To date,the primary industrial carbon capture approach is still absorption using aqueous solutions of alkanolamines.Here,to pursue a substitute for the amine-based approach to improve the CO_(2) capture efficiency and...To date,the primary industrial carbon capture approach is still absorption using aqueous solutions of alkanolamines.Here,to pursue a substitute for the amine-based approach to improve the CO_(2) capture efficiency and decrease the energy cost further,we report a new carbon capture approach using a 2-methylimidazole(mIm)aqueous solution.The properties and sorption behaviors of this approach have been experimentally investigated.The results show that the mIm solution has higher CO_(2) absorption capacity under relatively higher equilibrium pressure(>130 kPa)and lower desorption heat than the methyldiethanolamine solution.91.6%sorption capacity of mIm solution can be recovered at 353.15 K and 80 kPa.The selectivity for CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) can reach an exceptional 7609 and 4324,respectively.Furthermore,the pilot-scale tests were also performed,and the results demonstrate that more than 98%of CO_(2) in the feed gas could be removed and cyclic absorption capacity can reach 1 mol·L^(-1).This work indicates that mIm is an excellent alternative to alkanolamines for carbon capture in the industry.展开更多
In solving the deterioration of biological treatment system treating petrochemical wastewater under low temperatures, bioaugmentation technology was adopted by delivering engineering bacteria into a pilot-scale two-st...In solving the deterioration of biological treatment system treating petrochemical wastewater under low temperatures, bioaugmentation technology was adopted by delivering engineering bacteria into a pilot-scale two-stage anoxic-oxic (A/O) process based on previous lab-scale study. Experimental results showed that when the concentrations of COD and NH4+-N of the influent were 370~910 mg/L and 10~70 mg/L, the corresponding average concentrations of those of effluent were about 80 mg/L and 8 mg/L respectively, which was better than the Level I criteria of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). According to GC-MS analysis of the effluents from both the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the pilot system, there were 68 kinds of persistent organic pollutants in the WWTP effluent, while there were only 32 in that of the pilot system. In addition, the amount of the organics in the effluent of the pilot system reduced by almost 50% compared to that of the WWTP. As a whole, after bioaugmentation, the organic removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment system obviously in- creased.展开更多
Under the guidance of strain tolerance, a new combination method for crude oil-degrading bacterial consortium was studied. Firstly, more than 50 efficient crude oil-degrading and biosurfactant producing bacteria were ...Under the guidance of strain tolerance, a new combination method for crude oil-degrading bacterial consortium was studied. Firstly, more than 50 efficient crude oil-degrading and biosurfactant producing bacteria were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and water in Tianjin Binhai New Area Oil field, China. Twenty-four of them were selected for further study. These strains were identified as belonging Pseudornonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus brevis, Achrornobacter sp., Acinetobacter venetianus, Lysinibacillus rnacroides, Klebsiella oxytoca, Stenotrophornonas rhizophila, Rhodococcus sp. and Bacillus thuringiensis. A shake-flask degradation test revealed that 12 of these strains could degrade over 50% of 1% crude oil concentration in 7 d. Of these, 8 strains were able to produce biosurfactants. Furthermore, environmental tolerance experiments indicated that the majority of the strains had the ability to adapt to extreme environments including high temperatures, alkaline en- vironments and high salinity environments. A mixed bacterial agent comprising the strains WB2, W2, W3 and HA was developed based on the environmental tolerance tests and subjected to the pilot-scale degradation test indicating that this bacterial agent could degrade 85.2% of 0.8% crude oil concentration in 60 d. Our results suggest that the application of this mixed agent could remediate crude oil polluted soils in saline and alkaline environments.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the effect of C/N ratio on DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. , and the results were verified by pilot-scale fermentation. [ Method] Effect of C/N ratio on DHA production by ...[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the effect of C/N ratio on DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. , and the results were verified by pilot-scale fermentation. [ Method] Effect of C/N ratio on DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. JN-3 was explored. The industrial fermentation potential of Schizochytrium sp. JN-3 was investigated by pilot-scale fermentation in a 200 L fermentation tank. [ Result] Results of fermentation in a 7 L fermentation tank showed that the maximum biomass and total lipid content were 34.3 and 20.1 g/L, respectively, when C/N ratio was 10 ; the maximum DHA yield was 46.9% when C/N ratio was 20. When pilot-scale fermentation was conducted in a 200 L fermentation tank, the biomass was 30. 2 g/L, total lipid content was 18.4 g/L, accounting for 63.2% of the dry weight of cells; DHA content was 7.4 g/L, accounting for 40. 2% of the total lipid content. [ Condasion ] Schizochytrlum sp. JN-3 has good industrial fermentation notential.展开更多
