in tool rotation speed.An 19.72%increase in hardness along with superior corrosion resistance was achieved compared to the base alloy at a tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm.The corrosion currents(Jcorr)of all samples dropped with increase in the rotational speed,in contrast to the corrosion potentials(Ecorr),which increased.The values of Jcorr of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)were 42.3%,56.8%,and 65.5%lower than those of AZ31 alloy at the chosen rotating speeds of 900,1200,and 1500 rpm,respectively.The corrosion behavior of friction stir processed nanocomposites have been addressed in this manuscript which has not been given sufficient attention in the existing literature.Further,this work offers an effective choice for the quality assurance of the FSP process of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)nanocomposites.The obtained results are relevant to the development of lightweight automobile and aerospace structures and components.
基金supported by the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202005)the Key Project at Central Government Level(No.2060302)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(No.81872956)Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project(No.19YFZCSY00170).
文摘Background:To promote the quality evaluation,clarify the processing mechanism and distinguish origins of Corni Fructus(cornus)from different regions.Methods:This study developed a high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,2 phenolic acids and 4 iridoid glycosides and the reference fingerprint of cornus from different regions.In addition,the feedforward neural network model provided a pattern classification of sample regions.Results:The content of morroniside and loganin were the highest in all raw cornus samples ranging from 9.45μg/mg to 16.3μg/mg and 6.64μg/mg to 13.7μg/mg,respectively.The level of sweroside in raw cornus from Henan(0.83μg/mg^(-1).39μg/mg)and Zhejiang(0.64μg/mg^(-1).17μg/mg)were greater than other origins.After wine-processing,the glucose or fructose were dehydrated to increase the levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.The C-4 position of-COOCH3 of hot-sensitive iridoid glycosides was hydrolyzed to generate-COOH as stable components.Polyphenol derivatives may be degraded to increase the content of phenolic acid.Subsequently,an excellent feedforward neural network model for identification of raw cornus and wine-prepared cornus was established which could distinguish the sample origins.Conclusion:This work provided a trustworthy method to evaluate the quality and distinguish the sources of cornus.Meanwhile,the clear processing mechanism provided a scientific foundation for controlling the cornus quality during wine-processing.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support for this work from National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2100805)National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of China(32222067).
文摘Not from concentrate(NFC)fruit juice is the crucial clean label ingredient for new-style tea-making due to its pleasant color and fresh aroma.Here,we compared the effects of mild heating(MH)and high pressure processing(HPP)on physicochemical characters and phytochemicals in NFC spine grape juice based on metabolomics analysis.Similar compound profiles were observed between HPP-treated and fresh juices.The richer phytochemical compounds comprised malvidin-3-O-glucoside,malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside,quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside,quercetin-3-Oglucuronide,catechin,caffeic acid,ferulic acid,procyanidin B1,procyanidin B2 were obtained after MH treatment.Nine marker phenolics and two marker tripeptides(i.e.,Glu-Val-Phe and Leu-Leu-Tyr)were identified to differentiate MH from HPP treatment,of which higher contents occurred in the MH group.Storage time experiments showed that the Glu-Val-Phe could serve as potential markers for monitoring storage of spine grape juice.These results provide new insights into the effects of processing on individual phytochemical changes and the guide for commercial application of production of spine grape NFC juice.
