Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising light-emitting materials for next-generation displays owing to their remarkable material characteristics including broad color tunability,pure color emission with rem...Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising light-emitting materials for next-generation displays owing to their remarkable material characteristics including broad color tunability,pure color emission with remarkably narrow bandwidths,high quantum yield,and solution processability.Despite recent advances have pushed the luminance efficiency of monochromic perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)to their theoretical limits,their current fabrication using the spincoating process poses limitations for fabrication of full-color displays.To integrate PeLEDs into full-color display panels,it is crucial to pattern red–green–blue(RGB)perovskite pixels,while mitigating issues such as cross-contamination and reductions in luminous efficiency.Herein,we present state-of-the-art patterning technologies for the development of full-color PeLEDs.First,we highlight recent advances in the development of efficient PeLEDs.Second,we discuss various patterning techniques of MPHs(i.e.,photolithography,inkjet printing,electron beam lithography and laserassisted lithography,electrohydrodynamic jet printing,thermal evaporation,and transfer printing)for fabrication of RGB pixelated displays.These patterning techniques can be classified into two distinct approaches:in situ crystallization patterning using perovskite precursors and patterning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals.This review highlights advancements and limitations in patterning techniques for PeLEDs,paving the way for integrating PeLEDs into full-color panels.展开更多
A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled...A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled spatial distribution is typically achieved by embedding sophisticated microstructures to act as a boundary.However,these physical barriers inevitably expose cells/tissues to a less physiologically relevant microenvironment than in vivo conditions.Herein,we present a novel dissolvable temporary barrier(DTB)strategy that allows robust and flexible hydrogel patterning with great freedom of design and desirable flow stimuli for cellular hydrogels.The key aspect of this approach is the patterning of a water-soluble rigid barrier as a guiding path for the hydrogel using stencil printing technology,followed by a barrier-free medium perfusion after the dissolution of the DTB.Single and multiple tissue compartments with different geometries can be established using either straight or curved DTB structures.The effectiveness of this strategy is further validated by generating a 3D vascular network through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using a vascularized microtumor model.As a new proof-of-concept in vasculature-on-a-chip,DTB enables seamless contact between the hydrogel and the culture medium in closed microdevices,which is an improved protocol for the fabrication ofmultiorgan chips.Therefore,we expect it to serve as a promising paradigm for organ-on-a-chip devices for the development of tumor vascularization and drug evaluation in the future preclinical studies.展开更多
The undesirable dendrite growth induced by non-planar zinc(Zn)deposition and low Coulombic efficiency resulting from severe side reactions have been long-standing challenges for metallic Zn anodes and substantially im...The undesirable dendrite growth induced by non-planar zinc(Zn)deposition and low Coulombic efficiency resulting from severe side reactions have been long-standing challenges for metallic Zn anodes and substantially impede the practical application of rechargeable aqueous Zn metal batteries(ZMBs).Herein,we present a strategy for achieving a high-rate and long-cycle-life Zn metal anode by patterning Zn foil surfaces and endowing a Zn-Indium(Zn-In)interface in the microchannels.The accumulation of electrons in the microchannel and the zincophilicity of the Zn-In interface promote preferential heteroepitaxial Zn deposition in the microchannel region and enhance the tolerance of the electrode at high current densities.Meanwhile,electron aggregation accelerates the dissolution of non-(002)plane Zn atoms on the array surface,thereby directing the subsequent homoepitaxial Zn deposition on the array surface.Consequently,the planar dendrite-free Zn deposition and long-term cycling stability are achieved(5,050 h at 10.0 mA cm^(−2) and 27,000 cycles at 20.0 mA cm^(−2)).Furthermore,a Zn/I_(2) full cell assembled by pairing with such an anode can maintain good stability for 3,500 cycles at 5.0 C,demonstrating the application potential of the as-prepared ZnIn anode for high-performance aqueous ZMBs.展开更多
In recent years,metal halide perovskites have received significant attention as materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties.The unprecedented rapid evolution...In recent years,metal halide perovskites have received significant attention as materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties.The unprecedented rapid evolution in the device performance has been achieved by gaining an advanced understanding of the composition,crystal growth,and defect engineering of perovskites.As device performances approach their theoretical limits,effective optical management becomes essential for achieving higher efficiency.In this review,we discuss the status and perspectives of nano to micron-scale patterning methods for the optical management of perovskite optoelectronic devices.We initially discuss the importance of effective light harvesting and light outcoupling via optical management.Subsequently,the recent progress in various patterning/texturing techniques applied to perovskite optoelectronic devices is summarized by categorizing them into top-down and bottom-up methods.Finally,we discuss the perspectives of advanced patterning/texturing technologies for the development and commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices.展开更多
