BACKGROUND Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function;however,whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains unclear.Moreover,the differences in such ...BACKGROUND Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function;however,whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains unclear.Moreover,the differences in such functions between individuals with varicose veins and healthy individuals remain unclear.AIM To investigate changes in physical function and the quality of life(QOL)following nonsurgical treatment of patients with varicose veins and determine the changes in their muscle oxygenation during activity.METHODS We enrolled 37 participants(those with varicose veins,n=17;healthy individuals,n=20).We performed the following measurements pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment in the varicose vein patients and healthy individuals:Calf muscle oxygenation during the two-minute step test,open eyes one-leg stance,30 s sit-to-stand test,visual analog scale(VAS)for pain,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,physical activity assessment,and QOL assessment.RESULTS Varicose veins patients and healthy individuals differ in most variables(physical function,sleep quality,and QOL).Varicose veins patients showed significant differences between pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment—results in the 30 sit-to-stand test[14.41(2.45)to 16.35(4.11),P=0.018],two-minute step test[162.29(25.98)to 170.65(23.80),P=0.037],VAS for pain[5.35(1.90)to 3.88(1.73),P=0.004],and QOL[39.34(19.98)to 26.69(17.02),P=0.005];however,no significant difference was observed for muscle oxygenation.CONCLUSION Nonsurgical treatment improved lower extremity function and QOL in varicose veins patients,bringing their condition close to that of healthy individuals.Future studies should include patients with severe varicose veins requiring surgery to confirm our findings.展开更多
We enrolled 23 Japanese men (age: 76.0 ± 8.7) and 17 women (age: 78.3 ± 9.3) in this study. The physical function of even a person getting on a wheelchair could be tested in all subjects. Blood was collected...We enrolled 23 Japanese men (age: 76.0 ± 8.7) and 17 women (age: 78.3 ± 9.3) in this study. The physical function of even a person getting on a wheelchair could be tested in all subjects. Blood was collected by venipuncture and the serum 1, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (1, 25OHD) concentration was measured. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version (MoCA-J) was used for the cognitive function test. Physical function was measured objectively using the Timed UP and Go (TUG) and 4-m walking test (4MWS). A significant positive correlation was found between serum 1, 25OHD and MMSE or MoCA-J. It is expected that an elderly person can maintain a mean serum 1, 25OHD level of about 100 pg/mL for preventing early cognitive disorder. In the present study, a significant positive correlation was found between urinary 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD)/creatinine and MMSE or MoCA-J. Our results showed that urinary 25OHD might be a useful biomarker for predicting cognitive disorder. There was a significant negative correlation between serum 1, 25OHD and TUG or 4MWS. These findings suggest that serum 1, 25OHD levels might serve as a useful index to improve cognitive and physical functional impairment.展开更多
Objective: This study investigated the effects of cardiac rehabilitation exercise protocols on physical function (PF) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Study Design and Setting: This randomized controlled ...Objective: This study investigated the effects of cardiac rehabilitation exercise protocols on physical function (PF) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Study Design and Setting: This randomized controlled trial recruited 70 patients who are in stage II CHF with ejection fraction (≤40%) from a Nigerian university teaching hospital. They were randomly assigned into Exercise Group (EG: n = 35) or Control Group (CG: n = 35). Physical function, activity of daily living (ADL), distance walked in six minutes and grip strength were assessed using a validated ADL questionnaire, six minute walk test and a hand dynamometer respectively. In addition to medication, EG underwent aerobic and upper extremity resistance exercises thrice weekly for eight weeks while CG used medications only. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was at p p > 0.05). Significant improvements were noticed at fourth week among participants’ ADL (30.0% ± 6.0%), 6MWD (321.7 ± 26.3 m) and VO<sub>2</sub> max (8.9 ± 0.4 mL/kg/min) variables within the exercise EG but no significant changes were observed in the CG (p > 0.05). Participants in EG demonstrated more significant improvements in ADL (15.0% ± 5.0%), 6MWD (406.0 ± 29.7 m) and VO<sub>2</sub> max (10.3 ± 0.5 mL/kg/min) (p p > 0.05). Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation exercise protocols involving self-paced walking, sit-to-stand and upper extremity dynamic strength training improved activity of daily living, walking and functional capacity in patients with stable chronic heart failure.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pilates has been shown to be an effective interventi...<strong>Background:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pilates has been shown to be an effective intervention for adults with musculoskeletal conditions with only a few examples available in the li</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">terature for children. As musculoskeletal pain is a major symptom expe</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rienced by children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD), they may benefit from practicing Pilates to improve postural alignment, strength and motor control to effectively distribute movement load and decrease adverse load through involved joints. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study aims to evaluate the impact of a Physiotherapy-led Pilates intervention on school aged children with HSD and the benefits of this approach on pain, physical function and quality of life when delivered in a community-based model of care. A single-case experimental design (SCED) that incorporates a multiple baseline design will be used. Children with HSD, aged from 8 to 12 years, will commence concurrently in this study. Participants will undergo multiple assessments through all phases of the study which incorporates an A-B-A withdrawal design. The initial baseline period will be randomised from 5 to 7 weeks duration, then participants will enter the intervention period for 8 weeks followed by a withdrawal period of 5 weeks. The Physiotherapy-led Pilates intervention will consist of individual, 45 minute bi-weekly sessions, performed on both mat and the Pilates Reformer with an additional home program of mat exercises performed weekly. The study hypotheses are that children will show: 1) a decrease in pain;2) an increase in their physical function as measured by muscle strength, postural control, fatigue and physical activity levels;and 3) an improvement in their Health Related Quality of Life in the domains of physical, emotional, social and school functioning. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The findings will add specific responsiveness information to the scientific evidence for Physiotherapy-led Pilates for children with HSD.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:"">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:"">: Oral diadochokinesis (ODK) has been shown to be associated with oral frailty...<b><span style="font-family:"">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:"">: Oral diadochokinesis (ODK) has been shown to be associated with oral frailty. In this study, we investigate the relationship between physical function, swallowing function, nutritional evaluation, and each syllable of ODK. <b>Methods</b>: The subjects are 26 elderly people living in an area where <span>they can walk. ODK, tongue pressure, modified water swallowing test, EAT-10,</span> grip strength, MNA-SF, skeletal muscle index, height, weight, and BMI were evaluated. For statistical analysis based on ODK values, the subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of the number of times the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were repeated: 1) The first group with >6 repetitions exceeded six</span><span style="font-family:"">;</span><span style="font-family:""> 2) the second group with ≤5 repetitions. Both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (Model 1). In addition, the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were also divided among the groups and a comparison was performed (Model 2). <b>Results</b>: In Model 1, the tongue pressure value was significantly higher in the good group (p < 0.01). In Model 2, the good group showed significantly higher values for the syllables /pa/ (p < 0.01) and /ta/ (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the values for the syllable /ka/. <b>Conclusion</b>: In community-dwelling elderly people, tongue pressure was positively associated with ODK values for the syllables /pa/ and /ta/, suggesting that tongue pressure may be associated with strength of the lip and tongue tip muscles. Furthermore, it was suggested that the ODK values may even be lower than normal values in the elderly who maintain skeletal muscle mass and thus have adequate tongue pressure;therefore, these indicators may be used as a guideline to assess oral frailty.展开更多