To achieve high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the rule of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal （SNDPR）, a whole course of SNDPR damage and recovery was...To achieve high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the rule of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal （SNDPR）, a whole course of SNDPR damage and recovery was studied in a pilot-scale, anaerobicanoxic oxidation ditch （OD）, where the volumes of anaerobic zone, anoxic zone, and ditches zone of the OD system were 7, 21, and 280 L, respectively. The reactor was fed with municipal wastewater with a flow rate of 336 L/d. The concept of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） rate （rSND） was put forward to quantify SND. The results indicate that： （1） high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were achieved during the stable SND phase, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphate （TP） removal rates were 80% and 85%, respectively; （2） when the system was aerated excessively, the stability of SND was damaged, and rSND dropped from 80% to 20% or less; （3） the natural logarithm of the ratio of NOx to NH4^＋ in the effluent had a linear correlation to oxidation-reduction potential （ORP）; （4） when NO3^- was less than 6 mg/L, high phosphorus removal efficiency could be achieved; （5） denitrifying phosphorus removal （DNPR） could take place in the anaerobic-anoxic OD system. The major innovation was that the SND rate was devised and quantified.展开更多
White mulberry tree (Morus alba L) is cultivated throughout Asia and Europe, including Poland. The leaves and root bark preparations from Morus alba have been used in traditional phytomedicine. The objective of the pr...White mulberry tree (Morus alba L) is cultivated throughout Asia and Europe, including Poland. The leaves and root bark preparations from Morus alba have been used in traditional phytomedicine. The objective of the present study was to compare chemical composition and antioxidative activity of aqueous extracts prepared from Polish variety of Morus alba leaves at the laboratory (L) and pilot plant scale (PP) conditions. Proximate composition, phenolic acids profile (HPLC/MS), flavonol glicosides (HPLC/ MS), polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and the antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assay) of the extracts were determined. The main phenolic compounds were identified as gallic, protocatechuic, phydroxybenzoic, vanillic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids. Chlorogenic acid was the main phenolic constituent of both extracts. The flavonols fraction contained rutin, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-β-D- glucopyranoside. Total concentration of phenolic compounds were 7.9 g and 14.4 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g extract, and antioxidant activity was 137.1 and 214.1 μMol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight for the PP and L extracts, respectively. We concluded that current pilot plant process is less efficient than laboratory process at the aqueous extraction of bioactive components from Morus alba dried leaves. Potential improvements may include increasing efficacy of the extraction, decreasing losses of bioactive components during the process, or both.展开更多
The widespread use of pesticides has caused serious harm to ecosystems,necessitating effective and environmentally friendly treatment methods.Bioremediation stands out as a promising approach for pollutant treatment,w...The widespread use of pesticides has caused serious harm to ecosystems,necessitating effective and environmentally friendly treatment methods.Bioremediation stands out as a promising approach for pollutant treatment,wherein the metabolic activities of microorganisms can transform toxic pesticides into compounds with lower or no toxicity.In this study,we obtained eight pesticide-degrading strains from pesticide-contaminated sites through continuous enrichment and screening.Four highly efficient pesticide-degrading strains(degradation ratios exceeding 80%)were identified.Among them,Pseudomonas sp.BL5 exhibited the strongest growth(exceeding 10^(9) CFU·ml^(-1))and outstanding degradation of benzene derivatives and chlorinated hydrocarbons at both laboratory and pilot scales,with degradation ratios exceeding 98%and 99.6%,respectively.This research provides new tools and insights for the bioremediation of pesticide-related pollutants.展开更多
Carbon cycle regulation and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission abatement within wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)can theoretically improve sustainability.Currently,however,large amounts of external carbon sources used for d...Carbon cycle regulation and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission abatement within wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)can theoretically improve sustainability.Currently,however,large amounts of external carbon sources used for deep nitrogen removal and waste sludge disposal aggravate the carbon footprint of most WWTPs.In this pilot-scale study,considerable carbon was preliminarily recovered from primary sludge(PS)through short-term(five days)acidogenic fermentation and subsequently utilized on-site for denitrification in a wool processing industrialWWTP.The recovered sludge-derived carbon sources were excellent electron donors that could be used as additional carbon supplements for commercial glucose to enhance denitrification.Additionally,improvements in carbon and nitrogen flow further contributed to GHG emission abatement.Overall,a 9.1%reduction in sludge volatile solids was achieved from carbon recovery,which offset 57.4%of external carbon sources,and the indirect GHG emissions of the target industrial WWTP were reduced by 8.05%.This study demonstrates that optimizing the allocation of carbon mass flow within a WWTP has numerous benefits.展开更多