文摘To summarize the evidence about the association between red and processed meat intake and the risk of esophageal cancer,we systematically searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases up to May 2012,with a restriction to English publications,and the references of the retrieved articles.We combined the studyspecific relative risks(RRs) and 95%CI,comparing the highest with the lowest categories of consumption by using a random-effects model.A total of 4 cohort studies and 23 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis.The combined RRs(95%CI) of the cohort studies comparing the highest and lowest categories were 1.26(1.00-1.59) for red meat and 1.25(0.83-1.86) for processed meat.For the case-control studies,the combined RRs(95%CI) comparing the highest and lowest categories were 1.44(1.16-1.80)for red meat and 1.36(1.07-1.74) for processed meat.Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that a higher consumption of red meat was associated with a greater risk of esophageal cancer.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81360524)Youth Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2019QN036)+2 种基金Basic Ability Improvement Project for Scientific Research of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Guangxi(No.2019KY0341)Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Guangxi(No.AB19110003)Third-class Chinese(Zhuang)Medicine Chemistry and Quality Analysis Laboratory of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guo Zhong Yi Yao Fa 2009[21]).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to observe the effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal flora in rats with spleen deficiency.[Methods]Rat models with spleen deficiency were established by bitter-cold purgation method with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.Normal group,model group,Radix Codonopsis group,fried Radix Codonopsis group,rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fired Radix Codonopsis group were designed.After subjecting to corresponding treatments,the changes in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats were detected.[Results]There was no significant change in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats in the normal group and model group.The rats in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased,and the quantity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococci reduced.The rats in the Radix Codonopsis group,fried Radix Codonopsis groups,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased(the increases were smaller than those in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group),and the abundance of E.coli and Staphylococci reduced,close to normal levels.[Conclusions]Different processed products of Radix Codonopsis have obvious regulation effect on intestinal flora of rats with spleen deficiency,and the regulation effect of rice-fried Radix Codonopsis on rats with spleen deficiency is better than that of Radix Codonopsis,fried Radix Codonopsis,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis.
文摘Identifying the contents of processed food products is essential to correct labelling. In processed foodstuffs, species identification through morphological analysis is difficult. Several factors hinder the identification of fish species in processed foods: proteins or other materials subjected to analysis may be denatured during heat treatments;the presence of other ingredients (e.g., olive and other vegetable oils) may interfere with the analysis. Consequently, possible frauds perpetrated by replacing valuable species with less precious ones may go undetected. In most processed samples (e.g. canned products), DNA is degraded into small fragments, which considerably reduces the sensitivity of molecular analysis. The main goal of our research was to develop an analytical method able to identify fish species in highly processed products, such as canned fish. The assay was developed by combining an effective method of DNA recovery from samples with the detection of small-sized sequences of the mitochondrial Cytb gene. This method appears particularly suitable when morphological characterization is difficult, to carry out such as in canned products where DNA is degraded or present in small quantities. We have analyzed 60 samples of seafood commercial products identifying 3 different genera and five different species. All analyzed samples revealed a correct species declaration, for one sample we highlighted important commercial fraud. We also used bio-informatic identification systems for the Sequence Alignment and the construction of phylogenetic tree to better confirm the revealed fraud.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbic acid maintained the overall quality for 14 days at 0℃ and 7 days at 5℃;no difference, however, was observed regarding browning of cut surface compared to the control sample at both storage temperatures. Calcium chloride maintained the overall quality and cut surface browning for 14 days at both storage temperatures. It was also found that citric acid 1% can be used for minimally processed cabbage. Soaking with citric acid helped retain the color and increased the overall acceptance and organoleptic quality of fresh cut cabbage;it reduced browning of the cut surface and protected against formation of black specks. Citric acid treatment combined with low temperature storage (0℃) prolonged the shelf life of minimally processed cabbage for 22 days, time sufficient for acceptable marketing of the product. The lightness of minimally processed cabbage decreased linearly from 70.94 ± 6 to 63.8 ± 8.5 - 61.3 ± 8 units for the chemical treatments during 22 days of storage at 0℃. Hue angle values during storage time were also significantly influenced by chemical treatments mainly at 0℃.
文摘A new isoflavane named astraganoside,together with five known compounds had been isolated from the processed Astragralus membranaceus.The structure of the novel compound was elucidated as(3R,4R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)chroman- 4,7-diol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)based on spectroscopic methods including UV,IR,ESI-MS,1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques.
基金The authors acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61974150 and 51773213)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDB-SSW-JSC047)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the CAS-EU S&T cooperation partner program(174433KYSB20150013)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(2018A610135).