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens is an economically important pest on rice plants. This species produces macropterous and brachypterous morphs in response to environmental cues, which makes it very difficult ...The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens is an economically important pest on rice plants. This species produces macropterous and brachypterous morphs in response to environmental cues, which makes it very difficult to control. The molecular basis of wing patterning in N. lugens is still unknown. It is necessary to identify wing patterning genes of N. lugens, and also to clarify the expression differences of wing patterning genes between macropterous and brachypterous morphs. High-throughput deep sequencing of transcriptome of N. lugens wing pad yielded 116 744 580 raw reads and 113 042 700 clean reads. All the reads were assembled into 55 963 unigenes with an average length of 804 bp. With the E-value cut-off of 1.0E–5,18 359 and 2 883 unigens had hits in NCBI-NR(NCBI non-redundant protein sequences) and NCBI-NT(NCBI nucleotide sequences) databases, respectively. A total of 16 502 unigenes were assigned to GO(gene ontology) classification, 9 709 ungenes were grouped into 26 COG(cluster of orthologous groups of proteins) classifications, and 6 724 unigenes were assigned to different KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathways. In total, 56 unigenes which are homologous to wing patterning genes of Drosophila melanogaster or Tribolium castaneum were identified. Out of the 56 unigenes, 24 unigenes were selected, and their expression levels across the five nymphal stages between macropterous strain and brachypterous strain were examined by qR T-PCR. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that development stage had significant effects on the expression level of all the 24 genes(P<0.05). The expression levels of 8 genes(Nlen, Nlhh, Nlsal, NlA bd-A, Nlwg, Nlvg, Nlexd and NlU bx) were significantly affected by wing morph. This is the first transcriptome analysis of wing pads of hemimetabolous insect, N. lugens. The identified wing patterning genes would be useful resource for future exploration of molecular basis of wing development. The 8 differentially expressed wing patterning genes between macropterous strain and brachypterous strain would contribute to explain molecular mechanism of wing-morph differentiation in N. lugens.展开更多
Current magnetic memories are based on writing and reading out the domains with opposite orientation of the magnetization vector.Alternatively,information can be encoded in regions with a different value of the satura...Current magnetic memories are based on writing and reading out the domains with opposite orientation of the magnetization vector.Alternatively,information can be encoded in regions with a different value of the saturation magnetization.The latter approach can be realized in principle with chemical order-disorder transitions in intermetallic alloys.Here,we study such transformations in a thin-film(35 nm)Fe60Al40 alloy and demonstrate the formation of periodic magnetic nanostructures(PMNS)on its surface by direct laser interference patterning(DLIP).These PMNS are nonvolatile and detectable by magnetic force microscopy(MFM)at room temperature after DLIP with a single nanosecond pulse.We provide different arguments that the PMNS we observe originate from increasing magnetization in maxima of the interference pattern because of chemical disordering in the atomic lattice of the alloy at temperatures T higher than the critical temperature Tc for the order(B2)-disorder(A2)transition.Theoretically,our simulations of the temporal evolution of a partially ordered state at T>Tc reveal that the disordering rate is significant even below the melting threshold.Experimentally,we find that the PMNS are erasable with standard thermal annealing at T<Tc.展开更多
There are some unique techniques in the Chinese traditional silk production. 2-2 patterning method is such one suggested by foreign scholars. But this paper gives a more extensive concept, G-G method, which includes t...There are some unique techniques in the Chinese traditional silk production. 2-2 patterning method is such one suggested by foreign scholars. But this paper gives a more extensive concept, G-G method, which includes the 2-2 method after studying more fabrics from the Shang. to the Five Dynasties. Finally, the paper discusses the truth of G-G method the (?) applied in, and some characteristics of G-G method.展开更多
Spatial body patterning is widely observed throughout the phylogenetic tree and is used for a variety of functions. Body colours in general and camouflaging patterns in particular have been extensively studied for the...Spatial body patterning is widely observed throughout the phylogenetic tree and is used for a variety of functions. Body colours in general and camouflaging patterns in particular have been extensively studied for their role in stealth and crypsis. Particular interest has focused on the diverse skin patterns surrounding animals’ eyes (Peri-Ocular Eye Patterning-POEP). These patterns have been suggested to aid in high brightness conditions, help camouflage an organism’s eyes or ornament and emphasize bright head colorations. In this work I demonstrate the apparent widespread use of POEP among various marine and terrestrial organisms (both vertebrates and invertebrates) and discuss the trait’s abundance, variations, and possible roles.展开更多
Self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP) can enable the semiconductor scaling before EUV lithography becomes mature for industry use.Theoretically any small size of pitch can be achieved by repeating SADP on same wafer...Self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP) can enable the semiconductor scaling before EUV lithography becomes mature for industry use.Theoretically any small size of pitch can be achieved by repeating SADP on same wafer but with challenges of pitch walking and line cut since line cut has to be done by lithography instead of self-aligned method.Line cut can become an issue at sub-30nm pitch due to edge placement error (EPE).In this paper we will discuss some recent novel ideas on line cut after self-aligned multiple patterning.展开更多