IoT devices rely on authentication mechanisms to render secure message exchange.During data transmission,scalability,data integrity,and processing time have been considered challenging aspects for a system constituted...IoT devices rely on authentication mechanisms to render secure message exchange.During data transmission,scalability,data integrity,and processing time have been considered challenging aspects for a system constituted by IoT devices.The application of physical unclonable functions(PUFs)ensures secure data transmission among the internet of things(IoT)devices in a simplified network with an efficient time-stamped agreement.This paper proposes a secure,lightweight,cost-efficient reinforcement machine learning framework(SLCR-MLF)to achieve decentralization and security,thus enabling scalability,data integrity,and optimized processing time in IoT devices.PUF has been integrated into SLCR-MLF to improve the security of the cluster head node in the IoT platform during transmission by providing the authentication service for device-to-device communication.An IoT network gathers information of interest from multiple cluster members selected by the proposed framework.In addition,the software-defined secured(SDS)technique is integrated with SLCR-MLF to improve data integrity and optimize processing time in the IoT platform.Simulation analysis shows that the proposed framework outperforms conventional methods regarding the network’s lifetime,energy,secured data retrieval rate,and performance ratio.By enabling the proposed framework,number of residual nodes is reduced to 16%,energy consumption is reduced by up to 50%,almost 30%improvement in data retrieval rate,and network lifetime is improved by up to 1000 msec.展开更多
Results of analytical studies of the physical properties of the function and number of empirical macrohardness based on the standard experimental force diagram of kinetic macroindentation by a sphere.An analytical com...Results of analytical studies of the physical properties of the function and number of empirical macrohardness based on the standard experimental force diagram of kinetic macroindentation by a sphere.An analytical comparison method and a criterion for the similarity of the physical and empirical macrohardness of a material are proposed.The physical properties of the hardness measurement process using the Calvert-Johnson method are shown.The physical reasons for the size effect when measuring macrohardness are considered.The universal physical unit and standard of macrohardness of kinetic macroindentation by a sphere is substantiated.展开更多
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of bicycle and arm ergometer exercises on physical and psychosocial functions in patients who underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Methods: A total of 39 case...Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of bicycle and arm ergometer exercises on physical and psychosocial functions in patients who underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Methods: A total of 39 cases (35 males, 4 females) were included in the study, with 23 participants aged between 52 and 65 using bicycle ergometers and a group of 16 people who performed arm ergometers opposite. After the demographic data were recorded, physical functions of all individuals participating in the study were evaluated with a 6-minute walk test, bioimpedance analysis, HDL, LDL, Triglyceride and Total cholesterol values, and psychosocial functions were evaluated with the Beck depression scale, modified borg scale and SF 36 questionnaires before and after the training. All participants were given bicycle or arm ergometer exercises for 6 weeks, 5 sessions per week, for a total of 30 sessions. Result: When the results were examined, it was observed that there was a statistically significant increase in walking distance of the people in the bicycle ergometer group compared to the arm ergometer group (p < 0.05). In addition, it was revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the general health parameter, which is one of the sub-parameters of SF 36, in the arm ergometer group compared to the bicycle ergometer group (p Conclusion: When we look at the results of this study, it is important in terms of revealing that bicycle and arm ergometer exercises similarly improve the physical and psychosocial functions of patients who have undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. However, it has been shown that cycling exercises are much more advantageous in improving functional capacity. Summary Statement: What is already known about this topic? 1) Walking and arm exercises are good for heart diseases. What this paper adds? 2) Demonstrated that cycling and arm ergometer exercises have curative aspects for patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. The implications of this paper: 3) As a result, it has been revealed that cycling and arm ergometry techniques are good indicators in patients who have undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.展开更多
In the emerging Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),authentication problems have become an urgent issue for massive resource-constrained devices because traditional costly security mechanisms are not suitable for them...In the emerging Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),authentication problems have become an urgent issue for massive resource-constrained devices because traditional costly security mechanisms are not suitable for them.The security protocol designed for resource-constrained systems should not only be secure but also efficient in terms of usage of energy,storage,and processing.Although recently many lightweight schemes have been proposed,to the best of our knowledge,they are unable to address the problem of privacy preservation with the resistance of Denial of Service(DoS)attacks in a practical way.In this paper,we propose a lightweight authentication protocol based on the Physically Unclonable Function(PUF)to overcome the limitations of existing schemes.The protocol provides an ingenious authentication and synchronization mechanism to solve the contradictions amount forward secrecy,DoS attacks,and resource-constrained.The performance analysis and comparison show that the proposed scheme can better improve the authentication security and efficiency for resource-constrained systems in IIoT.展开更多
Background:Studies have revealed the protective effect of DL-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)against diseases associated with ischemic hypoxia.However,the role of NBP in animals with hypobaric hypoxia has not been elucidated.T...Background:Studies have revealed the protective effect of DL-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)against diseases associated with ischemic hypoxia.However,the role of NBP in animals with hypobaric hypoxia has not been elucidated.This study investigated the effects of NBP on rodents with acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia.Methods:Sprague-Dwaley rats and Kunming mice administered with NBP(0,60,120,and 240 mg/kg for rats and 0,90,180,and 360 mg/kg for mice)were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber at 10,000 m and the survival percentages at 30 min were determined.Then,the time and distance to exhaustion of drug-treated rodents were evaluated during treadmill running and motor-driven wheel-track treadmill experiments,conducted at 5800 m for 3 days or 20 days,to evaluate changes in physical functions.The frequency of active escapes and duration of active escapes were also determined for rats in a shuttle-box experiment,conducted at 5800 m for 6 days or 27 days,to evaluate changes in learning and memory function.ATP levels were measured in the gastrocnemius muscle and malonaldehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and lactate were detected in sera of rats,and routine blood tests were also performed.Results:Survival analysis at 10,000 m indicated NBP could improve hypoxia tolerance ability.The time and distance to exhaustion for mice(NBP,90 mg/kg)and time to exhaustion for rats(NBP,120 and 240 mg/kg)significantly increased under conditions of acute hypoxia compared with control group.NBP treatment also significantly increased the time to exhaustion for rats when exposed to chronic hypoxia.Moreover,240 mg/kg NBP significantly increased the frequency of active escapes under conditions of acute hypoxia.Furthermore,the levels of MDA and H_(2)O_(2) decreased but those of SOD and GSH-Px in the sera of rats increased under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia.Additionally,ATP levels in the gastrocnemius muscle significantly increased,while lactate levels in sera significantly decreased.Conclusion:NBP improved physical and learning and memory functions in rodents exposed to acute or chronic hypobaric hypoxia by increasing their anti-oxidative capacity and energy supply.展开更多
