Among central nervous system-associated malignancies,glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common and has the highest mortality rate.The high heterogeneity of GBM cell types and the complex tumor microenvironment frequently le...Among central nervous system-associated malignancies,glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common and has the highest mortality rate.The high heterogeneity of GBM cell types and the complex tumor microenvironment frequently lead to tumor recurrence and sudden relapse in patients treated with temozolomide.In precision medicine,research on GBM treatment is increasingly focusing on molecular subtyping to precisely characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity,as well as the refractory nature of GBM toward therapy.Deep understanding of the different molecular expression patterns of GBM subtypes is critical.Researchers have recently proposed tetra fractional or tripartite methods for detecting GBM molecular subtypes.The various molecular subtypes of GBM show significant differences in gene expression patterns and biological behaviors.These subtypes also exhibit high plasticity in their regulatory pathways,oncogene expression,tumor microenvironment alterations,and differential responses to standard therapy.Herein,we summarize the current molecular typing scheme of GBM and the major molecular/genetic characteristics of each subtype.Furthermore,we review the mesenchymal transition mechanisms of GBM under various regulators.展开更多
Objective To examine the clinical phenotype and genetic deficiencies present in Chinese aniridia families with PAX6 haplotype deficiency.Methods A comprehensive questionnaire and ophthalmological assessments were admi...Objective To examine the clinical phenotype and genetic deficiencies present in Chinese aniridia families with PAX6 haplotype deficiency.Methods A comprehensive questionnaire and ophthalmological assessments were administered to both affected patients and unaffected relatives.The clinical feature analysis included the evaluation of visual acuity,intraocular pressure,slit-lamp anterior segment examination,fundus photography,and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.To identify the mutation responsible for aniridia,targeted next-generation sequencing was used as a beneficial technique.Results A total of 4 mutations were identified,consisting of two novel frameshift mutations(c.314delA,p.K105Sfs*33 and c.838_845dup AACACACC,p.S283Tfs*85),along with two recurring nonsense mutations(c.307C>T,p.R103X and c.619A>T,p.K207*).Complete iris absence,macular foveal hypoplasia,and nystagmus were consistent in these PAX6 haplotype-deficient Chinese aniridia families,while corneal lesions,cataracts,and glaucoma exhibited heterogeneity both among the families and within the same family.Conclusion In our study,two novel PAX6 mutations associated with aniridia were identified in Chinese families,which expanded the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of PAX6 mutations.We also analyzed the clinical characteristics of PAX6 haplotype deficiency in Chinese aniridia families.展开更多
●AIM:To establish a classification for congenital cataracts that can facilitate individualized treatment and help identify individuals with a high likelihood of different visual outcomes.●METHODS:Consecutive patient...●AIM:To establish a classification for congenital cataracts that can facilitate individualized treatment and help identify individuals with a high likelihood of different visual outcomes.●METHODS:Consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital cataracts and undergoing surgery between January 2005 and November 2021 were recruited.Data on visual outcomes and the phenotypic characteristics of ocular biometry and the anterior and posterior segments were extracted from the patients’medical records.A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed.The main outcome measure was the identification of distinct clusters of eyes with congenital cataracts.●RESULTS:A total of 164 children(299 eyes)were divided into two clusters based on their ocular features.Cluster 1(96 eyes)had a shorter axial length(mean±SD,19.44±1.68 mm),a low prevalence of macular abnormalities(1.04%),and no retinal abnormalities or posterior cataracts.Cluster 2(203 eyes)had a greater axial length(mean±SD,20.42±2.10 mm)and a higher prevalence of macular abnormalities(8.37%),retinal abnormalities(98.52%),and posterior cataracts(4.93%).Compared with the eyes in Cluster 2(57.14%),those in Cluster 1(71.88%)had a 2.2 times higher chance of good best-corrected visual acuity[<0.7 logMAR;OR(95%CI),2.20(1.25–3.81);P=0.006].●CONCLUSION:This retrospective study categorizes congenital cataracts into two distinct clusters,each associated with a different likelihood of visual outcomes.This innovative classification may enable the personalization and prioritization of early interventions for patients who may gain the greatest benefit,thereby making strides toward precision medicine in the field of congenital cataracts.展开更多
Glass catfish(Kryptopterus vitreolus)are notable in the aquarium trade for their highly transparent body pattern.This transparency is due to the loss of most reflective iridophores and light-absorbing melanophores in ...Glass catfish(Kryptopterus vitreolus)are notable in the aquarium trade for their highly transparent body pattern.This transparency is due to the loss of most reflective iridophores and light-absorbing melanophores in the main body,although certain black and silver pigments remain in the face and head.To date,however,the molecular mechanisms underlying this transparent phenotype remain largely unknown.To explore the genetic basis of this transparency,we constructed a chromosome-level haplotypic genome assembly for the glass catfish,encompassing 32 chromosomes and 23344 protein-coding genes,using PacBio and Hi-C sequencing technologies and standard assembly and annotation pipelines.Analysis revealed a premature stop codon in the putative albinism-related tyrp1b gene,encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1,rendering it a nonfunctional pseudogene.Notably,a synteny comparison with over 30 other fish species identified the loss of the endothelin-3(edn3b)gene in the glass catfish genome.To investigate the role of edn3b,we generated edn3b^(−/−)mutant zebrafish,which exhibited a remarkable reduction in black pigments in body surface stripes compared to wild-type zebrafish.These findings indicate that edn3b loss contributes to the transparent phenotype of the glass catfish.Our high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly and identification of key genes provide important molecular insights into the transparent phenotype of glass catfish.These findings not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying transparency in glass catfish,but also offer a valuable genetic resource for further research on pigmentation in various animal species.展开更多
Objective:Some patients exhibit septic symptoms following laparoscopic surgery,leading to a poor prognosis.Effective clinical subphenotyping is critical for guiding tailored therapeutic strategies in these cases.By id...Objective:Some patients exhibit septic symptoms following laparoscopic surgery,leading to a poor prognosis.Effective clinical subphenotyping is critical for guiding tailored therapeutic strategies in these cases.By identifying predisposing factors for postoperative sepsis,clinicians can implement targeted interventions,potentially improving outcomes.This study outlines a workflow for the subphenotype methodology in the context of laparoscopic surgery,along with its practical application.Methods:This study utilized data routinely available in clinical case systems,enhancing the applicability of our findings.The data included vital signs,such as respiratory rate,and laboratory measures,such as blood sodium levels.The process of categorizing clinical routine data involved technical complexities.A correlation heatmap was used to visually depict the relationships between variables.Ordering points were used to identify the clustering structure and combined with Consensus K clustering methods to determine the optimal categorization.Results:Our study highlighted the intricacies of identifying clinical subphenotypes following laparoscopic surgery,and could thus serve as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers seeking to explore