PCBs pollutants are measured on tidal-flat sediments of Yangtze estuary by a high resolution capillary column gas chromatography ( HP6890 ) equipped with an 63Ni electron capture detector ( ECD ). The concentration te...PCBs pollutants are measured on tidal-flat sediments of Yangtze estuary by a high resolution capillary column gas chromatography ( HP6890 ) equipped with an 63Ni electron capture detector ( ECD ). The concentration tendency of PCBs is Phragmites zone > Scirpus zone > bare mudflats. There are linear relations between PCBs and TOC and > 63μm grain size percentage ( in volume ). The low chlorinated congeners may be more important than the high chlorinated congeners in this area. PCBs prefer to accumulate in the sediments near sewage outlets and Phragmites zone. The sediments’ PCBs pollution ( 10.7 ~ 28.6 ng/g, dry weight ) in the Yangtze estuary tidal-flat is less serious than that of the most of other areas in the world .But the detected ratio is 100%, even the Jiuduansha shoal has detected PCBs, so much attention should be paid to this area for PCBs.展开更多
The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from contaminated soil and wood material using the Soxhlet extraction method and supercriti...The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from contaminated soil and wood material using the Soxhlet extraction method and supercritical fluid technology. The sample PCB contents were quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Conventional extractions of PCBs from soil samples showed higher extraction yields for samples with the highest initial PCB levels and longest extraction times. Specific PCBs yielded 74.0% - 78.3% removal using ethanol as the solvent. 91.0% - 94.3% removal of the total PCB content was achieved using hexane as the solvent. Supercritical fluid extraction of soil samples resulted in 50.0% - 70.5% removal for specific PCBs and 57.3% removal of the total PCB content. For wood, the use of Soxhlet extraction resulted in 87.0% - 94.0% removal for specific PCBs and 95.0% - 96.3% removal of the total PCB content. Supercritical fluid extraction of wood samples resulted in 91.1% - 95.0% removal of specific PCBs and 95.1 % of the total PCB content.展开更多
The extracted fish samples (w/w) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were cleaned up by applying different adsorbent materials such as: combination of acidic/ basic silica and alumina, florisil, and silica gel e...The extracted fish samples (w/w) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were cleaned up by applying different adsorbent materials such as: combination of acidic/ basic silica and alumina, florisil, and silica gel either alone or in combination with another sort of sorbent. Different solvents such as hexane (H), dichloromethane (DCM), with different compositions were used to elute the PCBs target compounds from the spiked fish samples. Overall the mean percentage recoveries for all PCBs congeners using PLE were ranging from 78.6% to 98.7%;from 79.4% to 91.8%;from 65.8% to 104.5% and from 82.4% to 100.9% for cases A, B, C, D and E, respectively. However, the overall mean percentage recoveries for the 13C-PCBs surrogate including: 101, 138, 153, 180 and 209 were ranging from 88.2% to 97.6%;from 79.4% to 90.2%, from 88.3% to 96.4%, from 79.8% to 90.4% and from 83.9% to 95.9%, for cases A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The limits of detection of the proposed method were varied from 0.01 to 0.28 ng/g (w/w) for different PCBs congeners. The proposed method has linear dynamic range from 21.5 ng/g to 109 ng/g. This method was applied to fish samples for the determination of the target PCBs components.展开更多
A method was developed for determination of 7 indictors the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues in porphyra by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD). The PCBs were extracted with hexane/me...A method was developed for determination of 7 indictors the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues in porphyra by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD). The PCBs were extracted with hexane/methylene chloride (1:1, v/v) by ultrasonic extraction and the samples were cleaned up by concentrated sulfuric acid and Alumina-N solid phase extraction cartridge. The analytes were quantified by an internal standard method. Under optimal experimental conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 5 - 200 ng/mL and the correlation coefficients were 0.9994 - 0.9998. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for target analytes ranged from 6.0 to 10.0 μg/kg. At the spiked levels of 10, 50, 100 μg/kg, the average recoveries ranged from 90.9% to 102% with the relative standard deviations 2.12% - 6.32%. The result showed that the proposed method was rapid, and could be used for the determination of the PCBs in porphyra.展开更多
