As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve t...As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant,a multi-virtual power plant(VPP)electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed.Firstly,a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established.The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity,reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation.Secondly,in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation,the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction(UCS)of electricity,heat as well as hydrogen is designed,which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range.Finally,the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using theCPLEX solver.The simulation results showthat the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP,increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.展开更多
The implementation of developing the wind power is an important way to achieve the low-carbon power system.However,the voltage stability issues caused by the random fluctuations of active power output and the irration...The implementation of developing the wind power is an important way to achieve the low-carbon power system.However,the voltage stability issues caused by the random fluctuations of active power output and the irrational regulations of reactive power compensation equipment have become the prominent problems of the regions where large-scale wind power integrated.In view of these problems,this paper proposed an optimal reactive power dispatch(ORPD)strategy of wind power plants cluster(WPPC)considering static voltage stability for lowcarbon power system.The control model of the ORPD strategy was built according to the wind power prediction,the present operation information and the historical operation information.By utilizing the automatic voltage control capability of wind power plants and central substations,the ORPD strategy can achieve differentiated management between the discrete devices and the dynamic devices of the WPPC.Simulation results of an actual WPPC in North China show that the ORPD strategy can improve the voltage control performance of the pilot nodes and coordinate the operation between discrete devices and the dynamic devices,thus maintaining the static voltage stability as well.展开更多
The cluster planting pattern （3 plants per hole） for cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） may increase economic yield over those of the traditional planting pattern （1 plant per hole） in arid regions of China. This in...The cluster planting pattern （3 plants per hole） for cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） may increase economic yield over those of the traditional planting pattern （1 plant per hole） in arid regions of China. This increase in yield depends on either increased biomass production or greater partitioning to fruit. This study was conducted to determine whether differences in biomass accumulation or partitioning to reproductive growth contributed to higher yield in the cluster planting pattern compared with the traditional one. Growth parameters, biomass accumulation, crop growth rate and partitioning between cluster planting pattern and traditional planting pattern was compared in northwest of China. The biomass production and partitioning in cluster planting plot was higher than in traditional planting one. Biomass accumulation was faster early in the clustered treatment, and it was also higher at harvest time. Total dry matter production per unit area was significantly higher than in the traditional planting. On a per plant basis, dry matter accumulation was faster and total biomass production was significantly higher in the cluster planting pattern. Numbers of sympodia and boll sizes were also larger, indicating that facilitation among plants was promoting crop yield. The increase in yield in the cluster planting treatment occurred through increased partitioning of dry matter to fruits than in the traditional planting pattern, resulting in more bolls and increased lint yield in arid regions.展开更多
随着可再生能源渗透率的不断提升,同时面对分散式源-荷-储协调优化需求,虚拟电厂(Virtual Power Plant,VPP)应运而生.但多主体代理的VPP如何协调运行是亟待解决的问题.为此提出了一种考虑双范数约束和纳什议价的多能虚拟电厂集群分布式...随着可再生能源渗透率的不断提升,同时面对分散式源-荷-储协调优化需求,虚拟电厂(Virtual Power Plant,VPP)应运而生.但多主体代理的VPP如何协调运行是亟待解决的问题.为此提出了一种考虑双范数约束和纳什议价的多能虚拟电厂集群分布式鲁棒优化策略.首先,针对多能VPP规划运行问题,通过双范数约束构建了多能VPP分布式鲁棒优化模型,其次以交互成本最小化为目标,通过纳什谈判理论来构建议价模型;最后对所提出的三个多能VPP进行算例分析,数据结果表明所提出的优化策略能够在确保各个VPP公平竞争前提下,提升其收益以及VPP集群的整体收益.展开更多
Bitter tea is a special kind of tea germplasm in China.The major biochemical components of 24 bitter teas and other 8 Camellia sinensis var.sinensis and 8 C.sinensis var.assamica tea germplasms,which were stored in th...Bitter tea is a special kind of tea germplasm in China.The major biochemical components of 24 bitter teas and other 8 Camellia sinensis var.sinensis and 8 C.sinensis var.assamica tea germplasms,which were stored in the China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository(CNGHTR),were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that no significant differences of major biochemical components affecting the tea quality were found between bitter tea and common tea.According to the processing suitability index,bitter tea was suitable for the manufacturing of black tea;while according to evolutionary indices such as the composition and content of catechin,bitter tea was similar to C.sinensis var.assamica belonging to the relatively primitive type in evolution.The results of cluster analysis indicated that bitter tea was clustered with C.sinensis var.assamica,so it could be considered to belong to C.sinensis var.assamica.展开更多
