Garnet amphibolite is one of the common metabasic rocks exposed in collisional orogenic belt,the metamorphic evolution of which is associated closely with orogenic processes.The Yaganbuyang garnet amphibolites occur a...Garnet amphibolite is one of the common metabasic rocks exposed in collisional orogenic belt,the metamorphic evolution of which is associated closely with orogenic processes.The Yaganbuyang garnet amphibolites occur as blocks hosted by massive granitic gneiss,and consist mainly of hornblende,garnet,clinopyroxene,plagioclase,biotite,quartz with minor rutile/ilmenite and phengitic muscovite.These garnet amphibolites were interpreted to have experienced decompression-dominated evolution that can be divided into three generations(M1,M2,M3),based on the petrographic observations and phase equilibria modeling calculated by THERMOCALC.The assemblage of the first generation(M1)is inferred to possibly be dominated by garnet+omphacite+rutile+phengite+quartz,which is modeled to be roughly stable at P>25 kbar and T>800℃.The second generation(M2)is characterized by the local symplectites of clinopyroxene+plagioclase produced from omphacite,indicating a near-isothermal decompression from~23.8 kbar/875℃to~10 kbar/852℃.The third generation(M3)is marked by the kelyphitic rims of plagioclase+hornblende around garnet and of hornblende+ilmenite around clinopyroxene,involving the late-stage retrogression from~9.8 kbar/848℃to~5.8 kbar/645℃.Zircon U-Pb dating yielded one group metamorphic age of c.500 Ma that is interpreted to represent the timing of the peak eclogite-facies metamorphism.A combination of petrography observation,phase modeling results and geochronology data suggests that the Yaganbuyang garnet amphibolites have once undergone eclogite-facies metamorphism by continental subduction rather than crustal thickening.Therefore,the Yaganbuyang area is an eastward extension part of the South Altyn HP-UHP metamorphic belt.展开更多
The Precambrian lower crust rocks at the southeastern margin of the North China Craton （NCC） are mainly exposed as granulite xenoliths hosted by Mesozoic dioritic porphyry and metamorphic terrains in the Xuzhou-Suzh...The Precambrian lower crust rocks at the southeastern margin of the North China Craton （NCC） are mainly exposed as granulite xenoliths hosted by Mesozoic dioritic porphyry and metamorphic terrains in the Xuzhou-Suzhou area. Garnet amphiholites and garnet granulites are two kinds of typical lower-crustal xenoliths and were selected to reconstruct different stages of the metamorphic process. In this study, in view of multistage metamorphic evolution and reworking, phase equilibria modeling was used for the first time to better constrain peak P-T conditions of the xenoliths. Some porphyroblastic garnets have a weak zonal structure in composition with homogeneous cores and were surrounded by thin rims with an increase in XMg and a decrease in X Ca （or X Mg）- Clinopyroxene contain varying amounts of Na2O and Al2O3 as well as amphibole of TiO2, while plagioclases are different in calcium contents. Peak metamorphic P-T conditions are calculated by the smallest garnet x（g） （Fe2＋/（Fe2＋＋Mg）） contours and the smallest plagioclase ca（pl） （Ca/（Ca＋Na）） contours in NCFMASHTO （Na2O-CaO-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2- H20-TiO2-Fe2O3） system, which are consistent with those estimated by conventional geothermobarometry. The new results show that the peak and decompressional P-T conditions for the rocks are 850-900 ℃/ 1.4-1.6 GPa and 820-850 ℃/0.9-1.3 GPa, respectively, suggestive of high and middle-low pressure granulite-facies metamorphism. Combined with previous zircon U-Pb dating and conventional geothermobarometry data, it is indicated that the xenoliths experienced a clockwise P-T-t evolution with nearisothermal deeompressional process, suggestive of the Paleoproterozoic subduction-collision setting. In this regard, the studied region together with Jiao-Liao-Ji belt is further documented to make up a Paleopro- terozoic collisional orogen in the eastern block of the NCC.展开更多
The solid–liquid equilibria(SLE)for binary and ternary systems consisting of N-Vinylpyrrolidone(NVP),2-Pyrrolidone(2-P)and water are measured.The phase diagrams of NVP(1)+2-P(2),NVP(1)+water(2),NVP(1)+2-P(2)+1 wt%wat...The solid–liquid equilibria(SLE)for binary and ternary systems consisting of N-Vinylpyrrolidone(NVP),2-Pyrrolidone(2-P)and water are measured.The phase diagrams of NVP(1)+2-P(2),NVP(1)+water(2),NVP(1)+2-P(2)+1 wt%water(3)and NVP(1)+2-P(2)+2 wt%water(3)are identified as simple eutectic type with the eutectic points at 263.75 K(x_(1E)=0.5427),251.65 K(x_(1E)=0.3722),260.25 K(x_(1E)=0.5031)and256.55 K(x_(1E)=0.4684),respectively.The phase diagram of 2-P(1)+water(2)has two eutectic points(x_(1E)=0.1236,T_E=259.15 K and x_(1E)=0.7831,T_E=286.15 K)and one congruent melting point(x_(1C)=0.4997,T_C=303.55 K)because of the generation of a congruently melting addition compound:2-P·H_2O.The ideal solubility and the UNIFAC models were applied to predict the SLE,while the Wilson and NRTL models were employed in correlating the experimental data.The best correlation of the SLE data has been obtained by the Wilson model for the binary system of NVP+2-P.The UNIFAC model gives more satisfactory predictions than the ideal solubility model.展开更多
Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time （P-T-t） evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular Ind...Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time （P-T-t） evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular India. An inferred peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet, K-feldspar, sillimanite, plagioclase, magnetite, ilmenite, spinel and melt is consistent with peak metamorphic pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures in excess of 900 ℃. Subsequent growth of cordierite and biotite record high-temperature retrograde decompression to around 5 kbar and 800 ℃. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores suggests that the sedimentary protoliths were in part derived from felsic igneous rocks with Palae- oproterozoic crystallisation ages. New growth of metamorphic zircon on the rims of detrital grains constrains the onset of melt crystallisation, and the minimum age of the metamorphic peak, to around 560 Ma. The data suggest two stages of monazite growth. The first generation of REE-enriched monazite grew during partial melting along the prograde path at around 570 Ma via the incongruent breakdown of apatite. Relatively REE-depleted rims, which have a pronounced negative europium anomaly, grew during melt crystallisation along the retrograde path at around 535 Ma. Our data show the rocks remained at suprasolidus temperatures for at least 35 million years and probably much longer, supporting a long-lived high-grade metamorphic history. The metamorphic conditions, timing and duration of the implied clockwise P-T-t path are similar to that previously established for other regions in peninsular India during the Ediacaran to Cambrian assembly of that part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.展开更多
This study presents a re-examination of historical specimens(DG136 and DG167)from the Monashee complex in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera that are critical to the current understanding of rare earth element(REE)d...This study presents a re-examination of historical specimens(DG136 and DG167)from the Monashee complex in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera that are critical to the current understanding of rare earth element(REE)distribution between garnet and monazite(and other accessory minerals)during metamorphism.Nine-hundred and fifty-one new monazite petrochronology spot analyses on 29 different grains across two specimens outline detailed(re)crystallization histories.Trace element data collected from the same ablated volume,interpreted in the context of new phase equilibria modelling that includes monazite,xenotime and apatite,link ages to specific portions of the pressure-temperature(P-T)paths followed by the specimens.These linkages are further informed by garnet Lu-Hf geochronology and xenotime petrochronology.The clockwise P-T paths indicate prograde metamorphism was ongoing by ca.80 Ma in both specimens.The structurally deeper specimen,DG136,records peak P-T conditions of~755-770℃and 8.8-10.4 kbar,interpreted to coincide with(re-)crystallization of low Y monazite at~75-70 Ma.Near-rim garnet isopleths from DG167 cross in the observed peak assemblage field at~680℃ and 9.3 kbar.These conditions are interpreted to correspond with low Y monazite(re-)crystallisation at~65 Ma.Both specimens record decompression along their retrograde path coincident with high Y 70-55 Ma and 65-55 Ma monazite populations in DG136 and DG167,respectively.These findings broadly agree with those initially reported~20 years ago and confirm early interpretations using trace elements in monazite as generally reliable markers of metamorphic reactions.Modern phase equilibria modelling and in situ petrochronological analysis,however,provide additional insight into monazite behaviour during anatexis and the effects of potential trace element buffering by REE-bearing phases such as apatite.展开更多