文摘Nonfullerene organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%.While this shed light on OSC commercialization,high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing.Herein,we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(CF3SO3H).Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping,the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35Ωsq−1(minimum value:32Ωsq−1),a raised work function(≈5.0 eV),a superior wettability,and a high electrical stability.The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes,hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers,thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction.The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41%(maximum value:16.61%).Besides,the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85°C,demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972144)supported by Beijing University of Agriculture(BAU)。
文摘The effect of plasma-processed air(PPA)treatment with different conditions(time,power andflow rate)on the inactivation of Escherichia coli(E.coli)in button mushroom was evaluated.Response surface methodology(RSM)was applied to optimize PPA treatments on the E.coli of button mushrooms.According to the response surface analysis,the optimal treatment parameters were a treatment time of 12 min,treatment power of 90 W and flow rate of 1.2 l min-1.As with verifying tests from the optimization exercise,the number of E.coli reduced by 5.27 log CFU/g at the determined optimum conditions.The scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)micrography showed that the surface of the E.coli was significantly changed under the optimized PPA treatment.Quality parameters of button mushrooms treated at the determined optimum conditions were compared with untreated samples during the storage for 12 d at 4°C?±?1°C.The PPA treatment was found to be effective in inhibiting microbes and preserving postharvest quality in button mushrooms,and these results suggested PPA treatment may provide an alternative for the sterilization of foodborne and maintaining postharvest of fruits and vegetables.
文摘Objective:To determine distribution of arthropods in processed rice products such as rice flour and rice cereal-based infant food.Methods:Random samples of rice flour and rice cereal-based infant food purchased from commercial outlets were examined for the presence of arthropods using a modified Berlese Tullgren Funnel Method.Mites were mounted prior to identification and weevils were directly identified.Results:For non-expired products, infestation was found in 6.7%of rice flour and none was found in rice cereal-based infant food samples.The arthropods found in the flour samples were Cheyletus spp.,Suidasia pontifica(S. pontifica),Tarsonemus spp.,Tyrophagus putrescentiae(T.putrescentiae),Sitophilus granarius(S. granarius) and Sitophilus oryzae(S.oryzae).Others which cannot be identified were Oribatid and Prostigmatid mites.The most common mites in rice flour were Tarsonemus spp.(69.1%),followed by S.pontifica(18.2%).For expired products,only one sample of rice cereal-based infant food was infested and the infestation was by mites of the family Tydeidae.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the presence of 4 allergenic species of S.pontifica,T.putrescentiae,S.granarius and S.oryzae in rice flour.These arthropods can contribute to the incidence of anaphylaxis upon consumption by atopic individuals.There was no infestation of arthropods in rice cereal-based infant food surveyed except for an expired product in a moderate rusty tin container.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Northeast Agricultural University
文摘Blueberry is a kind of wild berry with high nutrition values. It contains a great amount of anthocyanin, organic acid and fiber, which significantly affects sensory evaluation, pH value, texture profile analysis (TPA) and microstructure. This study determined the effect of blueberry pulp on spreadable processed cheese through examining pH value, TPA, microstructure and color-difference. The results showed that increased blueberry content lowered pH value, remarkably transformed microstructure and TPA (P<0.05). Overloaded fiber in blueberry ruined the network structure of casein gel, thus 10% of blueberry performed better, more than that additive volume, sensory evaluation was worsen and gel structure was spoiled gradually. The blueberry sample lowered L*, b* and slightly increased a*, resulting in blueberry samples presented light amethyst, while sterilizing samples presented dark pink because of the lost of anthocyanin.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81060344,81660701)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2016GXNSFAA380148)+2 种基金Screening and Development of Medicinal Materials Containing Stepholidine(H14002)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica(17-259-20)Laboratory of Chemical and Quality Analysis of Chinese(Zhuang) Medicine in the Research and Development Laboratory(Level 3) of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guo Zhong Yi Yao Fa 2009[21])
文摘[Objectives] This study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of different processed products of Ilex hainanensis Merr to provide experimental basis for the research on the hypolipidemic mechanism of I. hainanensis Merr. [Methods] SD rats were fed high-fat diet to establish hyperlipidemia rat models. The hyperlipidemia rats were administered with different processed products of I. hainanensis Merr by gavage to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of the medicinal material. [Results] The levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in the rats fed high-fat diet were significantly higher than those in of the control group(P<0.01), indicating successful modeling. Among different processing methods, the hypolipidemic effects were in the order as baking=traditional processing=frying=microwaving>drying in shade. Among different baking times, the hypolipidemic effects ranked as 180 ℃>200 ℃=220 ℃. Among different baking times, the hypolipidemic effects ranked as 20 min=40 min>30 min. The hypolipidemic effects of processed product of I. hainanensis Merr with different amounts of active ingredients were different. [Conclusions] The processed products of I. hainanensis Merr all had hypolipidemic effects, but the effects were different. This study will provide a scientific basis for expanding the resources of I. hainanensis Merr.