disease heterogeneity in clinical settings.By simplifying complex methodologies,we aimed to bridge the gap between technical expertise and clinical application,fostering an environment where professional medical knowledge is effectively utilized in subphenotyping research.Conclusion:This tutorial could primarily serve as a guide for beginners.A variety of clustering approaches were explored,and each step in the process contributed to a comprehensive understanding of clinical subphenotypes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is a progressive hepatic disease whose immunological basis has attracted increasing attention.However,it remains unclear whether a concrete causal association exists between immunocyte pheno...BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is a progressive hepatic disease whose immunological basis has attracted increasing attention.However,it remains unclear whether a concrete causal association exists between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis.AIM To explore the concrete causal relationships between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis through a mendelian randomization(MR)study.METHODS Data on 731 immunocyte phenotypes were obtained from genome-wide assoc-iation studies.Liver cirrhosis data were derived from the Finn Gen dataset,which included 214403 individuals of European ancestry.We used inverse variable weighting as the primary analysis method to assess the causal relationship.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.RESULTS The MR analysis demonstrated that 11 immune cell phenotypes have a positive association with liver cirrhosis[P<0.05,odds ratio(OR)>1]and that 9 immu-nocyte phenotypes were negatively correlated with liver cirrhosis(P<0.05,OR<1).Liver cirrhosis was positively linked to 9 immune cell phenotypes(P<0.05,OR>1)and negatively linked to 10 immune cell phenotypes(P<0.05;OR<1).None of these associations showed heterogeneity or horizontally pleiotropy(P>0.05).CONCLUSION This bidirectional two-sample MR study demonstrated a concrete causal association between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis.These findings offer new directions for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.展开更多
Background: In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI) represents the final step in the management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Our objective was to study the association between PCOS...Background: In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI) represents the final step in the management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Our objective was to study the association between PCOS phenotypes and IVF/ICSI results in women admitted to Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH). Material and Method: We carried out a cohort study with historical-prospective data collection over a period of seven years (January 2016 to March 2023) at Chracerh. PCOS patients were subdivided into 4 subgroups A, B, C and D. Results: We recruited 128 patients including 64 PCOS patients divided into four phenotypes and 64 non-PCOS patients constituting the control group. Phenotype D without hyperandrogenism had used the lowest dose of gonadotropins, i.e. 1939.7 ± 454.3 IU, and had produced a greater quantity of estradiol on the day ovulation was triggered (6529.8 ± 4324.8 ng/ml). The average number of punctured follicles and mature oocytes were higher in the phenotype D group. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurred mainly in phenotype D (3/35), with an estimated prevalence of 2.3%. The fertilization rate seemed lower in the hyperandrogenic phenotypes A, B, C compared to the group without hyperandrogenism without significant difference (p = 0.461). The biological pregnancy rate and live birth rate were comparable between the different groups. Conclusion: Phenotype D used less dose of gonadotropins. Biological pregnancy and live birth rates were comparable between the different phenotypes.展开更多
Automatic collecting of phenotypic information from plants has become a trend in breeding and smart agriculture.Targeting mature soybean plants at the harvesting stage,which are dense and overlapping,we have proposed ...Automatic collecting of phenotypic information from plants has become a trend in breeding and smart agriculture.Targeting mature soybean plants at the harvesting stage,which are dense and overlapping,we have proposed the SPP-extractor(soybean plant phenotype extractor)algorithm to acquire phenotypic traits.First,to address the mutual occultation of pods,we augmented the standard YOLOv5s model for target detection with an additional attention mechanism.The resulting model could accurately identify pods and stems and could count the entire pod set of a plant in a single scan.Second,considering that mature branches are usually bent and covered with pods,we designed a branch recognition and measurement module combining image processing,target detection,semantic segmentation,and heuristic search.Experimental results on real plants showed that SPP-extractor achieved respective R^(2) scores of 0.93–0.99 for four phenotypic traits,based on regression on manual measurements.展开更多
Previous study revealed that ferritin heavy chain-1(FTH1)could regulate ferritinophagy and affect intracellular Fe^(+)content in various tumors,while its N6-methyladenosine(m6A)RNA methylation was closely related the ...Previous study revealed that ferritin heavy chain-1(FTH1)could regulate ferritinophagy and affect intracellular Fe^(+)content in various tumors,while its N6-methyladenosine(m6A)RNA methylation was closely related the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.However,little is known about the role of FTH1 m6A methylation in ovarian cancer(OC)and its possible action mechanisms.In this study we constructed FTH1 m6A methylation regulatory pathway(LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1/IGF2BP1)according to related bioinformatics analysis and research,through clinical sample detections we found that these pathway regulatory factors were significantly up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues,and their expression levels were closely related to the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer.In vitro cell experiments showed that LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could up-regulate FTH1 expression through IGF2BP1 axis,thus inhibited ferroptosis by regulating ferritinophagy,and finally promoted proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer cells.Tumor-bearing mice studies showed that the knock-down of LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could inhibited the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo condition.Our results demonstrated that LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could promote the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells through FTH1-IGF2BP1 regulated ferroptosis.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients face an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality,mainly from cardiovascular diseases.Diabetes mellitus,arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia are highly prevalent in CKD patients.E...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients face an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality,mainly from cardiovascular diseases.Diabetes mellitus,arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia are highly prevalent in CKD patients.Established therapeutic protocols for the treatment of diabetes mellitus,arterial hypertension,and dyslipidemia are not as effective in CKD patients as in the general population.The role of non-traditional risk factors(RF)has gained interest in the last decades.These entail the deranged clinical spectrum of secondary hyperparathyroidism involving vascular and valvular calcification,under the term“CKDmineral and bone disorder”(CKD-MBD),uremia per se,inflammation and oxidative stress.Each one of these non-traditional RF have been addressed in various study designs,but the results do not exhibit any applied clinical benefit for CKD-patients.The“crusade”against cardiorenal morbidity and mortality in CKD-patients is in some instances,derailed.We propose a therapeutic paradigm advancing from isolated treatment targets,as practiced today,to precision medicine involving patient phenotypes with distinct underlying pathophysiology.In this regard we propose two steps,based on current stratification management of corona virus disease-19 and sepsis.First,select patients who are expected to have a high mortality,i.e.,a prognostic enrichment.Second,select patients who are likely to respond to a specific therapy,i.e.,a predictive enrichment.展开更多
