Recent discoveries have revealed a groundbreaking phenomenon where light alone, without any thermal input, can induce water evaporation, termed the “photomolecular effect”. This study explores a novel hypothesis tha...Recent discoveries have revealed a groundbreaking phenomenon where light alone, without any thermal input, can induce water evaporation, termed the “photomolecular effect”. This study explores a novel hypothesis that this effect can be explained by ortho-para magnetic spin interactions in water molecules within the water-air interface layer. Water molecules, consisting of hydrogen and oxygen, exhibit different nuclear spin states: ortho-(triplet) and para-(singlet). The interaction of polarized light with these spin states may induce transitions between the rotational levels of ortho- and para-forms due to catalysts like triplet oxygen (O2) in its inhomogeneous magnetic field. Resonance pumping at 532 nm (~18,797 cm−1) due to the transition v1-v2-v3 ~ 0-8-2 (~18,796 cm−1) results in an increase in molecular energy sufficient to overcome intermolecular forces at the water surface, thereby causing evaporation. The proposed ortho-para conversion mechanism involves spin-orbit coupling and specific resonance conditions. This theory provides a quantum mechanical perspective on the photomolecular effect, potentially offering insights into natural processes such as cloud formation and climate modeling, as well as practical applications in solar desalination and industrial drying. Further experimental validation is required to confirm the role of spin interactions in light-induced water evaporation.展开更多
A [P. Rajakumar, A.M.A. Rasheed, Tetrahedron 61（22） （2005） 5351] para-cyclophane derivative was synthesized via intramolecular esterification of a dipeptide surrogate containing asparagine to form tetrahydropyrimi...A [P. Rajakumar, A.M.A. Rasheed, Tetrahedron 61（22） （2005） 5351] para-cyclophane derivative was synthesized via intramolecular esterification of a dipeptide surrogate containing asparagine to form tetrahydropyrimidinone ring. The structures of the product and intermediates were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrum.展开更多
The orientational order of two liquid crystals , namely, 6 [4 (4 nitrophenylazo)phenyloxy] hexyl diethanolamines(C6) and 10 1 bromo[4 (nitrophenylazo)phenyloxy] alkane(B10) was studied by means of 2H...The orientational order of two liquid crystals , namely, 6 [4 (4 nitrophenylazo)phenyloxy] hexyl diethanolamines(C6) and 10 1 bromo[4 (nitrophenylazo)phenyloxy] alkane(B10) was studied by means of 2H NMR spectroscopy with hexamethylbenzene d 18 as the probe molecule. The results show that the directors in the smectic A phase of C6 and the nematic phase of B10 could be aligned, which was parallel to the magnetic field. The orientational order parameter of the solute molecules in C6 was about 0.2, while it is only 0.1 in B10, which is expected because the more ordered smectic phase tends to align solute molecules to a high level. Compared to the orientational order parameter of the solute in the SmC phase of 4[3,4,5 tris(4 dodecyloxybenzyloxy) benzoyloxy] 4 (4′ dodecyloxybenzoyloxy)biphenyl (Ⅰ) ( P 2=0.14 ), it is larger in SmA phase of C6. The relatively higher orientational order parameter of the solute in C6 is attributed to the formation of intermolecular H bonds in the SmA phase of C6.展开更多
5.1% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixed with 2% of chlorhexidine (CHX) forms a brown precipitate that corresponds to para-chloroaniline (PCA), whether PCA is formed after the combination of NaOCl, CHX, and ethylened...5.1% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixed with 2% of chlorhexidine (CHX) forms a brown precipitate that corresponds to para-chloroaniline (PCA), whether PCA is formed after the combination of NaOCl, CHX, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) by means of electron impact (high resolution and interlaced scanning) and ionization by fast atom bombardment (FAB), was analyzed. The brown precipitate, showed signals 127 and 153 Da, corresponding to p-chloroaniline and p-chlorophenyl isocyanate, respectively. These results were analyzed and compared with signals from the interlaced scanning program and confirmed with high resolution mass spectrometry analysis and compared with the NIST database. The mass spectra of this precipitated after different days confirmed the evolution of byproducts with the presence of a peak m/z = 127, due to the decrease of the fragment m/z = 153, which disappeared after 180 days. A blue and a white precipitate were observed by the addition of CHX (2%) with or without polyethylene glycol, respectively, EDTA (17%) and NaOCl (5.1%) precipitates contain chlorhexidine (m/z = 505), but no PCA was detected. We confirmed that PCA is not formed directly as a byproduct of CHX oxidation, but through the formation of the para-chlorophenyl isocyanate intermediate, which degrades slowly to PCA.展开更多