在“碳达峰•碳中和”国家能源战略变革背景下,大规模可再生能源的加速并网加剧了电力系统对于快速调频资源需求的迫切性,如何充分发挥以电池储能系统(battery energy storage systems,BESS)为代表的新型快速资源在电网调频中的作用是解...在“碳达峰•碳中和”国家能源战略变革背景下,大规模可再生能源的加速并网加剧了电力系统对于快速调频资源需求的迫切性,如何充分发挥以电池储能系统(battery energy storage systems,BESS)为代表的新型快速资源在电网调频中的作用是解决该问题的关键。首先,为满足电网各类型调频资源在自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)系统中的接入监视与分类决策需求,提出“域-群-机”三级控制模型架构;然后,从BESS的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)主动管理出发,提出基于改进的动态调频容量(dynamic available AGC,DAA)的多元集群协同控制策略,以及引入SOC影响因子的多点BESS功率分配策略;最后,结合实际电网的持续扰动工况及模拟跳机扰动工况进行仿真分析,验证了文中所提控制策略的有效性。文中所提策略不但可以显著改善各单点BESS的SOC一致性,而且能够提升电网调频品质。展开更多
虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可聚合多利益主体的分布式资源(distributed energy resources,DER)参与电力市场,以深入挖掘分布式能源的调度潜力,如何考虑各运行主体的协同调度,提高整体收益成为当前亟需解决的重要问题。基于此,...虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可聚合多利益主体的分布式资源(distributed energy resources,DER)参与电力市场,以深入挖掘分布式能源的调度潜力,如何考虑各运行主体的协同调度,提高整体收益成为当前亟需解决的重要问题。基于此,提出了计及风光及市场电价不确定风险和多主体协同的虚拟电厂参与主辅市场联合优化策略。首先,建立电动汽车群体(electric vehicle duster,EVC)的可调度域评估模型,在此基础上考虑VPP与EVC两主体的利益均衡,提出VPP与EVC主从博弈的主能量市场日前竞标模型;其次,考虑电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)快速充放电的特性,进一步提出VPP参与主能量市场和辅助调频市场的日前联合投标模型和VPP实时调整及调频响应模型;最后,在日前联合投标模型中引入条件风险价值(condition value at risk,CVaR),衡量日前投标收益与不确定风险的关系。基于某省电力市场规则进行算例仿真表明,所提VPP优化策略能通过提供调频服务和鼓励EV响应调度提高VPP的综合收益。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No.52107107).
文摘As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant,a multi-virtual power plant(VPP)electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed.Firstly,a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established.The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity,reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation.Secondly,in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation,the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction(UCS)of electricity,heat as well as hydrogen is designed,which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range.Finally,the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using theCPLEX solver.The simulation results showthat the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP,increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51207145)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.NY71-14-035).
文摘The implementation of developing the wind power is an important way to achieve the low-carbon power system.However,the voltage stability issues caused by the random fluctuations of active power output and the irrational regulations of reactive power compensation equipment have become the prominent problems of the regions where large-scale wind power integrated.In view of these problems,this paper proposed an optimal reactive power dispatch(ORPD)strategy of wind power plants cluster(WPPC)considering static voltage stability for lowcarbon power system.The control model of the ORPD strategy was built according to the wind power prediction,the present operation information and the historical operation information.By utilizing the automatic voltage control capability of wind power plants and central substations,the ORPD strategy can achieve differentiated management between the discrete devices and the dynamic devices of the WPPC.Simulation results of an actual WPPC in North China show that the ORPD strategy can improve the voltage control performance of the pilot nodes and coordinate the operation between discrete devices and the dynamic devices,thus maintaining the static voltage stability as well.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31300323)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2014M552515)
文摘The cluster planting pattern （3 plants per hole） for cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） may increase economic yield over those of the traditional planting pattern （1 plant per hole） in arid regions of China. This increase in yield depends on either increased biomass production or greater partitioning to fruit. This study was conducted to determine whether differences in biomass accumulation or partitioning to reproductive growth contributed to higher yield in the cluster planting pattern compared with the traditional one. Growth parameters, biomass accumulation, crop growth rate and partitioning between cluster planting pattern and traditional planting pattern was compared in northwest of China. The biomass production and partitioning in cluster planting plot was higher than in traditional planting one. Biomass accumulation was faster early in the clustered treatment, and it was also higher at harvest time. Total dry matter production per unit area was significantly higher than in the traditional planting. On a per plant basis, dry matter accumulation was faster and total biomass production was significantly higher in the cluster planting pattern. Numbers of sympodia and boll sizes were also larger, indicating that facilitation among plants was promoting crop yield. The increase in yield in the cluster planting treatment occurred through increased partitioning of dry matter to fruits than in the traditional planting pattern, resulting in more bolls and increased lint yield in arid regions.