Soybean yield has traditionally been increased through high planting density,but investigating plant height and petiole traits to select for compact architecture,lodging resistance,and high yield varieties is an under...Soybean yield has traditionally been increased through high planting density,but investigating plant height and petiole traits to select for compact architecture,lodging resistance,and high yield varieties is an underexplored option for further improving yield.We compared the relationships between yield-related traits,lodging resistance,and petioleassociated phenotypes in the short petiole germplasm M657 with three control accessions during 2017–2018 in four locations in the Huang–Huai region,China.The results showed that M657 exhibited stable and high tolerance to high planting density and resistance to lodging,especially at the highest density(8×105 plants ha–1).The regression analysis indicated that a shorter petiole length was significantly associated with increased lodging resistance.The yield analysis showed that M657 achieved higher yields under higher densities,especially in the northern part of the Huang–Huai region.Among the varieties,there were markedly different responses to intra-and inter-row spacing designs with respect to both lodging and yield that were related to location and density.Lodging was positively correlated with planting density,plant height,petiole length,and number of effective branches,but negatively correlated with stem diameter,seed number per plant,and seed weight per plant.The yield of soybean was increased by appropriately increasing the planting density on the basis of the current soybean varieties in the Huang–Huai region.This study provides a valuable new germplasm resource for the introgression of compact architecture traits that are amenable to providing a high yield in high density planting systems,and it establishes a high-yield model of soybean in the Huang–Huai region.展开更多
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent disease in the United States.It is a well-demonstrated cause of recurrent and long-standing liver and pancreatic injury which can lead to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(...BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent disease in the United States.It is a well-demonstrated cause of recurrent and long-standing liver and pancreatic injury which can lead to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC)and chronic pancreatitis(ACP).ALC and ACP are associated with significant healthcare utilization,cost burden,and mortality.The prevalence of coexistent disease(CD)ranges widely in the literature and the intersection between ALC and ACP is inconsistently charac-terized.As such,the clinical profile of coexistent ALC and ACP remains poorly understood.We hypothesized that patients with CD have a worse phenotype when compared to single organ disease.AIM To compare the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with CD from those with ALC or ACP Only.METHODS In this retrospective comparative analysis,we reviewed international classi-fication of disease 9/10 codes and electronic health records of adult patients with verified ALC Only(n=135),ACP Only(n=87),and CD(n=133)who received care at UPMC Presbyterian-Shadyside Hospital.ALC was defined by histology,imaging or clinical evidence of cirrhosis or hepatic decompensation.ACP was defined by imaging findings of pancreatic calcifications,moderate-severe pancreatic duct dilatation,irregularity or atrophy.We compared demographics,pertinent clinical variables,healthcare utilization,and mortality for patients with CD with those who had single organ disease.RESULTS Compared to CD or ACP Only,patients with ALC Only were more likely to be older,Caucasian,have higher body mass index,and Hepatitis B or C infection.CD patients(vs ALC Only)were less likely to have imaging evidence of cirrhosis and portal hypertension despite possessing similar MELD-Na and Child C scores at the most recent contact.CD patients(vs ACP Only)were less likely to have acute or recurrent acute pancreatitis,diabetes mellitus,insulin use,oral pancreatic enzyme therapy,and need for endoscopic therapy or pancreatic surgery.The number of hospitalizations in patients with CD were similar to ACP Only but significantly higher than ALC Only.The overall mortality in patients with CD was similar to ALC Only but trended to be higher than ACP Only(P=0.10).CONCLUSION CD does not have a worse phenotype compared with single organ disease.The dominant phenotype in CD is similar to ALC Only which should be the focus in longitudinal follow-up.展开更多
Background: In disorders of sexual differentiation, sexual development may not conform to the chromosomal structure, thus forming different types of abnormalities. Among these abnormalities is syndrome 46, XX DSD wher...Background: In disorders of sexual differentiation, sexual development may not conform to the chromosomal structure, thus forming different types of abnormalities. Among these abnormalities is syndrome 46, XX DSD where most patients are female phenotype with clitoral hypertrophy that can go to complete masculinization especially in the presence of the SRY gene. Objective: The goal of this work is to demonstrate a relationship between the genotype and the phenotype in five patients karyotype 46, XX with the presence of the SRY gene. Methodology: The study involves five patients referred to the laboratory under suspicion of sexual development anomalies. The diagnosis took place through hormonal and echography examinations, a classic cytogenetic study (Barr chromatin and karyotype) and an amplification of the SRY gene located on the Y chromosome. The resulting PCR products were sent for sequencing. Results: Based on the results of clinical and paraclinical tests carried out it was found clitoral hypertrophy, the presence of clitoris penis for some, presence of normal penis for others. In addition, echography revealed a lack of female internal genitalia (P2, P3), and a presence of testicles (P3, P4, P5). Genetic analysis (chromosomal and molecular) showed a karyotype 46, XX SRY (+) for all patients. New mutations were found c.246 T > A, p.82 Asn82Lys and c.171 G > C, p.57 Gln57His. Conclusion: In our study, we were able to correlate each DSD with karyotype 46, XX to a pathology such as 46, XX DSD testicular, 46, XX DSD with clitoral hypertrophy and ovotestis 46, XX. The next step will undoubtedly be the integration of other molecular techniques (genotyping, FISH, CGH or even the CGH array) to further genetic exploration.展开更多
There is growing evidence that long-term central nervous system(CNS)inflammation exacerbates secondary deterioration of brain structures and functions and is one of the major determinants of disease outcome and progre...There is growing evidence that long-term central nervous system(CNS)inflammation exacerbates secondary deterioration of brain structures and functions and is one of the major determinants of disease outcome and progression.In acute CNS injury,brain microglia are among the first cells to respond and play a critical role in neural repair and regeneration.However,microglial activation can also impede CNS repair and amplify tissue damage,and phenotypic transformation may be responsible for this dual role.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-derived exosomes(Exos)are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of acute CNS injuries due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties.MSC-Exos are nanoscale membrane vesicles that are actively released by cells and are used clinically as circulating biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.MSC-Exos can be neuroprotective in several acute CNS models,including for stroke and traumatic brain injury,showing great clinical potential.This review summarized the classification of acute CNS injury disorders and discussed the prominent role of microglial activation in acute CNS inflammation and the specific role of MSC-Exos in regulating pro-inflammatory microglia in neuroinflammatory repair following acute CNS injury.Finally,this review explored the potential mechanisms and factors associated with MSCExos in modulating the phenotypic balance of microglia,focusing on the interplay between CNS inflammation,the brain,and injury aspects,with an emphasis on potential strategies and therapeutic interventions for improving functional recovery from early CNS inflammation caused by acute CNS injury.展开更多
Differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach is classified into gastric or intestinal phenotypes based on mucus expression. Recent advances in mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry have highlighted the importa...Differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach is classified into gastric or intestinal phenotypes based on mucus expression. Recent advances in mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry have highlighted the importance of such a distinction, and it is important clinically to distinguish between gastricand intestinal-type differentiated adenocarcinoma. However, a clinical and pathological diagnosis of this type is often difficult in early gastric cancer because of histological similarities between a hyperplastic epithelium and lowgrade atypia. Furthermore, determining tumor margins is often difficult, even with extensive preoperative examination. It is therefore critical to consider these diagnostic difficulties and different biological behaviors with high malignant potential when treating patients with gastric-type differentiated adenocarcinoma.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to conduct non-destructive monitoring on wheat leaf in field and discuss the method to measure geometric phenotype of flag leaf through digital image processing in order to establish relationsh...[Objective] The aim was to conduct non-destructive monitoring on wheat leaf in field and discuss the method to measure geometric phenotype of flag leaf through digital image processing in order to establish relationship between geometric pheno- type of flag leaf and N fertilizer regulation. [Method] Ningmai 13 was applied with N fertilizers in different amounts to discuss relationship among area, length, average width of flag leaf and applied N fertilizers using digital camera and digital image pro- cessing technique. [Result] Fertilizer is a main environmental factor influencing geo- metric phenotype of flag leaf, for example, area of flag leaf would enlarge four times and the length would increase from 15.87 to 25.33 cm by different N fertilizer amount. Thus, geometric phenotype of flag leaf would reflect N fertilizer amount at early stage. The highly accurate relationship between phenotype and N fertilizer is a reliable tech- nique to study on rules of wheat phenotype, N fertilizer and environmental factors. [Conclusion] The research indicated that digital image processing technique with scale label and dynamic background plates is an effective method to obtain geometric phenotype of sessile crops and crops with little leaf, providing a feasible scheme for non- destructive monitoring on growth dynamic of leaf＇s organs.展开更多
Aim Following cerebral isehemia, microglia respond to the injury acting as the first defense of central nervous system. Activated microglia play a dual role in the ischemie injury depending on the phenotype of micro-...Aim Following cerebral isehemia, microglia respond to the injury acting as the first defense of central nervous system. Activated microglia play a dual role in the ischemie injury depending on the phenotype of micro- gila, including deleterious M1 phenotype and neuroprotective M2 phenotype. However, microglia show transient M2 phenotype followed by a transition to M1 phenotype aggravating the ischemic injury. Many signal pathways par- ticipate in the modulation of microglial polarization , presenting potential therapeutic targets for selectively inducing the polarization of M2 microglia. In this review, we discuss M2 microglia phenotype mediated neuroprotective role and the signaling cascades controlling microglial phenotype after ischemic stroke.展开更多
Objective:Triple-negative breast cancer(estrogen receptor-negative,progesterone receptor-negative and Her2-negative) can be classified into two subtypes:basal and non-basal phenotype.And the basal phenotype is associa...Objective:Triple-negative breast cancer(estrogen receptor-negative,progesterone receptor-negative and Her2-negative) can be classified into two subtypes:basal and non-basal phenotype.And the basal phenotype is associated with poor outcome.The purpose of this study was to figure out the differences of clinicopathological characters and related factors of prognosis between these two subtypes.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the CK5/6,CK17 basal markers and EGFR on biopsy samples from 40 triple-negative patients and the clinicopathology features of these samples were investigated.Results:Seventy percent of the patients were diagnosed as the basal phenotype.Compared with the non-basal phenotype,the basal phenotype lesions were significantly larger in diameter with a high nuclear grade.In the node-negative group the basal phenotype clearly showed the same clinicopathological differences.There was statistically significant concordance among all three antibodies.Conclusion:Expression of basal markers identifies a biologically and clinically distinct subgroup of TN tumors,justifying the use of basal markers to define the basal or the non-basal phenotype.It is important to help the doctor deciding the therapeutic strategy for patient with triple-negative breast cancer.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to investigate inheritance of the mutagenic properties caused by ion implantation from F1 to F2 generation in chili pepper.[Method]Chili pepper seeds were implanted with different ion combinatio...[Objective]The aim was to investigate inheritance of the mutagenic properties caused by ion implantation from F1 to F2 generation in chili pepper.[Method]Chili pepper seeds were implanted with different ion combinations at different doses,and the F1 generation seeds of five groups in which biological mutation occurred were selected to sow in the field.Then the main phenotype changes in F2 generation were observed,the biochemical changes caused by ion implantation were analyzed by determination of peroxidase isozyme.[Result]Seed implanted with 9×1011 P2＋/cm2 and 1×1012 Cu2＋/cm2（No.21）on its both sides could maintain the superiority in yield per plant to F2 generation,while the mutagenic effects of F1 generation in other groups were not inherited by the F2 generation.[Conclusion]The prominent biological characters induced in the seeds of group No.21 were relatively inherited,so the seeds were worth further breeding.展开更多
Discovering genetic basis of diseases is an important goal and a challenging problem in bioinformatics research. Inspired by network-based global inference approach, Semi-global inference method is proposed to capture...Discovering genetic basis of diseases is an important goal and a challenging problem in bioinformatics research. Inspired by network-based global inference approach, Semi-global inference method is proposed to capture the complex associations between phenotypes and genes. The proposed method integrates phenotype similarities and protein-protein interactions, and it establishes the profile vectors of phenotypes and proteins. Then the relevance between each candidate gene and the target phenotype is evaluated. Candidate genes are then ranked according to relevance mark and genes that are potentially associated with target disease are identified based on this ranking. The model selects nodes in integrated phenotype-protein network for inference, by exploiting Phenotype Similarity Threshold (PST), which throws lights on selection of similar phenotypes for gene prediction problem. Different vector relevance metrics for computing the relevance marks of candidate genes are discussed. The performance of the model is evaluated on Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) data sets and experimental evaluation shows high performance of proposed Semi-global method outperforms existing global inference methods.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82172660)Hebei Province Graduate Student Innovation Project(Grant No.CXZZBS2023001)Baoding Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.H2272P015).