BACKGROUND Owing to the technical difficulty of pathological diagnosis, imaging is still the most commonly used method for clinical diagnosis of para-aortic lymph node metastasis(PALM) and evaluation of therapeutic ef...BACKGROUND Owing to the technical difficulty of pathological diagnosis, imaging is still the most commonly used method for clinical diagnosis of para-aortic lymph node metastasis(PALM) and evaluation of therapeutic effects in gastric cancer, which leads to inevitable false-positive findings in imaging. Patients with clinical PALM may have entirely different pathological stages(stage IV or not), which require completely different treatment strategies. There is no consensus on whether surgical intervention should be implemented for this group of patients. In particular, the value of D2 gastrectomy in a multidisciplinary treatment(MDT)approach for advanced gastric cancer with clinical PALM remains unknown.AIM To investigate the value of D2 gastrectomy in a MDT approach for gastric cancer patients with clinical PALM.METHODS In this real-world study, clinico-pathological data of all gastric cancer patients treated at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2011 and 2016 were reviewed to identify those with clinically enlarged PALM. All the clinico-pathological data were prospectively documented in the patient medical record. For all the gastric cancer patients with advanced stage disease,especially those with suspicious distant metastasis, the treatment methods were determined by a multidisciplinary team.RESULTS In total, 48 of 7077 primary gastric cancer patients were diagnosed as having clinical PALM without other distant metastases. All 48 patients received chemotherapy as the initial treatment. Complete or partial response was observed in 39.6%(19/48) of patients in overall and 52.1%(25/48) of patients in the primary tumor. Complete response of PALM was observed in 50.0%(24/48)of patients. After chemotherapy, 45.8%(22/48) of patients received D2 gastrectomy, and 12.5%(6/48) of patients received additional radiotherapy. The postoperative major complication rate and mortality were 27.3%(6/22) and 4.5%(1/22), respectively. The median overall survival and progression-free survival of all the patients were 18.9 and 12.1 mo, respectively. The median overall survival of patients who underwent surgical resection or not was 50.7 and 12.8 mo,respectively. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 56.8% and 47.3%,respectively, for patients who underwent D2 resection. Limited PALM and complete response of PALM after chemotherapy were identified as favorable factors for D2 gastrectomy.CONCLUSION For gastric cancer patients with radiologically suspicious PALM that responds well to chemotherapy, D2 gastrectomy could be a safe and effective treatment and should be adopted in a MDT approach for gastric cancer with clinical PALM.展开更多
Toluene methylation with methanol on H‐ZSM‐5(Z5)zeolite for the directional transformation of toluene to xylene has been industrialized.However,great challenges remain because of the high energy barrier of methanol ...Toluene methylation with methanol on H‐ZSM‐5(Z5)zeolite for the directional transformation of toluene to xylene has been industrialized.However,great challenges remain because of the high energy barrier of methanol deprotonation to the methoxy group,the side reaction of methanol to olefins,coke formation,and the deactivation of zeolites.Herein,we report the toluene methylation coupled with CO hydrogenation to showcase an enhancement in para‐xylene(PX)selectivity by employing a bifunctional catalyst composed of ZnZrO_(x)(ZZO)and modified Z5.The results showed that a PX selectivity of up to 81.8%in xylene and xylene selectivity of 64.8%in hydrocarbons at 10.3%toluene conversion can be realized over the bifunctional catalyst on a fixed‐bed reactor.The selectivity of gaseous hydrocarbons decreased to 10.9%,and approximately half of that was observed in methanol reagent route where the PX selectivity in xylene was 38.8%.We observed that the acid strength,the quantity ratio of Brönsted and Lewis acid sites,and the pore size of zeolites were essential for the PX selectivity.The investigation of the H_(2)/D_(2) kinetic isotope effect revealed that the newborn methyl group in xylene resulted from the hydrogenation of CO rather than toluene disproportionation.Furthermore,the catalyst showed no evident deactivation within the 100 h stability test.The findings offer a promising route for the production of value‐added PX with high selectivity via toluene methylation coupled with syngas conversion.展开更多