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been measured in sewage sludge samples from 8 urban wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. The PCB congeners were analyzed by isotope dilution high resol...Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been measured in sewage sludge samples from 8 urban wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. The PCB congeners were analyzed by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method. The concentration of PCBs ranged from 65.6 to 157 ng/g dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 101 ng/g dw. The dioxin-like PCB WHO-TEQs (World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalents) of the sludge were lower than 1 pg /g dw. Consequently, all the concentrations of PCBs in sludge samples were below the upper limit for land application according to the Chinese legislation law for agriculture use. The PCB homologue profiles in sludge samples were dominated by tri-CBs and tetra- CBs. Similar distributions have been found in one of the Chinese PCB commercial products. The patterns of dioxin-like and indicator congeners observed in this study were quite similar in all samples. The predominant congener for dioxin-like and indicator PCBs were PCB-118 and PCB-28, respectively, while PCB-126 had the highest TEQ value.展开更多
PM2.5,total suspended particles(TSP) and gas phase samples were collected at two sites of Taizhou,a major e-waste dismantling area in China.Concentrations,seasonal variations,congener profiles,gas-particle partitionin...PM2.5,total suspended particles(TSP) and gas phase samples were collected at two sites of Taizhou,a major e-waste dismantling area in China.Concentrations,seasonal variations,congener profiles,gas-particle partitioning and size distribution of the atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were studied to assess the current state of atmospheric PCBs after the phase out of massive historical dismantling of PCBs containing e-wastes.The average 38PCBs concentration in the ambient air(TSP plus gas phase) near the e-waste dismantling area was(12,407 ± 9592) pg/m3 in winter,which was substantially lower than that found one decade ago.However,the atmospheric PCBs level near the e-waste dismantling area was 54 times of the reference urban site,indicating that the impact of the historical dismantling of PCBs containing e-wastes was still significant.Tri-Penta-CBs were dominant homologues,consisting with their dominant global production.Size distribution of particle-bound PCBs showed that higher chlorinated CBs tended to partition more to the fine particles,facilitating its long range air transportation.展开更多
In view of the accumulation of nanoplastics(NPs)in the food chain of environment and animals,and the good adsorption properties of nano-plastics to toxic substances,it is necessary to explore the influence of NPs in l...In view of the accumulation of nanoplastics(NPs)in the food chain of environment and animals,and the good adsorption properties of nano-plastics to toxic substances,it is necessary to explore the influence of NPs in living organisms.In this study,single and joint toxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS-NPs,size 80 nm)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),were explored in freshwater aquatic animal model zebrafish(Danio rerio).Our study found that exposure to single PS-NPs induced mild acute toxicity,albeit the combined exposure of PS-NPs and polychlorinated biphenyls aggravated the toxicity of PCBs in a dose-dependent manner.Results from gene expression profiling showed that NPs exposure could activate detoxification process,resulting in a slight up-regulation of antioxidant genes(sod1,gstp1),bone development genes(bmp2,bmp4)and cardiac gene(tbx20);while PCBs suppressed the detoxification through down-regulation of these genes,and the addition of NPs will exacerbate the impact of PCBs on gene suppression.Importantly,the results of in vivo purification experiments found that NPs showed prolonged retention in liver,intestine and gills of zebrafish and they might have crossed biological barrier and accumulate in lipid-rich tissues and excretion does not appear as the significant pathway for their elimination.In conclusion,the toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on chorionic protected embryos were not significant as zebrafish chorion plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pollutants;PCBs can seriously damage the bone and heart development of zebrafish,while the presence of NPs significantly enhanced the toxicity of PCBs in zebrafish,which is an alarming concern for growing NPs levels and ecological safety in aquatic environment.展开更多
The effects ofpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on reproduction of adult cocks were studied by gavaging peanut oil or PCBs (Aroclor 1254, 50 mg/kg) once a week for six consecutive weeks. Physiological parameters were r...The effects ofpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on reproduction of adult cocks were studied by gavaging peanut oil or PCBs (Aroclor 1254, 50 mg/kg) once a week for six consecutive weeks. Physiological parameters were recorded and gonads were removed at the end of experiment for histological examination. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the control and treatment group in body weight, respiration rate, heart rate, body temperature, and the numbers of red and white blood cells. However, there was a marked decrease in the testicular weight and serum testosterone level after PCB treatment. Morphological studies manifested severe damage of the seminiferous tubules by PCB. The number of the germ cells at the different developmental stages was decreased and condensed nuclei were observed in most of these cells. This study revealed that the reproductive function of the adult cocks is sensitive to PCBs, which inhibited mainly spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion.展开更多
Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls (HO-PCBs) are the metabolite of polychlorinated biphenyls and have drawn much attention because they have hazard on human health and ecosystems. Molecular connectivity index calc...Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls (HO-PCBs) are the metabolite of polychlorinated biphenyls and have drawn much attention because they have hazard on human health and ecosystems. Molecular connectivity index calculation has been performed for 19 HO-PCB compounds. A number of statistically based parameters have been extracted. Linear relationship between chromatographic retention index (RI) and the molecular connectivity index of 15 compounds in the training set has been established by multiple linear regression method. The other 4 HO-PCBs are used as the external test set. The result shows that the parameters can be well used to express the quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) of HO-PCBs. Good stability and predictive ability have been demonstrated by leave-one-out cross-validation and the external test set.展开更多
Although polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are globally recognized pollutant, an understanding of their resources as by products in chemical industry is poorly investigated. This paper presents data from a study that wa...Although polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are globally recognized pollutant, an understanding of their resources as by products in chemical industry is poorly investigated. This paper presents data from a study that was conducted in order to determine the extent of PCBs in 1,4 dichlorobenzene( p DCB) mothballs. Total PCBs and dioxin like PCBs were detected in five mothball samples. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 328 ng/g to 1798 ng/g, while the levels of WHO TEQ were between 0 16 pg/g and 13 pg/g. Mean concentrations of total PCBs and WHO TEQ in the samples were 724 ng/g and 3.2 pg/g, respectively. The highest level of PCB congeners was that of trichlorinated biphenyls(537 ng/g), which maybe due to the relatively low chlorination in the process of p DCB production. A mechanism of the formation of PCBs from polychlorinated benzene in the presence of chlorine is also suggested. The results suggested that re estimation on the risk of p DCB products, especially the products for daily use such as mothballs, is expected.展开更多
The attenuating effect of daidzein (DAI) on oxidative toxicity induced by Aroclor 1254 (A1254) was investigated in mouse testicular cells. Cells were exposed to A1254 alone or with DAI. The oxidative damage was estima...The attenuating effect of daidzein (DAI) on oxidative toxicity induced by Aroclor 1254 (A1254) was investigated in mouse testicular cells. Cells were exposed to A1254 alone or with DAI. The oxidative damage was estimated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content. Results show that A1254 induced a decrease of germ cell number, an elevation in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) but a decrease in SOD activity and GSH content. However, simultaneous supplementation with DAI decreased TBARS level and increased SOD activity and GSH content. Consequently, dietary DAI may restore the intracellular antioxidant system to attenuate the oxidative toxicity of A1254 in testicular cells.展开更多
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) exist in all compartments of the ecosystem due to wide industrial applications and production during burning processes. The PCBs congeners were quantified in the industrial, municipal ...Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) exist in all compartments of the ecosystem due to wide industrial applications and production during burning processes. The PCBs congeners were quantified in the industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes of the most industrialized area of the country, Raipur city, India. The concentration of ΣPCBs in the sludge, sewage and agriculture wastes (n = 4) was ranged from 497 - 800 μg/kg with mean value of 634 ± 146 μg/kg. The PCBs congeners detected in the waste materials were ranged from 56 - 85 with mean value of 75 ± 13. The highest number of congeners was quantified in the sludge materials due to the existence of the heavy PCBs. The PCBs congeners were found to decrease vertically due to the adsorption by the geo-media. The distribution, sources and toxicities of PCBs congeners in the waste materials are discussed.展开更多
Using the molecular electronegativity distance vector descriptors derived directly from the molecular topological structures,the aqueous solubilities of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were predicted.A three-variable r...Using the molecular electronegativity distance vector descriptors derived directly from the molecular topological structures,the aqueous solubilities of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were predicted.A three-variable regression equation with correlation coefficient of 0.9739 and the root mean square errors of 0.26 was developed.The descriptors included in the equation represent three interactions between three pairs of atomic types,i.e.,atom-C=and>C=,-C=and -C1,and -C1 and -C1.It has been proved that the aqueous solubilities of 137 PCB congeners can be accurately predicted as long as there are more than 65 calibration compounds.展开更多
