Objective:To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB(MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients.Methods:Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study.Different clinical,ra...Objective:To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB(MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients.Methods:Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study.Different clinical,radiological and bacteriological were performed to rule out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB.Results:Between January 2012 and December 2012,a total of 200 index MDR-TB patients were initiated on MDR-TB treatment,out of which home visit and contacts screening were conducted for 154 index cases.Of 610 contacts who could be studied,41(17.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 10(4.2%) had TB.The most common symptoms observed were cough,chest pain and fever.Conclusions:The high incidence of MDR-TB among close contacts emphasize the need for effective contact screening programme of index MDR-TB cases in order to cut the chain of transmission of this disease.展开更多
Objective:To determine the frequency of risk factors of congestive cardiac failure in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar.Methods:This retrospective observational study was conducted in department of Cardiology,Postg...Objective:To determine the frequency of risk factors of congestive cardiac failure in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar.Methods:This retrospective observational study was conducted in department of Cardiology,Postgraduate Medical Institute,Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar,from March 2005 to September 2007.Relevant information regarding the risk factors of congestive cardiac failure were recorded on questionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectives of the study.Results:1 019 patients with established diagnosis of cardiac failure (based on clinical findings and relevant investigations) were included.Out of total sampling 583 (57.12%) were males and 436(42.78%) were females.The age range of the patients was from 6 years to 82 years with mean age of 48.5 years and mode of age was 45 years.The distribution of causative factors of CCF was:ischemic heart disease(IHD) 36.31%,hypertension 26.30%,dilated cardiomyopathy 10.10%,obstructve and restrictive cardiomyopathies 5.39%,valvular heart diseases(VHD) 9.32%,congenital heart disease like ventricular septal defects(VSD) 4.41%,atrial septal defects(ASD) 0.58%,atrial fibrillation (AF) 2.25%,constrictive pericardidtis 1.07%.Pericardial effusion 0.68%,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension 1.47%,thyrotoxicosis 0.68%,complete heart block 0.29%and paget disease in 0.09%cases.Conclusion:Ischemic heart disease,hypertension,cardiomypathies,valvular heart disease and congenital heart disease are major contributor to CCF in our patients.展开更多
Recently women entrepreneur literature in developed countries has been assessed through their life course approach due to the criticism on the absence of study from the perspective of structural pattern,in which the w...Recently women entrepreneur literature in developed countries has been assessed through their life course approach due to the criticism on the absence of study from the perspective of structural pattern,in which the women are embedded through means of qualitative study.This reveals so many clarifications to the existence themes.Still the Pakistani entrepreneurial literature neglecting the women entrepreneur life course experiences due to social-cultural context of Pakistan.The present study focused on the ten Pakistani women entrepreneur from Islamabad and Peshawar region by the lens of life course approach through semistructured interview.The qualitative analysis of the life course approach among Pakistani women entrepreneur exposed some additional factor to life course approach and contrary findings as compared to the developed countries.The Pakistani women’s rich stories are affected through life course approach but the socialcultural context made it little worst means bringing into business with less flexible approach.展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB(MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients.Methods:Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study.Different clinical,radiological and bacteriological were performed to rule out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB.Results:Between January 2012 and December 2012,a total of 200 index MDR-TB patients were initiated on MDR-TB treatment,out of which home visit and contacts screening were conducted for 154 index cases.Of 610 contacts who could be studied,41(17.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 10(4.2%) had TB.The most common symptoms observed were cough,chest pain and fever.Conclusions:The high incidence of MDR-TB among close contacts emphasize the need for effective contact screening programme of index MDR-TB cases in order to cut the chain of transmission of this disease.
文摘Objective:To determine the frequency of risk factors of congestive cardiac failure in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar.Methods:This retrospective observational study was conducted in department of Cardiology,Postgraduate Medical Institute,Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar,from March 2005 to September 2007.Relevant information regarding the risk factors of congestive cardiac failure were recorded on questionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectives of the study.Results:1 019 patients with established diagnosis of cardiac failure (based on clinical findings and relevant investigations) were included.Out of total sampling 583 (57.12%) were males and 436(42.78%) were females.The age range of the patients was from 6 years to 82 years with mean age of 48.5 years and mode of age was 45 years.The distribution of causative factors of CCF was:ischemic heart disease(IHD) 36.31%,hypertension 26.30%,dilated cardiomyopathy 10.10%,obstructve and restrictive cardiomyopathies 5.39%,valvular heart diseases(VHD) 9.32%,congenital heart disease like ventricular septal defects(VSD) 4.41%,atrial septal defects(ASD) 0.58%,atrial fibrillation (AF) 2.25%,constrictive pericardidtis 1.07%.Pericardial effusion 0.68%,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension 1.47%,thyrotoxicosis 0.68%,complete heart block 0.29%and paget disease in 0.09%cases.Conclusion:Ischemic heart disease,hypertension,cardiomypathies,valvular heart disease and congenital heart disease are major contributor to CCF in our patients.
文摘Recently women entrepreneur literature in developed countries has been assessed through their life course approach due to the criticism on the absence of study from the perspective of structural pattern,in which the women are embedded through means of qualitative study.This reveals so many clarifications to the existence themes.Still the Pakistani entrepreneurial literature neglecting the women entrepreneur life course experiences due to social-cultural context of Pakistan.The present study focused on the ten Pakistani women entrepreneur from Islamabad and Peshawar region by the lens of life course approach through semistructured interview.The qualitative analysis of the life course approach among Pakistani women entrepreneur exposed some additional factor to life course approach and contrary findings as compared to the developed countries.The Pakistani women’s rich stories are affected through life course approach but the socialcultural context made it little worst means bringing into business with less flexible approach.