文摘Among central nervous system-associated malignancies,glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common and has the highest mortality rate.The high heterogeneity of GBM cell types and the complex tumor microenvironment frequently lead to tumor recurrence and sudden relapse in patients treated with temozolomide.In precision medicine,research on GBM treatment is increasingly focusing on molecular subtyping to precisely characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity,as well as the refractory nature of GBM toward therapy.Deep understanding of the different molecular expression patterns of GBM subtypes is critical.Researchers have recently proposed tetra fractional or tripartite methods for detecting GBM molecular subtypes.The various molecular subtypes of GBM show significant differences in gene expression patterns and biological behaviors.These subtypes also exhibit high plasticity in their regulatory pathways,oncogene expression,tumor microenvironment alterations,and differential responses to standard therapy.Herein,we summarize the current molecular typing scheme of GBM and the major molecular/genetic characteristics of each subtype.Furthermore,we review the mesenchymal transition mechanisms of GBM under various regulators.
文摘Objective To examine the clinical phenotype and genetic deficiencies present in Chinese aniridia families with PAX6 haplotype deficiency.Methods A comprehensive questionnaire and ophthalmological assessments were administered to both affected patients and unaffected relatives.The clinical feature analysis included the evaluation of visual acuity,intraocular pressure,slit-lamp anterior segment examination,fundus photography,and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.To identify the mutation responsible for aniridia,targeted next-generation sequencing was used as a beneficial technique.Results A total of 4 mutations were identified,consisting of two novel frameshift mutations(c.314delA,p.K105Sfs*33 and c.838_845dup AACACACC,p.S283Tfs*85),along with two recurring nonsense mutations(c.307C>T,p.R103X and c.619A>T,p.K207*).Complete iris absence,macular foveal hypoplasia,and nystagmus were consistent in these PAX6 haplotype-deficient Chinese aniridia families,while corneal lesions,cataracts,and glaucoma exhibited heterogeneity both among the families and within the same family.Conclusion In our study,two novel PAX6 mutations associated with aniridia were identified in Chinese families,which expanded the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of PAX6 mutations.We also analyzed the clinical characteristics of PAX6 haplotype deficiency in Chinese aniridia families.
基金Supported by the Municipal Government and School(Hospital)Joint Funding Programme of Guangzhou(No.2023A03J0174,No.2023A03J0188)the State Key Laboratories’Youth Program of China(No.83000-32030003).
文摘●AIM:To establish a classification for congenital cataracts that can facilitate individualized treatment and help identify individuals with a high likelihood of different visual outcomes.●METHODS:Consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital cataracts and undergoing surgery between January 2005 and November 2021 were recruited.Data on visual outcomes and the phenotypic characteristics of ocular biometry and the anterior and posterior segments were extracted from the patients’medical records.A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed.The main outcome measure was the identification of distinct clusters of eyes with congenital cataracts.●RESULTS:A total of 164 children(299 eyes)were divided into two clusters based on their ocular features.Cluster 1(96 eyes)had a shorter axial length(mean±SD,19.44±1.68 mm),a low prevalence of macular abnormalities(1.04%),and no retinal abnormalities or posterior cataracts.Cluster 2(203 eyes)had a greater axial length(mean±SD,20.42±2.10 mm)and a higher prevalence of macular abnormalities(8.37%),retinal abnormalities(98.52%),and posterior cataracts(4.93%).Compared with the eyes in Cluster 2(57.14%),those in Cluster 1(71.88%)had a 2.2 times higher chance of good best-corrected visual acuity[<0.7 logMAR;OR(95%CI),2.20(1.25–3.81);P=0.006].●CONCLUSION:This retrospective study categorizes congenital cataracts into two distinct clusters,each associated with a different likelihood of visual outcomes.This innovative classification may enable the personalization and prioritization of early interventions for patients who may gain the greatest benefit,thereby making strides toward precision medicine in the field of congenital cataracts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0139700,2023YFE0205100)Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(20220202)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Team(2023KJ150)China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund(CAMC-2018F)National Freshwater Genetic Resource Center(FGRC18537)Guangdong Rural Revitalization Strategy Special Provincial Organization and Implementation Project Funds(2022-SBH-00-001)。
文摘Glass catfish(Kryptopterus vitreolus)are notable in the aquarium trade for their highly transparent body pattern.This transparency is due to the loss of most reflective iridophores and light-absorbing melanophores in the main body,although certain black and silver pigments remain in the face and head.To date,however,the molecular mechanisms underlying this transparent phenotype remain largely unknown.To explore the genetic basis of this transparency,we constructed a chromosome-level haplotypic genome assembly for the glass catfish,encompassing 32 chromosomes and 23344 protein-coding genes,using PacBio and Hi-C sequencing technologies and standard assembly and annotation pipelines.Analysis revealed a premature stop codon in the putative albinism-related tyrp1b gene,encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1,rendering it a nonfunctional pseudogene.Notably,a synteny comparison with over 30 other fish species identified the loss of the endothelin-3(edn3b)gene in the glass catfish genome.To investigate the role of edn3b,we generated edn3b^(−/−)mutant zebrafish,which exhibited a remarkable reduction in black pigments in body surface stripes compared to wild-type zebrafish.These findings indicate that edn3b loss contributes to the transparent phenotype of the glass catfish.Our high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly and identification of key genes provide important molecular insights into the transparent phenotype of glass catfish.These findings not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying transparency in glass catfish,but also offer a valuable genetic resource for further research on pigmentation in various animal species.