One of the most commonly used non-invasive methods for assessing human exposure to pollution is the analysis of human milk.Human milk analyses help estimate the exposure of infants[1].This is why breast milk is receiv...One of the most commonly used non-invasive methods for assessing human exposure to pollution is the analysis of human milk.Human milk analyses help estimate the exposure of infants[1].This is why breast milk is receives scientific interest,and various methods for determining different pollutants from the environment are being developed[2,3].展开更多
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners were measured in (unwashed) whole-body field (deer) mice (Peromyscus maniculaltus) collected directly upgradient from a sediment retention structure (weir) within Los Alamos C...Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners were measured in (unwashed) whole-body field (deer) mice (Peromyscus maniculaltus) collected directly upgradient from a sediment retention structure (weir) within Los Alamos Canyon (LAC), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), New Mexico, USA, from 2007 through 2013. Samples were also collected approximately 8 km downgradient of the retention structure in 2009 and 2013. LAC, a major drainage that crosses LANL lands, contains legacy waste, including PCBs, and occasionally discharges storm water and snowmelt flows to the Rio Grande approximately 8.8 km away from the weir. The Rio Grande is the major waterway that flows southward across the state. The weir was constructed across the channel on the northeastern boundary of LANL in late 2000 to help contain sediments mobilized by floodwaters as a result of a large wildfire in early 2000 that burned forest lands west and adjacent to LANL. Total PCBs in field mice directly upgradient of the sediment retention structure from 2007 through 2012 were significantly greater (p 0.05) than in field mice collected from background locations but decreased in concentration over time;by 2013 the levels were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to background. The highest mean total PCB concentration in field mice was below the levels that may negatively impact field mice population attributes. Total PCBs in field mice collected 8 km below the sediment retention structure in 2009 were lower than field mice collected from behind the weir and decreased over time;also by 2013, the amount of PCBs in field mice 8 km below the sediment retention structure were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from background. The rank order of concentrations of ICES 7 PCB congeners in upgradient and downgradient field mice were: No. 153 > 180 > 138 > 118 > 28 > 101 > 52 and No. 153 > 180 > 138 > 52 > 101 > 118 > 28, respectively. Based on the PCB homolog distribution, the major formulation detected in field mice was Aroclor-1260. Overall, the reduction of PCBs in whole-body field mice from both sites over time was attributed, in part, to sediment control practices.展开更多
The bioaccumulation of ten polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) congeners was investigated within different tissues in three prawns(Penaeusorientalis Kishinouce,Laomedia astacina de Haan and P enaeus vannamei Boone) and one ...The bioaccumulation of ten polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) congeners was investigated within different tissues in three prawns(Penaeusorientalis Kishinouce,Laomedia astacina de Haan and P enaeus vannamei Boone) and one mud crab(Scylla serrata Forsskal) from mixed-aquaculture ponds in Taizhou in April 2007.The average concentrations(wet mass) of PCBs in muscle,head,and rind tissues for mean among these prawn species were 7.04,21.16,and 11.47 ng/g,respectively.The average concentrations of PCBs in muscle,branchia,and spawn in Scylla serrata were 6.49,21.13,and 19.76 ng/g,respectively.The concentrations of CB28 were the highest in prawn tissues(2.40 ng/g),and accounted for 18.60% of PCBs.The concentration of CB52 was the lowest.The application of principal component analysis(PCA) for the estimation of PCB sources of contamination resulted in first component main contributions of CB101,CB153 and CB28 in the muscle,head,and rind in combined prawn samples,respectively.The enrichment level of PCBs for different tissues varied greatly.The accumulation coefficient of PCBs in prawn muscle,head,and rind tissues were 396.35,1 191.79,and 645.91,respectively.For the Scylla serrata,the accumulation coefficients were 365.81,1 190.50,and 1 113.31 for muscle,branchia,and spawn tissues,respectively.For prawns,the accumulation coefficient of CB153 was the highest in muscle tissues,while CB155 had the highest coefficients in the head and rind tissues.The CB155 coefficient was the highest in spawn tissues of the mud crab.展开更多
