Uemura [1] discovered a mapping formula that transforms and maps the state of nature into fuzzy events with a membership function that expresses the degree of attribution. In decision theory in no-data problems, seque...Uemura [1] discovered a mapping formula that transforms and maps the state of nature into fuzzy events with a membership function that expresses the degree of attribution. In decision theory in no-data problems, sequential Bayesian inference is an example of this mapping formula, and Hori et al. [2] made the mapping formula multidimensional, introduced the concept of time, to Markov (decision) processes in fuzzy events under ergodic conditions, and derived stochastic differential equations in fuzzy events, although in reverse. In this paper, we focus on type 2 fuzzy. First, assuming that Type 2 Fuzzy Events are transformed and mapped onto the state of nature by a quadratic mapping formula that simultaneously considers longitudinal and transverse ambiguity, the joint stochastic differential equation representing these two ambiguities can be applied to possibility principal factor analysis if the weights of the equations are orthogonal. This indicates that the type 2 fuzzy is a two-dimensional possibility multivariate error model with longitudinal and transverse directions. Also, when the weights are oblique, it is a general possibility oblique factor analysis. Therefore, an example of type 2 fuzzy system theory is the possibility factor analysis. Furthermore, we show the initial and stopping condition on possibility factor rotation, on the base of possibility theory.展开更多
Uemura [1] discovered the mapping formula for Type 1 Vague events and presented an alternative problem as an example of its application. Since it is well known that the alternative problem leads to sequential Bayesian...Uemura [1] discovered the mapping formula for Type 1 Vague events and presented an alternative problem as an example of its application. Since it is well known that the alternative problem leads to sequential Bayesian inference, the flow of subsequent research was to make the mapping formula multidimensional, to introduce the concept of time, and to derive a Markov (decision) process. Furthermore, we formulated stochastic differential equations to derive them [2]. This paper refers to type 2 vague events based on a second-order mapping equation. This quadratic mapping formula gives a certain rotation named as possibility principal factor rotation by transforming a non-mapping function by a relation between two mapping functions. In addition, the derivation of the Type 2 Complex Markov process and the initial and stopping conditions in this rotation are mentioned. .展开更多
Since the welded constructions produce easily stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or fatigue dis- ruption in corrosive medium or under ripple load, two methods inducing compressive stress on structural surfaces by anti-we...Since the welded constructions produce easily stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or fatigue dis- ruption in corrosive medium or under ripple load, two methods inducing compressive stress on structural surfaces by anti-welding-heating treatment (AWHT) and explosion treatment (ET) are presented. The results show that they are good ways to resisting SCC on the welded 55400 steel or other components.展开更多
To the editor,Ebola virus infection is the new deadly viral infection that is presently problematic in many countries in Africa.The prevention of this disease seems to be difficult and the rapid distribution of diseas...To the editor,Ebola virus infection is the new deadly viral infection that is presently problematic in many countries in Africa.The prevention of this disease seems to be difficult and the rapid distribution of disease becomes the important issue for further discussion.As noted by Muyembe-Tamfum et al.[1],one of the major disease control measures is the distribution of protective equipment to health care workers.Gloves are important protective展开更多
The containerized traffic has come into being for over forty years and has become the most important mode of sea transportation. Although containerized traffic trade has been developed in port cities of Dalian, Yingko...The containerized traffic has come into being for over forty years and has become the most important mode of sea transportation. Although containerized traffic trade has been developed in port cities of Dalian, Yingkou, Dandong and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, yet their development sped are obviously slower than the entire national development pace. In the article, the authors make a systematic study on the current situation and the potential developmental possibility of containerized traffic in Liaoning Province. It is held that the relative low proportion of the supply of goods in hinterland is relative low which will restrict directly the development potentiality of the container harbors in Liaoning. Three countermeasures of the containerized traffic development were given accordingly.展开更多
After the publication of Wang et al.(2020),we realized that there were some inappropriate statements in the content.Hereby,we correct them and apologize for any confusion this may have caused.