BACKGROUND Herein,we report the case of a 13-year-old boy with spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy(CP)at Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS)level II,en-gaging in a 6-wk video game-based therapy(VBT)progr...BACKGROUND Herein,we report the case of a 13-year-old boy with spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy(CP)at Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS)level II,en-gaging in a 6-wk video game-based therapy(VBT)program.This study aimed to offer essential insights regarding VBT’s impact on enhancing the physical function and improving the quality of life(QoL)of adolescents diagnosed with CP.This report provides a distinctive viewpoint that can inform and direct future clinical practices and research endeavors.CASE SUMMARY The boy presented with moderate mobility,balance,and overall well-being.He faced challenges with diminished lower limb strength,which affected his daily living and physical fitness capabilities.Our participant was diagnosed with spas-tic quadriplegic CP at GMFCS level II.He participated in a 6-wk program of VBT using a play station.This innovative approach incorporates warm-up exercises,interactive activities,and cool-down routines,targeting various movements,in-cluding single-leg stance,weight shifting,kicking,jumping,marching,and squatting.After VBT,the strength of the left hip extensor significantly increased from 199.3 N to 541.3 N.Distance covered as part of a 6-min walk test increased by 82 m.His Paediatric QoL Inventory score increased dramatically by 25.9%.CONCLUSION VBT is an innovative,individualized therapy that enhances physical function and QoL in CP,emphasizing its role in ambulatory patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases(SARDs)are a group of diseases with multiorgan involvement and a high prevalence of chronic pain and fatigue.Patients with SARDs and post-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID...BACKGROUND Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases(SARDs)are a group of diseases with multiorgan involvement and a high prevalence of chronic pain and fatigue.Patients with SARDs and post-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)syndrome experience aggravation of symptoms.In this context,it is essential to establish strategies to reduce chronic pain and fatigue and improve quality of life.AIM To assess the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)for the treatment of fatigue and pain-associated post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients with SARDs.METHODS This study included nine patients with different types of SARDs.All patients had reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)test confirmed COVID-19 as well as significant,persistent fatigue and pain that began to worsen after infection.Anodal tDCS was administered in five daily sessions(2mA,20 min).Concomitantly,patients were involved in aerobic exercise program.All participants were evaluated using specific questionnaires and strength assessment by handgrip and physical function by timed-up-and-go test and sit-to-stand test at baseline(within one week before tDCS protocol),and one week after tDCS protocol.During all procedures,the patients’treatments remained unchanged.RESULTS The sample comprised eight women and one man with a mean age of 48.7±9.6 years.After the tDCS protocol,pain and fatigue significantly improved on the visual analog scale(P<0.05).The physical function also improved 9.5±2.7 vs 6.8±0.8(P=0.001)for timed-up-go-test and 10.3±3.7 vs 15.1±4.0(P=0.037)for sit-to-stand test.None of the patients experienced any adverse events.CONCLUSION The present study showed that tDCS in combination with aerobic exercise was effective in improving physical function,and reducing fatigue/pain in SARDs patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.展开更多
With the exponential growth of intelligent Internet of Things(IoT)applications,Cloud-Edge(CE)paradigm is emerging as a solution that facilitates resource-efficient and timely services.However,it remains an underlying ...With the exponential growth of intelligent Internet of Things(IoT)applications,Cloud-Edge(CE)paradigm is emerging as a solution that facilitates resource-efficient and timely services.However,it remains an underlying issue that frequent end-edgecloud communication is over a public or adversarycontrolled channel.Additionally,with the presence of resource-constrained devices,it’s imperative to conduct the secure communication mechanism,while still guaranteeing efficiency.Physical unclonable functions(PUF)emerge as promising lightweight security primitives.Thus,we first construct a PUF-based security mechanism for vulnerable IoT devices.Further,a provably secure and PUF-based authentication key agreement scheme is proposed for establishing the secure channel in end-edge-cloud empowered IoT,without requiring pre-loaded master keys.The security of our scheme is rigorously proven through formal security analysis under the random oracle model,and security verification using AVISPA tool.The comprehensive security features are also elaborated.Moreover,the numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms existing related schemes in terms of computational and communication efficiency.展开更多
Background: Although current research supports the use of active video games(AVGs) in rehabilitation, the evidence has yet to be systematically reviewed or synthesized. The current project systematically reviewed lite...Background: Although current research supports the use of active video games(AVGs) in rehabilitation, the evidence has yet to be systematically reviewed or synthesized. The current project systematically reviewed literature, summarized findings, and evaluated the effectiveness of AVGs as a therapeutic tool in improving physical, psychological, and cognitive rehabilitative outcomes among older adults with chronic diseases.Methods: Seven databases(Academic Search Complete, Communication & Mass Media Complete, ERIC, Psyc INFO, Pub Med, SPORTDiscus,and Medline) were searched for studies that evaluated the effectiveness of AVG-based rehabilitation among older patients. The initial search yielded 946 articles; after evaluating against inclusion criteria and removing duplicates, 19 studies of AVG-based rehabilitation remained.Results: Most studies were quasi-experimental in design, with physical functioning the primary outcome investigated with regard to the use of AVGs in rehabilitation. Overall, 9 studies found significant improvements for all study outcomes, whereas 9 studies were mixed, with significant improvements on several study outcomes but no effects observed on other outcomes after AVG-based treatments. One study failed to find any benefits of AVG-based rehabilitation.Conclusion: Findings indicate AVGs have potential in rehabilitation for older patients, with several randomized clinical trials reporting positive effects on rehabilitative outcomes. However, existing evidence is insufficient to support the advantages of AVGs over standard therapy. Given the limited number of studies and concerns with study design quality, more research is warranted to make more definitive conclusions regarding the ability of AVGs to improve rehabilitative outcomes in older patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Evidence for exercise as an efficacious strategy to improve aerobic capacity of breast cancer survivors(BCS)has come largely from intervention studies conducted in laboratory settings.There is an increasing...BACKGROUND Evidence for exercise as an efficacious strategy to improve aerobic capacity of breast cancer survivors(BCS)has come largely from intervention studies conducted in laboratory settings.There is