BACKGROUND Panic disorder(PD)involves emotion dysregulation,but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Previous research suggests that implicit emotion regulation may play a central role in PD-related emot...BACKGROUND Panic disorder(PD)involves emotion dysregulation,but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Previous research suggests that implicit emotion regulation may play a central role in PD-related emotion dysregulation and symptom maintenance.However,there is a lack of studies exploring the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD using neurophysiological indicators.AIM To study the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD with eventrelated potentials(ERP).METHODS A total of 25 PD patients and 20 healthy controls(HC)underwent clinical evaluations.The study utilized a case-control design with random sampling,selecting participants for the case group from March to December 2018.Participants performed an affect labeling task,using affect labeling as the experimental condition and gender labeling as the control condition.ERP and behavioral data were recorded to compare the late positive potential(LPP)within and between the groups.RESULTS Both PD and HC groups showed longer reaction times and decreased accuracy under the affect labeling.In the HC group,late LPP amplitudes exhibited a dynamic pattern of initial increase followed by decrease.Importantly,a significant group×condition interaction effect was observed.Simple effect analysis revealed a reduction in the differences of late LPP amplitudes between the affect labeling and gender labeling conditions in the PD group compared to the HC group.Furthermore,among PD patients under the affect labeling,the late LPP was negatively correlated with disease severity,symptom frequency,and intensity.CONCLUSION PD patients demonstrate abnormalities in implicit emotion regulation,hampering their ability to mobilize cognitive resources for downregulating negative emotions.The late LPP amplitude in response to affect labeling may serve as a potentially valuable clinical indicator of PD severity.展开更多
Panic is a common emotion when pedestrians are in danger during the actual evacuation, which can affect pedestrians a lot and may lead to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. However, the systematic studies a...Panic is a common emotion when pedestrians are in danger during the actual evacuation, which can affect pedestrians a lot and may lead to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. However, the systematic studies and quantitative analysis of evacuation panic, such as panic behaviors, panic evolution, and the stress responses of pedestrians with different personality traits to panic emotion are still rare. Here, combined with the theories of OCEAN(openness, conscientiousness,extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism) model and SIS(susceptible, infected, susceptible) model, an extended cellular automata model is established by the floor field method in order to investigate the dynamics of panic emotion in the crowd and dynamics of pedestrians affected by emotion. In the model, pedestrians are divided into stable pedestrians and sensitive pedestrians according to their different personality traits in response to emotion, and their emotional state can be normal or panic. Besides, emotion contagion, emotion decay, and the influence of emotion on pedestrian movement decision-making are also considered. The simulation results show that evacuation efficiency will be reduced, for panic pedestrians may act maladaptive behaviors, thereby making the crowd more chaotic. The results further suggest that improving pedestrian psychological ability and raising the standard of management can effectively increase evacuation efficiency. And it is necessary to reduce the panic level of group as soon as possible at the beginning of evacuation. We hope this research could provide a new method to analyze crowd evacuation in panic situations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of panic disorder(PD).However,the effect of genetic variants on PD remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the associations between glutamate decarbo...BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of panic disorder(PD).However,the effect of genetic variants on PD remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the associations between glutamate decarboxylase 1(GAD1)gene polymorphisms and PD risk and assess the effect of GAD1 gene polymorphisms on the severity of clinical symptoms in PD.METHODS We recruited 230 PD patients and 224 healthy controls in this study.All participants were assessed for anxiety and panic symptom severity using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A)and Panic Disorder Severity Scale(PDSS).GAD1 gene polymorphisms(rs1978340 and rs3749034)were genotyped and assessed for allele frequencies.RESULTS There were no significant differences between cases and controls in the genotype distributions or allele frequencies of GAD1(rs1978340 and rs3749034).In addition,the effect of GAD1(rs1978340 and rs3749034)on PD severity was not significant.However,regarding respiratory symptoms,patients with the GAD1 rs1978340 A/A genotype had significantly higher scores than those with the A/G or G/G genotype.CONCLUSION Here,we showed that the A/A genotype of GAD1 rs1978340 was associated with increased severity of respiratory symptoms in patients with PD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antidepressants,particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,are currently considered the first-line treatment for panic disorder(PD).However,little is known about the relationship between the bioma...BACKGROUND Antidepressants,particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,are currently considered the first-line treatment for panic disorder(PD).However,little is known about the relationship between the biomarkers that may predict better treatment.AIM To compare genome-wide methylation and gene expression patterns between responsive and non-responsive patients with PD after 4 wk of escitalopram treatment.METHODS Thirty patients with PD were enrolled in this