In this contribution,we analyzed a pair of mafic samples collected from a recently identified shear zone and its proximal footwall from the Manicouagan Imbricate Zone(MIZ)of the central Grenville Province,Québec,...In this contribution,we analyzed a pair of mafic samples collected from a recently identified shear zone and its proximal footwall from the Manicouagan Imbricate Zone(MIZ)of the central Grenville Province,Québec,Canada.Titanite petrochronology,metamorphic phase equilibria modelling,trace element thermometry,and electron backscattered diffraction data were used to define a Pressure-Temperature-timeDeformation path for the two samples.An interconnected dislocation network within titanite grains,as outlined with Kerneled Average Misorientation maps,are spatially correlated with variation in the U-Pb system but not with that observed for trace element These results suggest that the U-Pb system was decoupled from trace and rare earth elements and that deformation,rather than interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation reactions or re-crystallisation,was the main driver for this decoupling.In addition to highlighting a potential pitfall of titanite petrochronology,our P-T-t-D path reveals that ductile shear zones were active later than previously suggested within the MIZ.展开更多
It is generally believed that trondhjemitic rock, an important component of TTG rocks, is the anatectic product of mafic rocks. However, in many TTG gneiss terranes, for instance, the granulite facies terrane in Easte...It is generally believed that trondhjemitic rock, an important component of TTG rocks, is the anatectic product of mafic rocks. However, in many TTG gneiss terranes, for instance, the granulite facies terrane in Eastern Hebei, trondhjemites occur as small dikes, intrusions or leucosomes in tonalitic gneisses, suggesting their origin of in-situ partial melting. Based on the petrological analysis of a tonalitic gneiss sample from Eastern Hebei, in combination with zircon U-Pb dating, we investigated the petrogenesis of trondhjemite through simulating anatectic reactions and the major and trace element characteristics of the product melt at different pressures(0.7, 1.0 and 2.0 GPa). The results indicate that hornblende dehydration melting in a tonalitic gneiss at 0.9–1.1 GPa and 800–850°C, corresponding to the high-T granulite facies, with melting degrees of 5–10wt.% and a residual assemblage containing 5–10wt.% garnet, can produce felsic melts with a great similarity, for instance of high La/Yb ratios and low Yb contents to the trondhjemitic rocks from Eastern Hebei. However, the modelled melts exhibit relatively higher K2 O, and lower CaO and Mg~# than those in the trondhjemitic dikes and leucosomes from Eastern Hebei, suggesting that the leucosomes may not only contain some residual minerals but also be subjected to the effect of crystal fractionation. The zircon U-Pb dating for the tonalitic and trondhjemitic rocks in the Eastern Hebei yields a protolith age of 2518±12 Ma and a metamorphic age of 2505±19 Ma for the tonalitic gneiss. The latter age is consistent with a crystallization age of 2506±6 Ma for the trondhjemitic rock, confirming a close petrogenetic relation between them.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42030307,41972054,41430209,41672187,41902051)the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Xi’an,China。
文摘Garnet amphibolite is one of the common metabasic rocks exposed in collisional orogenic belt,the metamorphic evolution of which is associated closely with orogenic processes.The Yaganbuyang garnet amphibolites occur as blocks hosted by massive granitic gneiss,and consist mainly of hornblende,garnet,clinopyroxene,plagioclase,biotite,quartz with minor rutile/ilmenite and phengitic muscovite.These garnet amphibolites were interpreted to have experienced decompression-dominated evolution that can be divided into three generations(M1,M2,M3),based on the petrographic observations and phase equilibria modeling calculated by THERMOCALC.The assemblage of the first generation(M1)is inferred to possibly be dominated by garnet+omphacite+rutile+phengite+quartz,which is modeled to be roughly stable at P>25 kbar and T>800℃.The second generation(M2)is characterized by the local symplectites of clinopyroxene+plagioclase produced from omphacite,indicating a near-isothermal decompression from~23.8 kbar/875℃to~10 kbar/852℃.The third generation(M3)is marked by the kelyphitic rims of plagioclase+hornblende around garnet and of hornblende+ilmenite around clinopyroxene,involving the late-stage retrogression from~9.8 kbar/848℃to~5.8 kbar/645℃.Zircon U-Pb dating yielded one group metamorphic age of c.500 Ma that is interpreted to represent the timing of the peak eclogite-facies metamorphism.A combination of petrography observation,phase modeling results and geochronology data suggests that the Yaganbuyang garnet amphibolites have once undergone eclogite-facies metamorphism by continental subduction rather than crustal thickening.Therefore,the Yaganbuyang area is an eastward extension part of the South Altyn HP-UHP metamorphic belt.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41773020)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB856104)the PhD Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 20133402130008)