The zero-valent iron modified biochar materials are widely employed for heavy metals immobilization.However,these materials would be inevitably aged by natural forces after entering into the environment,while there ar...The zero-valent iron modified biochar materials are widely employed for heavy metals immobilization.However,these materials would be inevitably aged by natural forces after entering into the environment,while there are seldom studies reported the aging effects of zero-valent iron modified biochar.In this work,the hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid solution were applied to simulate aging conditions of zero-valent iron modified biochar.According to the results,the adsorption capacity of copper(II)contaminants on biochar,zero-valent iron modified biochar-1,and zero-valent iron modified biochar-2 after aging was decreased by 15.36%,22.65%and 23.26%,respectively.The surface interactions were assigned with chemisorption occurred on multi-molecular layers,which were proved by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models.After aging,the decreasing of capacity could be mainly attributed to the inhibition of ion-exchange and zero-valent iron oxidation.Moreover,the plant growth and soil leaching experiments also proved the effects of aging treatment,the zero-valent iron modified biochar reduced the inhibition of copper(II)bioavailability and increased the mobility of copper(II)after aging.All these results bridged the gaps between bio-adsorbents customization and their environmental behaviors during practical agro-industrial application.展开更多
Catalytic ozonation is regarded as a promising technology in the advanced treatment of refractory organic wastewater.Packed-bed reactors are widely used in practical applications due to simple structures,installation ...Catalytic ozonation is regarded as a promising technology in the advanced treatment of refractory organic wastewater.Packed-bed reactors are widely used in practical applications due to simple structures,installation and operation.However,mass transfer of packed-bed reactors is relatively restrained and amplified deviations usually occurred in scale-up application.Herein,a multi-scale packed-bed model of catalytic ozonation was established to guide pilot tests.First,a laboratory-scale test was conducted to obtain kinetic parameters needed for modeling.Then,a multi-scale packed-bed model was developed to research the effects of water distribution structure,catalyst particle size,and hydraulic retention time(HRT)on catalytic ozonation.It was found that the performance of packed bed reactor was increased with evenly distributed water inlet,HRT of 60 min,and catalyst diameter of about 3-7 mm.Last,an optimized reactor was manufactured and a pilot-scale test was conducted to treat kitchen wastewater using catalytic ozonation process.In the pilot-scale test with an ozone dosage of 50 mg/L and HRT of 60 min,the packed-bed reactor filled with catalysts I was able to reduce chemical oxygen demand(COD)from 117 to 59 mg/L.The performance of the catalytic ozonation process in the packed-bed reactor for the advanced treatment of actual kitchen wastewater was investigated via both multi-scale simulation and pilot-scale tests in this study,which provided a practical method for optimizing the reactors of treating refractory organic wastewater.展开更多
Large quantities of contaminated biomass due to phytoremediation were disposed through combustion in low-income rural regions of China.This process provided a solution to reduce waste volume and disposal cost.Pilot-sc...Large quantities of contaminated biomass due to phytoremediation were disposed through combustion in low-income rural regions of China.This process provided a solution to reduce waste volume and disposal cost.Pilot-scale combustion trials were conducted for in site disposal at phytoremediation sites.The reaction mechanism of arsenic capture during pilot-scale combustion should be determined to control the arsenic emission in flue gas.This study investigated three Pteris vittata L.biomass with a disposal capacity of 600 kg/d and different arsenic concentrations from three sites in China.The arsenic concentration in flue gas was greater than that of the national standard in the trial with no emission control,and the arsenic concentration in biomass was 486 mg/kg.CaO addition notably reduced arsenic emission in flue gas,and absorption was efficient when CaO was mixed with biomass at 10% of the total weight.For the trial with 10% CaO addition,arsenic recovery from ash reached 76%,which is an ~8-fold increase compared with the control.Synchrotron radiation analysis confirmed that calcium arsenate is the dominant reaction product.展开更多
Biochar supported nano-scale zerovalent iron(nZVI/BC)for persulfate(PS)activation has been studied extensively for the degradation of pollutants on the lab scale,but it was rarely applied in practical soil remediation...Biochar supported nano-scale zerovalent iron(nZVI/BC)for persulfate(PS)activation has been studied extensively for the degradation of pollutants on the lab scale,but it was rarely applied in practical soil remediation in the field.In this research,we developed a facile ball-milling method for the mass production of nZVI/BC,which was successfully applied to activate persulfate for the remediation of organic polluted soil on an in-situ pilot scale.In-situ high-pressure injection device was developed to inject nZVI/BC suspension and PS solution into the soil with a depth of 0-70 cm.The removal efficiency of target pollutants such as 2-ethylnitrobenzene(ENB,1.47-1.56 mg/kg),biphenyl(BP,0.19-0.21 mg/kg),4-(methylsulfonyl)toluene(MST,0.32-0.43 mg/kg),and 4-phenylphenol(PP,1.70-2.46 mg/kg)at different soil depths was 99.7%,99.1%,99.9%and 99.7%,respectively,after 360 days of remediation.The application of nZVI/BC significantly increased the degradation rates of contaminants by 11-322%,ascribed to its relatively higher efficiency of free radical generation than that of control groups.In addition,it was found that nZVI/BC-PS inhibited soil urease and sucrase enzyme activities by 1-61%within 55 days due to the oxidative stress for microbes induced by free radicals,while these inhibition effects disappeared with remediation time prolonged(>127 days).Our research provides a useful implementation case of remediation with nZVI/BC-PS activation and verifies its feasibility in practical contaminated soil remediation.展开更多
Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon...Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen（NO_3-N） removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated.During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO_3-N was 3.99-4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/（m^2·day）, the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24（mg/L）1/2/min,respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845,5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m^2 at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm^3 at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.展开更多
Pilot-scale pellet mill has many advantages and great potential application prospect.In this work,a structure of pilot-scale pellet mill was designed and the effects of moisture content(12%-20%w.b.),temperature(55...Pilot-scale pellet mill has many advantages and great potential application prospect.In this work,a structure of pilot-scale pellet mill was designed and the effects of moisture content(12%-20%w.b.),temperature(55°C-95°C)and ring die speed(160-320 r/min)on the production and physical properties(pellet durability,bulk density and hardness)of the produced feed pellets were determined and analyzed.The results showed that pellet durability ranged from 90.47%to 96.92%,bulk density 537.4 kg/m3 to 62.2 kg/m3,hardness 5.26 kg to 9.65 kg and production 26.51 kg/h to 42.81 kg/h.Pellet durability was found to increase with the increase of temperature and moisture content,but to decrease with the increase of ring die speed.Bulk density showed a monotonic increase with temperature and ring die speed.Hardness increased with the increase of temperature,but exhibited a first ascending and then descending trends with the increase of moisture content.It also indicted that high ring die speed favored production.Due to its fast and cheap production in a suitable scale,the designed pilot scale pellet mill prototype and the comprehensive research would contribute to the production of feed pellets in various processing conditions with different feed formulas,like additive selection and so on,in order to meet diversified demands.展开更多
Parallel pilot-scale anaerobic digestion systems were conducted to evaluate the influence of system temperatures(30℃and 35℃)on digestion performance,greenhouse gas control and economic efficiency.Biogas productions(...Parallel pilot-scale anaerobic digestion systems were conducted to evaluate the influence of system temperatures(30℃and 35℃)on digestion performance,greenhouse gas control and economic efficiency.Biogas productions(6.64-12.96 m3/d)and methane yields(0.46-0.61 m3/kg VS)of 35℃digestion system were significantly higher than those of 30℃digestion system with the organic loading rate(OLR)of 2.0-4.5 kg VS/m3·d.Two regression equations of methane yields with increasing OLRs were fitted at 30℃and 35℃to predict the methane production of practical food waste(FW)digestion plants.By analyzing process stability,the optimal operating OLRs of 35℃digestion system(4.0 kg VS/m3·d)was found to be higher than that of 30℃digestion system(3.0 kg VS/m3·d),indicating that the 35℃digestion system had better processing capacity.The greenhouse gas emission under corresponding optimal operating OLR of 35℃digestion system was also calculated to be better than that of 30℃digestion system.Even the system temperature of 30℃was found to be more suitable for the digestion where OLR was less than 3.0 kg VS/m3·d,a higher operational temperature of 35℃was still a better choice for conventional high-solid digestion.展开更多
In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation systems.Among various alga...In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation systems.Among various algae harvesting techniques,membrane-based filtration has shown numerous advantages.This study evaluated the reuse of permeate streams derived from Scenedesmus obliquus(S.obliquus)biomass filtration under bench-scale and pilot-scale conditions.In particular,this study identified a series of challenges and mechanisms that influence the water reuse potential and the robustness of the membrane harvesting system.In a preliminary phase of this investigation,the health status of the initial biomass was found to have important implications for the harvesting performance and quality of the permeate stream to be reused;healthy biomass ensured better dewatering performance(i.e.,higher water fluxes)and higher quality of the permeate water streams.A series of bench-scale filtration experiments with different combinations of cross-flow velocity and pressure values were performed to identify the operative conditions that would maximize water productivity.The selected conditions,2.4 m·s^(-1)and 1.4 bar(1 bar=105 Pa),respectively,were then applied to drive pilot-scale microfiltration tests to reuse the collected permeate as a new cultivation medium for S.obliquus growth in a pilot-scale photobioreactor.The investigation revealed key differences between the behavior of the membrane systems at the two scales(bench and pilot).It indicated the potential for beneficial reuse of the permeate stream as the pilot-scale experiments ensured high harvesting performance and growth rates of biomass in permeate water that were highly similar to those recorded in the ideal cultivation medium.Finally,different nutrient reintegration protocols were investigated,revealing that both macro-and micro-nutrient levels are critical for the success of the reuse approach.展开更多