Background: In general, para-aortic lymph node(LN16) metastasis has been considered as a contraindication for pancreatic resection. However, some pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis have been reported to s...Background: In general, para-aortic lymph node(LN16) metastasis has been considered as a contraindication for pancreatic resection. However, some pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis have been reported to survive for longer than expected after pancreatectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis might benefit from surgery.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 201 consecutive patients with invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery at Osaka National Hospital between April 2003 and December 2012.These patients included 22 patients with LN16 metastasis who underwent an extended lymphadenectomy and 25 patients who underwent a palliative surgical biliary and gastric bypass. The clinicopathological data and outcomes were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The overall survival of the patients with LN16 metastasis was poorer than that of the LN16-negative patients(P = 0.0014). An overall survival analysis of the LN16-positive patients stratified according to the preoperative CA19-9 level showed a significant difference between patients with a low preoperative CA19-9 level(≤360 U/mL) and those with a high preoperative CA19-9 level(>360 U/mL)(P = 0.0301). No significant difference in overall survival of patients was observed between those with LN16 positivity and those who underwent bypass surgery. However, the overall survival of the LN16-positive patients with a CA19-9 level ≤360 U/mL(n = 11) was significantly higher than that of those who underwent bypass surgery(P = 0.0452).Conclusion: Surgical resection and extended lymphadenectomy remains an option for pancreatic cancer patients with LN16-positivity whose CA19-9 level is ≤360 U/mL.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the piano wire’s vibration characteristics, the authors estab lished the mechanical model of piano wire proba bility screen , obtained the analytic so lution of thestable forced vibration...Based on the analysis of the piano wire’s vibration characteristics, the authors estab lished the mechanical model of piano wire proba bility screen , obtained the analytic so lution of thestable forced vibration of screen wires , and developed the para meter designfor m ula of the piano wire screen . The para meter design form ula has been used in coalpreparation industry .展开更多
AIM: To study the diagnostic value of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), evaluated by transient elastography, for liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
文摘Recent discoveries have revealed a groundbreaking phenomenon where light alone, without any thermal input, can induce water evaporation, termed the “photomolecular effect”. This study explores a novel hypothesis that this effect can be explained by ortho-para magnetic spin interactions in water molecules within the water-air interface layer. Water molecules, consisting of hydrogen and oxygen, exhibit different nuclear spin states: ortho-(triplet) and para-(singlet). The interaction of polarized light with these spin states may induce transitions between the rotational levels of ortho- and para-forms due to catalysts like triplet oxygen (O2) in its inhomogeneous magnetic field. Resonance pumping at 532 nm (~18,797 cm−1) due to the transition v1-v2-v3 ~ 0-8-2 (~18,796 cm−1) results in an increase in molecular energy sufficient to overcome intermolecular forces at the water surface, thereby causing evaporation. The proposed ortho-para conversion mechanism involves spin-orbit coupling and specific resonance conditions. This theory provides a quantum mechanical perspective on the photomolecular effect, potentially offering insights into natural processes such as cloud formation and climate modeling, as well as practical applications in solar desalination and industrial drying. Further experimental validation is required to confirm the role of spin interactions in light-induced water evaporation.