文摘The Precambrian lower crust rocks at the southeastern margin of the North China Craton （NCC） are mainly exposed as granulite xenoliths hosted by Mesozoic dioritic porphyry and metamorphic terrains in the Xuzhou-Suzhou area. Garnet amphiholites and garnet granulites are two kinds of typical lower-crustal xenoliths and were selected to reconstruct different stages of the metamorphic process. In this study, in view of multistage metamorphic evolution and reworking, phase equilibria modeling was used for the first time to better constrain peak P-T conditions of the xenoliths. Some porphyroblastic garnets have a weak zonal structure in composition with homogeneous cores and were surrounded by thin rims with an increase in XMg and a decrease in X Ca （or X Mg）- Clinopyroxene contain varying amounts of Na2O and Al2O3 as well as amphibole of TiO2, while plagioclases are different in calcium contents. Peak metamorphic P-T conditions are calculated by the smallest garnet x（g） （Fe2＋/（Fe2＋＋Mg）） contours and the smallest plagioclase ca（pl） （Ca/（Ca＋Na）） contours in NCFMASHTO （Na2O-CaO-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2- H20-TiO2-Fe2O3） system, which are consistent with those estimated by conventional geothermobarometry. The new results show that the peak and decompressional P-T conditions for the rocks are 850-900 ℃/ 1.4-1.6 GPa and 820-850 ℃/0.9-1.3 GPa, respectively, suggestive of high and middle-low pressure granulite-facies metamorphism. Combined with previous zircon U-Pb dating and conventional geothermobarometry data, it is indicated that the xenoliths experienced a clockwise P-T-t evolution with nearisothermal deeompressional process, suggestive of the Paleoproterozoic subduction-collision setting. In this regard, the studied region together with Jiao-Liao-Ji belt is further documented to make up a Paleopro- terozoic collisional orogen in the eastern block of the NCC.
文摘The solid–liquid equilibria(SLE)for binary and ternary systems consisting of N-Vinylpyrrolidone(NVP),2-Pyrrolidone(2-P)and water are measured.The phase diagrams of NVP(1)+2-P(2),NVP(1)+water(2),NVP(1)+2-P(2)+1 wt%water(3)and NVP(1)+2-P(2)+2 wt%water(3)are identified as simple eutectic type with the eutectic points at 263.75 K(x_(1E)=0.5427),251.65 K(x_(1E)=0.3722),260.25 K(x_(1E)=0.5031)and256.55 K(x_(1E)=0.4684),respectively.The phase diagram of 2-P(1)+water(2)has two eutectic points(x_(1E)=0.1236,T_E=259.15 K and x_(1E)=0.7831,T_E=286.15 K)and one congruent melting point(x_(1C)=0.4997,T_C=303.55 K)because of the generation of a congruently melting addition compound:2-P·H_2O.The ideal solubility and the UNIFAC models were applied to predict the SLE,while the Wilson and NRTL models were employed in correlating the experimental data.The best correlation of the SLE data has been obtained by the Wilson model for the binary system of NVP+2-P.The UNIFAC model gives more satisfactory predictions than the ideal solubility model.
基金Funding for analyses and fieldwork was provided through Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery and DECRA projects DP0879330 and DE1201030(to CC)Future Fellowship Scheme#FT120100340(to ASC)+1 种基金the Australia-India Strategic Research Fund project#ST030046(to CC and ASC)support from Curtin University Strategic Research Funding
文摘Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time （P-T-t） evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular India. An inferred peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet, K-feldspar, sillimanite, plagioclase, magnetite, ilmenite, spinel and melt is consistent with peak metamorphic pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures in excess of 900 ℃. Subsequent growth of cordierite and biotite record high-temperature retrograde decompression to around 5 kbar and 800 ℃. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores suggests that the sedimentary protoliths were in part derived from felsic igneous rocks with Palae- oproterozoic crystallisation ages. New growth of metamorphic zircon on the rims of detrital grains constrains the onset of melt crystallisation, and the minimum age of the metamorphic peak, to around 560 Ma. The data suggest two stages of monazite growth. The first generation of REE-enriched monazite grew during partial melting along the prograde path at around 570 Ma via the incongruent breakdown of apatite. Relatively REE-depleted rims, which have a pronounced negative europium anomaly, grew during melt crystallisation along the retrograde path at around 535 Ma. Our data show the rocks remained at suprasolidus temperatures for at least 35 million years and probably much longer, supporting a long-lived high-grade metamorphic history. The metamorphic conditions, timing and duration of the implied clockwise P-T-t path are similar to that previously established for other regions in peninsular India during the Ediacaran to Cambrian assembly of that part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.
