The effects of zinc （Zn） at different spray concentra- tions （0, 500, and 1 000 μmol · L-1 ） on the plant growth, the ac- tivities of antioxidant enzymes chemical forms of cadmium （Cd）, and the accumulatio...The effects of zinc （Zn） at different spray concentra- tions （0, 500, and 1 000 μmol · L-1 ） on the plant growth, the ac- tivities of antioxidant enzymes chemical forms of cadmium （Cd）, and the accumulation of Cd were studied and compared between two varieties, Shijichaotianjiao （SJCTJ） and Yanjiao425 （YJ425） of pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） in Cd-contaminated soil （Cd 10 mg @ kg-1 ）. The activities of catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） were generally enhanced by Zn. However, superoxide dismutase （SOD） decreased. Addition of Zn decreased the ethanol-extract- able Cd, NaCl-extractable Cd, and acetic acid-extractable Cd in the fruit by 34.6%- 55.3%, 2.0%-17.7% and 0.4%-32.9%, and reduced the accumulation of Cd in fruit and plant total Cd by 12.8%- 68.6% and 9.0%-29.3% in both varieties, respectively.展开更多
The research selected 16 rice varieties（8 early and 8 late double-cropping rice） by mechanical transplanting modes as per equivalent row and wide-narrow row to explore yield and physiological traits in order to prov...The research selected 16 rice varieties（8 early and 8 late double-cropping rice） by mechanical transplanting modes as per equivalent row and wide-narrow row to explore yield and physiological traits in order to provide references for selection of rice variety suitable for mechanical transplanting. The results showed that yields of early and late rice improved by 2.90% and 2.73% by mechanical transplanting as per equivalent row and wide-narrow row respectively. Besides, leaf area index in the treatment as per wide-narrow row was higher compared with the treatment as per equivalent row, as well as average photosynthetic potential which grew by 0.92%,3.99% and 5.64% of early from tillering-peak stage to mature stage and 3.46%,7.09% and 6.79% of late rice. Furthermore, by mechanical transplanting as per wide-narrow row, SPAD value, and root activity performer higher, as well as the number of differentiated branch and glumous flowers, but degradation rate showed lower. In addition, with mechanical transplanting the same, early rice Zhuliangyou819 and late rice Fengyuanyou 299 took advantages in yield, which can be priorities for mechanical transplanting in double-cropping areas in Jiangxi Province.展开更多
Drought stress is the main limiting plant growth factor in arid and semiarid regions.The Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)is the only sweet-tasting lily grown in these regions of China that offers highly edibl...Drought stress is the main limiting plant growth factor in arid and semiarid regions.The Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)is the only sweet-tasting lily grown in these regions of China that offers highly edible,medicinal,health,and ornamental value.The Tresor lily is an ornamental flower known for its strong resistance.Plants were grown under three different drought intensity treatments,namely,being watered at intervals of 5,15,and 25 d(either throughout the study or during specific growth stages).We measured the biomass,leaf area,photosynthetic response,chlorophyll content(SPAD value),and osmoregulation of both the Lanzhou lily and the Tresor lily(Lilium‘Tresor’).Additionally,we employed RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)and qRT-PCR to investigate transcriptomic changes of the Lanzhou lily in response to drought stress.Results showed that under drought stress,the decreasing rate in the Lanzhou lily bulb weight was lower than the corresponding Tresor lily bulb rate;the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of the Lanzhou lily were all higher compared to the Tresor lily;osmoregulation constituents,such as glucose,fructose,sucrose,trehalose,and soluble sugar,in the Lanzhou lily were comparatively higher;PYL,NCED,and ERS genes were significantly expressed in the Lanzhou lily.Under moderate drought,the biosynthesis of flavonoids,circadian rhythms,and the tryptophan metabolism pathway of the Lanzhou lily were all significant.Under severe drought stress,fatty acid elongation,photosynthetic antenna protein,plant hormone signal transduction,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis,and the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were all significant.The Lanzhou lily adapted to drought stress by coordinating its organs and the unique role of its bulb,regulating photosynthesis,increasing osmolyte content,activating circadian rhythms,signal transduction,fatty acid elongation metabolism,and phenylalanine and flavonoid metabolic pathways,which may collectively be the main adaptation strategy and mechanisms used by the Lanzhou lily under drought stress.展开更多
The toxicity of heavy metals (Hg2 + , Zn2 + ) and pesticides has been investigated by comparing the physiological properties in wild and tolerant strains of Synechococcus cedrorum 1191. The differential pattern of gro...The toxicity of heavy metals (Hg2 + , Zn2 + ) and pesticides has been investigated by comparing the physiological properties in wild and tolerant strains of Synechococcus cedrorum 1191. The differential pattern of growth, absorption spectra of pigments and nutrient uptake was observed in tolerant strain.展开更多