an increasing need to translate to community-type settings,but the efficacy of those interventions using gold standard evaluation is not well-established.AIM To investigate whether similar improvement in aerobic capacity(maximal oxygen consumption[VO2])measured with gold standard testing can be achieved through a community-based setting in BCS.METHODS A peak cardiopulmonary exercise test(VO2peak),6-min walk test(6MWT),and timed up and go test(TUG)were assessed pre-and post-16 wk of progressive intensity aerobic and strength training exercise at a community center.RESULTS The sample consisted of 31 early BCS(<1 year since treatment completion)and 15 controls(CTLs).Both groups significantly improved VO2peak(+1.2 mL/kg/min;P=0.030),6MWT(+35 meters;P<0.001),and TUG(-0.44 s;P<0.01)following training.Both groups improved peak cycling power during the cardiopulmonary exercise test with BCS improving by+10 watts more than the CTLs(P=0.020).Average exercise attendance was 71%(34 of 48 possible days),but compliant days averaged only 60%of total days for aerobic,and<40%for strength in both groups.CONCLUSION Community-based exercise programs can be an effective strategy to improve aerobic capacity and physical function for early-stage BCS but potentially not to the same extent observed in laboratory-based randomized controlled trials.Further research is needed to explore barriers and facilitators of exercise engagement in community-based centers to maximize training benefits for adults with cancer.展开更多
Aim:This study aims to describe health-related quality of life(HRQL),identify factors associated with HRQL physical and mental health domains,and explore the association between perceived social supports and HRQL amon...Aim:This study aims to describe health-related quality of life(HRQL),identify factors associated with HRQL physical and mental health domains,and explore the association between perceived social supports and HRQL among cancer palliative patients in Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional study is applied.The validated European Organization for Cancer Research and Treatment,the EORTC QLQ-15 palliative care scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS)have been used.A convenience sample of(N=301)palliative cancer patients was collected from two main regional cancer centers in Riyadh.Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results:Results indicate that overall quality of life showed a significant positive correlation with perceived family and friend support,sub-factors of perceived social support.Regression analysis showed that the overall model experienced 69.0%of the variance for global health statutes with F(4,7)=7.149 P<0.001.Physical functioning,emotional functioning,and family support were found to be significant predictors of global health status.Family and Friend support were found to be significant positive predictors of emotional functioning.Conclusions:The inpatient and outpatient treatment can vary at different stages and in different areas,family and friend support has been highlighted as necessary in this context.Physical and emotional factors have been demonstrated in older age(geriatric)patients as they may have debilitating diseases that can limit their functioning hence support the case for more palliative care.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an individualized remote exercise program on the improvement of body composition and physical fitness of a heterogeneous group of patients who completed breast cancer treat...This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an individualized remote exercise program on the improvement of body composition and physical fitness of a heterogeneous group of patients who completed breast cancer treatment.This prospective study included 107 women aged 18 to 60,shortly after curative treatment for localized breast cancer,at the Erasto Gaertner Cancer Hospital(HEG)in Curitiba,PR,Brazil.Body composition,maximal oxygen consumption,and muscle resistance were evaluated after nine months of intervention while considering adherence to the program,level of physical activity,presence of binge eating disorder,tumor classification,and treatment type.Seventy-eight women(72.8%)adhered to the training program.Adherent participants showed significant changes in body mass([-4.3±3.6]kg;p<0.0001),body mass index([-1.6±1.5]kg·m^(−2);p<0.0001),body fat(−3.4%±3.1%;p<0.0001),maximal oxygen consumption([7.5±2.0]ml·kg^(−1)·min^(−1));p<0.0001),and abdominal resistance([11.2±2.8]reps;p<0.0001).In contrast,these variables did not change significantly in the non-adherent group.Among the adherent participants,those subclassified in the severe binge group showed a more noticeable reduction in body mass,body mass index,and body fat(p<0.05)than those in the non-binge group.Individualized remotely-guided physical exercise programs can improve the body composition and physical fitness of women undergoing post-breast cancer surveillance,regardless of pathological history or treatment.展开更多
Physically unclonable crypto primitives have potential applications for anti-counterfeiting,identification,and authentication,which are clone proof and resistant to variously physical attack.Conventional physical uncl...Physically unclonable crypto primitives have potential applications for anti-counterfeiting,identification,and authentication,which are clone proof and resistant to variously physical attack.Conventional physical unclonable function(PUF)based on Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technologies greatly suffers from entropy loss and bit instability due to noise sensitivity.Here we grow atomically thick MoS2 thin film and fabricate field-effect transistors(FETs).The inherently physical randomness of MoS2 transistors from materials growth and device fabrication process makes it appropriate for the application of PUF device.We perform electrical characterizations of MoS2 FETs,collect the data from 448 devices,and generate PUF keys by splitting drain current at specific levels to evaluate the response performance.Proper selection of splitting threshold enables to generate binary,ternary,and double binary keys.The generated PUF keys exhibit good randomness and uniqueness,providing a possibility for harvesting highly secured PUF devices with two-dimensional materials.展开更多
Physical Unclonable Functions(PUFs)can be seen as kind of hardware one-way functions,who are easily fabricated but difficult to clone,duplicate or predict.Therefore,PUFs with unclonable and unpredictable properties ar...Physical Unclonable Functions(PUFs)can be seen as kind of hardware one-way functions,who are easily fabricated but difficult to clone,duplicate or predict.Therefore,PUFs with unclonable and unpredictable properties are welcome to be applied in designing lightweight cryptography protocols.In this paper,a Basic Key Distribution Scheme(Basic-KDS)based on PUFs is firstly proposed.Then,by employing different deployment modes,a Random Deployment Key Distribution Scheme(RD-KDS)and a Grouping Deployment Key Distribution Scheme(GD-KDS)are further proposed based on the Basic-KDS for large scale wireless sensor networks.In our proposals,a sensor is not pre-distributed with any keys but will generate one by the embedded PUF when receiving a challenge from the gateway,which provides perfect resilience against sensor capture attacks.Besides,the unclonable and unpredictable properties of PUF guarantee the key uniqueness and two-way authentication.Analysis and experiment results show that our proposals have better performances in improving the resilience,secure-connectivity,and efficiency as compared to other schemes.展开更多
By analyzing the principle of process variations, a lightweight Physical Unclonable Function(PUF) circuit based on selectable cross-coupled inverters is proposed in this paper. Firstly, selectable cross-coupled invert...By analyzing the principle of process variations, a lightweight Physical Unclonable Function(PUF) circuit based on selectable cross-coupled inverters is proposed in this paper. Firstly, selectable cross-coupled inverters are chosen for two delay paths. Simultaneously, the circuit takes challenge signal to control each delay path. The PUF cell circuit is implemented in Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation(SMIC) 65 nm CMOS technology and the layout area is 2.94 mm × 1.68 mm. Then the 64-bit PUF circuit is achieved with the cascade connection of cell circuits. The simulation results show that the randomness is 49.4% and the reliability is 96.5%. Compared to the other works, this PUF circuit improves the encrypt performance and greatly reduces the area.展开更多
基金Supported by Biomedical Research Institute,Pusan National University Hospital,202200420001.