基金The study was funded by the China National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2504503,2023YFC3603104)General Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(2024KY1099)+2 种基金the Huadong Medicine Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LHDMD24H150001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272180)the Project of Drug Clinical Evaluate Research of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association(CPA-Z06-ZC-2021e004).
文摘Objective:Some patients exhibit septic symptoms following laparoscopic surgery,leading to a poor prognosis.Effective clinical subphenotyping is critical for guiding tailored therapeutic strategies in these cases.By identifying predisposing factors for postoperative sepsis,clinicians can implement targeted interventions,potentially improving outcomes.This study outlines a workflow for the subphenotype methodology in the context of laparoscopic surgery,along with its practical application.Methods:This study utilized data routinely available in clinical case systems,enhancing the applicability of our findings.The data included vital signs,such as respiratory rate,and laboratory measures,such as blood sodium levels.The process of categorizing clinical routine data involved technical complexities.A correlation heatmap was used to visually depict the relationships between variables.Ordering points were used to identify the clustering structure and combined with Consensus K clustering methods to determine the optimal categorization.Results:Our study highlighted the intricacies of identifying clinical subphenotypes following laparoscopic surgery,and could thus serve as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers seeking to explore disease heterogeneity in clinical settings.By simplifying complex methodologies,we aimed to bridge the gap between technical expertise and clinical application,fostering an environment where professional medical knowledge is effectively utilized in subphenotyping research.Conclusion:This tutorial could primarily serve as a guide for beginners.A variety of clustering approaches were explored,and each step in the process contributed to a comprehensive understanding of clinical subphenotypes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270649.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is a progressive hepatic disease whose immunological basis has attracted increasing attention.However,it remains unclear whether a concrete causal association exists between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis.AIM To explore the concrete causal relationships between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis through a mendelian randomization(MR)study.METHODS Data on 731 immunocyte phenotypes were obtained from genome-wide assoc-iation studies.Liver cirrhosis data were derived from the Finn Gen dataset,which included 214403 individuals of European ancestry.We used inverse variable weighting as the primary analysis method to assess the causal relationship.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.RESULTS The MR analysis demonstrated that 11 immune cell phenotypes have a positive association with liver cirrhosis[P<0.05,odds ratio(OR)>1]and that 9 immu-nocyte phenotypes were negatively correlated with liver cirrhosis(P<0.05,OR<1).Liver cirrhosis was positively linked to 9 immune cell phenotypes(P<0.05,OR>1)and negatively linked to 10 immune cell phenotypes(P<0.05;OR<1).None of these associations showed heterogeneity or horizontally pleiotropy(P>0.05).CONCLUSION This bidirectional two-sample MR study demonstrated a concrete causal association between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis.These findings offer new directions for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
文摘Background: In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI) represents the final step in the management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Our objective was to study the association between PCOS phenotypes and IVF/ICSI results in women admitted to Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH). Material and Method: We carried out a cohort study with historical-prospective data collection over a period of seven years (January 2016 to March 2023) at Chracerh. PCOS patients were subdivided into 4 subgroups A, B, C and D. Results: We recruited 128 patients including 64 PCOS patients divided into four phenotypes and 64 non-PCOS patients constituting the control group. Phenotype D without hyperandrogenism had used the lowest dose of gonadotropins, i.e. 1939.7 ± 454.3 IU, and had produced a greater quantity of estradiol on the day ovulation was triggered (6529.8 ± 4324.8 ng/ml). The average number of punctured follicles and mature oocytes were higher in the phenotype D group. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurred mainly in phenotype D (3/35), with an estimated prevalence of 2.3%. The fertilization rate seemed lower in the hyperandrogenic phenotypes A, B, C compared to the group without hyperandrogenism without significant difference (p = 0.461). The biological pregnancy rate and live birth rate were comparable between the different groups. Conclusion: Phenotype D used less dose of gonadotropins. Biological pregnancy and live birth rates were comparable between the different phenotypes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62276032,32072016)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Automatic collecting of phenotypic information from plants has become a trend in breeding and smart agriculture.Targeting mature soybean plants at the harvesting stage,which are dense and overlapping,we have proposed the SPP-extractor(soybean plant phenotype extractor)algorithm to acquire phenotypic traits.First,to address the mutual occultation of pods,we augmented the standard YOLOv5s model for target detection with an additional attention mechanism.The resulting model could accurately identify pods and stems and could count the entire pod set of a plant in a single scan.Second,considering that mature branches are usually bent and covered with pods,we designed a branch recognition and measurement module combining image processing,target detection,semantic segmentation,and heuristic search.Experimental results on real plants showed that SPP-extractor achieved respective R^(2) scores of 0.93–0.99 for four phenotypic traits,based on regression on manual measurements.
基金Suzhou Youth Project of Promoting Health through Science and Education,Grant ID:KJXW2022010.
文摘Previous study revealed that ferritin heavy chain-1(FTH1)could regulate ferritinophagy and affect intracellular Fe^(+)content in various tumors,while its N6-methyladenosine(m6A)RNA methylation was closely related the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.However,little is known about the role of FTH1 m6A methylation in ovarian cancer(OC)and its possible action mechanisms.In this study we constructed FTH1 m6A methylation regulatory pathway(LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1/IGF2BP1)according to related bioinformatics analysis and research,through clinical sample detections we found that these pathway regulatory factors were significantly up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues,and their expression levels were closely related to the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer.In vitro cell experiments showed that LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could up-regulate FTH1 expression through IGF2BP1 axis,thus inhibited ferroptosis by regulating ferritinophagy,and finally promoted proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer cells.Tumor-bearing mice studies showed that the knock-down of LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could inhibited the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo condition.Our results demonstrated that LncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 could promote the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells through FTH1-IGF2BP1 regulated ferroptosis.