Excessive soil salinity is an important constraint limiting the distribution of plants in natural habitats, and is an increasingly severe agricultural problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Higher salinity levels caus...Excessive soil salinity is an important constraint limiting the distribution of plants in natural habitats, and is an increasingly severe agricultural problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Higher salinity levels caused significant reduction in growth parameters like leaf area, leaf length and root and shoot dry weight. Salicylic acid （SA）, a plant phenolic is now considered as a hormone-like endogenous regulator, and its role in the defence mechanisms against biotic stressors has been well documented. In recent years its role has been widely investigated in abiotic stress （salinity, drought, water deficit and so on）. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of salicylic acid on growth and some physiological characters of salt stressed tomato plants. The presence of salicylic acid at low concentration （0.01 mM） in culture medium riched with NaCl 100 mM （6 g·L^-1） improves the tolerance of tomato cv. Golden Sunrise to salinity. This amelioration results in stimulation of growth and development of plants. The applied of SA in saline medium induce： （i） an increase in chlorophyll content; （ii） a better supply of essential elements in plant growth, such as K＋; （iii） a decrease in toxic ions such Na＋ and CI in aerial organs; and （iv） an additional synthesis of organic solutes and osmoprotectors like proline and proteins. All these results suggest that salicylic acid could be successfully used in alleviating depressive effects of salt on the productivity of the cultivated tomato.展开更多
The plant regeneration frequencies of ealli fromplant tissue and cell culture,especially that of thecalli from rice tissue culture and rice anther cul-ture,and that of the foreign-DNA-transfor-mation-derived rice call...The plant regeneration frequencies of ealli fromplant tissue and cell culture,especially that of thecalli from rice tissue culture and rice anther cul-ture,and that of the foreign-DNA-transfor-mation-derived rice calli is very low(usually 10-15%).It is therefor very important to improve theplant regeneration frequency of rice calli.A1-展开更多
A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Hamelmalo Agricultural College during summer 2017,to evaluate the agronomic,physiological,and biochemical performance of the collected Eritrean germplasm of...A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Hamelmalo Agricultural College during summer 2017,to evaluate the agronomic,physiological,and biochemical performance of the collected Eritrean germplasm of pearl millet.A total of 16 accessions were tested,out of which 2 were improved varieties included as a check.The experiment was laid out in 4 x 4 Simple Lattice Design with Randomized Block using 4 replications with a gross plot size of 3.0 m x 1.2 m,row to row spacing of 75 cm and plant to plant spacing of 30 cm.The data collected were Agronomic parameters(growth,development,yield,and yield contributing characters);Physiological parameters(Relative water content and Water Use Efficiency);and Biochemical parameters(crude fat,crude fiber,protein content,TSS,and ash content).The data were analyzed using GENSTAT software and correlation analysis was worked to see the positive and negative contribution of agronomic,physiological,and biochemical attributes.The results of the study showed that Bariyay908 and Kona being statistically at par with Bariyay 910,Hagaz,Zibedi,Shleti,Delkata,Tokroray,and Kunama produced significantly higher grain yield.However,among these Baryay908 because of its superior agronomic characteristics,lower incidence of downy mildew,relatively higher water use efficiency and higher crude protein content were found to be comparatively superior to the check improved varieties Kona and Hagaz.Grain yield has shown a positive and significant correlation with harvest index,number of seeds per panicle,panicle length,leaf area and water use efficiency.These promising accessions need to be further tested for future breeding programs to develop varieties higher in productivity and resistant to downy mildew under semi-arid conditions of Eritrea.展开更多
In the condition that soil is polluted by Cd（20 mg·L-1）,two varieties of tomato（Lycopersicon esculintum Mill.）（plant high Cd-enriched variety（Yufen109）and plant low Cd-enriched variety（4641））treated wit...In the condition that soil is polluted by Cd（20 mg·L-1）,two varieties of tomato（Lycopersicon esculintum Mill.）（plant high Cd-enriched variety（Yufen109）and plant low Cd-enriched variety（4641））treated with LaCl3 of different concentration（0,10 and 20mg·L-1）were determined for their effect on plant dry weight,anti-oxidase activity（CAT,SOD and POD）,tomato fruit Cd chemical form and Cd accumulation.The results show that 10 mg？L-1LaCl3 can increase dry weight of plant at various positions and can reduce the concentration of Cd of different forms.Spraying with LaCl3（10,20 mg·L-1）can reduce Cd concentration in leaves,stems,roots and fruits of tomato plants with lowering rates of 13.7%-31.9%,9.5%-30.6%,10.8%-44.5%and 19.4%-37.0%,respectively.Suitable amount of lanthanum（10 mg·L-1 LaCl3）can increase yield of tomatoes,reduce Cd accumulation in the fruit.In the two tomato varieties,Lanthanum and Cadmium react interactively,expressing to be coexisting of both synergism and antagonistic.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China(No.2007BAD87B10)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-25-C-05)