文摘The mutagenicity of ten Chinese traditionalprocessed food samples which include heated,salted and smoked fish,mutton,pork,beefand poultry was studied using the AmesSalmonella typhimurium test.The
基金Supported by Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University)(PL N1303)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology(Tongji University)(MGK1412)+1 种基金Fundation of Graduate Innovation Center in NUAA(kfjj201430)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘An improved preprocessed Yaroslavsky filter(IPYF)is proposed to avoid the nick effects and obtain a better denoising result when the noise variance is unknown.Different from its predecessors,the similarity between two pixels is calculated by shearlet features.The feature vector consists of initial denoised results by the non-subsampled shearlet transform hard thresholding(NSST-HT)and NSST coefficients,which can help allocate the averaging weights more reasonably.With the correct estimated noise variance,the NSST-HT can provide good denoised results as the initial estimation and high-frequency coefficients contribute large weights to preserve textures.In case of the incorrect estimated noise variance,the low-frequency coefficients will mitigate the nick effect in cartoon regions greatly,making the IPYF more robust than the original PYF.Detailed experimental results show that the IPYF is a very competitive method based on a comprehensive consideration involving peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),computing time,visual quality and method noise.
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics of processed cheese made from salt Ras cheese whey and young Cheddar containing exopolysaccharide producing cultures (EPS) as compared with those in cheese made from EPS-negative cheeses. Processed cheeses were manufactured using young (1 day) or 1-month-old EPS-positive or EPSnegative Cheddar cheese and replacing the added water by Ras cheese whey or ultrafiltrated (UF) whey. Moisture and fat of processed cheese were standardized to 54% and 23%, respectively. Exopolysaccharide-positive processed cheese was softer, less chewy and gummy than the EPS-negative cheeses. The hardness and chewiness were lower in processed cheeses made from 1-month-old Cheddar than in the corresponding cheeses made from 1-day-old Cheddar cheese. Sensory scores for texture of EPS positive processed cheeses were higher than those of the EPS-negative cheeses. Generally, processed cheese made from replacing all added water with whey received higher scores in flavor and overall than did the corresponding cheeses made without whey. The obtained results are showing promise for application of salt whey in processed cheese making.
基金the First Phase of Teaching Ability Training Program for Young Backbone Teachers of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(04B1805815)Program of Key Laboratory for Extraction and Purification and Quality Analysis of TCM in 2014(Gui Jiao Ke Yan[2014]No.6)。
文摘[Objectives]To study the volatile components and antibacterial effects of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products.[Methods]11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products were obtained according to the traditional processing method,the volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation,and the composition of volatile oil in the 11 kinds of processed products was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).the relative percentage content of each component in these 11 kinds of processed products was determined using the peak area normalization.The drug sensitivity activity of the volatile oil of these 11 kinds of processed products was tested using the K-B paper diffusion method and the minimum inhibition volume fraction of volatile oil of these 11 kinds of processed products was tested using the microdilution method.[Results]The highest yield of volatile oil of 11 kinds of these processed products was baking(5.193%),and the lowest was stir-bake to scorch(1.998%).A total of 36 chemical components were identified from the volatile oils of these 11 kinds of processed products.The components with the most volatile oil were stir-bake to scorch(24 kinds),and the components with the least volatile oil were the method of processing with rice-washed water(15 kinds).They contain 8 kinds of common chemical components,such as limonene,linalool,myrcene,α-pinene.The highest content of limonene came from processing with honey(60.93%),the lowest came from processing with rice-washed water(55.25%);the highest content of linalool came from processing with rice-washed water(7.139%),the lowest came from processing with honey(5.436%);the highest content of myrcene came from processing with honey(1.899%),the lowest came from stir-bake to scorch(1.632%);the highest content ofα-pinene came from raw Aurantii Fructus Immaturus(2.355%),and the lowest came from stir-bake to scorch(1.618%).The volatile oil of these 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products has good antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.[Conclusions]The oil yields of volatile oils of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products are different,the content of limonene is significantly different,and the changes of other chemical components and their contents are not significantly different.The volatile oil of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products has certain antibacterial effect.