Patterning technology of ferrite and insulating material in multilayer ceramic devices is proposed. In the conventional technology, the different ceramic materials such as the ferrite and the insulating material have ...Patterning technology of ferrite and insulating material in multilayer ceramic devices is proposed. In the conventional technology, the different ceramic materials such as the ferrite and the insulating material have been prepared in the form of the each different green sheet, and then they have been stacked each other. Otherwise the different material has filled cavities that were formed by a mechanical punching in advanced. In our proposing technology, arbitrary patterning of the different ceramic material inside the same green sheet is possible. In this process, the arbitrary shape of the through pattern is formed in the green sheet of the base material by making use of photo resist films as sacrifice patterns, and then the base material is masked by the patterned photo resist film. After filling the slurry of the different material into the through pattern of the base material passing the resist mask, the pattern of the different ceramic material in the green sheet is achieved. In the present paper, the ferrite magnetic material and the alumina-glass composite material are used. The patterned structure inside the green sheet is obtained. The slurry preparation, the thickness of the mask resist film, and the obtained structure of the green sheet are discussed.展开更多
The interconnection of wires is an important issue in vacuum-packaged microelectromechanical systems devices because of the difficulties of hermetical sealing and electrical insulation.This paper presents an approach ...The interconnection of wires is an important issue in vacuum-packaged microelectromechanical systems devices because of the difficulties of hermetical sealing and electrical insulation.This paper presents an approach of Au film selective patterning on highly uneven surfaces for wire interconnections of devices in which silicon-oninsulator(SOI)wafers are anodically bonded to glass.The Au film on the handle layer,functioned as an anode,was selectively removed with electrochemical dissolution in a chloride solution.The choice of etchant solution and etching conditions were optimized to improve the process efficiency,resulting in a high yield of gold portions within the via holes for wire interconnection.The proposed wire interconnection technology was employed to fabricate a vacuum-packaged resonant pressure sensor as a proof-of-concept demonstration.Reliable wire bonding and vacuum package were achieved as well as a Q factor that does not decrease over a year.As a platform technology,this method provides a new approach of wire interconnection for vacuum-packaged devices based on SOI–glass anodic bonding.展开更多
Normally the optical wafer inspection tools are used for advanced process control in high volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The SEM Review is done for limited sample of inspection defects to do defect bas...Normally the optical wafer inspection tools are used for advanced process control in high volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The SEM Review is done for limited sample of inspection defects to do defect based process characterization. The defect classes that are monitored normally indicate process and random defect issues. There is limited to no information of patterning related issues in real time defect monitor. Moreover, with the objective of process integration engineering of multiple processes it becomes harder to see the evolution of a defect in the line. The Die-to-Database Pattern Monitor (D2DB-PM) solution has addressed this problem. It uses the existing high resolution images from the Review and Metrology tools and compares the pattern shapes with the design reference. This way it captures patterning deviations in real time. Here we report the subtle defect problem encountered in process integration and the results from using the D2DB-PM solution. We found that this approach reduces the workload on CDSEM tools by analyzing SEM Review images instead and the automated reports improves the efficiency of all process teams.展开更多
High resolution and full-color light-emitting diodes require precise and efficient patterning of light-emitting structures containing quantum dots or nanocrystals.We report light-induced inverted patterning of nanocry...High resolution and full-color light-emitting diodes require precise and efficient patterning of light-emitting structures containing quantum dots or nanocrystals.We report light-induced inverted patterning of nanocrystals in glasses for micro-light-emitting diodes.Ultrafast laser pulse induces structural destruction and amorphization of nanocrystals in glasses,forming inverted luminescent patterns.High-throughput patterning of micrometer-scale,thermally stable,and highly photoluminescent structures in nanocrystals embedded glass is realized.This patterning method provides a novel way to fabricate high-performance and ultrahigh-resolution color conversion layers for micrometer-scale light-emitting diodes.展开更多
Chemical heterogeneity in high-temperature austenite is an effective way to tune the austenite-to-martensite transformation during cooling.The effect of quenching temperature on microstructure evolution is investigate...Chemical heterogeneity in high-temperature austenite is an effective way to tune the austenite-to-martensite transformation during cooling.The effect of quenching temperature on microstructure evolution is investigated when the high-temperature austenite is heterogeneous.After fast austenitization from partitioned pearlite consisting of Mn-enriched cementite and Mn-depleted ferrite in Fe-0.29C-3.76Mn-1.50Si(wt.%)steel,quenching to room temperature and quenching to 130℃ followed by 400℃ partitioning are both applied.With increasing quenching temperature from 25 to 130℃,the amount of heterogeneous microstructure(lamellar ghost pearlite)increases from 10.6%to 33.6% and the thickness of Mn-enriched retained austenite film is increased from 31.9±5.9 to 51.5±4.4 nm,indicating an enhancement of chemical patterning.It is probably ascribed to the reduction in driving force for austenite-to-martensite transformation,which requires a lower Mn content for austenite retention.展开更多