文摘A [P. Rajakumar, A.M.A. Rasheed, Tetrahedron 61（22） （2005） 5351] para-cyclophane derivative was synthesized via intramolecular esterification of a dipeptide surrogate containing asparagine to form tetrahydropyrimidinone ring. The structures of the product and intermediates were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrum.
文摘The orientational order of two liquid crystals , namely, 6 [4 (4 nitrophenylazo)phenyloxy] hexyl diethanolamines(C6) and 10 1 bromo[4 (nitrophenylazo)phenyloxy] alkane(B10) was studied by means of 2H NMR spectroscopy with hexamethylbenzene d 18 as the probe molecule. The results show that the directors in the smectic A phase of C6 and the nematic phase of B10 could be aligned, which was parallel to the magnetic field. The orientational order parameter of the solute molecules in C6 was about 0.2, while it is only 0.1 in B10, which is expected because the more ordered smectic phase tends to align solute molecules to a high level. Compared to the orientational order parameter of the solute in the SmC phase of 4[3,4,5 tris(4 dodecyloxybenzyloxy) benzoyloxy] 4 (4′ dodecyloxybenzoyloxy)biphenyl (Ⅰ) ( P 2=0.14 ), it is larger in SmA phase of C6. The relatively higher orientational order parameter of the solute in C6 is attributed to the formation of intermolecular H bonds in the SmA phase of C6.
文摘5.1% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixed with 2% of chlorhexidine (CHX) forms a brown precipitate that corresponds to para-chloroaniline (PCA), whether PCA is formed after the combination of NaOCl, CHX, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) by means of electron impact (high resolution and interlaced scanning) and ionization by fast atom bombardment (FAB), was analyzed. The brown precipitate, showed signals 127 and 153 Da, corresponding to p-chloroaniline and p-chlorophenyl isocyanate, respectively. These results were analyzed and compared with signals from the interlaced scanning program and confirmed with high resolution mass spectrometry analysis and compared with the NIST database. The mass spectra of this precipitated after different days confirmed the evolution of byproducts with the presence of a peak m/z = 127, due to the decrease of the fragment m/z = 153, which disappeared after 180 days. A blue and a white precipitate were observed by the addition of CHX (2%) with or without polyethylene glycol, respectively, EDTA (17%) and NaOCl (5.1%) precipitates contain chlorhexidine (m/z = 505), but no PCA was detected. We confirmed that PCA is not formed directly as a byproduct of CHX oxidation, but through the formation of the para-chlorophenyl isocyanate intermediate, which degrades slowly to PCA.
基金Supported by the CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine,No.2016-I2M-1-007
文摘BACKGROUND Owing to the technical difficulty of pathological diagnosis, imaging is still the most commonly used method for clinical diagnosis of para-aortic lymph node metastasis(PALM) and evaluation of therapeutic effects in gastric cancer, which leads to inevitable false-positive findings in imaging. Patients with clinical PALM may have entirely different pathological stages(stage IV or not), which require completely different treatment strategies. There is no consensus on whether surgical intervention should be implemented for this group of patients. In particular, the value of D2 gastrectomy in a multidisciplinary treatment(MDT)approach for advanced gastric cancer with clinical PALM remains unknown.AIM To investigate the value of D2 gastrectomy in a MDT approach for gastric cancer patients with clinical PALM.METHODS In this real-world study, clinico-pathological data of all gastric cancer patients treated at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2011 and 2016 were reviewed to identify those with clinically enlarged PALM. All the clinico-pathological data were prospectively documented in the patient medical record. For all the gastric cancer patients with advanced stage disease,especially those with suspicious distant metastasis, the treatment methods were determined by a multidisciplinary team.RESULTS In total, 48 of 7077 primary gastric cancer patients were diagnosed as having clinical PALM without other distant metastases. All 48 patients received chemotherapy as the initial treatment. Complete or partial response was observed in 39.6%(19/48) of patients in overall and 52.1%(25/48) of patients in the primary tumor. Complete response of PALM was observed in 50.0%(24/48)of patients. After chemotherapy, 45.8%(22/48) of patients received D2 gastrectomy, and 12.5%(6/48) of patients received additional radiotherapy. The postoperative major complication rate and mortality were 27.3%(6/22) and 4.5%(1/22), respectively. The median overall survival and progression-free survival of all the patients were 18.9 and 12.1 mo, respectively. The median overall survival of patients who underwent surgical resection or not was 50.7 and 12.8 mo,respectively. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 56.8% and 47.3%,respectively, for patients who underwent D2 resection. Limited PALM and complete response of PALM after chemotherapy were identified as favorable factors for D2 gastrectomy.CONCLUSION For gastric cancer patients with radiologically suspicious PALM that responds well to chemotherapy, D2 gastrectomy could be a safe and effective treatment and should be adopted in a MDT approach for gastric cancer with clinical PALM.
