Background:RenShenJian decoction,a combination of Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey,has been used in China since the Song Dynasty(960-1279 C.E.)to relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus.However,the ...Background:RenShenJian decoction,a combination of Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey,has been used in China since the Song Dynasty(960-1279 C.E.)to relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus.However,the key compounds in RenShenJian that ameliorate insulin resistance remain unclear.This study identified the anti-diabetic compounds in RenShenJian by rescuing the decreased function of adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),sirtuin 3(SIRT3),or glucose transporter isoform 4(GLUT4).Methods:After streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were treated with RenShenJian,fasting blood glucose levels and protein expression of SIRT3,p-AMPK,and AMPK were determined.Compounds from RenShenJian in plasma were monitored using multiple responses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Additionally,two insulin-resistant cell models were incubated with compounds identified in RenShenJian in the blood.Glucose uptake was determined using the fluorescent analog 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-dia-xol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose.Protein expression levels of p-AMPK,AMPK,SIRT3,and GLUT4 were detected by western blotting.Results:RenShenJian decreased FBG levels and upregulated SIRT3 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in diabetic mice.Thirteen RenShenJian extracts were identified in the blood,11 of which increased the ratios of 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-dia-xol 4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose uptake in two insulin-resistant cell models.Nine extracts increased AMPK phosphorylation,nine increased SIRT3 expression,and six elevated GLUT4 expression in palmitate-induced HepG2 cells.Five extracts-puerarin,puerarin 6″-O-xyloside,genistein,ginsenoside Rb1,and ginsenoside Rd-simultaneously activated AMPK,SIRT3 and GLUT4.Conclusion:A series of compounds in RenShenJian that target AMPK,SIRT3,and/or GLUT4 was confirmed and indicate the chemical material basis of amelioration of insulin resistance by RenShenJian.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to identify the main medicinal active components of Panax ginseng(P. ginseng) in the compatibility environment of clinical application. For this purpose, the anti-inflammatory ingredients o...Objective: This study aimed to identify the main medicinal active components of Panax ginseng(P. ginseng) in the compatibility environment of clinical application. For this purpose, the anti-inflammatory ingredients of P. ginseng were investigated based on its therapeutic effect in Sijunzi Decoction(SJD) which is a widely used traditional Chinese formula.Methods: The fingerprints of 10 batches of SJD consisting of different sources of P. ginseng were established by UPLC technique to investigate the chemical components. At the same time, the antiinflammatory effects of these components were evaluated by dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. Grey relational analysis was applied to explore the correlation degree between fingerprints and anti-inflammatory effects in SJD. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages were established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of the screened effective substances of P. ginseng.Results: According to grey relational analysis, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg2 and ginsenoside Rb3of P. ginseng were the major anti-inflammatory contributions in SJD. They had been proven to be closely associated with the anti-inflammatory process of SJD and displayed a close effect compared with SJD by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages.Conclusion: Our work provides a general strategy for exploring the pharmacological ingredients of P. ginseng in traditional Chinese formulas which is beneficial for establishing the quality standards of traditional herbs in traditional Chinese medicine prescription based on their clinical therapeutic effect.展开更多
Objective: Ginsenosides, polysaccharides and phenols, the main active ingredients in Panax ginseng, are not different significantly in content between 3 and 5 years old of ginsengs called Yuan ginseng and more than te...Objective: Ginsenosides, polysaccharides and phenols, the main active ingredients in Panax ginseng, are not different significantly in content between 3 and 5 years old of ginsengs called Yuan ginseng and more than ten years old ones called Shizhu ginseng. The responsible chemical compounds cannot fully explain difference in efficacy between them. According to reports in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(Jinyinhua in Chinese) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(Gancao in Chinese), microRNA may play a role in efficacy,so we identified microRNAs in P. ginseng at the different growth years and analyzed their target genes.Methods: Using high-throughput sequencing, the RNA-Seq, small RNA-Seq and degradome databases of P. ginseng were constructed. The differentially expressed microRNAs was identified by qRT-PCR.Results: A total of 63,875 unigenes and 24,154,579 small RNA clean reads were obtained from the roots of P. ginseng. From these small RNAs, 71 miRNA families were identified by bioinformatics target prediction software, including 34 conserved miRNAs, 37 non-conserved miRNA families, as well as 179 target genes of 17 known miRNAs. Through degradome sequencing and computation, we finally verified 13 targets of eight miRNAs involved in transcription, energy metabolism, biological stress and disease resistance, suggesting the significance of miRNAs in the development of P. ginseng. Consistently, major miRNA targets exhibited tissue specificity and complexity in expression patterns.Conclusion: Differential expression microRNAs were found in different growth years of ginsengs(Shizhu ginseng and Yuan ginseng), and the regulatory roles and functional annotations of miRNA targets in P. ginseng need further investigation.展开更多