Traditional synthesis strategy of nanomaterials with complicated process and high cost limits their applications.Here,we propose a facile process for the synchronous synthesis and patterning of silver nanoparticles(Ag...Traditional synthesis strategy of nanomaterials with complicated process and high cost limits their applications.Here,we propose a facile process for the synchronous synthesis and patterning of silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)through the self-driven microchannel reactor with the capillary effect inspired by transpiration.The evaporation contributes to capillary and accumulation effects in the microchannels.The silver reactant-containing droplets can be spontaneously divided and distributed in multiple microchannels during the whole fabrication process by the capillary effect.The newly formed Ag NPs at the gas-liquid interface can be assembled on both sides of the microchannels by the accumulation effect.The capillary effect decreases the disturbances,which ensures the uniformity of the patterning.By the combination of microchannels with different widths,various Ag NPs-assembled patterns with stable electrical properties are achieved.This efficient strategy with a simple fabrication procedure is towards the technological engineering of nanoscale architected materials.展开更多
We demonstrate a process to achieve selective surface metallization of ZrO_(2)ceramics using ultrasound technology in atmospheric environments at 350℃,which bestows good weldability of ZrO_(2)to achieve rapid and rel...We demonstrate a process to achieve selective surface metallization of ZrO_(2)ceramics using ultrasound technology in atmospheric environments at 350℃,which bestows good weldability of ZrO_(2)to achieve rapid and reliable connections with other metals as well as ceramic materials.The challenge is that brazing or diffusion welding processes to accomplish metallurgical connections for ZrO_(2) typically require holding at elevated temperatures for minutes to hours,while the selective ultrasonic metallization process requires only a few seconds of processing without the application of covering films or solder resists.In this study,the selected Sn-2Ti alloy could effectively wet and spread on ZrO_(2)substrate under ultrasonication,and continuous interphase layers were rapidly formed in situ between ZrO_(2)and Sn-2Ti.The bonding strength for the ZrO_(2)/Sn-2Ti interface was well established with the highest shear strength of 37.1 MPa,and the fracture location occurred at the filler metal.The interfacial reaction layer thickened remarkably with the prolongation of sonication,accompanied by the partial crystallization of amorphous TiO and the formation of irregularly striped Ti_(11.31)Sn_(3)O_(10)nanocrystals.展开更多
Effective tuning of nanoscale domain structures provides fundamental basis for controlling and engineering of various functionalities in ferroelectric materials.In this work,we demonstrate the precise patterning of na...Effective tuning of nanoscale domain structures provides fundamental basis for controlling and engineering of various functionalities in ferroelectric materials.In this work,we demonstrate the precise patterning of nanoscopic domain structures in as-grown epitaxial PbTiO_(3)(PTO)films by merely introducing an ultrathin pre-patterned doping layer(e.g.,Fe-doped PTO).The doping layer can effectively reverse the interfacial built-in bias,consequent to a reversed initial polarization reorientation in the as-grown film,which makes it possible to transfer the nano-patterns in the doping layer into the domain structure of ferroelectric films.For instance,we have successfully fabricated large area ordered array of nanoscale cylindrical domains(downward polarization)embedded in the matrix domain with opposite polarization(upward polarization)in PTO film.These nanoscale cylinder domains also allow deterministic and reversible erasure and creation induced by biased tip scanning.The results provide an effective pathway for on-demand patterning of large area nanoscale domains in the as-grown films,which may find applications in a wide range of nanoelectronic devices.展开更多
Nature inspired deformable heterogeneous smart hydrogels have attracted much attention in many fields such as biomedicine devices and soft actuators.However,normal spatial heterogeneous hydrogel structures can only re...Nature inspired deformable heterogeneous smart hydrogels have attracted much attention in many fields such as biomedicine devices and soft actuators.However,normal spatial heterogeneous hydrogel structures can only respond to single factor and take one action as set in fabrication.Herein,we report a pre-stretched metal-liganded shape memory hydrogel with fiber reinforced,P(AAc-co-AAm)/CCNFs-Fe3+(CCNFs:carboxylated cellulose nanofibers,AAc:acrylic acid,AAm:acrylamide),which can conduct shape deformation by solvent induction and ultraviolet(UV)light.The deformation pattern could be programmed by the deposing of ferroin ions.Also,the pre-stretched shape memory hydrogels could effectively produce cyclic actuation or complex shape actuation by UV light.More importantly,combining the solvent response with the light response enabled complex reversible actuations,such as simulating the bending and unfolding of fingers.The addition of CCNFs significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.The hydrogels with 3 wt.%CCNFs showed an elongation at break of about 500%and a significant increase in tensile strength of 8.7-fold to 1.55 MPa after coordination with metal ions,which was able to meet the mechanical requirements of the bionic actuated hydrogels.This work demonstrated that combining light-programmed and light-responsive shape-memory hydrogels,complemented by another independent response property,could achieve complex and reversible programmed actuations.展开更多
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant No.2021R1C1C1007997).
