As one of the most typical and promising membrane processes, electrodialysis(ED) technique plays a more and more significant role in industrial separation. Especially, the separation of monovalent cations and multival...As one of the most typical and promising membrane processes, electrodialysis(ED) technique plays a more and more significant role in industrial separation. Especially, the separation of monovalent cations and multivalent cations is currently a hot topic, which is not only desirable for many industries but also challenging for academic explorations. The main aim of the present contribution is to view the advances of a wide variety of monovalent cation perm-selective membranes(MCPMs) and their preparation technologies including(1) covalent crosslinking,(2) surface modification,(3) polymer blending,(4) electrospinning,(5) nanofiltration alike membrane,and(6) organic–inorganic hybrid. The relevant advantages and disadvantages with respect to some specific cases have been discussed and compared in detail. Furthermore, we elaborately discuss the opportunities and challenges of MCPMs, the fabricating strategies to take and the future perspectives.展开更多
We have constrained a small-scale,dome-shaped low-velocity structure near the core-mantle boundary(CMB)of Earth beneath Perm(the Perm anomaly)using travel-time analysis and three-dimensional(3-D)forward waveform model...We have constrained a small-scale,dome-shaped low-velocity structure near the core-mantle boundary(CMB)of Earth beneath Perm(the Perm anomaly)using travel-time analysis and three-dimensional(3-D)forward waveform modeling of seismic data sampling of the mantle.The best-fitting dome-shaped model centers at 60.0°E,50.5°N,and has a height of 400 km and a radius that increases from 200 km at the top to 450 km at the CMB.Its velocity reduction varies from 0%at the top to–3.0%at 240km above the CMB to–3.5%at the CMB.A surrounding 240-km-thick high-velocity D''structure has also been detected.The Perm anomaly may represent a stable smallscale chemical pile in the lowermost mantle,although the hypothesis of a developing mantle plume cannot be ruled out.展开更多
On the Penn Territory （Prikamie）, Russia, a systematic study of agarics and aphyllophoroid mushrooms has been conducted since 1975. The territory belongs to taiga. At present about 900 species of agarics and about 3...On the Penn Territory （Prikamie）, Russia, a systematic study of agarics and aphyllophoroid mushrooms has been conducted since 1975. The territory belongs to taiga. At present about 900 species of agarics and about 300 species ofaphyllophoroid mushrooms have been discovered. 139 species of Phylum Basidiomycota （131 species） and Phylum Ascomycota （eight species） can be used for therapeutic purposes. The most common are mushrooms from families Russulaceae （15 species）, Agaricaceae （11 species）, Polyporaceae, Strophariaceae （10 species each）. A considerable part of mushrooms （31 species） has bactericidal properties and 26 species can be used for treating malignant tumors.展开更多
PERM is the most efficient approach for solv- ing protein folding problem based on simple lattice model. In this article a personification explanation of PERM is pro- posed. A new version of PERM, population control a...PERM is the most efficient approach for solv- ing protein folding problem based on simple lattice model. In this article a personification explanation of PERM is pro- posed. A new version of PERM, population control algorithm with two main improvements is presented: one is that it is able to redefine the weight and its predicted value in PERM, and the other is that it is able to unify the calculation of weight when choosing possible branches. The improved PERM is more efficient than the previous version; specifi- cally it can find the known lowest energy states for the four well-known difficult instances and is generally several to hundreds times faster than PERM. It is noteworthy that with the improved PERM we found new lowest energy configura- tions of three of the four difficult problems missed in previ- ous papers.展开更多
An investigation is made to study the heat transfer in boundary layer stagnationpoint flow over a non-isothermal permeable shrinking sheet with suction/injection.In this study,power-law variation of sheet temperature...An investigation is made to study the heat transfer in boundary layer stagnationpoint flow over a non-isothermal permeable shrinking sheet with suction/injection.In this study,power-law variation of sheet temperature is considered.By similarity transformation,the governing equations with the boundary conditions are transformed to self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then those are solved numerically by shooting method.In presence of variable sheet temperature,the variation of temperature is analysed.For larger shrinking rate compared to that of straining rate,dual solutions for velocity and temperature are obtained.It is found that for positive value of power-law exponent of variable sheet temperature heat transfer at the sheet as well as heat absorption at the sheet with temperature overshoot near the sheet occur and for negative value heat transfer from the sheet occurs though there is overshoot away from the sheet.With increasing positive power-law exponent heat transfer reduces for first solution and heat absorption enhances for second solution.Whereas,with increasing magnitude of negative power-law exponent heat transfer increases for second solution and for first solution the heat transfer increases for larger shrinking rate and it decreases for smaller shrinking rate.Due to suction heat transfer/absorption increases in all cases and for injection heat transfer/absorption increases for first solution and decreases for second solution.Also,interesting effects of suction/injection and Prandtl number on temperature distribution are observed when the sheet temperature varies(directly/inversely)along the sheet.展开更多
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21490581,21506200,21606215)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(2016-11)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M570546)
文摘As one of the most typical and promising membrane processes, electrodialysis(ED) technique plays a more and more significant role in industrial separation. Especially, the separation of monovalent cations and multivalent cations is currently a hot topic, which is not only desirable for many industries but also challenging for academic explorations. The main aim of the present contribution is to view the advances of a wide variety of monovalent cation perm-selective membranes(MCPMs) and their preparation technologies including(1) covalent crosslinking,(2) surface modification,(3) polymer blending,(4) electrospinning,(5) nanofiltration alike membrane,and(6) organic–inorganic hybrid. The relevant advantages and disadvantages with respect to some specific cases have been discussed and compared in detail. Furthermore, we elaborately discuss the opportunities and challenges of MCPMs, the fabricating strategies to take and the future perspectives.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 41474042)the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology&Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IGGCAS)+1 种基金grant IGGCAS-201904the Computer Simulation Lab,IGGCAS and NSF(grants 0911319 and 1214215).