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients face an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality,mainly from cardiovascular diseases.Diabetes mellitus,arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia are highly prevalent in CKD patients.Established therapeutic protocols for the treatment of diabetes mellitus,arterial hypertension,and dyslipidemia are not as effective in CKD patients as in the general population.The role of non-traditional risk factors(RF)has gained interest in the last decades.These entail the deranged clinical spectrum of secondary hyperparathyroidism involving vascular and valvular calcification,under the term“CKDmineral and bone disorder”(CKD-MBD),uremia per se,inflammation and oxidative stress.Each one of these non-traditional RF have been addressed in various study designs,but the results do not exhibit any applied clinical benefit for CKD-patients.The“crusade”against cardiorenal morbidity and mortality in CKD-patients is in some instances,derailed.We propose a therapeutic paradigm advancing from isolated treatment targets,as practiced today,to precision medicine involving patient phenotypes with distinct underlying pathophysiology.In this regard we propose two steps,based on current stratification management of corona virus disease-19 and sepsis.First,select patients who are expected to have a high mortality,i.e.,a prognostic enrichment.Second,select patients who are likely to respond to a specific therapy,i.e.,a predictive enrichment.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271753)the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (S2021ZD02)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ZDRW202003-1)。
文摘Soybean yield has traditionally been increased through high planting density,but investigating plant height and petiole traits to select for compact architecture,lodging resistance,and high yield varieties is an underexplored option for further improving yield.We compared the relationships between yield-related traits,lodging resistance,and petioleassociated phenotypes in the short petiole germplasm M657 with three control accessions during 2017–2018 in four locations in the Huang–Huai region,China.The results showed that M657 exhibited stable and high tolerance to high planting density and resistance to lodging,especially at the highest density(8×105 plants ha–1).The regression analysis indicated that a shorter petiole length was significantly associated with increased lodging resistance.The yield analysis showed that M657 achieved higher yields under higher densities,especially in the northern part of the Huang–Huai region.Among the varieties,there were markedly different responses to intra-and inter-row spacing designs with respect to both lodging and yield that were related to location and density.Lodging was positively correlated with planting density,plant height,petiole length,and number of effective branches,but negatively correlated with stem diameter,seed number per plant,and seed weight per plant.The yield of soybean was increased by appropriately increasing the planting density on the basis of the current soybean varieties in the Huang–Huai region.This study provides a valuable new germplasm resource for the introgression of compact architecture traits that are amenable to providing a high yield in high density planting systems,and it establishes a high-yield model of soybean in the Huang–Huai region.
文摘BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent disease in the United States.It is a well-demonstrated cause of recurrent and long-standing liver and pancreatic injury which can lead to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC)and chronic pancreatitis(ACP).ALC and ACP are associated with significant healthcare utilization,cost burden,and mortality.The prevalence of coexistent disease(CD)ranges widely in the literature and the intersection between ALC and ACP is inconsistently charac-terized.As such,the clinical profile of coexistent ALC and ACP remains poorly understood.We hypothesized that patients with CD have a worse phenotype when compared to single organ disease.AIM To compare the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with CD from those with ALC or ACP Only.METHODS In this retrospective comparative analysis,we reviewed international classi-fication of disease 9/10 codes and electronic health records of adult patients with verified ALC Only(n=135),ACP Only(n=87),and CD(n=133)who received care at UPMC Presbyterian-Shadyside Hospital.ALC was defined by histology,imaging or clinical evidence of cirrhosis or hepatic decompensation.ACP was defined by imaging findings of pancreatic calcifications,moderate-severe pancreatic duct dilatation,irregularity or atrophy.We compared demographics,pertinent clinical variables,healthcare utilization,and mortality for patients with CD with those who had single organ disease.RESULTS Compared to CD or ACP Only,patients with ALC Only were more likely to be older,Caucasian,have higher body mass index,and Hepatitis B or C infection.CD patients(vs ALC Only)were less likely to have imaging evidence of cirrhosis and portal hypertension despite possessing similar MELD-Na and Child C scores at the most recent contact.CD patients(vs ACP Only)were less likely to have acute or recurrent acute pancreatitis,diabetes mellitus,insulin use,oral pancreatic enzyme therapy,and need for endoscopic therapy or pancreatic surgery.The number of hospitalizations in patients with CD were similar to ACP Only but significantly higher than ALC Only.The overall mortality in patients with CD was similar to ALC Only but trended to be higher than ACP Only(P=0.10).CONCLUSION CD does not have a worse phenotype compared with single organ disease.The dominant phenotype in CD is similar to ALC Only which should be the focus in longitudinal follow-up.
文摘Background: In disorders of sexual differentiation, sexual development may not conform to the chromosomal structure, thus forming different types of abnormalities. Among these abnormalities is syndrome 46, XX DSD where most patients are female phenotype with clitoral hypertrophy that can go to complete masculinization especially in the presence of the SRY gene. Objective: The goal of this work is to demonstrate a relationship between the genotype and the phenotype in five patients karyotype 46, XX with the presence of the SRY gene. Methodology: The study involves five patients referred to the laboratory under suspicion of sexual development anomalies. The diagnosis took place through hormonal and echography examinations, a classic cytogenetic study (Barr chromatin and karyotype) and an amplification of the SRY gene located on the Y chromosome. The resulting PCR products were sent for sequencing. Results: Based on the results of clinical and paraclinical tests carried out it was found clitoral hypertrophy, the presence of clitoris penis for some, presence of normal penis for others. In addition, echography revealed a lack of female internal genitalia (P2, P3), and a presence of testicles (P3, P4, P5). Genetic analysis (chromosomal and molecular) showed a karyotype 46, XX SRY (+) for all patients. New mutations were found c.246 T > A, p.82 Asn82Lys and c.171 G > C, p.57 Gln57His. Conclusion: In our study, we were able to correlate each DSD with karyotype 46, XX to a pathology such as 46, XX DSD testicular, 46, XX DSD with clitoral hypertrophy and ovotestis 46, XX. The next step will undoubtedly be the integration of other molecular techniques (genotyping, FISH, CGH or even the CGH array) to further genetic exploration.
