Early flowering promotes early maturity, production, and the capacity to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an important agronomic trait in zucchini. The present study demonstrated that the zucchini inb...Early flowering promotes early maturity, production, and the capacity to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an important agronomic trait in zucchini. The present study demonstrated that the zucchini inbred line ‘19’ consistently flowered early, taking significantly fewer days to bloom the first female flower(DFF) than the inbred line ‘113’. Genetic analysis revealed that DFF, an inheritable quantitative trait, is controlled by multiple genes. Based on the strategy of quantitative trait locus(QTL) sequencing(QTL-seq) combined with linkage analysis, three QTLs for DFF were identified on chromosomes 4, 11, and 20. This study used additional F2 populations grown under different environmental conditions for QTL mapping analysis of DFF with insertion/deletion(InDel) markers to validate these results. Using the composite interval mapping(CIM) method of R/qtl software, we only identified one major locus under all environmental conditions, located in a 117-kb candidate region on chromosome 20. Based on gene annotation, gene sequence alignment, and qRT-PCR analysis, we found that the Cp4.1LG20g08050 gene encoding a RING finger protein may be a candidate gene for the opposite regulation of early flowering in zucchini. In summary, these results lay a foundation for a better understanding of early flowering and improving early flowering-based breeding strategies in zucchini.展开更多
The present study was conducted with the aim of extracting and characterising Cucurbita pepo seed oil and then producing soap with important dermatological properties. The physico-chemical results of the Cucurbita pep...The present study was conducted with the aim of extracting and characterising Cucurbita pepo seed oil and then producing soap with important dermatological properties. The physico-chemical results of the Cucurbita pepo seed oil after extraction were satisfactory and indicate that the oil obtained contains long-carbonaceous fatty acids. The production of the soap was based on the realisation of a saponification reaction by reflux heating between the extracted oil and a solution of soduim hydroxyde 7M for one hour. The soap obtained is characterised by the following physico-chemical parameters: salt content, alkali content, pH, and humidity;which meet ISO 684-1974 standards. The antibacterial parameters of the soaps S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 were determined by the Agar Diffusion test using the well method and these soaps showed an interesting antibacterial activity against the germs pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. Soaps based on Raffia sese oil (kolo oil) and Elaesis guineensis oil (palm oil) have also been synthesized for comparison with soap obtained from Cucurbita pepo seed oil.展开更多
【目的】克隆有壳美洲南瓜种皮PAL基因(CP-PAL),研究PAL基因在有壳和裸仁美洲南瓜种皮发育过程中的表达特性,为揭示美洲南瓜种皮发育机理及木质素积累在南瓜种皮发育中的作用等方面提供理论依据。【方法】利用RT-PCR,结合RACE技术克隆CP...【目的】克隆有壳美洲南瓜种皮PAL基因(CP-PAL),研究PAL基因在有壳和裸仁美洲南瓜种皮发育过程中的表达特性,为揭示美洲南瓜种皮发育机理及木质素积累在南瓜种皮发育中的作用等方面提供理论依据。【方法】利用RT-PCR,结合RACE技术克隆CP-PAL的全长序列并进行生物信息学分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,采用2-△△Ct方法对种皮发育过程中PAL基因的表达进行分析。【结果】CP-PAL序列全长为1 720 bp,含有一个1 359bp的ORF,114 bp 5′端非翻译区、236 bp 3′端非翻译区及11 bp polyA结构,可编码452个氨基酸,分子量为48.86 kD,等电点为6.55,原子总数为6 885个,分子式为C2158H3449N607O657S14。通过BLASTX比对表明CP-PAL核苷酸序列及其氨基酸序列与黄瓜PAL核苷酸及其氨基酸序列的相似性最高。CP-PAL包含PAL-HAL、PLN02457及phe_am_lyase 3个结构域及酶活性中心序列(GTITASGDLVPLSYIA),属于Lyase_I_Like超家族。CP-PAL不具有导肽及信号肽,为非跨膜蛋白,可能定位于细胞质及内质网上,属可溶性蛋白。CP-PAL蛋白含有4个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ识别位点、6个蛋白激酶C识别位点、12个豆蔻酰化位点及2个糖基化位点。此外,分析可知CP-PAL有18个丝氨酸磷酸化位点、6个苏氨酸磷酸化位点及5个酪氨酸磷酸化位点。无规则卷曲是CP-PAL蛋白二级结构中最大量的结构元件,α-螺旋和延伸链分散于整个蛋白质中,且N-末端以无规则卷曲形式存在,C-末端以延伸链形式存在。CP-PAL氨基酸序列同挑选的其他14种植物的PAL氨基酸序列进行多重序列比较,发现功能区域的氨基酸序列较为保守,N-端的差异最大。系统进化树分析表明CP-PAL和黄瓜PAL蛋白的亲缘关系最近。CP-PAL蛋白三级结构以α-螺旋为主要结构元件,β-转角和无规则卷曲较少。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明PAL基因在有壳和裸仁美洲南瓜种皮发育中呈现反向对应的变化趋势:有壳美洲南瓜种皮PAL基因在自交授粉20 d后表达量增加,而裸仁美洲南瓜种皮PAL基因在20 d后表达量下降。整个种皮发育过程中,PAL基因在裸仁美洲南瓜中的表达量低于其在有壳美洲南瓜中的表达量。【结论】从有壳美洲南瓜种皮中克隆得到与木质素合成相关的PAL基因,该基因可能通过参与调控种皮木质素的合成从而影响美洲南瓜裸粒品种的种皮发育。展开更多