study(responders=13;nonresponders=17).All patients were assessed using the PD Severity Scale-Chinese version before and after treatment.The Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC(850k)BeadChip for genome-wide methylation screening and mRNA sequencing was used in all patients with PD.RESULTS A total of 701 differentially methylated positions(DMPs)were found between responders and non-responders(|Δβ|≥0.06,q<0.05),and the hyper-and hypomethylated CpG sites were 511(72.9%)and 190(27.1%),respectively.Relative to non-responders,there were 59 differential transcripts,of which 20 were downregulated and 39 were upregulated(q<0.05).However,no differen tially expressed genes were identified by mRNA sequencing after correcting for multiple testing(|log2(FC)|>1,q>0.05).CONCLUSION This preliminary study showed that DMPs might be associated with the treatment response to escitalopram in PD;however,these DMPs need to be verified in large samples.展开更多
AIM To provide an overview of the current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic disorder.METHODS Panic disorder(PD) is a frequent psychiatric disease. Gorman et al(1989; 2000) proposed a comprehensive neuro...AIM To provide an overview of the current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic disorder.METHODS Panic disorder(PD) is a frequent psychiatric disease. Gorman et al(1989; 2000) proposed a comprehensive neuroanatomical model of PD, which suggested that fear-and anxiety-related responses are mediated by a so-called "fear network" which is centered in the amygdala and includes the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray region, locus coeruleus and other brainstem sites. We performed a systematic search by the electronic database PubMed. Thereby, the main focus was laid on recent neurofunctional, neurostructural, and neurochemical studies(from the period between January 2012 and April 2016). Within this frame, special attention was given to the emerging field of imaging genetics. RESULTS We noted that many neuroimaging studies have reinforced the role of the "fear network" regions in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. However, recent functional studies suggest abnormal activation mainly in an extended fear network comprising brainstem, anterior and midcingulate cortex(ACC and MCC), insula, and lateral as well as medial parts of the prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, differences in the amygdala activation were not as consistently reported as one would predict from the hypothesis of Gorman et al(2000). Indeed, amygdala hyperactivation seems to strongly depend on stimuli and experimental paradigms, sample heterogeneity and size, as well as on limitations of neuroimaging techniques. Advanced neurochemical studies have substantiated the major role of serotonergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of PD. However, alterations of GABAergic function in PD are still a matter of debate and also their specificity remains questionable. A promising new research approach is "imaging genetics". Imaging genetic studies are designed to evaluate the impact of genetic variations(polymorphisms) on cerebral function in regions critical for PD. Most recently, imaging genetic studies have not only confirmed the importance of serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission in the etiology of PD but also indicated the significance of neuropeptide S receptor, CRH receptor, human TransM EMbrane protein(TMEM123D), and amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2(ACCN2) genes. CONCLUSION In light of these findings it is conceivable that in the near future this research will lead to the development of clinically useful tools like predictive biomarkers or novel treatment options.展开更多
Food hoarding is prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic.To investigate the mechanism of urban consumers’food hoarding behaviors,we categorize hoarding motives into rational and irrational ones.Using random online sur...Food hoarding is prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic.To investigate the mechanism of urban consumers’food hoarding behaviors,we categorize hoarding motives into rational and irrational ones.Using random online survey samples from three cities in China,we employ the multivariate probit model to investigate the rational and irrational motives on food hoarding behavior.Our results confirmed the existence of both rational and irrational food hoarding,and also found factors attributing to the different buying behaviors.The amount of food at hand and the expectation on the infection possibility of COVID-19 are two major factors affecting rational hoarding.Bad mood and herd psychology are factors contributing to panic buying.This study provides an empirical evidence to support intervention policies aiming at mitigating panic buying behavior.展开更多
The study of the panic evacuation process is of great significance to emergency management.Panic not only causes negative emotions such as irritability and anxiety,but also affects the pedestrians decision-making proc...The study of the panic evacuation process is of great significance to emergency management.Panic not only causes negative emotions such as irritability and anxiety,but also affects the pedestrians decision-making process,thereby inducing the abnormal crowd behavior.Prompted by the epidemiological SIR model,an extended floor field cellular automaton model was proposed to investigate the pedestrian dynamics under the threat of hazard resulting from the panic contagion.In the model,the conception of panic transmission status(PTS)was put forward to describe pedestrians’behavior who could transmit panic emotions to others.The model also indicated the pedestrian movement was governed by the static and hazard threat floor field.Then rules that panic could influence decision-making process were set up based on the floor field theory.The simulation results show that the stronger the pedestrian panic,the more sensitive pedestrians are to hazards,and the less able to rationally find safe exits.However,when the crowd density is high,the panic contagion has a less impact on the evacuation process of pedestrians.It is also found that when the hazard position is closer to the exit,the panic will propagate for a longer time and have a greater impact on the evacuation.The results also suggest that as the extent of pedestrian’s familiarity with the environment increases,pedestrians spend less time to escape from the room and are less sensitive to the hazard.In addition,it is essential to point out that,compared with the impact of panic contagion,the pedestrian’s familiarity with environment has a more significant influence on the evacuation.展开更多