基金The financial supports received from National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20B6005, 22178378, and 22127812)
文摘To date,the primary industrial carbon capture approach is still absorption using aqueous solutions of alkanolamines.Here,to pursue a substitute for the amine-based approach to improve the CO_(2) capture efficiency and decrease the energy cost further,we report a new carbon capture approach using a 2-methylimidazole(mIm)aqueous solution.The properties and sorption behaviors of this approach have been experimentally investigated.The results show that the mIm solution has higher CO_(2) absorption capacity under relatively higher equilibrium pressure(>130 kPa)and lower desorption heat than the methyldiethanolamine solution.91.6%sorption capacity of mIm solution can be recovered at 353.15 K and 80 kPa.The selectivity for CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) can reach an exceptional 7609 and 4324,respectively.Furthermore,the pilot-scale tests were also performed,and the results demonstrate that more than 98%of CO_(2) in the feed gas could be removed and cyclic absorption capacity can reach 1 mol·L^(-1).This work indicates that mIm is an excellent alternative to alkanolamines for carbon capture in the industry.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB418505)the Science and Technology Development Program of Heilongjiang Province (No. CC05S301), China
文摘In solving the deterioration of biological treatment system treating petrochemical wastewater under low temperatures, bioaugmentation technology was adopted by delivering engineering bacteria into a pilot-scale two-stage anoxic-oxic (A/O) process based on previous lab-scale study. Experimental results showed that when the concentrations of COD and NH4+-N of the influent were 370~910 mg/L and 10~70 mg/L, the corresponding average concentrations of those of effluent were about 80 mg/L and 8 mg/L respectively, which was better than the Level I criteria of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). According to GC-MS analysis of the effluents from both the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the pilot system, there were 68 kinds of persistent organic pollutants in the WWTP effluent, while there were only 32 in that of the pilot system. In addition, the amount of the organics in the effluent of the pilot system reduced by almost 50% compared to that of the WWTP. As a whole, after bioaugmentation, the organic removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment system obviously in- creased.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(“973”Program:2014CB745100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576197)+2 种基金Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(14JCQNJC06700)the Major Research Plan of Tianjin(16YFXTSF00460)Tianjin Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill Accident Compensation Project(19-3BC2014-03)
文摘Under the guidance of strain tolerance, a new combination method for crude oil-degrading bacterial consortium was studied. Firstly, more than 50 efficient crude oil-degrading and biosurfactant producing bacteria were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and water in Tianjin Binhai New Area Oil field, China. Twenty-four of them were selected for further study. These strains were identified as belonging Pseudornonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus brevis, Achrornobacter sp., Acinetobacter venetianus, Lysinibacillus rnacroides, Klebsiella oxytoca, Stenotrophornonas rhizophila, Rhodococcus sp. and Bacillus thuringiensis. A shake-flask degradation test revealed that 12 of these strains could degrade over 50% of 1% crude oil concentration in 7 d. Of these, 8 strains were able to produce biosurfactants. Furthermore, environmental tolerance experiments indicated that the majority of the strains had the ability to adapt to extreme environments including high temperatures, alkaline en- vironments and high salinity environments. A mixed bacterial agent comprising the strains WB2, W2, W3 and HA was developed based on the environmental tolerance tests and subjected to the pilot-scale degradation test indicating that this bacterial agent could degrade 85.2% of 0.8% crude oil concentration in 60 d. Our results suggest that the application of this mixed agent could remediate crude oil polluted soils in saline and alkaline environments.
基金Supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Ministry of Education(20100093120002)Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology under Ministry of Education(KLIB-KF200906,KLIB-KF201005)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the effect of C/N ratio on DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. , and the results were verified by pilot-scale fermentation. [ Method] Effect of C/N ratio on DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. JN-3 was explored. The industrial fermentation potential of Schizochytrium sp. JN-3 was investigated by pilot-scale fermentation in a 200 L fermentation tank. [ Result] Results of fermentation in a 7 L fermentation tank showed that the maximum biomass and total lipid content were 34.3 and 20.1 g/L, respectively, when C/N ratio was 10 ; the maximum DHA yield was 46.9% when C/N ratio was 20. When pilot-scale fermentation was conducted in a 200 L fermentation tank, the biomass was 30. 2 g/L, total lipid content was 18.4 g/L, accounting for 63.2% of the dry weight of cells; DHA content was 7.4 g/L, accounting for 40. 2% of the total lipid content. [ Condasion ] Schizochytrlum sp. JN-3 has good industrial fermentation notential.