Using seeds of inbred progenies of Cucurbita pepo L. DH12-11409 double haplolds as experimental materials, the effects of different hormone combinations, explant types and seedling ages on adventitious bud regeneratio...Using seeds of inbred progenies of Cucurbita pepo L. DH12-11409 double haplolds as experimental materials, the effects of different hormone combinations, explant types and seedling ages on adventitious bud regeneration and rooting of C. pepo L. were investigated. According to the results, inoculating cotyledonary nodes of yellow-green cotyledons from 5-d-old C. pepo L. double haploids to MS ＋ 30 g/L Suc ＋ 8 g/L Agar ＋ 2.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.1 mg/L NAA led to the best results with the induction frequency of 90.0% and differentiation coefficient of 8.5. MS medium with addition of 0.05 or 0.1 mg/L NAA led to the highest rooting rate. Regenerated seedlings with 5 - 6 true leaves exhibited the highest survival rate of 90.0%, which was the optimal period for domestication and transplanting of regenerated seedlings. This study laid a solid foundation for high-efficiency utilization of heterosis of C. pepo L.展开更多
Skin aging is a process most often attributed to UV<span><span><span style="font-family:" minion="" pro="" capt","serif";"=""><span styl...Skin aging is a process most often attributed to UV<span><span><span style="font-family:" minion="" pro="" capt","serif";"=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:" minion="" pro="" capt","serif";"=""><span></span></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[1]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:" color:#943634;"=""></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span><span></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:" color:red;"=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also to the use of creams and other cosmetic products low in antioxidant compounds </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[2]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Photochemically stable pepo Cucurbita oil can be used as an exogenous cosmetic supplement due to its high antioxidant content. Incorporated in an agar, media containing a synthetic melanin solution with added pumpkin oil are subjected to UV light, the aging thus modeled is followed by the measurement of photoresistance values correlated with chemical and spectrophotometric analyses. This study confirms that pumpkin oil is highly effective in protecting the skin, especially the most sensitive skins such as babies’ skin </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[3]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by reinforcing the action of melanin </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also that of albinos without melanin. Indeed its SPF (<b>Significant Sun Protection Factor</b>) index estimated during this work is very consistent,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> more than 22% of UVB (<b>280</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">315 nm</b>) radiations are suppressed.展开更多
The effects of fresh zucchini on nutritional status, and biological indicators for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in rats fed high-fat diets investigated in this study. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were random...The effects of fresh zucchini on nutritional status, and biological indicators for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in rats fed high-fat diets investigated in this study. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two main groups the first, negative control group Co (-) (n = 6), fed basal diet, The second group (n = 24) fed high-fat diet (containing basal diet + 5% tallow + 1% cholesterol + 0.02% bile salt). This group was divided into four subgroups each group 6 rats: group positive control co (+) fed high-fat diet only, group 1 (G (1)) fed high-fat diet plus 10% zucchini, group 2 (G (2) fed high-fat diet plus 15% zucchini and group 3 (G (3)) fed high-fat diet plus 20% zucchini. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured after eight wk. of experimental treatment. The pathologic changes of the heart, spleen and kidney were evaluated. SPSS, one way ANOVA was used to analyze the results. The results indicated that the mean values of body weight gain (BWG) and feed efficiency ratio (FIR) in G (2) and G (3) showed significant decrease compared to co (-), co (+) and G 1. The results showed that in groups (G1, G2 and G3) the relative weight of heart had significant increase when compared with control negative group. But liver and spleen weight had no significant difference when compared with control negative and positive group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in co (+) (P < 0.05) Compared to co (-), all groups fed on high fat diet containing different levels of zucchini (10%, 15% and 20%) had significant decrease in TC and LDL-C compared with co (+), also G2 and G3 had improve significant in HDL-C when compared with co. (+). The groups fed on zucchini give results similar to group co. (-). The best treatment was zucchini (15% and 20%) which had lowest values of total lipid cholesterol and LDL-C, and the best values of HDL-C, HDL-C/TC % for all groups fed on high fat diet and zucchini increased non significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the HDL-C/TC % index compared to group co. (+). while, G2 and G3 gave significant decrease in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio compared to group co. (+). Morphologic changes of heart, spleen and kidney revealed that groups G2 and G3 had a similar preventive effect against CHD in this experimental model. In conclusion, results showed that zucchini had similar potential to attenuate CHD-related parameters in a mild oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet in rats.展开更多
Cotyledonary node explants from 3 - 5-d-old seedling derived explants of Cucurbita pepo (L.) produced multiple shoots in Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts B5 vitamins containing medium in the presence of N6-benzylamino-p...Cotyledonary node explants from 3 - 5-d-old seedling derived explants of Cucurbita pepo (L.) produced multiple shoots in Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts B5 vitamins containing medium in the presence of N6-benzylamino-purine BAP 1 mg/L + Thidiazuron TDZ 0.05 mg/L. After 4 weeks explants were subcultured to medium containing MS salts B5 Vitamins BAP 0.5 mg/L, Gibberellic acid GA3 1 mg/L and L-Glutamine 15 mg/L. Periodic excision of regenerated shoots from the explants increased shoot efficiency during subculture. The combination of L-Glutamine with BA and GA3 significantly increased the shoot proliferation. Elongated shoots were excised from shoot clumps and transferred to rooting medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 1.0 mg/L). The rooted plants were hardened in small pot containing standardized garden soil, well developed plant transferred to greenhouse and survival rate was 85%.展开更多
Understanding the relations and interactions between ecosystem components and plants is crucial for sustainable production of medicinal plants. To study the effect of simultaneous application of organic and biological...Understanding the relations and interactions between ecosystem components and plants is crucial for sustainable production of medicinal plants. To study the effect of simultaneous application of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash, split plot arrangement of factors based on randomized complete block design with three replications were used during 2009-2010 growing season. The mainplot factors were the type of organic fertilizers, including： （1） cow manure; （2） sheep manure; （3） chicken manure; （4） vermicompost; and （5） control. The subplot factors were the biofertilizes （Nitragin, containing Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp.） utilization. The results showed the positive but non-significant effect of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash. Amongst the organic fertilizers, cow and chicken manure, have superiority compared to others. The highest seed oil and protein percent was obtained with application of chicken manure, however there was no significant difference between treatments in seed oil percent. The positive effect of organic and biological fertilizers on seed yield was higher than fruit yield. At a glance, application of cow manure solely was better than its application with nitragin. Nitragin application has no significant effect on some traits when utilized with sheep manure and vermicompost.展开更多