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is a kind of persistent and dangerous environmental pollutants. This paper presented the research result of sonochemical degradation of 2-chloro- biphenyl (2-CBP), 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CB...Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is a kind of persistent and dangerous environmental pollutants. This paper presented the research result of sonochemical degradation of 2-chloro- biphenyl (2-CBP), 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CBP) and 4,4-dichlorobiphenyl (4,4-CBP)in water. The ultrasonic degradation kinetics of 2-CBP, 4-CBP and 4,4-CBP in water were found to be first-order and the degradation rate coefficients are 3.69?0-2, 3.19?0-2 and 2.06?0-2 at 25?C for 2-CBP, 4-CBP and 4,4-CBP respectively. The influence of initial concentrations, reaction temperature on the ultrasonic decomposition of 2-CBP were also investigated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (No.49871068 and No.40131020)
文摘PCBs pollutants are measured on tidal-flat sediments of Yangtze estuary by a high resolution capillary column gas chromatography ( HP6890 ) equipped with an 63Ni electron capture detector ( ECD ). The concentration tendency of PCBs is Phragmites zone > Scirpus zone > bare mudflats. There are linear relations between PCBs and TOC and > 63μm grain size percentage ( in volume ). The low chlorinated congeners may be more important than the high chlorinated congeners in this area. PCBs prefer to accumulate in the sediments near sewage outlets and Phragmites zone. The sediments’ PCBs pollution ( 10.7 ~ 28.6 ng/g, dry weight ) in the Yangtze estuary tidal-flat is less serious than that of the most of other areas in the world .But the detected ratio is 100%, even the Jiuduansha shoal has detected PCBs, so much attention should be paid to this area for PCBs.
基金The authors are grateful to Cepema-USP for laboratory support and Capes(Procad:213055)for financial support.D.J.Silva also thanks Capes for MS assistance.
文摘The objective of this study was to develop an experimental methodology for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from contaminated soil and wood material using the Soxhlet extraction method and supercritical fluid technology. The sample PCB contents were quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Conventional extractions of PCBs from soil samples showed higher extraction yields for samples with the highest initial PCB levels and longest extraction times. Specific PCBs yielded 74.0% - 78.3% removal using ethanol as the solvent. 91.0% - 94.3% removal of the total PCB content was achieved using hexane as the solvent. Supercritical fluid extraction of soil samples resulted in 50.0% - 70.5% removal for specific PCBs and 57.3% removal of the total PCB content. For wood, the use of Soxhlet extraction resulted in 87.0% - 94.0% removal for specific PCBs and 95.0% - 96.3% removal of the total PCB content. Supercritical fluid extraction of wood samples resulted in 91.1% - 95.0% removal of specific PCBs and 95.1 % of the total PCB content.
文摘The extracted fish samples (w/w) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were cleaned up by applying different adsorbent materials such as: combination of acidic/ basic silica and alumina, florisil, and silica gel either alone or in combination with another sort of sorbent. Different solvents such as hexane (H), dichloromethane (DCM), with different compositions were used to elute the PCBs target compounds from the spiked fish samples. Overall the mean percentage recoveries for all PCBs congeners using PLE were ranging from 78.6% to 98.7%;from 79.4% to 91.8%;from 65.8% to 104.5% and from 82.4% to 100.9% for cases A, B, C, D and E, respectively. However, the overall mean percentage recoveries for the 13C-PCBs surrogate including: 101, 138, 153, 180 and 209 were ranging from 88.2% to 97.6%;from 79.4% to 90.2%, from 88.3% to 96.4%, from 79.8% to 90.4% and from 83.9% to 95.9%, for cases A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The limits of detection of the proposed method were varied from 0.01 to 0.28 ng/g (w/w) for different PCBs congeners. The proposed method has linear dynamic range from 21.5 ng/g to 109 ng/g. This method was applied to fish samples for the determination of the target PCBs components.
文摘A method was developed for determination of 7 indictors the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues in porphyra by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD). The PCBs were extracted with hexane/methylene chloride (1:1, v/v) by ultrasonic extraction and the samples were cleaned up by concentrated sulfuric acid and Alumina-N solid phase extraction cartridge. The analytes were quantified by an internal standard method. Under optimal experimental conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 5 - 200 ng/mL and the correlation coefficients were 0.9994 - 0.9998. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for target analytes ranged from 6.0 to 10.0 μg/kg. At the spiked levels of 10, 50, 100 μg/kg, the average recoveries ranged from 90.9% to 102% with the relative standard deviations 2.12% - 6.32%. The result showed that the proposed method was rapid, and could be used for the determination of the PCBs in porphyra.