文摘BACKGROUND Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function;however,whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains unclear.Moreover,the differences in such functions between individuals with varicose veins and healthy individuals remain unclear.AIM To investigate changes in physical function and the quality of life(QOL)following nonsurgical treatment of patients with varicose veins and determine the changes in their muscle oxygenation during activity.METHODS We enrolled 37 participants(those with varicose veins,n=17;healthy individuals,n=20).We performed the following measurements pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment in the varicose vein patients and healthy individuals:Calf muscle oxygenation during the two-minute step test,open eyes one-leg stance,30 s sit-to-stand test,visual analog scale(VAS)for pain,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,physical activity assessment,and QOL assessment.RESULTS Varicose veins patients and healthy individuals differ in most variables(physical function,sleep quality,and QOL).Varicose veins patients showed significant differences between pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment—results in the 30 sit-to-stand test[14.41(2.45)to 16.35(4.11),P=0.018],two-minute step test[162.29(25.98)to 170.65(23.80),P=0.037],VAS for pain[5.35(1.90)to 3.88(1.73),P=0.004],and QOL[39.34(19.98)to 26.69(17.02),P=0.005];however,no significant difference was observed for muscle oxygenation.CONCLUSION Nonsurgical treatment improved lower extremity function and QOL in varicose veins patients,bringing their condition close to that of healthy individuals.Future studies should include patients with severe varicose veins requiring surgery to confirm our findings.
文摘We enrolled 23 Japanese men (age: 76.0 ± 8.7) and 17 women (age: 78.3 ± 9.3) in this study. The physical function of even a person getting on a wheelchair could be tested in all subjects. Blood was collected by venipuncture and the serum 1, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (1, 25OHD) concentration was measured. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version (MoCA-J) was used for the cognitive function test. Physical function was measured objectively using the Timed UP and Go (TUG) and 4-m walking test (4MWS). A significant positive correlation was found between serum 1, 25OHD and MMSE or MoCA-J. It is expected that an elderly person can maintain a mean serum 1, 25OHD level of about 100 pg/mL for preventing early cognitive disorder. In the present study, a significant positive correlation was found between urinary 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD)/creatinine and MMSE or MoCA-J. Our results showed that urinary 25OHD might be a useful biomarker for predicting cognitive disorder. There was a significant negative correlation between serum 1, 25OHD and TUG or 4MWS. These findings suggest that serum 1, 25OHD levels might serve as a useful index to improve cognitive and physical functional impairment.
文摘Objective: This study investigated the effects of cardiac rehabilitation exercise protocols on physical function (PF) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Study Design and Setting: This randomized controlled trial recruited 70 patients who are in stage II CHF with ejection fraction (≤40%) from a Nigerian university teaching hospital. They were randomly assigned into Exercise Group (EG: n = 35) or Control Group (CG: n = 35). Physical function, activity of daily living (ADL), distance walked in six minutes and grip strength were assessed using a validated ADL questionnaire, six minute walk test and a hand dynamometer respectively. In addition to medication, EG underwent aerobic and upper extremity resistance exercises thrice weekly for eight weeks while CG used medications only. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was at p p > 0.05). Significant improvements were noticed at fourth week among participants’ ADL (30.0% ± 6.0%), 6MWD (321.7 ± 26.3 m) and VO<sub>2</sub> max (8.9 ± 0.4 mL/kg/min) variables within the exercise EG but no significant changes were observed in the CG (p > 0.05). Participants in EG demonstrated more significant improvements in ADL (15.0% ± 5.0%), 6MWD (406.0 ± 29.7 m) and VO<sub>2</sub> max (10.3 ± 0.5 mL/kg/min) (p p > 0.05). Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation exercise protocols involving self-paced walking, sit-to-stand and upper extremity dynamic strength training improved activity of daily living, walking and functional capacity in patients with stable chronic heart failure.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pilates has been shown to be an effective intervention for adults with musculoskeletal conditions with only a few examples available in the li</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">terature for children. As musculoskeletal pain is a major symptom expe</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rienced by children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD), they may benefit from practicing Pilates to improve postural alignment, strength and motor control to effectively distribute movement load and decrease adverse load through involved joints. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study aims to evaluate the impact of a Physiotherapy-led Pilates intervention on school aged children with HSD and the benefits of this approach on pain, physical function and quality of life when delivered in a community-based model of care. A single-case experimental design (SCED) that incorporates a multiple baseline design will be used. Children with HSD, aged from 8 to 12 years, will commence concurrently in this study. Participants will undergo multiple assessments through all phases of the study which incorporates an A-B-A withdrawal design. The initial baseline period will be randomised from 5 to 7 weeks duration, then participants will enter the intervention period for 8 weeks followed by a withdrawal period of 5 weeks. The Physiotherapy-led Pilates intervention will consist of individual, 45 minute bi-weekly sessions, performed on both mat and the Pilates Reformer with an additional home program of mat exercises performed weekly. The study hypotheses are that children will show: 1) a decrease in pain;2) an increase in their physical function as measured by muscle strength, postural control, fatigue and physical activity levels;and 3) an improvement in their Health Related Quality of Life in the domains of physical, emotional, social and school functioning. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The findings will add specific responsiveness information to the scientific evidence for Physiotherapy-led Pilates for children with HSD.</span></span></span></span>
文摘<b><span style="font-family:"">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:"">: Oral diadochokinesis (ODK) has been shown to be associated with oral frailty. In this study, we investigate the relationship between physical function, swallowing function, nutritional evaluation, and each syllable of ODK. <b>Methods</b>: The subjects are 26 elderly people living in an area where <span>they can walk. ODK, tongue pressure, modified water swallowing test, EAT-10,</span> grip strength, MNA-SF, skeletal muscle index, height, weight, and BMI were evaluated. For statistical analysis based on ODK values, the subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of the number of times the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were repeated: 1) The first group with >6 repetitions exceeded six</span><span style="font-family:"">;</span><span style="font-family:""> 2) the second group with ≤5 repetitions. Both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (Model 1). In addition, the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ were also divided among the groups and a comparison was performed (Model 2). <b>Results</b>: In Model 1, the tongue pressure value was significantly higher in the good group (p < 0.01). In Model 2, the good group showed significantly higher values for the syllables /pa/ (p < 0.01) and /ta/ (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the values for the syllable /ka/. <b>Conclusion</b>: In community-dwelling elderly people, tongue pressure was positively associated with ODK values for the syllables /pa/ and /ta/, suggesting that tongue pressure may be associated with strength of the lip and tongue tip muscles. Furthermore, it was suggested that the ODK values may even be lower than normal values in the elderly who maintain skeletal muscle mass and thus have adequate tongue pressure;therefore, these indicators may be used as a guideline to assess oral frailty.