文摘We have constrained a small-scale,dome-shaped low-velocity structure near the core-mantle boundary(CMB)of Earth beneath Perm(the Perm anomaly)using travel-time analysis and three-dimensional(3-D)forward waveform modeling of seismic data sampling of the mantle.The best-fitting dome-shaped model centers at 60.0°E,50.5°N,and has a height of 400 km and a radius that increases from 200 km at the top to 450 km at the CMB.Its velocity reduction varies from 0%at the top to–3.0%at 240km above the CMB to–3.5%at the CMB.A surrounding 240-km-thick high-velocity D''structure has also been detected.The Perm anomaly may represent a stable smallscale chemical pile in the lowermost mantle,although the hypothesis of a developing mantle plume cannot be ruled out.
文摘On the Penn Territory （Prikamie）, Russia, a systematic study of agarics and aphyllophoroid mushrooms has been conducted since 1975. The territory belongs to taiga. At present about 900 species of agarics and about 300 species ofaphyllophoroid mushrooms have been discovered. 139 species of Phylum Basidiomycota （131 species） and Phylum Ascomycota （eight species） can be used for therapeutic purposes. The most common are mushrooms from families Russulaceae （15 species）, Agaricaceae （11 species）, Polyporaceae, Strophariaceae （10 species each）. A considerable part of mushrooms （31 species） has bactericidal properties and 26 species can be used for treating malignant tumors.
文摘PERM is the most efficient approach for solv- ing protein folding problem based on simple lattice model. In this article a personification explanation of PERM is pro- posed. A new version of PERM, population control algorithm with two main improvements is presented: one is that it is able to redefine the weight and its predicted value in PERM, and the other is that it is able to unify the calculation of weight when choosing possible branches. The improved PERM is more efficient than the previous version; specifi- cally it can find the known lowest energy states for the four well-known difficult instances and is generally several to hundreds times faster than PERM. It is noteworthy that with the improved PERM we found new lowest energy configura- tions of three of the four difficult problems missed in previ- ous papers.
文摘An investigation is made to study the heat transfer in boundary layer stagnationpoint flow over a non-isothermal permeable shrinking sheet with suction/injection.In this study,power-law variation of sheet temperature is considered.By similarity transformation,the governing equations with the boundary conditions are transformed to self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then those are solved numerically by shooting method.In presence of variable sheet temperature,the variation of temperature is analysed.For larger shrinking rate compared to that of straining rate,dual solutions for velocity and temperature are obtained.It is found that for positive value of power-law exponent of variable sheet temperature heat transfer at the sheet as well as heat absorption at the sheet with temperature overshoot near the sheet occur and for negative value heat transfer from the sheet occurs though there is overshoot away from the sheet.With increasing positive power-law exponent heat transfer reduces for first solution and heat absorption enhances for second solution.Whereas,with increasing magnitude of negative power-law exponent heat transfer increases for second solution and for first solution the heat transfer increases for larger shrinking rate and it decreases for smaller shrinking rate.Due to suction heat transfer/absorption increases in all cases and for injection heat transfer/absorption increases for first solution and decreases for second solution.Also,interesting effects of suction/injection and Prandtl number on temperature distribution are observed when the sheet temperature varies(directly/inversely)along the sheet.