基金supported by the Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-420)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2009CB421606)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20621703)
文摘Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been measured in sewage sludge samples from 8 urban wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. The PCB congeners were analyzed by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method. The concentration of PCBs ranged from 65.6 to 157 ng/g dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 101 ng/g dw. The dioxin-like PCB WHO-TEQs (World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalents) of the sludge were lower than 1 pg /g dw. Consequently, all the concentrations of PCBs in sludge samples were below the upper limit for land application according to the Chinese legislation law for agriculture use. The PCB homologue profiles in sludge samples were dominated by tri-CBs and tetra- CBs. Similar distributions have been found in one of the Chinese PCB commercial products. The patterns of dioxin-like and indicator congeners observed in this study were quite similar in all samples. The predominant congener for dioxin-like and indicator PCBs were PCB-118 and PCB-28, respectively, while PCB-126 had the highest TEQ value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40775084)the Shanghai Leading Academic Disciplines (No.S030109)
文摘PM2.5,total suspended particles(TSP) and gas phase samples were collected at two sites of Taizhou,a major e-waste dismantling area in China.Concentrations,seasonal variations,congener profiles,gas-particle partitioning and size distribution of the atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were studied to assess the current state of atmospheric PCBs after the phase out of massive historical dismantling of PCBs containing e-wastes.The average 38PCBs concentration in the ambient air(TSP plus gas phase) near the e-waste dismantling area was(12,407 ± 9592) pg/m3 in winter,which was substantially lower than that found one decade ago.However,the atmospheric PCBs level near the e-waste dismantling area was 54 times of the reference urban site,indicating that the impact of the historical dismantling of PCBs containing e-wastes was still significant.Tri-Penta-CBs were dominant homologues,consisting with their dominant global production.Size distribution of particle-bound PCBs showed that higher chlorinated CBs tended to partition more to the fine particles,facilitating its long range air transportation.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42077364)Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme 2018+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFD0900604)Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (Grant No. 311021006)Key Research Projects of Universities in Guangdong Province (Grant Nos. 2019KZDXM003 and 2020KZDZX1040)
文摘In view of the accumulation of nanoplastics(NPs)in the food chain of environment and animals,and the good adsorption properties of nano-plastics to toxic substances,it is necessary to explore the influence of NPs in living organisms.In this study,single and joint toxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS-NPs,size 80 nm)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),were explored in freshwater aquatic animal model zebrafish(Danio rerio).Our study found that exposure to single PS-NPs induced mild acute toxicity,albeit the combined exposure of PS-NPs and polychlorinated biphenyls aggravated the toxicity of PCBs in a dose-dependent manner.Results from gene expression profiling showed that NPs exposure could activate detoxification process,resulting in a slight up-regulation of antioxidant genes(sod1,gstp1),bone development genes(bmp2,bmp4)and cardiac gene(tbx20);while PCBs suppressed the detoxification through down-regulation of these genes,and the addition of NPs will exacerbate the impact of PCBs on gene suppression.Importantly,the results of in vivo purification experiments found that NPs showed prolonged retention in liver,intestine and gills of zebrafish and they might have crossed biological barrier and accumulate in lipid-rich tissues and excretion does not appear as the significant pathway for their elimination.In conclusion,the toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on chorionic protected embryos were not significant as zebrafish chorion plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pollutants;PCBs can seriously damage the bone and heart development of zebrafish,while the presence of NPs significantly enhanced the toxicity of PCBs in zebrafish,which is an alarming concern for growing NPs levels and ecological safety in aquatic environment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970535) and Zhejiang (No. 302352) and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 8000001) China
文摘The effects ofpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on reproduction of adult cocks were studied by gavaging peanut oil or PCBs (Aroclor 1254, 50 mg/kg) once a week for six consecutive weeks. Physiological parameters were recorded and gonads were removed at the end of experiment for histological examination. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the control and treatment group in body weight, respiration rate, heart rate, body temperature, and the numbers of red and white blood cells. However, there was a marked decrease in the testicular weight and serum testosterone level after PCB treatment. Morphological studies manifested severe damage of the seminiferous tubules by PCB. The number of the germ cells at the different developmental stages was decreased and condensed nuclei were observed in most of these cells. This study revealed that the reproductive function of the adult cocks is sensitive to PCBs, which inhibited mainly spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY12B07013 LY12C03009+1 种基金 Y5090304)State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KF2011-19)
文摘Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls (HO-PCBs) are the metabolite of polychlorinated biphenyls and have drawn much attention because they have hazard on human health and ecosystems. Molecular connectivity index calculation has been performed for 19 HO-PCB compounds. A number of statistically based parameters have been extracted. Linear relationship between chromatographic retention index (RI) and the molecular connectivity index of 15 compounds in the training set has been established by multiple linear regression method. The other 4 HO-PCBs are used as the external test set. The result shows that the parameters can be well used to express the quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) of HO-PCBs. Good stability and predictive ability have been demonstrated by leave-one-out cross-validation and the external test set.