文摘IoT devices rely on authentication mechanisms to render secure message exchange.During data transmission,scalability,data integrity,and processing time have been considered challenging aspects for a system constituted by IoT devices.The application of physical unclonable functions(PUFs)ensures secure data transmission among the internet of things(IoT)devices in a simplified network with an efficient time-stamped agreement.This paper proposes a secure,lightweight,cost-efficient reinforcement machine learning framework(SLCR-MLF)to achieve decentralization and security,thus enabling scalability,data integrity,and optimized processing time in IoT devices.PUF has been integrated into SLCR-MLF to improve the security of the cluster head node in the IoT platform during transmission by providing the authentication service for device-to-device communication.An IoT network gathers information of interest from multiple cluster members selected by the proposed framework.In addition,the software-defined secured(SDS)technique is integrated with SLCR-MLF to improve data integrity and optimize processing time in the IoT platform.Simulation analysis shows that the proposed framework outperforms conventional methods regarding the network’s lifetime,energy,secured data retrieval rate,and performance ratio.By enabling the proposed framework,number of residual nodes is reduced to 16%,energy consumption is reduced by up to 50%,almost 30%improvement in data retrieval rate,and network lifetime is improved by up to 1000 msec.
文摘Results of analytical studies of the physical properties of the function and number of empirical macrohardness based on the standard experimental force diagram of kinetic macroindentation by a sphere.An analytical comparison method and a criterion for the similarity of the physical and empirical macrohardness of a material are proposed.The physical properties of the hardness measurement process using the Calvert-Johnson method are shown.The physical reasons for the size effect when measuring macrohardness are considered.The universal physical unit and standard of macrohardness of kinetic macroindentation by a sphere is substantiated.
文摘Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of bicycle and arm ergometer exercises on physical and psychosocial functions in patients who underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Methods: A total of 39 cases (35 males, 4 females) were included in the study, with 23 participants aged between 52 and 65 using bicycle ergometers and a group of 16 people who performed arm ergometers opposite. After the demographic data were recorded, physical functions of all individuals participating in the study were evaluated with a 6-minute walk test, bioimpedance analysis, HDL, LDL, Triglyceride and Total cholesterol values, and psychosocial functions were evaluated with the Beck depression scale, modified borg scale and SF 36 questionnaires before and after the training. All participants were given bicycle or arm ergometer exercises for 6 weeks, 5 sessions per week, for a total of 30 sessions. Result: When the results were examined, it was observed that there was a statistically significant increase in walking distance of the people in the bicycle ergometer group compared to the arm ergometer group (p < 0.05). In addition, it was revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the general health parameter, which is one of the sub-parameters of SF 36, in the arm ergometer group compared to the bicycle ergometer group (p Conclusion: When we look at the results of this study, it is important in terms of revealing that bicycle and arm ergometer exercises similarly improve the physical and psychosocial functions of patients who have undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. However, it has been shown that cycling exercises are much more advantageous in improving functional capacity. Summary Statement: What is already known about this topic? 1) Walking and arm exercises are good for heart diseases. What this paper adds? 2) Demonstrated that cycling and arm ergometer exercises have curative aspects for patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. The implications of this paper: 3) As a result, it has been revealed that cycling and arm ergometry techniques are good indicators in patients who have undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.
基金This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Nos.2020M681959 and 2020TQ0291in part by the national key R&D project under Grant No.2018YFB2100401in part by the National Key Research and Development Project No.2018YFB2100400.
文摘In the emerging Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),authentication problems have become an urgent issue for massive resource-constrained devices because traditional costly security mechanisms are not suitable for them.The security protocol designed for resource-constrained systems should not only be secure but also efficient in terms of usage of energy,storage,and processing.Although recently many lightweight schemes have been proposed,to the best of our knowledge,they are unable to address the problem of privacy preservation with the resistance of Denial of Service(DoS)attacks in a practical way.In this paper,we propose a lightweight authentication protocol based on the Physically Unclonable Function(PUF)to overcome the limitations of existing schemes.The protocol provides an ingenious authentication and synchronization mechanism to solve the contradictions amount forward secrecy,DoS attacks,and resource-constrained.The performance analysis and comparison show that the proposed scheme can better improve the authentication security and efficiency for resource-constrained systems in IIoT.
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project(2014ZX09J14102-05B and 2018ZX09J18109)。
文摘Background:Studies have revealed the protective effect of DL-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)against diseases associated with ischemic hypoxia.However,the role of NBP in animals with hypobaric hypoxia has not been elucidated.This study investigated the effects of NBP on rodents with acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia.Methods:Sprague-Dwaley rats and Kunming mice administered with NBP(0,60,120,and 240 mg/kg for rats and 0,90,180,and 360 mg/kg for mice)were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber at 10,000 m and the survival percentages at 30 min were determined.Then,the time and distance to exhaustion of drug-treated rodents were evaluated during treadmill running and motor-driven wheel-track treadmill experiments,conducted at 5800 m for 3 days or 20 days,to evaluate changes in physical functions.The frequency of active escapes and duration of active escapes were also determined for rats in a shuttle-box experiment,conducted at 5800 m for 6 days or 27 days,to evaluate changes in learning and memory function.ATP levels were measured in the gastrocnemius muscle and malonaldehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and lactate were detected in sera of rats,and routine blood tests were also performed.Results:Survival analysis at 10,000 m indicated NBP could improve hypoxia tolerance ability.The time and distance to exhaustion for mice(NBP,90 mg/kg)and time to exhaustion for rats(NBP,120 and 240 mg/kg)significantly increased under conditions of acute hypoxia compared with control group.NBP treatment also significantly increased the time to exhaustion for rats when exposed to chronic hypoxia.Moreover,240 mg/kg NBP significantly increased the frequency of active escapes under conditions of acute hypoxia.Furthermore,the levels of MDA and H_(2)O_(2) decreased but those of SOD and GSH-Px in the sera of rats increased under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia.Additionally,ATP levels in the gastrocnemius muscle significantly increased,while lactate levels in sera significantly decreased.Conclusion:NBP improved physical and learning and memory functions in rodents exposed to acute or chronic hypobaric hypoxia by increasing their anti-oxidative capacity and energy supply.