文摘This study presents a re-examination of historical specimens(DG136 and DG167)from the Monashee complex in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera that are critical to the current understanding of rare earth element(REE)distribution between garnet and monazite(and other accessory minerals)during metamorphism.Nine-hundred and fifty-one new monazite petrochronology spot analyses on 29 different grains across two specimens outline detailed(re)crystallization histories.Trace element data collected from the same ablated volume,interpreted in the context of new phase equilibria modelling that includes monazite,xenotime and apatite,link ages to specific portions of the pressure-temperature(P-T)paths followed by the specimens.These linkages are further informed by garnet Lu-Hf geochronology and xenotime petrochronology.The clockwise P-T paths indicate prograde metamorphism was ongoing by ca.80 Ma in both specimens.The structurally deeper specimen,DG136,records peak P-T conditions of~755-770℃and 8.8-10.4 kbar,interpreted to coincide with(re-)crystallization of low Y monazite at~75-70 Ma.Near-rim garnet isopleths from DG167 cross in the observed peak assemblage field at~680℃ and 9.3 kbar.These conditions are interpreted to correspond with low Y monazite(re-)crystallisation at~65 Ma.Both specimens record decompression along their retrograde path coincident with high Y 70-55 Ma and 65-55 Ma monazite populations in DG136 and DG167,respectively.These findings broadly agree with those initially reported~20 years ago and confirm early interpretations using trace elements in monazite as generally reliable markers of metamorphic reactions.Modern phase equilibria modelling and in situ petrochronological analysis,however,provide additional insight into monazite behaviour during anatexis and the effects of potential trace element buffering by REE-bearing phases such as apatite.
基金funded in part by the Ministère des Ressources naturelles du Québec contribution no.8449–2021-2022–04 under the supervision of AMoukhsil and partially funded by an NSERC-Discovery grant RGPIN-2014-04593 hosted by F.Gervais.
文摘In this contribution,we analyzed a pair of mafic samples collected from a recently identified shear zone and its proximal footwall from the Manicouagan Imbricate Zone(MIZ)of the central Grenville Province,Québec,Canada.Titanite petrochronology,metamorphic phase equilibria modelling,trace element thermometry,and electron backscattered diffraction data were used to define a Pressure-Temperature-timeDeformation path for the two samples.An interconnected dislocation network within titanite grains,as outlined with Kerneled Average Misorientation maps,are spatially correlated with variation in the U-Pb system but not with that observed for trace element These results suggest that the U-Pb system was decoupled from trace and rare earth elements and that deformation,rather than interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation reactions or re-crystallisation,was the main driver for this decoupling.In addition to highlighting a potential pitfall of titanite petrochronology,our P-T-t-D path reveals that ductile shear zones were active later than previously suggested within the MIZ.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41430207)
文摘It is generally believed that trondhjemitic rock, an important component of TTG rocks, is the anatectic product of mafic rocks. However, in many TTG gneiss terranes, for instance, the granulite facies terrane in Eastern Hebei, trondhjemites occur as small dikes, intrusions or leucosomes in tonalitic gneisses, suggesting their origin of in-situ partial melting. Based on the petrological analysis of a tonalitic gneiss sample from Eastern Hebei, in combination with zircon U-Pb dating, we investigated the petrogenesis of trondhjemite through simulating anatectic reactions and the major and trace element characteristics of the product melt at different pressures(0.7, 1.0 and 2.0 GPa). The results indicate that hornblende dehydration melting in a tonalitic gneiss at 0.9–1.1 GPa and 800–850°C, corresponding to the high-T granulite facies, with melting degrees of 5–10wt.% and a residual assemblage containing 5–10wt.% garnet, can produce felsic melts with a great similarity, for instance of high La/Yb ratios and low Yb contents to the trondhjemitic rocks from Eastern Hebei. However, the modelled melts exhibit relatively higher K2 O, and lower CaO and Mg~# than those in the trondhjemitic dikes and leucosomes from Eastern Hebei, suggesting that the leucosomes may not only contain some residual minerals but also be subjected to the effect of crystal fractionation. The zircon U-Pb dating for the tonalitic and trondhjemitic rocks in the Eastern Hebei yields a protolith age of 2518±12 Ma and a metamorphic age of 2505±19 Ma for the tonalitic gneiss. The latter age is consistent with a crystallization age of 2506±6 Ma for the trondhjemitic rock, confirming a close petrogenetic relation between them.