The study of the polymerization of a vegetable oil has a double interest;industrial but especially food. Industrial because polymers based on vegetable oil are in line with sustainable development;food because an oil ...The study of the polymerization of a vegetable oil has a double interest;industrial but especially food. Industrial because polymers based on vegetable oil are in line with sustainable development;food because an oil which polymerizes easily is a danger for human consumption. Three situations of <em>Cucurbita pepo</em> oil polymerization are carried out in the course of time, the factor retained being temperature. A monitoring of the evolution of the enthalpy by temperature variation by the DSC method allows to report the polymerization of this oil. It happens that a polymerization is triggered in the oil matrix but it seems to fade very quickly, this behavior is general because after sweeping a temperature range of 80<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C;100<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C and 150<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C adding different amounts of Irgacure: the<em> Cucurbita pepo</em> oil resists polymerization through its antioxidant compounds. However, a photolysis of this oil carried out over 8 days shows that it effectively polymerizes after 144 hours, which proves the great capacity of antioxidant compounds to protect this oil. The analyses carried out at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C aim to simulate the behavior of the oil at room temperature. The results reveal good resistance to both thermochemical and photochemical polymerization, which opens up great prospects for its development in the food industry and in nutrition.展开更多
Enzymatic decolourization of the azo dye, Direct Yellow （DY 106） by Cucurbita pepo （courgette） peroxidase （CP） is a complex process, which is greatly affected by pH, temperature, enzyme activity and the concentr...Enzymatic decolourization of the azo dye, Direct Yellow （DY 106） by Cucurbita pepo （courgette） peroxidase （CP） is a complex process, which is greatly affected by pH, temperature, enzyme activity and the concentrations of H202 and dye. Courgette peroxidase was extracted and its performance was evaluated by using the free-CP （FCP） and immobilized-CP （ICP） forms in the decolourization of DY106. Immobilization of peroxidase in calcium alginate beads was performed according to a strategy aiming to minimize enzyme leakage and keep its activity at a maximum value by optimizing sodium alginate content, enzyme loading and calcium chloride concentration. The initial conditions ~it which the highest DY106 decolourization yield was obtained were found at pH 2, temperature 20~C, H202 dose 1 mmol/L （FCP） and 100 mmol/L （ICP）. The highest decolourization rates were obtained for dye concentrations 50 mg/L （FCP） and 80 mg/L （ICP）. Under optimal conditions, the FCP was able to decolorize more than 87% of the dye within 2 min. While with ICP, the decolourization yield was 75% within 15 rain. The decolourization and removal of DY106 was proved by UV-Vis analysis. Fourier transform infrared （FF-IR） spectroscopy analysis was also performed on DY106 and enzymatic treatment precipitated byproduct.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072590 and 32002051)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M661244)the Academic Backbone Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University, China (20XG03)。
文摘Early flowering promotes early maturity, production, and the capacity to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an important agronomic trait in zucchini. The present study demonstrated that the zucchini inbred line ‘19’ consistently flowered early, taking significantly fewer days to bloom the first female flower(DFF) than the inbred line ‘113’. Genetic analysis revealed that DFF, an inheritable quantitative trait, is controlled by multiple genes. Based on the strategy of quantitative trait locus(QTL) sequencing(QTL-seq) combined with linkage analysis, three QTLs for DFF were identified on chromosomes 4, 11, and 20. This study used additional F2 populations grown under different environmental conditions for QTL mapping analysis of DFF with insertion/deletion(InDel) markers to validate these results. Using the composite interval mapping(CIM) method of R/qtl software, we only identified one major locus under all environmental conditions, located in a 117-kb candidate region on chromosome 20. Based on gene annotation, gene sequence alignment, and qRT-PCR analysis, we found that the Cp4.1LG20g08050 gene encoding a RING finger protein may be a candidate gene for the opposite regulation of early flowering in zucchini. In summary, these results lay a foundation for a better understanding of early flowering and improving early flowering-based breeding strategies in zucchini.