文摘Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising light-emitting materials for next-generation displays owing to their remarkable material characteristics including broad color tunability,pure color emission with remarkably narrow bandwidths,high quantum yield,and solution processability.Despite recent advances have pushed the luminance efficiency of monochromic perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)to their theoretical limits,their current fabrication using the spincoating process poses limitations for fabrication of full-color displays.To integrate PeLEDs into full-color display panels,it is crucial to pattern red–green–blue(RGB)perovskite pixels,while mitigating issues such as cross-contamination and reductions in luminous efficiency.Herein,we present state-of-the-art patterning technologies for the development of full-color PeLEDs.First,we highlight recent advances in the development of efficient PeLEDs.Second,we discuss various patterning techniques of MPHs(i.e.,photolithography,inkjet printing,electron beam lithography and laserassisted lithography,electrohydrodynamic jet printing,thermal evaporation,and transfer printing)for fabrication of RGB pixelated displays.These patterning techniques can be classified into two distinct approaches:in situ crystallization patterning using perovskite precursors and patterning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals.This review highlights advancements and limitations in patterning techniques for PeLEDs,paving the way for integrating PeLEDs into full-color panels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31972929 and 62231025)the Research Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Nos.21140901300 and 20DZ2220400)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0767)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.YG2021ZD22 and YG2023LC04)the Foundation of National Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)SHU Branch(No.SUITM-2023008)the Cross-disciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.JYJC202108).
文摘A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled spatial distribution is typically achieved by embedding sophisticated microstructures to act as a boundary.However,these physical barriers inevitably expose cells/tissues to a less physiologically relevant microenvironment than in vivo conditions.Herein,we present a novel dissolvable temporary barrier(DTB)strategy that allows robust and flexible hydrogel patterning with great freedom of design and desirable flow stimuli for cellular hydrogels.The key aspect of this approach is the patterning of a water-soluble rigid barrier as a guiding path for the hydrogel using stencil printing technology,followed by a barrier-free medium perfusion after the dissolution of the DTB.Single and multiple tissue compartments with different geometries can be established using either straight or curved DTB structures.The effectiveness of this strategy is further validated by generating a 3D vascular network through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using a vascularized microtumor model.As a new proof-of-concept in vasculature-on-a-chip,DTB enables seamless contact between the hydrogel and the culture medium in closed microdevices,which is an improved protocol for the fabrication ofmultiorgan chips.Therefore,we expect it to serve as a promising paradigm for organ-on-a-chip devices for the development of tumor vascularization and drug evaluation in the future preclinical studies.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government(MSIP)(No.2018R1A6A1A03025708).