Objective: In this pilot study, given the prevalence of hypertension and panic disorder as described in the literature, we proposed to fill the gaps in the literature on the possible utility of SSRI medication as an a...Objective: In this pilot study, given the prevalence of hypertension and panic disorder as described in the literature, we proposed to fill the gaps in the literature on the possible utility of SSRI medication as an adjunct treatment in individuals with panic disorder and hypertension. Methods: We planned to only recruit patients with panic disorder who fit the criteria independently for treatment with SSRI;i.e. treatment would be given based on clinical need and currently accepted Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) criteria. Thereafter, we would monitor their BP at baseline, 14 days and 28 days to determine if there has been an effect on the individual’s BP. Results: Based on the observation above, there may be a trend of a reduction in systolic and diastolic BP after the commencement of sertraline. Conclusion: In order to confirm this observation, a larger sample size is required in the future. This pilot study proposed to meet the objectives as listed below;however due to difficulty with recruitment, only 2 out of 4 participants will be discussed in the analysis.展开更多
Objective: To determine serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis in panic disorder (PD). Methods: Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were measured in the patients with 40 PD patients and 40 healthy subject...Objective: To determine serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis in panic disorder (PD). Methods: Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were measured in the patients with 40 PD patients and 40 healthy subjects. Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were measured with a novel colorimetric, automated method. The thiol-disulfide ratio was also calculated. Results: The native thiol (p Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature to evaluate thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with PD. Our results suggest that the disulfide/thiol ratio is significantly greater in panic disorder patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Panic disorders frequently occur with affective disorders,particularly bipolar disorder.Patients with panic disorder and bipolar disorder are more likely to present with severe symptoms,such as high rates o...BACKGROUND Panic disorders frequently occur with affective disorders,particularly bipolar disorder.Patients with panic disorder and bipolar disorder are more likely to present with severe symptoms,such as high rates of suicidal behavior,poor symptomatic and functional recovery,and poor drug responses.AIM To investigate the psychological characteristics of panic disorder patients related to bipolarity.METHODS A total of 254 patients(136 men and 118 women,mean age=33.48±3.2 years)who were diagnosed with panic disorder were included in the study.Panic disorder with bipolarity(BP+)was defined as a score of≥7 on the Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire(K-MDQ),and a score lower than 7 was considered as a panic disorder without bipolarity(BP-).Self-report questionnaires were analyzed to examine their association with bipolarity.Psychological tests used in the study were the Mood Disorder Questionnaire(MDQ),Panic Disorder Severity Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI),Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI),and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI).Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between bipolarity of panic disorder patients and various psychological test results indicative of psychological characteristics.RESULTS Patients with a K-MDQ score of 7 or more were considered to have a history of manic or hypomanic episodes(BP+group,n=128),while patients with K-MDQ scores below 7 were defined as those without bipolarity(BP-group,n=126).The BP+group were more likely to be unmarried(single 56.2%vs 44.4%,P=0.008)and younger(30.78±0.59 vs 37.11±3.21,P<0.001).Additionally,the BP+group had significantly higher scores on psychological assessment scales,such as the hypochondriasis,psychopathic deviate,masculinity-femininity,psychasthenia,schizophrenia,and hypomania(Ma)in MMPI,and novelty seeking,harm avoidance and self-transcendence in TCI,and STAI(state and trait)compared to the BP-group.In logistic regression analysis,depression in MMPI,selfdirectedness in TCI,and age were negatively associated with MDQ score,meanwhile,Ma in MMPI and STAI(trait)were positively associated with MDQ score.CONCLUSION The result of this study suggests that almost 50%of patients with panic disorder are likely to have hypomanic or manic symptoms,and certain psychological factors are associated bipolarity in panic disorder.