文摘The present study was conducted with the aim of extracting and characterising Cucurbita pepo seed oil and then producing soap with important dermatological properties. The physico-chemical results of the Cucurbita pepo seed oil after extraction were satisfactory and indicate that the oil obtained contains long-carbonaceous fatty acids. The production of the soap was based on the realisation of a saponification reaction by reflux heating between the extracted oil and a solution of soduim hydroxyde 7M for one hour. The soap obtained is characterised by the following physico-chemical parameters: salt content, alkali content, pH, and humidity;which meet ISO 684-1974 standards. The antibacterial parameters of the soaps S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 were determined by the Agar Diffusion test using the well method and these soaps showed an interesting antibacterial activity against the germs pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. Soaps based on Raffia sese oil (kolo oil) and Elaesis guineensis oil (palm oil) have also been synthesized for comparison with soap obtained from Cucurbita pepo seed oil.
文摘【目的】克隆有壳美洲南瓜种皮PAL基因(CP-PAL),研究PAL基因在有壳和裸仁美洲南瓜种皮发育过程中的表达特性,为揭示美洲南瓜种皮发育机理及木质素积累在南瓜种皮发育中的作用等方面提供理论依据。【方法】利用RT-PCR,结合RACE技术克隆CP-PAL的全长序列并进行生物信息学分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,采用2-△△Ct方法对种皮发育过程中PAL基因的表达进行分析。【结果】CP-PAL序列全长为1 720 bp,含有一个1 359bp的ORF,114 bp 5′端非翻译区、236 bp 3′端非翻译区及11 bp polyA结构,可编码452个氨基酸,分子量为48.86 kD,等电点为6.55,原子总数为6 885个,分子式为C2158H3449N607O657S14。通过BLASTX比对表明CP-PAL核苷酸序列及其氨基酸序列与黄瓜PAL核苷酸及其氨基酸序列的相似性最高。CP-PAL包含PAL-HAL、PLN02457及phe_am_lyase 3个结构域及酶活性中心序列(GTITASGDLVPLSYIA),属于Lyase_I_Like超家族。CP-PAL不具有导肽及信号肽,为非跨膜蛋白,可能定位于细胞质及内质网上,属可溶性蛋白。CP-PAL蛋白含有4个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ识别位点、6个蛋白激酶C识别位点、12个豆蔻酰化位点及2个糖基化位点。此外,分析可知CP-PAL有18个丝氨酸磷酸化位点、6个苏氨酸磷酸化位点及5个酪氨酸磷酸化位点。无规则卷曲是CP-PAL蛋白二级结构中最大量的结构元件,α-螺旋和延伸链分散于整个蛋白质中,且N-末端以无规则卷曲形式存在,C-末端以延伸链形式存在。CP-PAL氨基酸序列同挑选的其他14种植物的PAL氨基酸序列进行多重序列比较,发现功能区域的氨基酸序列较为保守,N-端的差异最大。系统进化树分析表明CP-PAL和黄瓜PAL蛋白的亲缘关系最近。CP-PAL蛋白三级结构以α-螺旋为主要结构元件,β-转角和无规则卷曲较少。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明PAL基因在有壳和裸仁美洲南瓜种皮发育中呈现反向对应的变化趋势:有壳美洲南瓜种皮PAL基因在自交授粉20 d后表达量增加,而裸仁美洲南瓜种皮PAL基因在20 d后表达量下降。整个种皮发育过程中,PAL基因在裸仁美洲南瓜中的表达量低于其在有壳美洲南瓜中的表达量。【结论】从有壳美洲南瓜种皮中克隆得到与木质素合成相关的PAL基因,该基因可能通过参与调控种皮木质素的合成从而影响美洲南瓜裸粒品种的种皮发育。
基金Supported by National Staple Vegetable Industry Technical System(CARS-25)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303112)
文摘Using seeds of inbred progenies of Cucurbita pepo L. DH12-11409 double haplolds as experimental materials, the effects of different hormone combinations, explant types and seedling ages on adventitious bud regeneration and rooting of C. pepo L. were investigated. According to the results, inoculating cotyledonary nodes of yellow-green cotyledons from 5-d-old C. pepo L. double haploids to MS ＋ 30 g/L Suc ＋ 8 g/L Agar ＋ 2.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.1 mg/L NAA led to the best results with the induction frequency of 90.0% and differentiation coefficient of 8.5. MS medium with addition of 0.05 or 0.1 mg/L NAA led to the highest rooting rate. Regenerated seedlings with 5 - 6 true leaves exhibited the highest survival rate of 90.0%, which was the optimal period for domestication and transplanting of regenerated seedlings. This study laid a solid foundation for high-efficiency utilization of heterosis of C. pepo L.