文摘The undesirable dendrite growth induced by non-planar zinc(Zn)deposition and low Coulombic efficiency resulting from severe side reactions have been long-standing challenges for metallic Zn anodes and substantially impede the practical application of rechargeable aqueous Zn metal batteries(ZMBs).Herein,we present a strategy for achieving a high-rate and long-cycle-life Zn metal anode by patterning Zn foil surfaces and endowing a Zn-Indium(Zn-In)interface in the microchannels.The accumulation of electrons in the microchannel and the zincophilicity of the Zn-In interface promote preferential heteroepitaxial Zn deposition in the microchannel region and enhance the tolerance of the electrode at high current densities.Meanwhile,electron aggregation accelerates the dissolution of non-(002)plane Zn atoms on the array surface,thereby directing the subsequent homoepitaxial Zn deposition on the array surface.Consequently,the planar dendrite-free Zn deposition and long-term cycling stability are achieved(5,050 h at 10.0 mA cm^(−2) and 27,000 cycles at 20.0 mA cm^(−2)).Furthermore,a Zn/I_(2) full cell assembled by pairing with such an anode can maintain good stability for 3,500 cycles at 5.0 C,demonstrating the application potential of the as-prepared ZnIn anode for high-performance aqueous ZMBs.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2020R1I1A3054824)supported by the Basic Research Program through the NRF funded by the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT,2021R1A4A1032762)+2 种基金financial support by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(no.20213030010400)the financial support by the NRF grant funded by the MSIT under the contract numbers 2022R1C1C1011975。
文摘In recent years,metal halide perovskites have received significant attention as materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties.The unprecedented rapid evolution in the device performance has been achieved by gaining an advanced understanding of the composition,crystal growth,and defect engineering of perovskites.As device performances approach their theoretical limits,effective optical management becomes essential for achieving higher efficiency.In this review,we discuss the status and perspectives of nano to micron-scale patterning methods for the optical management of perovskite optoelectronic devices.We initially discuss the importance of effective light harvesting and light outcoupling via optical management.Subsequently,the recent progress in various patterning/texturing techniques applied to perovskite optoelectronic devices is summarized by categorizing them into top-down and bottom-up methods.Finally,we discuss the perspectives of advanced patterning/texturing technologies for the development and commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171846)
文摘The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens is an economically important pest on rice plants. This species produces macropterous and brachypterous morphs in response to environmental cues, which makes it very difficult to control. The molecular basis of wing patterning in N. lugens is still unknown. It is necessary to identify wing patterning genes of N. lugens, and also to clarify the expression differences of wing patterning genes between macropterous and brachypterous morphs. High-throughput deep sequencing of transcriptome of N. lugens wing pad yielded 116 744 580 raw reads and 113 042 700 clean reads. All the reads were assembled into 55 963 unigenes with an average length of 804 bp. With the E-value cut-off of 1.0E–5,18 359 and 2 883 unigens had hits in NCBI-NR(NCBI non-redundant protein sequences) and NCBI-NT(NCBI nucleotide sequences) databases, respectively. A total of 16 502 unigenes were assigned to GO(gene ontology) classification, 9 709 ungenes were grouped into 26 COG(cluster of orthologous groups of proteins) classifications, and 6 724 unigenes were assigned to different KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathways. In total, 56 unigenes which are homologous to wing patterning genes of Drosophila melanogaster or Tribolium castaneum were identified. Out of the 56 unigenes, 24 unigenes were selected, and their expression levels across the five nymphal stages between macropterous strain and brachypterous strain were examined by qR T-PCR. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that development stage had significant effects on the expression level of all the 24 genes(P<0.05). The expression levels of 8 genes(Nlen, Nlhh, Nlsal, NlA bd-A, Nlwg, Nlvg, Nlexd and NlU bx) were significantly affected by wing morph. This is the first transcriptome analysis of wing pads of hemimetabolous insect, N. lugens. The identified wing patterning genes would be useful resource for future exploration of molecular basis of wing development. The 8 differentially expressed wing patterning genes between macropterous strain and brachypterous strain would contribute to explain molecular mechanism of wing-morph differentiation in N. lugens.
文摘Current magnetic memories are based on writing and reading out the domains with opposite orientation of the magnetization vector.Alternatively,information can be encoded in regions with a different value of the saturation magnetization.The latter approach can be realized in principle with chemical order-disorder transitions in intermetallic alloys.Here,we study such transformations in a thin-film(35 nm)Fe60Al40 alloy and demonstrate the formation of periodic magnetic nanostructures(PMNS)on its surface by direct laser interference patterning(DLIP).These PMNS are nonvolatile and detectable by magnetic force microscopy(MFM)at room temperature after DLIP with a single nanosecond pulse.We provide different arguments that the PMNS we observe originate from increasing magnetization in maxima of the interference pattern because of chemical disordering in the atomic lattice of the alloy at temperatures T higher than the critical temperature Tc for the order(B2)-disorder(A2)transition.Theoretically,our simulations of the temporal evolution of a partially ordered state at T>Tc reveal that the disordering rate is significant even below the melting threshold.Experimentally,we find that the PMNS are erasable with standard thermal annealing at T<Tc.
文摘There are some unique techniques in the Chinese traditional silk production. 2-2 patterning method is such one suggested by foreign scholars. But this paper gives a more extensive concept, G-G method, which includes the 2-2 method after studying more fabrics from the Shang. to the Five Dynasties. Finally, the paper discusses the truth of G-G method the (?) applied in, and some characteristics of G-G method.
文摘Spatial body patterning is widely observed throughout the phylogenetic tree and is used for a variety of functions. Body colours in general and camouflaging patterns in particular have been extensively studied for their role in stealth and crypsis. Particular interest has focused on the diverse skin patterns surrounding animals’ eyes (Peri-Ocular Eye Patterning-POEP). These patterns have been suggested to aid in high brightness conditions, help camouflage an organism’s eyes or ornament and emphasize bright head colorations. In this work I demonstrate the apparent widespread use of POEP among various marine and terrestrial organisms (both vertebrates and invertebrates) and discuss the trait’s abundance, variations, and possible roles.