The dry root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey has garnered much interest owing to its medicinal properties against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatogr...The dry root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey has garnered much interest owing to its medicinal properties against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to illustrate the therapeutic mechanisms of ginseng extract on the serum and urinary metabolic profiles in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats. Pharmacological and renal parameters in response to the administration of ginseng were also evaluated. In total, 16 serum endogenous metabolites and 14 urine endogenous metabolites, including pyruvic acid, indoleacetic acid, and phenylacetylglycine, were identified as potential biomarkers for diabetes. Pathway enrichment and network analysis revealed that the biomarkers modulated by ginseng were primarily involved in phenylalanine and pyruvate metabolism, as well as in arginine biosynthesis. Moreover, the levels of several renal injury-related biomarkers in T1DM rats were significantly restored following treatment with ginseng. The administration of the extract helped maintain tissue structure integrity and ameliorated renal injury. The findings suggest that the regulatory effect of ginseng extract on T1DM involves metabolic management of diabetic rats, which subsequently attenuates T1DM-induced early renal dysfunction.展开更多
Panax japonicus, which in the Tujia dialect is known as "Baisan Qi" and "Zhujieshen", is a classic "qi" drug of Tujia ethnomedicine and it has unique effects on disease caused by "qi...Panax japonicus, which in the Tujia dialect is known as "Baisan Qi" and "Zhujieshen", is a classic "qi" drug of Tujia ethnomedicine and it has unique effects on disease caused by "qi" stagnation and blood stasis.This paper serves as the basis of further scientific research and development of Panax japonicus. The pharmacology effects of molecular pharmacology were discussed and summarized. P. japonicus plays an important role on several diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular agents, and this review provides new insights into P. japonicus as promising agents to substitute ginseng and notoginseng.展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773884)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX09301077)+1 种基金Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province(No.20201195)Guangdong Medical Science Foundation(No.B20191067).
文摘Background:RenShenJian decoction,a combination of Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey,has been used in China since the Song Dynasty(960-1279 C.E.)to relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus.However,the key compounds in RenShenJian that ameliorate insulin resistance remain unclear.This study identified the anti-diabetic compounds in RenShenJian by rescuing the decreased function of adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),sirtuin 3(SIRT3),or glucose transporter isoform 4(GLUT4).Methods:After streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were treated with RenShenJian,fasting blood glucose levels and protein expression of SIRT3,p-AMPK,and AMPK were determined.Compounds from RenShenJian in plasma were monitored using multiple responses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Additionally,two insulin-resistant cell models were incubated with compounds identified in RenShenJian in the blood.Glucose uptake was determined using the fluorescent analog 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-dia-xol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose.Protein expression levels of p-AMPK,AMPK,SIRT3,and GLUT4 were detected by western blotting.Results:RenShenJian decreased FBG levels and upregulated SIRT3 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in diabetic mice.Thirteen RenShenJian extracts were identified in the blood,11 of which increased the ratios of 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-dia-xol 4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose uptake in two insulin-resistant cell models.Nine extracts increased AMPK phosphorylation,nine increased SIRT3 expression,and six elevated GLUT4 expression in palmitate-induced HepG2 cells.Five extracts-puerarin,puerarin 6″-O-xyloside,genistein,ginsenoside Rb1,and ginsenoside Rd-simultaneously activated AMPK,SIRT3 and GLUT4.Conclusion:A series of compounds in RenShenJian that target AMPK,SIRT3,and/or GLUT4 was confirmed and indicate the chemical material basis of amelioration of insulin resistance by RenShenJian.