文摘There is growing evidence that long-term central nervous system(CNS)inflammation exacerbates secondary deterioration of brain structures and functions and is one of the major determinants of disease outcome and progression.In acute CNS injury,brain microglia are among the first cells to respond and play a critical role in neural repair and regeneration.However,microglial activation can also impede CNS repair and amplify tissue damage,and phenotypic transformation may be responsible for this dual role.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-derived exosomes(Exos)are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of acute CNS injuries due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties.MSC-Exos are nanoscale membrane vesicles that are actively released by cells and are used clinically as circulating biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.MSC-Exos can be neuroprotective in several acute CNS models,including for stroke and traumatic brain injury,showing great clinical potential.This review summarized the classification of acute CNS injury disorders and discussed the prominent role of microglial activation in acute CNS inflammation and the specific role of MSC-Exos in regulating pro-inflammatory microglia in neuroinflammatory repair following acute CNS injury.Finally,this review explored the potential mechanisms and factors associated with MSCExos in modulating the phenotypic balance of microglia,focusing on the interplay between CNS inflammation,the brain,and injury aspects,with an emphasis on potential strategies and therapeutic interventions for improving functional recovery from early CNS inflammation caused by acute CNS injury.
文摘Differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach is classified into gastric or intestinal phenotypes based on mucus expression. Recent advances in mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry have highlighted the importance of such a distinction, and it is important clinically to distinguish between gastricand intestinal-type differentiated adenocarcinoma. However, a clinical and pathological diagnosis of this type is often difficult in early gastric cancer because of histological similarities between a hyperplastic epithelium and lowgrade atypia. Furthermore, determining tumor margins is often difficult, even with extensive preoperative examination. It is therefore critical to consider these diagnostic difficulties and different biological behaviors with high malignant potential when treating patients with gastric-type differentiated adenocarcinoma.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50875131)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to conduct non-destructive monitoring on wheat leaf in field and discuss the method to measure geometric phenotype of flag leaf through digital image processing in order to establish relationship between geometric pheno- type of flag leaf and N fertilizer regulation. [Method] Ningmai 13 was applied with N fertilizers in different amounts to discuss relationship among area, length, average width of flag leaf and applied N fertilizers using digital camera and digital image pro- cessing technique. [Result] Fertilizer is a main environmental factor influencing geo- metric phenotype of flag leaf, for example, area of flag leaf would enlarge four times and the length would increase from 15.87 to 25.33 cm by different N fertilizer amount. Thus, geometric phenotype of flag leaf would reflect N fertilizer amount at early stage. The highly accurate relationship between phenotype and N fertilizer is a reliable tech- nique to study on rules of wheat phenotype, N fertilizer and environmental factors. [Conclusion] The research indicated that digital image processing technique with scale label and dynamic background plates is an effective method to obtain geometric phenotype of sessile crops and crops with little leaf, providing a feasible scheme for non- destructive monitoring on growth dynamic of leaf＇s organs.
文摘Aim Following cerebral isehemia, microglia respond to the injury acting as the first defense of central nervous system. Activated microglia play a dual role in the ischemie injury depending on the phenotype of micro- gila, including deleterious M1 phenotype and neuroprotective M2 phenotype. However, microglia show transient M2 phenotype followed by a transition to M1 phenotype aggravating the ischemic injury. Many signal pathways par- ticipate in the modulation of microglial polarization , presenting potential therapeutic targets for selectively inducing the polarization of M2 microglia. In this review, we discuss M2 microglia phenotype mediated neuroprotective role and the signaling cascades controlling microglial phenotype after ischemic stroke.
基金Supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No.2009CDB063)
文摘Objective:Triple-negative breast cancer(estrogen receptor-negative,progesterone receptor-negative and Her2-negative) can be classified into two subtypes:basal and non-basal phenotype.And the basal phenotype is associated with poor outcome.The purpose of this study was to figure out the differences of clinicopathological characters and related factors of prognosis between these two subtypes.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the CK5/6,CK17 basal markers and EGFR on biopsy samples from 40 triple-negative patients and the clinicopathology features of these samples were investigated.Results:Seventy percent of the patients were diagnosed as the basal phenotype.Compared with the non-basal phenotype,the basal phenotype lesions were significantly larger in diameter with a high nuclear grade.In the node-negative group the basal phenotype clearly showed the same clinicopathological differences.There was statistically significant concordance among all three antibodies.Conclusion:Expression of basal markers identifies a biologically and clinically distinct subgroup of TN tumors,justifying the use of basal markers to define the basal or the non-basal phenotype.It is important to help the doctor deciding the therapeutic strategy for patient with triple-negative breast cancer.
基金Supported by"Study on Biological Effects of Mutagenesis of Seedsof Oil Crops,Purple Peanut and Sunflower(including Chili Pepper)Caused by Ion Implantation"supported by the Key Lab for Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education(0912)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to investigate inheritance of the mutagenic properties caused by ion implantation from F1 to F2 generation in chili pepper.[Method]Chili pepper seeds were implanted with different ion combinations at different doses,and the F1 generation seeds of five groups in which biological mutation occurred were selected to sow in the field.Then the main phenotype changes in F2 generation were observed,the biochemical changes caused by ion implantation were analyzed by determination of peroxidase isozyme.[Result]Seed implanted with 9×1011 P2＋/cm2 and 1×1012 Cu2＋/cm2（No.21）on its both sides could maintain the superiority in yield per plant to F2 generation,while the mutagenic effects of F1 generation in other groups were not inherited by the F2 generation.[Conclusion]The prominent biological characters induced in the seeds of group No.21 were relatively inherited,so the seeds were worth further breeding.
文摘Discovering genetic basis of diseases is an important goal and a challenging problem in bioinformatics research. Inspired by network-based global inference approach, Semi-global inference method is proposed to capture the complex associations between phenotypes and genes. The proposed method integrates phenotype similarities and protein-protein interactions, and it establishes the profile vectors of phenotypes and proteins. Then the relevance between each candidate gene and the target phenotype is evaluated. Candidate genes are then ranked according to relevance mark and genes that are potentially associated with target disease are identified based on this ranking. The model selects nodes in integrated phenotype-protein network for inference, by exploiting Phenotype Similarity Threshold (PST), which throws lights on selection of similar phenotypes for gene prediction problem. Different vector relevance metrics for computing the relevance marks of candidate genes are discussed. The performance of the model is evaluated on Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) data sets and experimental evaluation shows high performance of proposed Semi-global method outperforms existing global inference methods.