文摘随着可再生能源渗透率的不断提升,同时面对分散式源-荷-储协调优化需求,虚拟电厂(Virtual Power Plant,VPP)应运而生.但多主体代理的VPP如何协调运行是亟待解决的问题.为此提出了一种考虑双范数约束和纳什议价的多能虚拟电厂集群分布式鲁棒优化策略.首先,针对多能VPP规划运行问题,通过双范数约束构建了多能VPP分布式鲁棒优化模型,其次以交互成本最小化为目标,通过纳什谈判理论来构建议价模型;最后对所提出的三个多能VPP进行算例分析,数据结果表明所提出的优化策略能够在确保各个VPP公平竞争前提下,提升其收益以及VPP集群的整体收益.
基金Supported by the"Study on High Efficiency Machining and Multiple Utilization Technology of Tea Germplasm Resource"of National Science&Technology Supporting Project(2006BAD06B01)"Data Standard of Perennial and Vegetative Propagation Crop Germplasm Resources as a Share Experimental Unit"of National Fundamental Resources Platform of Science&Technology Project(2005DKA21002-08)~~
文摘Bitter tea is a special kind of tea germplasm in China.The major biochemical components of 24 bitter teas and other 8 Camellia sinensis var.sinensis and 8 C.sinensis var.assamica tea germplasms,which were stored in the China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository(CNGHTR),were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that no significant differences of major biochemical components affecting the tea quality were found between bitter tea and common tea.According to the processing suitability index,bitter tea was suitable for the manufacturing of black tea;while according to evolutionary indices such as the composition and content of catechin,bitter tea was similar to C.sinensis var.assamica belonging to the relatively primitive type in evolution.The results of cluster analysis indicated that bitter tea was clustered with C.sinensis var.assamica,so it could be considered to belong to C.sinensis var.assamica.
文摘在“碳达峰•碳中和”国家能源战略变革背景下,大规模可再生能源的加速并网加剧了电力系统对于快速调频资源需求的迫切性,如何充分发挥以电池储能系统(battery energy storage systems,BESS)为代表的新型快速资源在电网调频中的作用是解决该问题的关键。首先,为满足电网各类型调频资源在自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)系统中的接入监视与分类决策需求,提出“域-群-机”三级控制模型架构;然后,从BESS的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)主动管理出发,提出基于改进的动态调频容量(dynamic available AGC,DAA)的多元集群协同控制策略,以及引入SOC影响因子的多点BESS功率分配策略;最后,结合实际电网的持续扰动工况及模拟跳机扰动工况进行仿真分析,验证了文中所提控制策略的有效性。文中所提策略不但可以显著改善各单点BESS的SOC一致性,而且能够提升电网调频品质。
文摘虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可聚合多利益主体的分布式资源(distributed energy resources,DER)参与电力市场,以深入挖掘分布式能源的调度潜力,如何考虑各运行主体的协同调度,提高整体收益成为当前亟需解决的重要问题。基于此,提出了计及风光及市场电价不确定风险和多主体协同的虚拟电厂参与主辅市场联合优化策略。首先,建立电动汽车群体(electric vehicle duster,EVC)的可调度域评估模型,在此基础上考虑VPP与EVC两主体的利益均衡,提出VPP与EVC主从博弈的主能量市场日前竞标模型;其次,考虑电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)快速充放电的特性,进一步提出VPP参与主能量市场和辅助调频市场的日前联合投标模型和VPP实时调整及调频响应模型;最后,在日前联合投标模型中引入条件风险价值(condition value at risk,CVaR),衡量日前投标收益与不确定风险的关系。基于某省电力市场规则进行算例仿真表明,所提VPP优化策略能通过提供调频服务和鼓励EV响应调度提高VPP的综合收益。