文摘To achieve high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the rule of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal （SNDPR）, a whole course of SNDPR damage and recovery was studied in a pilot-scale, anaerobicanoxic oxidation ditch （OD）, where the volumes of anaerobic zone, anoxic zone, and ditches zone of the OD system were 7, 21, and 280 L, respectively. The reactor was fed with municipal wastewater with a flow rate of 336 L/d. The concept of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） rate （rSND） was put forward to quantify SND. The results indicate that： （1） high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were achieved during the stable SND phase, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphate （TP） removal rates were 80% and 85%, respectively; （2） when the system was aerated excessively, the stability of SND was damaged, and rSND dropped from 80% to 20% or less; （3） the natural logarithm of the ratio of NOx to NH4^＋ in the effluent had a linear correlation to oxidation-reduction potential （ORP）; （4） when NO3^- was less than 6 mg/L, high phosphorus removal efficiency could be achieved; （5） denitrifying phosphorus removal （DNPR） could take place in the anaerobic-anoxic OD system. The major innovation was that the SND rate was devised and quantified.
文摘White mulberry tree (Morus alba L) is cultivated throughout Asia and Europe, including Poland. The leaves and root bark preparations from Morus alba have been used in traditional phytomedicine. The objective of the present study was to compare chemical composition and antioxidative activity of aqueous extracts prepared from Polish variety of Morus alba leaves at the laboratory (L) and pilot plant scale (PP) conditions. Proximate composition, phenolic acids profile (HPLC/MS), flavonol glicosides (HPLC/ MS), polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and the antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assay) of the extracts were determined. The main phenolic compounds were identified as gallic, protocatechuic, phydroxybenzoic, vanillic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids. Chlorogenic acid was the main phenolic constituent of both extracts. The flavonols fraction contained rutin, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-β-D- glucopyranoside. Total concentration of phenolic compounds were 7.9 g and 14.4 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g extract, and antioxidant activity was 137.1 and 214.1 μMol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight for the PP and L extracts, respectively. We concluded that current pilot plant process is less efficient than laboratory process at the aqueous extraction of bioactive components from Morus alba dried leaves. Potential improvements may include increasing efficacy of the extraction, decreasing losses of bioactive components during the process, or both.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0902100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178262)the Tianjin Key Research and Development Program(23YFZCSN00110).
文摘The widespread use of pesticides has caused serious harm to ecosystems,necessitating effective and environmentally friendly treatment methods.Bioremediation stands out as a promising approach for pollutant treatment,wherein the metabolic activities of microorganisms can transform toxic pesticides into compounds with lower or no toxicity.In this study,we obtained eight pesticide-degrading strains from pesticide-contaminated sites through continuous enrichment and screening.Four highly efficient pesticide-degrading strains(degradation ratios exceeding 80%)were identified.Among them,Pseudomonas sp.BL5 exhibited the strongest growth(exceeding 10^(9) CFU·ml^(-1))and outstanding degradation of benzene derivatives and chlorinated hydrocarbons at both laboratory and pilot scales,with degradation ratios exceeding 98%and 99.6%,respectively.This research provides new tools and insights for the bioremediation of pesticide-related pollutants.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province,China(2020CXGC011202-004)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology),China(No.2022TS26)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(KQTD20190929172630447).
文摘Carbon cycle regulation and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission abatement within wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)can theoretically improve sustainability.Currently,however,large amounts of external carbon sources used for deep nitrogen removal and waste sludge disposal aggravate the carbon footprint of most WWTPs.In this pilot-scale study,considerable carbon was preliminarily recovered from primary sludge(PS)through short-term(five days)acidogenic fermentation and subsequently utilized on-site for denitrification in a wool processing industrialWWTP.The recovered sludge-derived carbon sources were excellent electron donors that could be used as additional carbon supplements for commercial glucose to enhance denitrification.Additionally,improvements in carbon and nitrogen flow further contributed to GHG emission abatement.Overall,a 9.1%reduction in sludge volatile solids was achieved from carbon recovery,which offset 57.4%of external carbon sources,and the indirect GHG emissions of the target industrial WWTP were reduced by 8.05%.This study demonstrates that optimizing the allocation of carbon mass flow within a WWTP has numerous benefits.
基金The authors appreciate the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22264025)the Yunnan Province Education Department Scientific Research Foundation Project(Grant No.2022J0136)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.202201AS070020,202201AU070061).