文摘Self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP) can enable the semiconductor scaling before EUV lithography becomes mature for industry use.Theoretically any small size of pitch can be achieved by repeating SADP on same wafer but with challenges of pitch walking and line cut since line cut has to be done by lithography instead of self-aligned method.Line cut can become an issue at sub-30nm pitch due to edge placement error (EPE).In this paper we will discuss some recent novel ideas on line cut after self-aligned multiple patterning.
文摘Patterning technology of ferrite and insulating material in multilayer ceramic devices is proposed. In the conventional technology, the different ceramic materials such as the ferrite and the insulating material have been prepared in the form of the each different green sheet, and then they have been stacked each other. Otherwise the different material has filled cavities that were formed by a mechanical punching in advanced. In our proposing technology, arbitrary patterning of the different ceramic material inside the same green sheet is possible. In this process, the arbitrary shape of the through pattern is formed in the green sheet of the base material by making use of photo resist films as sacrifice patterns, and then the base material is masked by the patterned photo resist film. After filling the slurry of the different material into the through pattern of the base material passing the resist mask, the pattern of the different ceramic material in the green sheet is achieved. In the present paper, the ferrite magnetic material and the alumina-glass composite material are used. The patterned structure inside the green sheet is obtained. The slurry preparation, the thickness of the mask resist film, and the obtained structure of the green sheet are discussed.
基金financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61431019,61372054)
文摘The interconnection of wires is an important issue in vacuum-packaged microelectromechanical systems devices because of the difficulties of hermetical sealing and electrical insulation.This paper presents an approach of Au film selective patterning on highly uneven surfaces for wire interconnections of devices in which silicon-oninsulator(SOI)wafers are anodically bonded to glass.The Au film on the handle layer,functioned as an anode,was selectively removed with electrochemical dissolution in a chloride solution.The choice of etchant solution and etching conditions were optimized to improve the process efficiency,resulting in a high yield of gold portions within the via holes for wire interconnection.The proposed wire interconnection technology was employed to fabricate a vacuum-packaged resonant pressure sensor as a proof-of-concept demonstration.Reliable wire bonding and vacuum package were achieved as well as a Q factor that does not decrease over a year.As a platform technology,this method provides a new approach of wire interconnection for vacuum-packaged devices based on SOI–glass anodic bonding.
文摘Normally the optical wafer inspection tools are used for advanced process control in high volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The SEM Review is done for limited sample of inspection defects to do defect based process characterization. The defect classes that are monitored normally indicate process and random defect issues. There is limited to no information of patterning related issues in real time defect monitor. Moreover, with the objective of process integration engineering of multiple processes it becomes harder to see the evolution of a defect in the line. The Die-to-Database Pattern Monitor (D2DB-PM) solution has addressed this problem. It uses the existing high resolution images from the Review and Metrology tools and compares the pattern shapes with the design reference. This way it captures patterning deviations in real time. Here we report the subtle defect problem encountered in process integration and the results from using the D2DB-PM solution. We found that this approach reduces the workload on CDSEM tools by analyzing SEM Review images instead and the automated reports improves the efficiency of all process teams.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province (No.2021BAA206).
文摘High resolution and full-color light-emitting diodes require precise and efficient patterning of light-emitting structures containing quantum dots or nanocrystals.We report light-induced inverted patterning of nanocrystals in glasses for micro-light-emitting diodes.Ultrafast laser pulse induces structural destruction and amorphization of nanocrystals in glasses,forming inverted luminescent patterns.High-throughput patterning of micrometer-scale,thermally stable,and highly photoluminescent structures in nanocrystals embedded glass is realized.This patterning method provides a novel way to fabricate high-performance and ultrahigh-resolution color conversion layers for micrometer-scale light-emitting diodes.
基金Zhi-ping Xiong thanks the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52271004 and 51901021)the"Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars".
文摘Chemical heterogeneity in high-temperature austenite is an effective way to tune the austenite-to-martensite transformation during cooling.The effect of quenching temperature on microstructure evolution is investigated when the high-temperature austenite is heterogeneous.After fast austenitization from partitioned pearlite consisting of Mn-enriched cementite and Mn-depleted ferrite in Fe-0.29C-3.76Mn-1.50Si(wt.%)steel,quenching to room temperature and quenching to 130℃ followed by 400℃ partitioning are both applied.With increasing quenching temperature from 25 to 130℃,the amount of heterogeneous microstructure(lamellar ghost pearlite)increases from 10.6%to 33.6% and the thickness of Mn-enriched retained austenite film is increased from 31.9±5.9 to 51.5±4.4 nm,indicating an enhancement of chemical patterning.It is probably ascribed to the reduction in driving force for austenite-to-martensite transformation,which requires a lower Mn content for austenite retention.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2018YFA0208501)the Fund of Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS,China (No.2020032)+2 种基金the Fund of Beijing Nova Program from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,China (Nos.Z201100006820037,Z211100002121001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52222313,22075296,91963212,51961145102)the Fund of Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,China (No.BNLMS-CXXM-202005).