文摘The effects of zinc （Zn） at different spray concentra- tions （0, 500, and 1 000 μmol · L-1 ） on the plant growth, the ac- tivities of antioxidant enzymes chemical forms of cadmium （Cd）, and the accumulation of Cd were studied and compared between two varieties, Shijichaotianjiao （SJCTJ） and Yanjiao425 （YJ425） of pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） in Cd-contaminated soil （Cd 10 mg @ kg-1 ）. The activities of catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） were generally enhanced by Zn. However, superoxide dismutase （SOD） decreased. Addition of Zn decreased the ethanol-extract- able Cd, NaCl-extractable Cd, and acetic acid-extractable Cd in the fruit by 34.6%- 55.3%, 2.0%-17.7% and 0.4%-32.9%, and reduced the accumulation of Cd in fruit and plant total Cd by 12.8%- 68.6% and 9.0%-29.3% in both varieties, respectively.
基金Supported by National"Twelfth Five-Year"Plan for Science&Technology Support(2011BAD16B04)Super High-yielding Rice and"555"Talent Leading Program of Jiangxi Province~~
文摘The research selected 16 rice varieties（8 early and 8 late double-cropping rice） by mechanical transplanting modes as per equivalent row and wide-narrow row to explore yield and physiological traits in order to provide references for selection of rice variety suitable for mechanical transplanting. The results showed that yields of early and late rice improved by 2.90% and 2.73% by mechanical transplanting as per equivalent row and wide-narrow row respectively. Besides, leaf area index in the treatment as per wide-narrow row was higher compared with the treatment as per equivalent row, as well as average photosynthetic potential which grew by 0.92%,3.99% and 5.64% of early from tillering-peak stage to mature stage and 3.46%,7.09% and 6.79% of late rice. Furthermore, by mechanical transplanting as per wide-narrow row, SPAD value, and root activity performer higher, as well as the number of differentiated branch and glumous flowers, but degradation rate showed lower. In addition, with mechanical transplanting the same, early rice Zhuliangyou819 and late rice Fengyuanyou 299 took advantages in yield, which can be priorities for mechanical transplanting in double-cropping areas in Jiangxi Province.
基金the Gansu Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.182D2NA010)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KFJ-STS-QYZD-120)the Key R&D plan of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant No.2019BBF02018)for the funding they provided。
文摘Drought stress is the main limiting plant growth factor in arid and semiarid regions.The Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)is the only sweet-tasting lily grown in these regions of China that offers highly edible,medicinal,health,and ornamental value.The Tresor lily is an ornamental flower known for its strong resistance.Plants were grown under three different drought intensity treatments,namely,being watered at intervals of 5,15,and 25 d(either throughout the study or during specific growth stages).We measured the biomass,leaf area,photosynthetic response,chlorophyll content(SPAD value),and osmoregulation of both the Lanzhou lily and the Tresor lily(Lilium‘Tresor’).Additionally,we employed RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)and qRT-PCR to investigate transcriptomic changes of the Lanzhou lily in response to drought stress.Results showed that under drought stress,the decreasing rate in the Lanzhou lily bulb weight was lower than the corresponding Tresor lily bulb rate;the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of the Lanzhou lily were all higher compared to the Tresor lily;osmoregulation constituents,such as glucose,fructose,sucrose,trehalose,and soluble sugar,in the Lanzhou lily were comparatively higher;PYL,NCED,and ERS genes were significantly expressed in the Lanzhou lily.Under moderate drought,the biosynthesis of flavonoids,circadian rhythms,and the tryptophan metabolism pathway of the Lanzhou lily were all significant.Under severe drought stress,fatty acid elongation,photosynthetic antenna protein,plant hormone signal transduction,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis,and the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were all significant.The Lanzhou lily adapted to drought stress by coordinating its organs and the unique role of its bulb,regulating photosynthesis,increasing osmolyte content,activating circadian rhythms,signal transduction,fatty acid elongation metabolism,and phenylalanine and flavonoid metabolic pathways,which may collectively be the main adaptation strategy and mechanisms used by the Lanzhou lily under drought stress.