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although panic buying(PB)is a ubiquitous behavior,it became prominent during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.However,studies are inadequate to explore the different aspects of it,even though it covers...BACKGROUND Although panic buying(PB)is a ubiquitous behavior,it became prominent during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.However,studies are inadequate to explore the different aspects of it,even though it covers several perspectives of life and academic domains.AIM To assess the research that have been conducted on PB.METHODS A search was conducted to identify the articles in PubMed,PubMed Central,Scopus,and Google Scholar using the search term“panic buying”on November 15,2020.A total of 104 articles was extracted from the initial search.After removing duplicates and initial and full-text screening,42 articles were included in the study.We only considered peer-reviewed published articles that can be downloaded in a full portable document format.Articles published in other languages and preprints were excluded.RESULTS Among the 42 articles,27 were original contributions,6 were correspondences,3 were commentaries,3 were review articles,and there was one each for editorial,opinion,and discussion type of articles.Several domains have been researched such as psychology,responsible factors,supply chain,management,disaster preparedness,e-commerce,consumer behavior,marketing,prevention strategies,media,social network,economics,personality,and engineering.Authors from several disciplines,such as psychiatry,management,economics,business,sales and marketing,consumer behavior,public health,communication,information management,sociology,engineering,business administration,psychology,nursing,health economics,food policy,epidemiology,and community health,have been studied it.Definition,causative model,econometric model,controlling strategy,and measuring instrument have been reported.A total of 18 papers had cross-country collaboration,and ten were funded projects.Most of the authors were affiliated with the institutions of Australia,Bangladesh,China,India,Singapore,and the United States.CONCLUSION PB is a relatively newer concept to get the attention of the research community.Further robust studies with replication of the findings are warranted to explore,predict,and control during crises.展开更多
SPEAKINC IN PUBLIC is most people’s least favor-ite thing. The reason is that we’re all afraid of makingfools of ourselves. The more important the speech, themore frightened we become. But stop biting your fingernai...SPEAKINC IN PUBLIC is most people’s least favor-ite thing. The reason is that we’re all afraid of makingfools of ourselves. The more important the speech, themore frightened we become. But stop biting your fingernails. Public speaking iseasy. It’s just plain talking, and you talk all the time.展开更多
The outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019 is still spreading all over the world.This sudden epidemic has not only led to a devastating disaster,but also triggered the psychological panic of all mankind.This psychological ...The outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019 is still spreading all over the world.This sudden epidemic has not only led to a devastating disaster,but also triggered the psychological panic of all mankind.This psychological panic is mainly embodied at ontological level of life morality panic,and its essence is the panic which might end individual’s hope for freedom.However,when ontological thinking of life morality comes to practical level,some digital narratives that pay too much attention to“user experience”will cause panic at the level of moral practice in audience,and then arouse populist feelings hidden in people.The increasingly updated digital technology not only enhances independent expression and communication ability of social individuals,but also leads to a gradually enlarged vicious circle between digital production mechanism and feelings of“moral panic populism”.The rational implementation of cultural power through digital media may appropriately solve this problem.展开更多
Background:Amygdala plays an important role in the neurobiological basis of panic disorder(PD),and the amygdala contains different subregions,which may play different roles in PD.The aim of the present study was to ex...Background:Amygdala plays an important role in the neurobiological basis of panic disorder(PD),and the amygdala contains different subregions,which may play different roles in PD.The aim of the present study was to examine whether there are common or distinct patterns of functional connectivity of the amygdala subregions in PD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and to explore the relationship between the abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity patterns of the regions of interest(ROIs)and the clinical symptoms of PD patients.Methods:Fifty-three drug-naïve,non-comorbid PD patients and 70 healthy controls(HCs)were recruited.Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)analyses were conducted using the bilateral amygdalae and its subregions as the ROI seed.Two samples t test was performed for the seed-based Fisher's z-transformed correlation maps.The relationship between the abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity patterns of the ROIs and the clinical symptoms of PD patients was investigated by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:PD patients showed increased rsFC of the bilateral amygdalae and almost all the amygdala subregions with the precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus compared with the HC group(left amygdala[lAMY]:t=4.84,P<0.001;right amygdala[rAMY]:t=4.55,P<0.001;left centromedial amygdala[lCMA]:t=3.87,P<0.001;right centromedial amygdala[rCMA]:t=3.82,P=0.002;left laterobasal amygdala[lBLA]:t=4.33,P<0.001;right laterobasal amygdala[rBLA]:t=4.97,P<0.001;left superficial amygdala[lSFA]:t=3.26,P=0.006).The rsFC of the lBLA with the left angular gyrus/inferior parietal lobule remarkably increased in the PD group(t=3.70,P=0.003).And most of the altered rsFCs were located in the default mode network(DMN).A significant positive correlation was observed between the severity of anxiety and the rsFC between the lSFA and the left precuneus in PD patients(r=0.285,P=0.039).Conclusions:Our research suggested that the increased rsFC of amygdala subregions with DMN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.Future studies may further explore whether the rsFC of amygdala subregions,especially with the regions in DMN,can be used as a biological marker of PD.展开更多
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81871080the Key R&D Program of Jining(Major Program),No.2023YXNS004+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81401486the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China,No.20170540276the Medicine and Health Science Technology Development Program of Shandong Province,No.202003070713.