文摘Skin aging is a process most often attributed to UV<span><span><span style="font-family:" minion="" pro="" capt","serif";"=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:" minion="" pro="" capt","serif";"=""><span></span></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[1]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:" color:#943634;"=""></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span><span></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:" color:red;"=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also to the use of creams and other cosmetic products low in antioxidant compounds </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[2]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Photochemically stable pepo Cucurbita oil can be used as an exogenous cosmetic supplement due to its high antioxidant content. Incorporated in an agar, media containing a synthetic melanin solution with added pumpkin oil are subjected to UV light, the aging thus modeled is followed by the measurement of photoresistance values correlated with chemical and spectrophotometric analyses. This study confirms that pumpkin oil is highly effective in protecting the skin, especially the most sensitive skins such as babies’ skin </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[3]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span></span><span><span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by reinforcing the action of melanin </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also that of albinos without melanin. Indeed its SPF (<b>Significant Sun Protection Factor</b>) index estimated during this work is very consistent,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> more than 22% of UVB (<b>280</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">315 nm</b>) radiations are suppressed.
文摘The effects of fresh zucchini on nutritional status, and biological indicators for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in rats fed high-fat diets investigated in this study. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two main groups the first, negative control group Co (-) (n = 6), fed basal diet, The second group (n = 24) fed high-fat diet (containing basal diet + 5% tallow + 1% cholesterol + 0.02% bile salt). This group was divided into four subgroups each group 6 rats: group positive control co (+) fed high-fat diet only, group 1 (G (1)) fed high-fat diet plus 10% zucchini, group 2 (G (2) fed high-fat diet plus 15% zucchini and group 3 (G (3)) fed high-fat diet plus 20% zucchini. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured after eight wk. of experimental treatment. The pathologic changes of the heart, spleen and kidney were evaluated. SPSS, one way ANOVA was used to analyze the results. The results indicated that the mean values of body weight gain (BWG) and feed efficiency ratio (FIR) in G (2) and G (3) showed significant decrease compared to co (-), co (+) and G 1. The results showed that in groups (G1, G2 and G3) the relative weight of heart had significant increase when compared with control negative group. But liver and spleen weight had no significant difference when compared with control negative and positive group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in co (+) (P < 0.05) Compared to co (-), all groups fed on high fat diet containing different levels of zucchini (10%, 15% and 20%) had significant decrease in TC and LDL-C compared with co (+), also G2 and G3 had improve significant in HDL-C when compared with co. (+). The groups fed on zucchini give results similar to group co. (-). The best treatment was zucchini (15% and 20%) which had lowest values of total lipid cholesterol and LDL-C, and the best values of HDL-C, HDL-C/TC % for all groups fed on high fat diet and zucchini increased non significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the HDL-C/TC % index compared to group co. (+). while, G2 and G3 gave significant decrease in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio compared to group co. (+). Morphologic changes of heart, spleen and kidney revealed that groups G2 and G3 had a similar preventive effect against CHD in this experimental model. In conclusion, results showed that zucchini had similar potential to attenuate CHD-related parameters in a mild oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet in rats.