文摘Although polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are globally recognized pollutant, an understanding of their resources as by products in chemical industry is poorly investigated. This paper presents data from a study that was conducted in order to determine the extent of PCBs in 1,4 dichlorobenzene( p DCB) mothballs. Total PCBs and dioxin like PCBs were detected in five mothball samples. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 328 ng/g to 1798 ng/g, while the levels of WHO TEQ were between 0 16 pg/g and 13 pg/g. Mean concentrations of total PCBs and WHO TEQ in the samples were 724 ng/g and 3.2 pg/g, respectively. The highest level of PCB congeners was that of trichlorinated biphenyls(537 ng/g), which maybe due to the relatively low chlorination in the process of p DCB production. A mechanism of the formation of PCBs from polychlorinated benzene in the presence of chlorine is also suggested. The results suggested that re estimation on the risk of p DCB products, especially the products for daily use such as mothballs, is expected.
基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talentsin University of the Ministry of Education of China (No. NCET-05-0514)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No. 20060400325)
文摘The attenuating effect of daidzein (DAI) on oxidative toxicity induced by Aroclor 1254 (A1254) was investigated in mouse testicular cells. Cells were exposed to A1254 alone or with DAI. The oxidative damage was estimated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content. Results show that A1254 induced a decrease of germ cell number, an elevation in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) but a decrease in SOD activity and GSH content. However, simultaneous supplementation with DAI decreased TBARS level and increased SOD activity and GSH content. Consequently, dietary DAI may restore the intracellular antioxidant system to attenuate the oxidative toxicity of A1254 in testicular cells.
文摘Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) exist in all compartments of the ecosystem due to wide industrial applications and production during burning processes. The PCBs congeners were quantified in the industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes of the most industrialized area of the country, Raipur city, India. The concentration of ΣPCBs in the sludge, sewage and agriculture wastes (n = 4) was ranged from 497 - 800 μg/kg with mean value of 634 ± 146 μg/kg. The PCBs congeners detected in the waste materials were ranged from 56 - 85 with mean value of 75 ± 13. The highest number of congeners was quantified in the sludge materials due to the existence of the heavy PCBs. The PCBs congeners were found to decrease vertically due to the adsorption by the geo-media. The distribution, sources and toxicities of PCBs congeners in the waste materials are discussed.
文摘Using the molecular electronegativity distance vector descriptors derived directly from the molecular topological structures,the aqueous solubilities of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were predicted.A three-variable regression equation with correlation coefficient of 0.9739 and the root mean square errors of 0.26 was developed.The descriptors included in the equation represent three interactions between three pairs of atomic types,i.e.,atom-C=and>C=,-C=and -C1,and -C1 and -C1.It has been proved that the aqueous solubilities of 137 PCB congeners can be accurately predicted as long as there are more than 65 calibration compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20677008)The Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20060255004)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.B604).
基金supported by the Bilateral Scientific-research Project between the Republic of Croatia and Serbia 2019-2020[337-00-205/2019-09/22]Croatian Science Foundation[Project OPENTOX,No.8366]the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia[Project No.III43007].