文摘BACKGROUND Panic disorder(PD)involves emotion dysregulation,but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Previous research suggests that implicit emotion regulation may play a central role in PD-related emotion dysregulation and symptom maintenance.However,there is a lack of studies exploring the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD using neurophysiological indicators.AIM To study the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD with eventrelated potentials(ERP).METHODS A total of 25 PD patients and 20 healthy controls(HC)underwent clinical evaluations.The study utilized a case-control design with random sampling,selecting participants for the case group from March to December 2018.Participants performed an affect labeling task,using affect labeling as the experimental condition and gender labeling as the control condition.ERP and behavioral data were recorded to compare the late positive potential(LPP)within and between the groups.RESULTS Both PD and HC groups showed longer reaction times and decreased accuracy under the affect labeling.In the HC group,late LPP amplitudes exhibited a dynamic pattern of initial increase followed by decrease.Importantly,a significant group×condition interaction effect was observed.Simple effect analysis revealed a reduction in the differences of late LPP amplitudes between the affect labeling and gender labeling conditions in the PD group compared to the HC group.Furthermore,among PD patients under the affect labeling,the late LPP was negatively correlated with disease severity,symptom frequency,and intensity.CONCLUSION PD patients demonstrate abnormalities in implicit emotion regulation,hampering their ability to mobilize cognitive resources for downregulating negative emotions.The late LPP amplitude in response to affect labeling may serve as a potentially valuable clinical indicator of PD severity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 71790613 and 72091512)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2020SK2004)。
文摘Panic is a common emotion when pedestrians are in danger during the actual evacuation, which can affect pedestrians a lot and may lead to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. However, the systematic studies and quantitative analysis of evacuation panic, such as panic behaviors, panic evolution, and the stress responses of pedestrians with different personality traits to panic emotion are still rare. Here, combined with the theories of OCEAN(openness, conscientiousness,extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism) model and SIS(susceptible, infected, susceptible) model, an extended cellular automata model is established by the floor field method in order to investigate the dynamics of panic emotion in the crowd and dynamics of pedestrians affected by emotion. In the model, pedestrians are divided into stable pedestrians and sensitive pedestrians according to their different personality traits in response to emotion, and their emotional state can be normal or panic. Besides, emotion contagion, emotion decay, and the influence of emotion on pedestrian movement decision-making are also considered. The simulation results show that evacuation efficiency will be reduced, for panic pedestrians may act maladaptive behaviors, thereby making the crowd more chaotic. The results further suggest that improving pedestrian psychological ability and raising the standard of management can effectively increase evacuation efficiency. And it is necessary to reduce the panic level of group as soon as possible at the beginning of evacuation. We hope this research could provide a new method to analyze crowd evacuation in panic situations.
文摘BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of panic disorder(PD).However,the effect of genetic variants on PD remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the associations between glutamate decarboxylase 1(GAD1)gene polymorphisms and PD risk and assess the effect of GAD1 gene polymorphisms on the severity of clinical symptoms in PD.METHODS We recruited 230 PD patients and 224 healthy controls in this study.All participants were assessed for anxiety and panic symptom severity using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A)and Panic Disorder Severity Scale(PDSS).GAD1 gene polymorphisms(rs1978340 and rs3749034)were genotyped and assessed for allele frequencies.RESULTS There were no significant differences between cases and controls in the genotype distributions or allele frequencies of GAD1(rs1978340 and rs3749034).In addition,the effect of GAD1(rs1978340 and rs3749034)on PD severity was not significant.However,regarding respiratory symptoms,patients with the GAD1 rs1978340 A/A genotype had significantly higher scores than those with the A/G or G/G genotype.CONCLUSION Here,we showed that the A/A genotype of GAD1 rs1978340 was associated with increased severity of respiratory symptoms in patients with PD.