文摘The toxicity of heavy metals (Hg2 + , Zn2 + ) and pesticides has been investigated by comparing the physiological properties in wild and tolerant strains of Synechococcus cedrorum 1191. The differential pattern of growth, absorption spectra of pigments and nutrient uptake was observed in tolerant strain.
文摘Excessive soil salinity is an important constraint limiting the distribution of plants in natural habitats, and is an increasingly severe agricultural problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Higher salinity levels caused significant reduction in growth parameters like leaf area, leaf length and root and shoot dry weight. Salicylic acid （SA）, a plant phenolic is now considered as a hormone-like endogenous regulator, and its role in the defence mechanisms against biotic stressors has been well documented. In recent years its role has been widely investigated in abiotic stress （salinity, drought, water deficit and so on）. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of salicylic acid on growth and some physiological characters of salt stressed tomato plants. The presence of salicylic acid at low concentration （0.01 mM） in culture medium riched with NaCl 100 mM （6 g·L^-1） improves the tolerance of tomato cv. Golden Sunrise to salinity. This amelioration results in stimulation of growth and development of plants. The applied of SA in saline medium induce： （i） an increase in chlorophyll content; （ii） a better supply of essential elements in plant growth, such as K＋; （iii） a decrease in toxic ions such Na＋ and CI in aerial organs; and （iv） an additional synthesis of organic solutes and osmoprotectors like proline and proteins. All these results suggest that salicylic acid could be successfully used in alleviating depressive effects of salt on the productivity of the cultivated tomato.
文摘The plant regeneration frequencies of ealli fromplant tissue and cell culture,especially that of thecalli from rice tissue culture and rice anther cul-ture,and that of the foreign-DNA-transfor-mation-derived rice calli is very low(usually 10-15%).It is therefor very important to improve theplant regeneration frequency of rice calli.A1-
文摘A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Hamelmalo Agricultural College during summer 2017,to evaluate the agronomic,physiological,and biochemical performance of the collected Eritrean germplasm of pearl millet.A total of 16 accessions were tested,out of which 2 were improved varieties included as a check.The experiment was laid out in 4 x 4 Simple Lattice Design with Randomized Block using 4 replications with a gross plot size of 3.0 m x 1.2 m,row to row spacing of 75 cm and plant to plant spacing of 30 cm.The data collected were Agronomic parameters(growth,development,yield,and yield contributing characters);Physiological parameters(Relative water content and Water Use Efficiency);and Biochemical parameters(crude fat,crude fiber,protein content,TSS,and ash content).The data were analyzed using GENSTAT software and correlation analysis was worked to see the positive and negative contribution of agronomic,physiological,and biochemical attributes.The results of the study showed that Bariyay908 and Kona being statistically at par with Bariyay 910,Hagaz,Zibedi,Shleti,Delkata,Tokroray,and Kunama produced significantly higher grain yield.However,among these Baryay908 because of its superior agronomic characteristics,lower incidence of downy mildew,relatively higher water use efficiency and higher crude protein content were found to be comparatively superior to the check improved varieties Kona and Hagaz.Grain yield has shown a positive and significant correlation with harvest index,number of seeds per panicle,panicle length,leaf area and water use efficiency.These promising accessions need to be further tested for future breeding programs to develop varieties higher in productivity and resistant to downy mildew under semi-arid conditions of Eritrea.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20477032)Fund of China Agriculture Research System(Nycytx-25)
文摘In the condition that soil is polluted by Cd（20 mg·L-1）,two varieties of tomato（Lycopersicon esculintum Mill.）（plant high Cd-enriched variety（Yufen109）and plant low Cd-enriched variety（4641））treated with LaCl3 of different concentration（0,10 and 20mg·L-1）were determined for their effect on plant dry weight,anti-oxidase activity（CAT,SOD and POD）,tomato fruit Cd chemical form and Cd accumulation.The results show that 10 mg？L-1LaCl3 can increase dry weight of plant at various positions and can reduce the concentration of Cd of different forms.Spraying with LaCl3（10,20 mg·L-1）can reduce Cd concentration in leaves,stems,roots and fruits of tomato plants with lowering rates of 13.7%-31.9%,9.5%-30.6%,10.8%-44.5%and 19.4%-37.0%,respectively.Suitable amount of lanthanum（10 mg·L-1 LaCl3）can increase yield of tomatoes,reduce Cd accumulation in the fruit.In the two tomato varieties,Lanthanum and Cadmium react interactively,expressing to be coexisting of both synergism and antagonistic.
