For a distributed drive electric vehicle（DDEV） driven by four in-wheel motors, advanced vehicle dynamic control methods can be realized easily because motors can be controlled independently, quickly and precisely. A...For a distributed drive electric vehicle（DDEV） driven by four in-wheel motors, advanced vehicle dynamic control methods can be realized easily because motors can be controlled independently, quickly and precisely. And direct yaw-moment control（DYC） has been widely studied and applied to vehicle stability control. Good vehicle handling performance： quick yaw rate transient response, small overshoot, high steady yaw rate gain, etc, is required by drivers under normal conditions, which is less concerned, however. Based on the hierarchical control methodology, a novel control system using direct yaw moment control for improving handling performance of a distributed drive electric vehicle especially under normal driving conditions has been proposed. The upper-loop control system consists of two parts： a state feedback controller, which aims to realize the ideal transient response of yaw rate, with a vehicle sideslip angle observer; and a steering wheel angle feedforward controller designed to achieve a desired yaw rate steady gain. Under the restriction of the effect of poles and zeros in the closed-loop transfer function on the system response and the capacity of in-wheel motors, the integrated time and absolute error（ITAE） function is utilized as the cost function in the optimal control to calculate the ideal eigen frequency and damper coefficient of the system and obtain optimal feedback matrix and feedforward matrix. Simulations and experiments with a DDEV under multiple maneuvers are carried out and show the effectiveness of the proposed method： yaw rate rising time is reduced, steady yaw rate gain is increased, vehicle steering characteristic is close to neutral steer and drivers burdens are also reduced. The control system improves vehicle handling performance under normal conditions in both transient and steady response. State feedback control instead of model following control is introduced in the control system so that the sense of control intervention to drivers is relieved.展开更多
The traditional ventilation mode of subway vehicles adopts the form that the inlets and outlets are placed on the upper part of the cabin.The air distribution formed in this mode often cause serious problems of therma...The traditional ventilation mode of subway vehicles adopts the form that the inlets and outlets are placed on the upper part of the cabin.The air distribution formed in this mode often cause serious problems of thermal comfort and energy consumption.In order to solve these problems caused by the traditional ventilation mode,a new hybrid ventilation mode was proposed.The hybrid ventilation mode uses both upper and underside air supply inlets.A method for evaluating the air distribution performance of subway air conditioning was developed.The method applies non-uniformity coefficients,maximum temperature difference,air diffusion performance index,modified energy utilization coefficient and Air short-circuit comprehensive coefficient.Air short-circuit comprehensive coefficient was a new index to evaluate the degree of air short-circuit of supply air.Based on the airflow simulation,the air distribution performance for the hybrid ventilation mode was evaluated using these indexes,and compared with the traditional ventilation mode.The results show that compared with the traditional ventilation mode,the hybrid ventilation mode has more uniform temperature distribution,better thermal comfort,higher energy utilization efficiency and lower degree of air short-circuit of supply air.展开更多
The effects of optical losses oil a directly-modulated radio-over-fiber （RoF） system used for distributed antenna networks are determined. The results show that with a properly designed bidirectional amplifier, the ...The effects of optical losses oil a directly-modulated radio-over-fiber （RoF） system used for distributed antenna networks are determined. The results show that with a properly designed bidirectional amplifier, the RoF link can tolerate over 20 and 16 dB of optical losses for down- and up-links, respectively. Simulation results are also consistent with the experimental data. These findings can contribute to tile design of RoF distributed antenna systems with different topologies.展开更多
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2011CB711200)National Science and Technology Support Program of China(Grant No.2015BAG17B00)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51475333)
文摘For a distributed drive electric vehicle（DDEV） driven by four in-wheel motors, advanced vehicle dynamic control methods can be realized easily because motors can be controlled independently, quickly and precisely. And direct yaw-moment control（DYC） has been widely studied and applied to vehicle stability control. Good vehicle handling performance： quick yaw rate transient response, small overshoot, high steady yaw rate gain, etc, is required by drivers under normal conditions, which is less concerned, however. Based on the hierarchical control methodology, a novel control system using direct yaw moment control for improving handling performance of a distributed drive electric vehicle especially under normal driving conditions has been proposed. The upper-loop control system consists of two parts： a state feedback controller, which aims to realize the ideal transient response of yaw rate, with a vehicle sideslip angle observer; and a steering wheel angle feedforward controller designed to achieve a desired yaw rate steady gain. Under the restriction of the effect of poles and zeros in the closed-loop transfer function on the system response and the capacity of in-wheel motors, the integrated time and absolute error（ITAE） function is utilized as the cost function in the optimal control to calculate the ideal eigen frequency and damper coefficient of the system and obtain optimal feedback matrix and feedforward matrix. Simulations and experiments with a DDEV under multiple maneuvers are carried out and show the effectiveness of the proposed method： yaw rate rising time is reduced, steady yaw rate gain is increased, vehicle steering characteristic is close to neutral steer and drivers burdens are also reduced. The control system improves vehicle handling performance under normal conditions in both transient and steady response. State feedback control instead of model following control is introduced in the control system so that the sense of control intervention to drivers is relieved.
文摘The traditional ventilation mode of subway vehicles adopts the form that the inlets and outlets are placed on the upper part of the cabin.The air distribution formed in this mode often cause serious problems of thermal comfort and energy consumption.In order to solve these problems caused by the traditional ventilation mode,a new hybrid ventilation mode was proposed.The hybrid ventilation mode uses both upper and underside air supply inlets.A method for evaluating the air distribution performance of subway air conditioning was developed.The method applies non-uniformity coefficients,maximum temperature difference,air diffusion performance index,modified energy utilization coefficient and Air short-circuit comprehensive coefficient.Air short-circuit comprehensive coefficient was a new index to evaluate the degree of air short-circuit of supply air.Based on the airflow simulation,the air distribution performance for the hybrid ventilation mode was evaluated using these indexes,and compared with the traditional ventilation mode.The results show that compared with the traditional ventilation mode,the hybrid ventilation mode has more uniform temperature distribution,better thermal comfort,higher energy utilization efficiency and lower degree of air short-circuit of supply air.
基金supported by the National "863" Program of China(No.2011AA010306)the National "973" Program of China(No.2012CB315705)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61107058,61120106001,60932004,61001121,and 60837004)the Beijing Excellent Doctoral Thesis Project(No.YB20101001301)the Cooperation Project between Province and Ministries(No.2011A090200025)
文摘The effects of optical losses oil a directly-modulated radio-over-fiber （RoF） system used for distributed antenna networks are determined. The results show that with a properly designed bidirectional amplifier, the RoF link can tolerate over 20 and 16 dB of optical losses for down- and up-links, respectively. Simulation results are also consistent with the experimental data. These findings can contribute to tile design of RoF distributed antenna systems with different topologies.