基金Supported by The Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital Translational Medicine Fund,No.2021LY02.
文摘BACKGROUND Antidepressants,particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,are currently considered the first-line treatment for panic disorder(PD).However,little is known about the relationship between the biomarkers that may predict better treatment.AIM To compare genome-wide methylation and gene expression patterns between responsive and non-responsive patients with PD after 4 wk of escitalopram treatment.METHODS Thirty patients with PD were enrolled in this study(responders=13;nonresponders=17).All patients were assessed using the PD Severity Scale-Chinese version before and after treatment.The Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC(850k)BeadChip for genome-wide methylation screening and mRNA sequencing was used in all patients with PD.RESULTS A total of 701 differentially methylated positions(DMPs)were found between responders and non-responders(|Δβ|≥0.06,q<0.05),and the hyper-and hypomethylated CpG sites were 511(72.9%)and 190(27.1%),respectively.Relative to non-responders,there were 59 differential transcripts,of which 20 were downregulated and 39 were upregulated(q<0.05).However,no differen tially expressed genes were identified by mRNA sequencing after correcting for multiple testing(|log2(FC)|>1,q>0.05).CONCLUSION This preliminary study showed that DMPs might be associated with the treatment response to escitalopram in PD;however,these DMPs need to be verified in large samples.
文摘AIM To provide an overview of the current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic disorder.METHODS Panic disorder(PD) is a frequent psychiatric disease. Gorman et al(1989; 2000) proposed a comprehensive neuroanatomical model of PD, which suggested that fear-and anxiety-related responses are mediated by a so-called "fear network" which is centered in the amygdala and includes the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray region, locus coeruleus and other brainstem sites. We performed a systematic search by the electronic database PubMed. Thereby, the main focus was laid on recent neurofunctional, neurostructural, and neurochemical studies(from the period between January 2012 and April 2016). Within this frame, special attention was given to the emerging field of imaging genetics. RESULTS We noted that many neuroimaging studies have reinforced the role of the "fear network" regions in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. However, recent functional studies suggest abnormal activation mainly in an extended fear network comprising brainstem, anterior and midcingulate cortex(ACC and MCC), insula, and lateral as well as medial parts of the prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, differences in the amygdala activation were not as consistently reported as one would predict from the hypothesis of Gorman et al(2000). Indeed, amygdala hyperactivation seems to strongly depend on stimuli and experimental paradigms, sample heterogeneity and size, as well as on limitations of neuroimaging techniques. Advanced neurochemical studies have substantiated the major role of serotonergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of PD. However, alterations of GABAergic function in PD are still a matter of debate and also their specificity remains questionable. A promising new research approach is "imaging genetics". Imaging genetic studies are designed to evaluate the impact of genetic variations(polymorphisms) on cerebral function in regions critical for PD. Most recently, imaging genetic studies have not only confirmed the importance of serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission in the etiology of PD but also indicated the significance of neuropeptide S receptor, CRH receptor, human TransM EMbrane protein(TMEM123D), and amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2(ACCN2) genes. CONCLUSION In light of these findings it is conceivable that in the near future this research will lead to the development of clinically useful tools like predictive biomarkers or novel treatment options.
基金The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72003008)the Social Science Funding from Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(SM201810011002)2017 Beijing High Level Group Building Program,China(IDHT20170505).
文摘Food hoarding is prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic.To investigate the mechanism of urban consumers’food hoarding behaviors,we categorize hoarding motives into rational and irrational ones.Using random online survey samples from three cities in China,we employ the multivariate probit model to investigate the rational and irrational motives on food hoarding behavior.Our results confirmed the existence of both rational and irrational food hoarding,and also found factors attributing to the different buying behaviors.The amount of food at hand and the expectation on the infection possibility of COVID-19 are two major factors affecting rational hoarding.Bad mood and herd psychology are factors contributing to panic buying.This study provides an empirical evidence to support intervention policies aiming at mitigating panic buying behavior.