基金the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia,No.FRGS/1/2021/SKK06/UKM/03/2.
文摘BACKGROUND Herein,we report the case of a 13-year-old boy with spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy(CP)at Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS)level II,en-gaging in a 6-wk video game-based therapy(VBT)program.This study aimed to offer essential insights regarding VBT’s impact on enhancing the physical function and improving the quality of life(QoL)of adolescents diagnosed with CP.This report provides a distinctive viewpoint that can inform and direct future clinical practices and research endeavors.CASE SUMMARY The boy presented with moderate mobility,balance,and overall well-being.He faced challenges with diminished lower limb strength,which affected his daily living and physical fitness capabilities.Our participant was diagnosed with spas-tic quadriplegic CP at GMFCS level II.He participated in a 6-wk program of VBT using a play station.This innovative approach incorporates warm-up exercises,interactive activities,and cool-down routines,targeting various movements,in-cluding single-leg stance,weight shifting,kicking,jumping,marching,and squatting.After VBT,the strength of the left hip extensor significantly increased from 199.3 N to 541.3 N.Distance covered as part of a 6-min walk test increased by 82 m.His Paediatric QoL Inventory score increased dramatically by 25.9%.CONCLUSION VBT is an innovative,individualized therapy that enhances physical function and QoL in CP,emphasizing its role in ambulatory patients.
基金Supported by Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP)#2020/10691-4 to AMS,#2019/11776-6 to SKS,#2019/12155-5 to RGM,#2019/11367-9 to IBPBConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)#303379/2018-9 to SKSFaculdade de Medicina da USP to SKS.
文摘BACKGROUND Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases(SARDs)are a group of diseases with multiorgan involvement and a high prevalence of chronic pain and fatigue.Patients with SARDs and post-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)syndrome experience aggravation of symptoms.In this context,it is essential to establish strategies to reduce chronic pain and fatigue and improve quality of life.AIM To assess the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)for the treatment of fatigue and pain-associated post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients with SARDs.METHODS This study included nine patients with different types of SARDs.All patients had reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)test confirmed COVID-19 as well as significant,persistent fatigue and pain that began to worsen after infection.Anodal tDCS was administered in five daily sessions(2mA,20 min).Concomitantly,patients were involved in aerobic exercise program.All participants were evaluated using specific questionnaires and strength assessment by handgrip and physical function by timed-up-and-go test and sit-to-stand test at baseline(within one week before tDCS protocol),and one week after tDCS protocol.During all procedures,the patients’treatments remained unchanged.RESULTS The sample comprised eight women and one man with a mean age of 48.7±9.6 years.After the tDCS protocol,pain and fatigue significantly improved on the visual analog scale(P<0.05).The physical function also improved 9.5±2.7 vs 6.8±0.8(P=0.001)for timed-up-go-test and 10.3±3.7 vs 15.1±4.0(P=0.037)for sit-to-stand test.None of the patients experienced any adverse events.CONCLUSION The present study showed that tDCS in combination with aerobic exercise was effective in improving physical function,and reducing fatigue/pain in SARDs patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,“Joint Research of IoT Security System and Key Technologies Based on Quantum Key,”under project number 2020YFE0200600.
文摘With the exponential growth of intelligent Internet of Things(IoT)applications,Cloud-Edge(CE)paradigm is emerging as a solution that facilitates resource-efficient and timely services.However,it remains an underlying issue that frequent end-edgecloud communication is over a public or adversarycontrolled channel.Additionally,with the presence of resource-constrained devices,it’s imperative to conduct the secure communication mechanism,while still guaranteeing efficiency.Physical unclonable functions(PUF)emerge as promising lightweight security primitives.Thus,we first construct a PUF-based security mechanism for vulnerable IoT devices.Further,a provably secure and PUF-based authentication key agreement scheme is proposed for establishing the secure channel in end-edge-cloud empowered IoT,without requiring pre-loaded master keys.The security of our scheme is rigorously proven through formal security analysis under the random oracle model,and security verification using AVISPA tool.The comprehensive security features are also elaborated.Moreover,the numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms existing related schemes in terms of computational and communication efficiency.
文摘Background: Although current research supports the use of active video games(AVGs) in rehabilitation, the evidence has yet to be systematically reviewed or synthesized. The current project systematically reviewed literature, summarized findings, and evaluated the effectiveness of AVGs as a therapeutic tool in improving physical, psychological, and cognitive rehabilitative outcomes among older adults with chronic diseases.Methods: Seven databases(Academic Search Complete, Communication & Mass Media Complete, ERIC, Psyc INFO, Pub Med, SPORTDiscus,and Medline) were searched for studies that evaluated the effectiveness of AVG-based rehabilitation among older patients. The initial search yielded 946 articles; after evaluating against inclusion criteria and removing duplicates, 19 studies of AVG-based rehabilitation remained.Results: Most studies were quasi-experimental in design, with physical functioning the primary outcome investigated with regard to the use of AVGs in rehabilitation. Overall, 9 studies found significant improvements for all study outcomes, whereas 9 studies were mixed, with significant improvements on several study outcomes but no effects observed on other outcomes after AVG-based treatments. One study failed to find any benefits of AVG-based rehabilitation.Conclusion: Findings indicate AVGs have potential in rehabilitation for older patients, with several randomized clinical trials reporting positive effects on rehabilitative outcomes. However, existing evidence is insufficient to support the advantages of AVGs over standard therapy. Given the limited number of studies and concerns with study design quality, more research is warranted to make more definitive conclusions regarding the ability of AVGs to improve rehabilitative outcomes in older patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Evidence for exercise as an efficacious strategy to improve aerobic capacity of breast cancer survivors(BCS)has come largely from intervention studies conducted in laboratory settings.There is an increasing need to translate to community-type settings,but the efficacy of those interventions using gold standard evaluation is not well-established.AIM To investigate whether similar improvement in aerobic capacity(maximal oxygen consumption[VO2])measured with gold standard testing can be achieved through a community-based setting in BCS.METHODS A peak cardiopulmonary exercise test(VO2peak),6-min walk test(6MWT),and timed up and go test(TUG)were assessed pre-and post-16 wk of progressive intensity aerobic and strength training exercise at a community center.RESULTS The sample consisted of 31 early BCS(<1 year since treatment completion)and 15 controls(CTLs).Both groups significantly improved VO2peak(+1.2 mL/kg/min;P=0.030),6MWT(+35 meters;P<0.001),and TUG(-0.44 s;P<0.01)following training.Both groups improved peak cycling power during the cardiopulmonary exercise test with BCS improving by+10 watts more than the CTLs(P=0.020).Average exercise attendance was 71%(34 of 48 possible days),but compliant days averaged only 60%of total days for aerobic,and<40%for strength in both groups.CONCLUSION Community-based exercise programs can be an effective strategy to improve aerobic capacity and physical function for early-stage BCS but potentially not to the same extent observed in laboratory-based randomized controlled trials.Further research is needed to explore barriers and facilitators of exercise engagement in community-based centers to maximize training benefits for adults with cancer.