文摘Cotyledonary node explants from 3 - 5-d-old seedling derived explants of Cucurbita pepo (L.) produced multiple shoots in Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts B5 vitamins containing medium in the presence of N6-benzylamino-purine BAP 1 mg/L + Thidiazuron TDZ 0.05 mg/L. After 4 weeks explants were subcultured to medium containing MS salts B5 Vitamins BAP 0.5 mg/L, Gibberellic acid GA3 1 mg/L and L-Glutamine 15 mg/L. Periodic excision of regenerated shoots from the explants increased shoot efficiency during subculture. The combination of L-Glutamine with BA and GA3 significantly increased the shoot proliferation. Elongated shoots were excised from shoot clumps and transferred to rooting medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 1.0 mg/L). The rooted plants were hardened in small pot containing standardized garden soil, well developed plant transferred to greenhouse and survival rate was 85%.
文摘Understanding the relations and interactions between ecosystem components and plants is crucial for sustainable production of medicinal plants. To study the effect of simultaneous application of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash, split plot arrangement of factors based on randomized complete block design with three replications were used during 2009-2010 growing season. The mainplot factors were the type of organic fertilizers, including： （1） cow manure; （2） sheep manure; （3） chicken manure; （4） vermicompost; and （5） control. The subplot factors were the biofertilizes （Nitragin, containing Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp.） utilization. The results showed the positive but non-significant effect of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash. Amongst the organic fertilizers, cow and chicken manure, have superiority compared to others. The highest seed oil and protein percent was obtained with application of chicken manure, however there was no significant difference between treatments in seed oil percent. The positive effect of organic and biological fertilizers on seed yield was higher than fruit yield. At a glance, application of cow manure solely was better than its application with nitragin. Nitragin application has no significant effect on some traits when utilized with sheep manure and vermicompost.
文摘The study of the polymerization of a vegetable oil has a double interest;industrial but especially food. Industrial because polymers based on vegetable oil are in line with sustainable development;food because an oil which polymerizes easily is a danger for human consumption. Three situations of <em>Cucurbita pepo</em> oil polymerization are carried out in the course of time, the factor retained being temperature. A monitoring of the evolution of the enthalpy by temperature variation by the DSC method allows to report the polymerization of this oil. It happens that a polymerization is triggered in the oil matrix but it seems to fade very quickly, this behavior is general because after sweeping a temperature range of 80<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C;100<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C and 150<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C adding different amounts of Irgacure: the<em> Cucurbita pepo</em> oil resists polymerization through its antioxidant compounds. However, a photolysis of this oil carried out over 8 days shows that it effectively polymerizes after 144 hours, which proves the great capacity of antioxidant compounds to protect this oil. The analyses carried out at 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C aim to simulate the behavior of the oil at room temperature. The results reveal good resistance to both thermochemical and photochemical polymerization, which opens up great prospects for its development in the food industry and in nutrition.
文摘Enzymatic decolourization of the azo dye, Direct Yellow （DY 106） by Cucurbita pepo （courgette） peroxidase （CP） is a complex process, which is greatly affected by pH, temperature, enzyme activity and the concentrations of H202 and dye. Courgette peroxidase was extracted and its performance was evaluated by using the free-CP （FCP） and immobilized-CP （ICP） forms in the decolourization of DY106. Immobilization of peroxidase in calcium alginate beads was performed according to a strategy aiming to minimize enzyme leakage and keep its activity at a maximum value by optimizing sodium alginate content, enzyme loading and calcium chloride concentration. The initial conditions ~it which the highest DY106 decolourization yield was obtained were found at pH 2, temperature 20~C, H202 dose 1 mmol/L （FCP） and 100 mmol/L （ICP）. The highest decolourization rates were obtained for dye concentrations 50 mg/L （FCP） and 80 mg/L （ICP）. Under optimal conditions, the FCP was able to decolorize more than 87% of the dye within 2 min. While with ICP, the decolourization yield was 75% within 15 rain. The decolourization and removal of DY106 was proved by UV-Vis analysis. Fourier transform infrared （FF-IR） spectroscopy analysis was also performed on DY106 and enzymatic treatment precipitated byproduct.