文摘Traditional synthesis strategy of nanomaterials with complicated process and high cost limits their applications.Here,we propose a facile process for the synchronous synthesis and patterning of silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)through the self-driven microchannel reactor with the capillary effect inspired by transpiration.The evaporation contributes to capillary and accumulation effects in the microchannels.The silver reactant-containing droplets can be spontaneously divided and distributed in multiple microchannels during the whole fabrication process by the capillary effect.The newly formed Ag NPs at the gas-liquid interface can be assembled on both sides of the microchannels by the accumulation effect.The capillary effect decreases the disturbances,which ensures the uniformity of the patterning.By the combination of microchannels with different widths,various Ag NPs-assembled patterns with stable electrical properties are achieved.This efficient strategy with a simple fabrication procedure is towards the technological engineering of nanoscale architected materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51805111).
文摘We demonstrate a process to achieve selective surface metallization of ZrO_(2)ceramics using ultrasound technology in atmospheric environments at 350℃,which bestows good weldability of ZrO_(2)to achieve rapid and reliable connections with other metals as well as ceramic materials.The challenge is that brazing or diffusion welding processes to accomplish metallurgical connections for ZrO_(2) typically require holding at elevated temperatures for minutes to hours,while the selective ultrasonic metallization process requires only a few seconds of processing without the application of covering films or solder resists.In this study,the selected Sn-2Ti alloy could effectively wet and spread on ZrO_(2)substrate under ultrasonication,and continuous interphase layers were rapidly formed in situ between ZrO_(2)and Sn-2Ti.The bonding strength for the ZrO_(2)/Sn-2Ti interface was well established with the highest shear strength of 37.1 MPa,and the fracture location occurred at the filler metal.The interfacial reaction layer thickened remarkably with the prolongation of sonication,accompanied by the partial crystallization of amorphous TiO and the formation of irregularly striped Ti_(11.31)Sn_(3)O_(10)nanocrystals.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92163210,11674108,52002134)Funding by Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202201000008)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2019KQNCX028)the Natural Science Foundation of South China Normal University(No.19KJ01)。
文摘Effective tuning of nanoscale domain structures provides fundamental basis for controlling and engineering of various functionalities in ferroelectric materials.In this work,we demonstrate the precise patterning of nanoscopic domain structures in as-grown epitaxial PbTiO_(3)(PTO)films by merely introducing an ultrathin pre-patterned doping layer(e.g.,Fe-doped PTO).The doping layer can effectively reverse the interfacial built-in bias,consequent to a reversed initial polarization reorientation in the as-grown film,which makes it possible to transfer the nano-patterns in the doping layer into the domain structure of ferroelectric films.For instance,we have successfully fabricated large area ordered array of nanoscale cylindrical domains(downward polarization)embedded in the matrix domain with opposite polarization(upward polarization)in PTO film.These nanoscale cylinder domains also allow deterministic and reversible erasure and creation induced by biased tip scanning.The results provide an effective pathway for on-demand patterning of large area nanoscale domains in the as-grown films,which may find applications in a wide range of nanoelectronic devices.
基金funded supported by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(Nos.ZDBS-LY-SLH036 and QYKJZD-SSW-SLH02).
文摘Nature inspired deformable heterogeneous smart hydrogels have attracted much attention in many fields such as biomedicine devices and soft actuators.However,normal spatial heterogeneous hydrogel structures can only respond to single factor and take one action as set in fabrication.Herein,we report a pre-stretched metal-liganded shape memory hydrogel with fiber reinforced,P(AAc-co-AAm)/CCNFs-Fe3+(CCNFs:carboxylated cellulose nanofibers,AAc:acrylic acid,AAm:acrylamide),which can conduct shape deformation by solvent induction and ultraviolet(UV)light.The deformation pattern could be programmed by the deposing of ferroin ions.Also,the pre-stretched shape memory hydrogels could effectively produce cyclic actuation or complex shape actuation by UV light.More importantly,combining the solvent response with the light response enabled complex reversible actuations,such as simulating the bending and unfolding of fingers.The addition of CCNFs significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.The hydrogels with 3 wt.%CCNFs showed an elongation at break of about 500%and a significant increase in tensile strength of 8.7-fold to 1.55 MPa after coordination with metal ions,which was able to meet the mechanical requirements of the bionic actuated hydrogels.This work demonstrated that combining light-programmed and light-responsive shape-memory hydrogels,complemented by another independent response property,could achieve complex and reversible programmed actuations.