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC0810804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.7197010332)。
文摘The study of the panic evacuation process is of great significance to emergency management.Panic not only causes negative emotions such as irritability and anxiety,but also affects the pedestrians decision-making process,thereby inducing the abnormal crowd behavior.Prompted by the epidemiological SIR model,an extended floor field cellular automaton model was proposed to investigate the pedestrian dynamics under the threat of hazard resulting from the panic contagion.In the model,the conception of panic transmission status(PTS)was put forward to describe pedestrians’behavior who could transmit panic emotions to others.The model also indicated the pedestrian movement was governed by the static and hazard threat floor field.Then rules that panic could influence decision-making process were set up based on the floor field theory.The simulation results show that the stronger the pedestrian panic,the more sensitive pedestrians are to hazards,and the less able to rationally find safe exits.However,when the crowd density is high,the panic contagion has a less impact on the evacuation process of pedestrians.It is also found that when the hazard position is closer to the exit,the panic will propagate for a longer time and have a greater impact on the evacuation.The results also suggest that as the extent of pedestrian’s familiarity with the environment increases,pedestrians spend less time to escape from the room and are less sensitive to the hazard.In addition,it is essential to point out that,compared with the impact of panic contagion,the pedestrian’s familiarity with environment has a more significant influence on the evacuation.
文摘Objective: In this pilot study, given the prevalence of hypertension and panic disorder as described in the literature, we proposed to fill the gaps in the literature on the possible utility of SSRI medication as an adjunct treatment in individuals with panic disorder and hypertension. Methods: We planned to only recruit patients with panic disorder who fit the criteria independently for treatment with SSRI;i.e. treatment would be given based on clinical need and currently accepted Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) criteria. Thereafter, we would monitor their BP at baseline, 14 days and 28 days to determine if there has been an effect on the individual’s BP. Results: Based on the observation above, there may be a trend of a reduction in systolic and diastolic BP after the commencement of sertraline. Conclusion: In order to confirm this observation, a larger sample size is required in the future. This pilot study proposed to meet the objectives as listed below;however due to difficulty with recruitment, only 2 out of 4 participants will be discussed in the analysis.
文摘Objective: To determine serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis in panic disorder (PD). Methods: Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were measured in the patients with 40 PD patients and 40 healthy subjects. Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were measured with a novel colorimetric, automated method. The thiol-disulfide ratio was also calculated. Results: The native thiol (p Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature to evaluate thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with PD. Our results suggest that the disulfide/thiol ratio is significantly greater in panic disorder patients.
基金the Institutional Review Board of Konkuk University Hospital(IRB number:KUMC 2021-01-028).
文摘BACKGROUND Panic disorders frequently occur with affective disorders,particularly bipolar disorder.Patients with panic disorder and bipolar disorder are more likely to present with severe symptoms,such as high rates of suicidal behavior,poor symptomatic and functional recovery,and poor drug responses.AIM To investigate the psychological characteristics of panic disorder patients related to bipolarity.METHODS A total of 254 patients(136 men and 118 women,mean age=33.48±3.2 years)who were diagnosed with panic disorder were included in the study.Panic disorder with bipolarity(BP+)was defined as a score of≥7 on the Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire(K-MDQ),and a score lower than 7 was considered as a panic disorder without bipolarity(BP-).Self-report questionnaires were analyzed to examine their association with bipolarity.Psychological tests used in the study were the Mood Disorder Questionnaire(MDQ),Panic Disorder Severity Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI),Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI),and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI).Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between bipolarity of panic disorder patients and various psychological test results indicative of psychological characteristics.RESULTS Patients with a K-MDQ score of 7 or more were considered to have a history of manic or hypomanic episodes(BP+group,n=128),while patients with K-MDQ scores below 7 were defined as those without bipolarity(BP-group,n=126).The BP+group were more likely to be unmarried(single 56.2%vs 44.4%,P=0.008)and younger(30.78±0.59 vs 37.11±3.21,P<0.001).Additionally,the BP+group had significantly higher scores on psychological assessment scales,such as the hypochondriasis,psychopathic deviate,masculinity-femininity,psychasthenia,schizophrenia,and hypomania(Ma)in MMPI,and novelty seeking,harm avoidance and self-transcendence in TCI,and STAI(state and trait)compared to the BP-group.In logistic regression analysis,depression in MMPI,selfdirectedness in TCI,and age were negatively associated with MDQ score,meanwhile,Ma in MMPI and STAI(trait)were positively associated with MDQ score.CONCLUSION The result of this study suggests that almost 50%of patients with panic disorder are likely to have hypomanic or manic symptoms,and certain psychological factors are associated bipolarity in panic disorder.