文摘The zero-valent iron modified biochar materials are widely employed for heavy metals immobilization.However,these materials would be inevitably aged by natural forces after entering into the environment,while there are seldom studies reported the aging effects of zero-valent iron modified biochar.In this work,the hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid solution were applied to simulate aging conditions of zero-valent iron modified biochar.According to the results,the adsorption capacity of copper(II)contaminants on biochar,zero-valent iron modified biochar-1,and zero-valent iron modified biochar-2 after aging was decreased by 15.36%,22.65%and 23.26%,respectively.The surface interactions were assigned with chemisorption occurred on multi-molecular layers,which were proved by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models.After aging,the decreasing of capacity could be mainly attributed to the inhibition of ion-exchange and zero-valent iron oxidation.Moreover,the plant growth and soil leaching experiments also proved the effects of aging treatment,the zero-valent iron modified biochar reduced the inhibition of copper(II)bioavailability and increased the mobility of copper(II)after aging.All these results bridged the gaps between bio-adsorbents customization and their environmental behaviors during practical agro-industrial application.
基金supported by the“Explorer 100”cluster system of Tsinghua HPC Platform.
文摘Catalytic ozonation is regarded as a promising technology in the advanced treatment of refractory organic wastewater.Packed-bed reactors are widely used in practical applications due to simple structures,installation and operation.However,mass transfer of packed-bed reactors is relatively restrained and amplified deviations usually occurred in scale-up application.Herein,a multi-scale packed-bed model of catalytic ozonation was established to guide pilot tests.First,a laboratory-scale test was conducted to obtain kinetic parameters needed for modeling.Then,a multi-scale packed-bed model was developed to research the effects of water distribution structure,catalyst particle size,and hydraulic retention time(HRT)on catalytic ozonation.It was found that the performance of packed bed reactor was increased with evenly distributed water inlet,HRT of 60 min,and catalyst diameter of about 3-7 mm.Last,an optimized reactor was manufactured and a pilot-scale test was conducted to treat kitchen wastewater using catalytic ozonation process.In the pilot-scale test with an ozone dosage of 50 mg/L and HRT of 60 min,the packed-bed reactor filled with catalysts I was able to reduce chemical oxygen demand(COD)from 117 to 59 mg/L.The performance of the catalytic ozonation process in the packed-bed reactor for the advanced treatment of actual kitchen wastewater was investigated via both multi-scale simulation and pilot-scale tests in this study,which provided a practical method for optimizing the reactors of treating refractory organic wastewater.
文摘Large quantities of contaminated biomass due to phytoremediation were disposed through combustion in low-income rural regions of China.This process provided a solution to reduce waste volume and disposal cost.Pilot-scale combustion trials were conducted for in site disposal at phytoremediation sites.The reaction mechanism of arsenic capture during pilot-scale combustion should be determined to control the arsenic emission in flue gas.This study investigated three Pteris vittata L.biomass with a disposal capacity of 600 kg/d and different arsenic concentrations from three sites in China.The arsenic concentration in flue gas was greater than that of the national standard in the trial with no emission control,and the arsenic concentration in biomass was 486 mg/kg.CaO addition notably reduced arsenic emission in flue gas,and absorption was efficient when CaO was mixed with biomass at 10% of the total weight.For the trial with 10% CaO addition,arsenic recovery from ash reached 76%,which is an ~8-fold increase compared with the control.Synchrotron radiation analysis confirmed that calcium arsenate is the dominant reaction product.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1802006,2017YFA0207001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42022049,42130707,and 42107045)the 145 Program of Institute of Soil Science(ISSASIP2213).
文摘Biochar supported nano-scale zerovalent iron(nZVI/BC)for persulfate(PS)activation has been studied extensively for the degradation of pollutants on the lab scale,but it was rarely applied in practical soil remediation in the field.In this research,we developed a facile ball-milling method for the mass production of nZVI/BC,which was successfully applied to activate persulfate for the remediation of organic polluted soil on an in-situ pilot scale.In-situ high-pressure injection device was developed to inject nZVI/BC suspension and PS solution into the soil with a depth of 0-70 cm.The removal efficiency of target pollutants such as 2-ethylnitrobenzene(ENB,1.47-1.56 mg/kg),biphenyl(BP,0.19-0.21 mg/kg),4-(methylsulfonyl)toluene(MST,0.32-0.43 mg/kg),and 4-phenylphenol(PP,1.70-2.46 mg/kg)at different soil depths was 99.7%,99.1%,99.9%and 99.7%,respectively,after 360 days of remediation.The application of nZVI/BC significantly increased the degradation rates of contaminants by 11-322%,ascribed to its relatively higher efficiency of free radical generation than that of control groups.In addition,it was found that nZVI/BC-PS inhibited soil urease and sucrase enzyme activities by 1-61%within 55 days due to the oxidative stress for microbes induced by free radicals,while these inhibition effects disappeared with remediation time prolonged(>127 days).Our research provides a useful implementation case of remediation with nZVI/BC-PS activation and verifies its feasibility in practical contaminated soil remediation.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China (No. 2012ZX07302002)
文摘Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen（NO_3-N） removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated.During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO_3-N was 3.99-4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/（m^2·day）, the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24（mg/L）1/2/min,respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845,5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m^2 at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm^3 at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52005012).