文摘Toluene methylation with methanol on H‐ZSM‐5(Z5)zeolite for the directional transformation of toluene to xylene has been industrialized.However,great challenges remain because of the high energy barrier of methanol deprotonation to the methoxy group,the side reaction of methanol to olefins,coke formation,and the deactivation of zeolites.Herein,we report the toluene methylation coupled with CO hydrogenation to showcase an enhancement in para‐xylene(PX)selectivity by employing a bifunctional catalyst composed of ZnZrO_(x)(ZZO)and modified Z5.The results showed that a PX selectivity of up to 81.8%in xylene and xylene selectivity of 64.8%in hydrocarbons at 10.3%toluene conversion can be realized over the bifunctional catalyst on a fixed‐bed reactor.The selectivity of gaseous hydrocarbons decreased to 10.9%,and approximately half of that was observed in methanol reagent route where the PX selectivity in xylene was 38.8%.We observed that the acid strength,the quantity ratio of Brönsted and Lewis acid sites,and the pore size of zeolites were essential for the PX selectivity.The investigation of the H_(2)/D_(2) kinetic isotope effect revealed that the newborn methyl group in xylene resulted from the hydrogenation of CO rather than toluene disproportionation.Furthermore,the catalyst showed no evident deactivation within the 100 h stability test.The findings offer a promising route for the production of value‐added PX with high selectivity via toluene methylation coupled with syngas conversion.
文摘Background: In general, para-aortic lymph node(LN16) metastasis has been considered as a contraindication for pancreatic resection. However, some pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis have been reported to survive for longer than expected after pancreatectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis might benefit from surgery.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 201 consecutive patients with invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery at Osaka National Hospital between April 2003 and December 2012.These patients included 22 patients with LN16 metastasis who underwent an extended lymphadenectomy and 25 patients who underwent a palliative surgical biliary and gastric bypass. The clinicopathological data and outcomes were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The overall survival of the patients with LN16 metastasis was poorer than that of the LN16-negative patients(P = 0.0014). An overall survival analysis of the LN16-positive patients stratified according to the preoperative CA19-9 level showed a significant difference between patients with a low preoperative CA19-9 level(≤360 U/mL) and those with a high preoperative CA19-9 level(>360 U/mL)(P = 0.0301). No significant difference in overall survival of patients was observed between those with LN16 positivity and those who underwent bypass surgery. However, the overall survival of the LN16-positive patients with a CA19-9 level ≤360 U/mL(n = 11) was significantly higher than that of those who underwent bypass surgery(P = 0.0452).Conclusion: Surgical resection and extended lymphadenectomy remains an option for pancreatic cancer patients with LN16-positivity whose CA19-9 level is ≤360 U/mL.
文摘Based on the analysis of the piano wire’s vibration characteristics, the authors estab lished the mechanical model of piano wire proba bility screen , obtained the analytic so lution of thestable forced vibration of screen wires , and developed the para meter designfor m ula of the piano wire screen . The para meter design form ula has been used in coalpreparation industry .
基金Supported by China Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Foundation Wang Baoen Liver Fibrosis Research Fund,No.xjs20110402
文摘AIM: To study the diagnostic value of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), evaluated by transient elastography, for liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