文摘One of the most commonly used non-invasive methods for assessing human exposure to pollution is the analysis of human milk.Human milk analyses help estimate the exposure of infants[1].This is why breast milk is receives scientific interest,and various methods for determining different pollutants from the environment are being developed[2,3].
文摘Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners were measured in (unwashed) whole-body field (deer) mice (Peromyscus maniculaltus) collected directly upgradient from a sediment retention structure (weir) within Los Alamos Canyon (LAC), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), New Mexico, USA, from 2007 through 2013. Samples were also collected approximately 8 km downgradient of the retention structure in 2009 and 2013. LAC, a major drainage that crosses LANL lands, contains legacy waste, including PCBs, and occasionally discharges storm water and snowmelt flows to the Rio Grande approximately 8.8 km away from the weir. The Rio Grande is the major waterway that flows southward across the state. The weir was constructed across the channel on the northeastern boundary of LANL in late 2000 to help contain sediments mobilized by floodwaters as a result of a large wildfire in early 2000 that burned forest lands west and adjacent to LANL. Total PCBs in field mice directly upgradient of the sediment retention structure from 2007 through 2012 were significantly greater (p 0.05) than in field mice collected from background locations but decreased in concentration over time;by 2013 the levels were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to background. The highest mean total PCB concentration in field mice was below the levels that may negatively impact field mice population attributes. Total PCBs in field mice collected 8 km below the sediment retention structure in 2009 were lower than field mice collected from behind the weir and decreased over time;also by 2013, the amount of PCBs in field mice 8 km below the sediment retention structure were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from background. The rank order of concentrations of ICES 7 PCB congeners in upgradient and downgradient field mice were: No. 153 > 180 > 138 > 118 > 28 > 101 > 52 and No. 153 > 180 > 138 > 52 > 101 > 118 > 28, respectively. Based on the PCB homolog distribution, the major formulation detected in field mice was Aroclor-1260. Overall, the reduction of PCBs in whole-body field mice from both sites over time was attributed, in part, to sediment control practices.
基金The Wenling Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province under contract No.2007-35
文摘The bioaccumulation of ten polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) congeners was investigated within different tissues in three prawns(Penaeusorientalis Kishinouce,Laomedia astacina de Haan and P enaeus vannamei Boone) and one mud crab(Scylla serrata Forsskal) from mixed-aquaculture ponds in Taizhou in April 2007.The average concentrations(wet mass) of PCBs in muscle,head,and rind tissues for mean among these prawn species were 7.04,21.16,and 11.47 ng/g,respectively.The average concentrations of PCBs in muscle,branchia,and spawn in Scylla serrata were 6.49,21.13,and 19.76 ng/g,respectively.The concentrations of CB28 were the highest in prawn tissues(2.40 ng/g),and accounted for 18.60% of PCBs.The concentration of CB52 was the lowest.The application of principal component analysis(PCA) for the estimation of PCB sources of contamination resulted in first component main contributions of CB101,CB153 and CB28 in the muscle,head,and rind in combined prawn samples,respectively.The enrichment level of PCBs for different tissues varied greatly.The accumulation coefficient of PCBs in prawn muscle,head,and rind tissues were 396.35,1 191.79,and 645.91,respectively.For the Scylla serrata,the accumulation coefficients were 365.81,1 190.50,and 1 113.31 for muscle,branchia,and spawn tissues,respectively.For prawns,the accumulation coefficient of CB153 was the highest in muscle tissues,while CB155 had the highest coefficients in the head and rind tissues.The CB155 coefficient was the highest in spawn tissues of the mud crab.
基金financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. Y98B03022) and the Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education(No. GG-630-11944-1006).
文摘Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is a kind of persistent and dangerous environmental pollutants. This paper presented the research result of sonochemical degradation of 2-chloro- biphenyl (2-CBP), 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CBP) and 4,4-dichlorobiphenyl (4,4-CBP)in water. The ultrasonic degradation kinetics of 2-CBP, 4-CBP and 4,4-CBP in water were found to be first-order and the degradation rate coefficients are 3.69?0-2, 3.19?0-2 and 2.06?0-2 at 25?C for 2-CBP, 4-CBP and 4,4-CBP respectively. The influence of initial concentrations, reaction temperature on the ultrasonic decomposition of 2-CBP were also investigated.