文摘Pilot-scale pellet mill has many advantages and great potential application prospect.In this work,a structure of pilot-scale pellet mill was designed and the effects of moisture content(12%-20%w.b.),temperature(55°C-95°C)and ring die speed(160-320 r/min)on the production and physical properties(pellet durability,bulk density and hardness)of the produced feed pellets were determined and analyzed.The results showed that pellet durability ranged from 90.47%to 96.92%,bulk density 537.4 kg/m3 to 62.2 kg/m3,hardness 5.26 kg to 9.65 kg and production 26.51 kg/h to 42.81 kg/h.Pellet durability was found to increase with the increase of temperature and moisture content,but to decrease with the increase of ring die speed.Bulk density showed a monotonic increase with temperature and ring die speed.Hardness increased with the increase of temperature,but exhibited a first ascending and then descending trends with the increase of moisture content.It also indicted that high ring die speed favored production.Due to its fast and cheap production in a suitable scale,the designed pilot scale pellet mill prototype and the comprehensive research would contribute to the production of feed pellets in various processing conditions with different feed formulas,like additive selection and so on,in order to meet diversified demands.
基金We acknowledge that this work was financially support by University Doctorial Foundation(No.20120010110004)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8142030).
文摘Parallel pilot-scale anaerobic digestion systems were conducted to evaluate the influence of system temperatures(30℃and 35℃)on digestion performance,greenhouse gas control and economic efficiency.Biogas productions(6.64-12.96 m3/d)and methane yields(0.46-0.61 m3/kg VS)of 35℃digestion system were significantly higher than those of 30℃digestion system with the organic loading rate(OLR)of 2.0-4.5 kg VS/m3·d.Two regression equations of methane yields with increasing OLRs were fitted at 30℃and 35℃to predict the methane production of practical food waste(FW)digestion plants.By analyzing process stability,the optimal operating OLRs of 35℃digestion system(4.0 kg VS/m3·d)was found to be higher than that of 30℃digestion system(3.0 kg VS/m3·d),indicating that the 35℃digestion system had better processing capacity.The greenhouse gas emission under corresponding optimal operating OLR of 35℃digestion system was also calculated to be better than that of 30℃digestion system.Even the system temperature of 30℃was found to be more suitable for the digestion where OLR was less than 3.0 kg VS/m3·d,a higher operational temperature of 35℃was still a better choice for conventional high-solid digestion.
基金supported by the Politecnico di Torino and the CleanWaterCenter@PoliTo(58_DIM20TIRALB,58_DIM22TIRALB,and 01_TRIN_CI_CWC).
文摘In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation systems.Among various algae harvesting techniques,membrane-based filtration has shown numerous advantages.This study evaluated the reuse of permeate streams derived from Scenedesmus obliquus(S.obliquus)biomass filtration under bench-scale and pilot-scale conditions.In particular,this study identified a series of challenges and mechanisms that influence the water reuse potential and the robustness of the membrane harvesting system.In a preliminary phase of this investigation,the health status of the initial biomass was found to have important implications for the harvesting performance and quality of the permeate stream to be reused;healthy biomass ensured better dewatering performance(i.e.,higher water fluxes)and higher quality of the permeate water streams.A series of bench-scale filtration experiments with different combinations of cross-flow velocity and pressure values were performed to identify the operative conditions that would maximize water productivity.The selected conditions,2.4 m·s^(-1)and 1.4 bar(1 bar=105 Pa),respectively,were then applied to drive pilot-scale microfiltration tests to reuse the collected permeate as a new cultivation medium for S.obliquus growth in a pilot-scale photobioreactor.The investigation revealed key differences between the behavior of the membrane systems at the two scales(bench and pilot).It indicated the potential for beneficial reuse of the permeate stream as the pilot-scale experiments ensured high harvesting performance and growth rates of biomass in permeate water that were highly similar to those recorded in the ideal cultivation medium.Finally,different nutrient reintegration protocols were investigated,revealing that both macro-and micro-nutrient levels are critical for the success of the reuse approach.