基金financially supported by Science Foundation of Jilin Educational Committee (No. JJKH20200363KJ)Jilin Science & Technology Development Plan (No. 20190304009YY). Jilin Science & Technology Development Plan (No. 20200404090YY)。
文摘Objective: This study aimed to identify the main medicinal active components of Panax ginseng(P. ginseng) in the compatibility environment of clinical application. For this purpose, the anti-inflammatory ingredients of P. ginseng were investigated based on its therapeutic effect in Sijunzi Decoction(SJD) which is a widely used traditional Chinese formula.Methods: The fingerprints of 10 batches of SJD consisting of different sources of P. ginseng were established by UPLC technique to investigate the chemical components. At the same time, the antiinflammatory effects of these components were evaluated by dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. Grey relational analysis was applied to explore the correlation degree between fingerprints and anti-inflammatory effects in SJD. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages were established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of the screened effective substances of P. ginseng.Results: According to grey relational analysis, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg2 and ginsenoside Rb3of P. ginseng were the major anti-inflammatory contributions in SJD. They had been proven to be closely associated with the anti-inflammatory process of SJD and displayed a close effect compared with SJD by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages.Conclusion: Our work provides a general strategy for exploring the pharmacological ingredients of P. ginseng in traditional Chinese formulas which is beneficial for establishing the quality standards of traditional herbs in traditional Chinese medicine prescription based on their clinical therapeutic effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China (No. 81403195)。
文摘Objective: Ginsenosides, polysaccharides and phenols, the main active ingredients in Panax ginseng, are not different significantly in content between 3 and 5 years old of ginsengs called Yuan ginseng and more than ten years old ones called Shizhu ginseng. The responsible chemical compounds cannot fully explain difference in efficacy between them. According to reports in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(Jinyinhua in Chinese) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(Gancao in Chinese), microRNA may play a role in efficacy,so we identified microRNAs in P. ginseng at the different growth years and analyzed their target genes.Methods: Using high-throughput sequencing, the RNA-Seq, small RNA-Seq and degradome databases of P. ginseng were constructed. The differentially expressed microRNAs was identified by qRT-PCR.Results: A total of 63,875 unigenes and 24,154,579 small RNA clean reads were obtained from the roots of P. ginseng. From these small RNAs, 71 miRNA families were identified by bioinformatics target prediction software, including 34 conserved miRNAs, 37 non-conserved miRNA families, as well as 179 target genes of 17 known miRNAs. Through degradome sequencing and computation, we finally verified 13 targets of eight miRNAs involved in transcription, energy metabolism, biological stress and disease resistance, suggesting the significance of miRNAs in the development of P. ginseng. Consistently, major miRNA targets exhibited tissue specificity and complexity in expression patterns.Conclusion: Differential expression microRNAs were found in different growth years of ginsengs(Shizhu ginseng and Yuan ginseng), and the regulatory roles and functional annotations of miRNA targets in P. ginseng need further investigation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2017YFC1702105)Education Department of Jilin Province Project(No.JJKH20201033KJ).
文摘The dry root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey has garnered much interest owing to its medicinal properties against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to illustrate the therapeutic mechanisms of ginseng extract on the serum and urinary metabolic profiles in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats. Pharmacological and renal parameters in response to the administration of ginseng were also evaluated. In total, 16 serum endogenous metabolites and 14 urine endogenous metabolites, including pyruvic acid, indoleacetic acid, and phenylacetylglycine, were identified as potential biomarkers for diabetes. Pathway enrichment and network analysis revealed that the biomarkers modulated by ginseng were primarily involved in phenylalanine and pyruvate metabolism, as well as in arginine biosynthesis. Moreover, the levels of several renal injury-related biomarkers in T1DM rats were significantly restored following treatment with ginseng. The administration of the extract helped maintain tissue structure integrity and ameliorated renal injury. The findings suggest that the regulatory effect of ginseng extract on T1DM involves metabolic management of diabetic rats, which subsequently attenuates T1DM-induced early renal dysfunction.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2017JJ5041, 2018JJ2293)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1707900)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703819, 81874369, 81803708, 81673579 and 81374062)Key Research and Development Programs of Hunan Science and Technology Department (No. 2018SK2113, 2018SK2119, 2018WK2081)。
文摘Panax japonicus, which in the Tujia dialect is known as "Baisan Qi" and "Zhujieshen", is a classic "qi" drug of Tujia ethnomedicine and it has unique effects on disease caused by "qi" stagnation and blood stasis.This paper serves as the basis of further scientific research and development of Panax japonicus. The pharmacology effects of molecular pharmacology were discussed and summarized. P. japonicus plays an important role on several diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular agents, and this review provides new insights into P. japonicus as promising agents to substitute ginseng and notoginseng.