文摘BACKGROUND Although panic buying(PB)is a ubiquitous behavior,it became prominent during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.However,studies are inadequate to explore the different aspects of it,even though it covers several perspectives of life and academic domains.AIM To assess the research that have been conducted on PB.METHODS A search was conducted to identify the articles in PubMed,PubMed Central,Scopus,and Google Scholar using the search term“panic buying”on November 15,2020.A total of 104 articles was extracted from the initial search.After removing duplicates and initial and full-text screening,42 articles were included in the study.We only considered peer-reviewed published articles that can be downloaded in a full portable document format.Articles published in other languages and preprints were excluded.RESULTS Among the 42 articles,27 were original contributions,6 were correspondences,3 were commentaries,3 were review articles,and there was one each for editorial,opinion,and discussion type of articles.Several domains have been researched such as psychology,responsible factors,supply chain,management,disaster preparedness,e-commerce,consumer behavior,marketing,prevention strategies,media,social network,economics,personality,and engineering.Authors from several disciplines,such as psychiatry,management,economics,business,sales and marketing,consumer behavior,public health,communication,information management,sociology,engineering,business administration,psychology,nursing,health economics,food policy,epidemiology,and community health,have been studied it.Definition,causative model,econometric model,controlling strategy,and measuring instrument have been reported.A total of 18 papers had cross-country collaboration,and ten were funded projects.Most of the authors were affiliated with the institutions of Australia,Bangladesh,China,India,Singapore,and the United States.CONCLUSION PB is a relatively newer concept to get the attention of the research community.Further robust studies with replication of the findings are warranted to explore,predict,and control during crises.
文摘SPEAKINC IN PUBLIC is most people’s least favor-ite thing. The reason is that we’re all afraid of makingfools of ourselves. The more important the speech, themore frightened we become. But stop biting your fingernails. Public speaking iseasy. It’s just plain talking, and you talk all the time.
文摘The outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019 is still spreading all over the world.This sudden epidemic has not only led to a devastating disaster,but also triggered the psychological panic of all mankind.This psychological panic is mainly embodied at ontological level of life morality panic,and its essence is the panic which might end individual’s hope for freedom.However,when ontological thinking of life morality comes to practical level,some digital narratives that pay too much attention to“user experience”will cause panic at the level of moral practice in audience,and then arouse populist feelings hidden in people.The increasingly updated digital technology not only enhances independent expression and communication ability of social individuals,but also leads to a gradually enlarged vicious circle between digital production mechanism and feelings of“moral panic populism”.The rational implementation of cultural power through digital media may appropriately solve this problem.
基金Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.2020-1-2121)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z181100001718077)Special Funding of the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development(No.ZYLX201815)
文摘Background:Amygdala plays an important role in the neurobiological basis of panic disorder(PD),and the amygdala contains different subregions,which may play different roles in PD.The aim of the present study was to examine whether there are common or distinct patterns of functional connectivity of the amygdala subregions in PD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and to explore the relationship between the abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity patterns of the regions of interest(ROIs)and the clinical symptoms of PD patients.Methods:Fifty-three drug-naïve,non-comorbid PD patients and 70 healthy controls(HCs)were recruited.Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)analyses were conducted using the bilateral amygdalae and its subregions as the ROI seed.Two samples t test was performed for the seed-based Fisher's z-transformed correlation maps.The relationship between the abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity patterns of the ROIs and the clinical symptoms of PD patients was investigated by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:PD patients showed increased rsFC of the bilateral amygdalae and almost all the amygdala subregions with the precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus compared with the HC group(left amygdala[lAMY]:t=4.84,P<0.001;right amygdala[rAMY]:t=4.55,P<0.001;left centromedial amygdala[lCMA]:t=3.87,P<0.001;right centromedial amygdala[rCMA]:t=3.82,P=0.002;left laterobasal amygdala[lBLA]:t=4.33,P<0.001;right laterobasal amygdala[rBLA]:t=4.97,P<0.001;left superficial amygdala[lSFA]:t=3.26,P=0.006).The rsFC of the lBLA with the left angular gyrus/inferior parietal lobule remarkably increased in the PD group(t=3.70,P=0.003).And most of the altered rsFCs were located in the default mode network(DMN).A significant positive correlation was observed between the severity of anxiety and the rsFC between the lSFA and the left precuneus in PD patients(r=0.285,P=0.039).Conclusions:Our research suggested that the increased rsFC of amygdala subregions with DMN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.Future studies may further explore whether the rsFC of amygdala subregions,especially with the regions in DMN,can be used as a biological marker of PD.