基金The authors are grateful to all the patients who participated in this study.The authors would like to thank the two main cancer centers directors to facilitate data collection during this researchFinancial support and sponsorship This research receive grant from Research center at King Fahd Medical City,Riyadh.
文摘Aim:This study aims to describe health-related quality of life(HRQL),identify factors associated with HRQL physical and mental health domains,and explore the association between perceived social supports and HRQL among cancer palliative patients in Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional study is applied.The validated European Organization for Cancer Research and Treatment,the EORTC QLQ-15 palliative care scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS)have been used.A convenience sample of(N=301)palliative cancer patients was collected from two main regional cancer centers in Riyadh.Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results:Results indicate that overall quality of life showed a significant positive correlation with perceived family and friend support,sub-factors of perceived social support.Regression analysis showed that the overall model experienced 69.0%of the variance for global health statutes with F(4,7)=7.149 P<0.001.Physical functioning,emotional functioning,and family support were found to be significant predictors of global health status.Family and Friend support were found to be significant positive predictors of emotional functioning.Conclusions:The inpatient and outpatient treatment can vary at different stages and in different areas,family and friend support has been highlighted as necessary in this context.Physical and emotional factors have been demonstrated in older age(geriatric)patients as they may have debilitating diseases that can limit their functioning hence support the case for more palliative care.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an individualized remote exercise program on the improvement of body composition and physical fitness of a heterogeneous group of patients who completed breast cancer treatment.This prospective study included 107 women aged 18 to 60,shortly after curative treatment for localized breast cancer,at the Erasto Gaertner Cancer Hospital(HEG)in Curitiba,PR,Brazil.Body composition,maximal oxygen consumption,and muscle resistance were evaluated after nine months of intervention while considering adherence to the program,level of physical activity,presence of binge eating disorder,tumor classification,and treatment type.Seventy-eight women(72.8%)adhered to the training program.Adherent participants showed significant changes in body mass([-4.3±3.6]kg;p<0.0001),body mass index([-1.6±1.5]kg·m^(−2);p<0.0001),body fat(−3.4%±3.1%;p<0.0001),maximal oxygen consumption([7.5±2.0]ml·kg^(−1)·min^(−1));p<0.0001),and abdominal resistance([11.2±2.8]reps;p<0.0001).In contrast,these variables did not change significantly in the non-adherent group.Among the adherent participants,those subclassified in the severe binge group showed a more noticeable reduction in body mass,body mass index,and body fat(p<0.05)than those in the non-binge group.Individualized remotely-guided physical exercise programs can improve the body composition and physical fitness of women undergoing post-breast cancer surveillance,regardless of pathological history or treatment.
基金Research Grant Council of Hong Kong(PolyU 152016/17E)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(G-SB79)J.-H.A.acknowledges the support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2015R1A3A2066337).
文摘Physically unclonable crypto primitives have potential applications for anti-counterfeiting,identification,and authentication,which are clone proof and resistant to variously physical attack.Conventional physical unclonable function(PUF)based on Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technologies greatly suffers from entropy loss and bit instability due to noise sensitivity.Here we grow atomically thick MoS2 thin film and fabricate field-effect transistors(FETs).The inherently physical randomness of MoS2 transistors from materials growth and device fabrication process makes it appropriate for the application of PUF device.We perform electrical characterizations of MoS2 FETs,collect the data from 448 devices,and generate PUF keys by splitting drain current at specific levels to evaluate the response performance.Proper selection of splitting threshold enables to generate binary,ternary,and double binary keys.The generated PUF keys exhibit good randomness and uniqueness,providing a possibility for harvesting highly secured PUF devices with two-dimensional materials.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(under grant 61902163)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(under grant 17KJD520003,19KJB520033)the Research Startup Foundation of Jinling Institute of Technology(under grant JIT-B-201639,JIT-B-201726,JIT-B-202001).
文摘Physical Unclonable Functions(PUFs)can be seen as kind of hardware one-way functions,who are easily fabricated but difficult to clone,duplicate or predict.Therefore,PUFs with unclonable and unpredictable properties are welcome to be applied in designing lightweight cryptography protocols.In this paper,a Basic Key Distribution Scheme(Basic-KDS)based on PUFs is firstly proposed.Then,by employing different deployment modes,a Random Deployment Key Distribution Scheme(RD-KDS)and a Grouping Deployment Key Distribution Scheme(GD-KDS)are further proposed based on the Basic-KDS for large scale wireless sensor networks.In our proposals,a sensor is not pre-distributed with any keys but will generate one by the embedded PUF when receiving a challenge from the gateway,which provides perfect resilience against sensor capture attacks.Besides,the unclonable and unpredictable properties of PUF guarantee the key uniqueness and two-way authentication.Analysis and experiment results show that our proposals have better performances in improving the resilience,secure-connectivity,and efficiency as compared to other schemes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61474068,61404076,61274132)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ14F040001)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20113305110005)
文摘By analyzing the principle of process variations, a lightweight Physical Unclonable Function(PUF) circuit based on selectable cross-coupled inverters is proposed in this paper. Firstly, selectable cross-coupled inverters are chosen for two delay paths. Simultaneously, the circuit takes challenge signal to control each delay path. The PUF cell circuit is implemented in Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation(SMIC) 65 nm CMOS technology and the layout area is 2.94 mm × 1.68 mm. Then the 64-bit PUF circuit is achieved with the cascade connection of cell circuits. The simulation results show that the randomness is 49.4% and the reliability is 96.5%. Compared to the other works, this PUF circuit improves the encrypt performance and greatly reduces the area.