The iconic image of a giant radiating dyke swarm subsequently fragmented into three pieces via supercontinental breakup was produced by Paul May in1971(see next page).That figure presented a large part
This paper considers two-level integer programming problems involving random fuzzy variables with cooperative behavior of the decision makers. Considering the probabilities that the decision makers’ objective functio...This paper considers two-level integer programming problems involving random fuzzy variables with cooperative behavior of the decision makers. Considering the probabilities that the decision makers’ objective function values are smaller than or equal to target variables, fuzzy goals of the decision makers are introduced. Using the fractile criteria to optimize the target variables under the condition that the degrees of possibility with respect to the attained probabilities are greater than or equal to certain permissible levels, the original random fuzzy two-level integer programming problems are reduced to deterministic ones. Through the introduction of genetic algorithms with double strings for nonlinear integer programming problems, interactive fuzzy programming to derive a satisfactory solution for the decision maker at the upper level in consideration of the cooperative relation between decision makers is presented. An illustrative numerical example demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
This study presented a multi-objective linear fractional inventory (LFI) problem with generalised intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. In modelling, the authors have assumed the ambiances where generalised trapezoidal intuit...This study presented a multi-objective linear fractional inventory (LFI) problem with generalised intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. In modelling, the authors have assumed the ambiances where generalised trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (GTIFNs) used to handle the uncertain information in the data. Then, the given multi-objective generalised intuitionistic fuzzy LFI model was transformed into its equivalent deterministic linear fractional programming problem by employing the possibility and necessity measures. Finally, the applicability of the model is demonstrated with a numerical example and the sensitivity analysis under several parameters is investigated to explore the study.展开更多
In this paper we introduce the concept of possibility fuzzy soft expert set .We also define its basic operations, namely complement, union, intersection, AND and OR, and study some of their properties. Finally, we giv...In this paper we introduce the concept of possibility fuzzy soft expert set .We also define its basic operations, namely complement, union, intersection, AND and OR, and study some of their properties. Finally, we give an application of this theory in solving a decision making problem.展开更多
In recent decades,people has gradually focused on creativity especially in education and society.Through teaching activities,students may be able to use possibility thinking in their classes for developing creativity....In recent decades,people has gradually focused on creativity especially in education and society.Through teaching activities,students may be able to use possibility thinking in their classes for developing creativity.Hence,it is important that understanding how teachers can develop children’s creativity by supporting possibility thinking.As a dance teacher,I am looking forward to bringing this knowledge into my teaching.Through a theoretical analysis and experiential combination,this paper aims to explore how teachers can cultivate children’s creativity by facilitating possibility thinking.展开更多
In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the...In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the basis of semantic analysis and their interrelationships and expressions are discussed. Then it is further argued that all figures formed due to shift of cognitive relation are expressed to accept an impossible feature; and there are four semantic forms to accept it: “zero distance/distanced”, “implicit/explicit”, “direct/indirect”, “positive/negative”. Finally, starting from the two approaches to figures we comment on the traditional idea of separating decoration and substance and the new idea of “function as form”.展开更多
It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, whe...It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, where two states of nature are existing upon us. Any system is regarded as the two-dimensional variable error model. On the other hand, we consider that the fuzziness is existing in this system. Though we can usually obtain the fuzzy number from the possibility theory, it is not fuzzy but possibility, because the possibility function is as same as the likelihood function, and we can obtain the possibility measure by the maximal likelihood method (i.e. max product method proposed by Dr. Hideo Tanaka). Therefore, Fuzzy is regarded as the only one case according to Vague, which has both some state of nature in this world and another state of nature in the other world. Here, we can consider that Type 1 Vague Event in other world can be obtained by mapping and translating from Type 1 fuzzy Event in this world. We named this estimation as Type 1 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. When the Vague Events were abnormal (ex. under War), we need to consider that another world could exist around other world. In this case, we call it Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. Where Hori et al. constructed the stochastic different equation upon Type 1 Vague Events, along with the general following probabilistic introduction method from the single regression model, multi-regression model, AR model, Markov (decision) process, to the stochastic different equation. Furthermore, we showed that the system theory approach is Possibility Markov Process, and that the making decision approach is Sequential Bayes Estimation, too. After all, Type 1 Bays-Fuzzy estimation is the special case in Bayes estimation, because the pareto solutions can exist in two stochastic different equations upon Type 2 Vague Events, after we ignore one equation each other (note that this is Type 1 case), we can obtain both its system solution and its decision solution. Here, it is noted that Type 2 Vague estimation can be applied to the shallow abnormal decision problem with possibility reserved judgement. However, it is very important problem that we can have no idea for possibility reserved judgement under the deepest abnormal envelopment (ex. under War). Expect for this deepest abnormal decision problem, Bayes estimation can completely cover fuzzy estimation. In this paper, we explain our flowing study and further research object forward to this deepest abnormal decision problem.展开更多
Introduction Stroke is an important disease that is prevalent worldwide [1-3].Ischemic stroke accounts for 80%of stroke cases. Currently,evidence-based effective treatments for ischemic stroke are limited,and only int...Introduction Stroke is an important disease that is prevalent worldwide [1-3].Ischemic stroke accounts for 80%of stroke cases. Currently,evidence-based effective treatments for ischemic stroke are limited,and only intravenous throm- bolysis with Alteplase (a commercially available throm- bolytic agent)within 4.5 h of stroke onset and thrombectomy and arterial thrombolysis within 6-24h of onset are effective [4,5].However,because these two treatments have strict indications and certain risks (reper- fusion injury and bleeding)[5-8],there is an urgent need to develop new treatment methods.Thus,comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying ischemic brain damage and the search for key signaling pathways and protein molecules are important for guiding the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.展开更多
Recently, Nelson and Manohar pointed out that it is impossible to define moothly the color generators in the grand unified theory with G→SU（3）×U（1） if the magnetic charge of monopole is not integer times of ...Recently, Nelson and Manohar pointed out that it is impossible to define moothly the color generators in the grand unified theory with G→SU（3）×U（1） if the magnetic charge of monopole is not integer times of 3go （go is the Dirac unit magnetic charge）. Sudarshan et al. analysed the topological obstructions to a global definition of some of the unbroken symmetry transformations in monopole sectors with non-abelian magnetic flux. They showed the difficulty in physics caused by these topological obstructions. Therefore, the possibility of the global definition of color generators is worth discussing seriously.展开更多
Input-output(Leontief)production function is widely used in economic analysis.And diminishing marginal rate of return is a very well accepted economic fact.Leontief production function normally results in a linear pro...Input-output(Leontief)production function is widely used in economic analysis.And diminishing marginal rate of return is a very well accepted economic fact.Leontief production function normally results in a linear production possibility frontier(PPF)due to its linear feature,whereas diminishing marginal rate of return implies a non-linear PPF.In this paper,the authors aim to fix this problem by considering multiple primary inputs in a simplified two-sector economy.The authors find that it is possible to curve a non-linear PPF by using Leontief production function when the authors add heterogeneous primary inputs.The authors also discuss the PPF using non-linear production function.Furthermore,the authors propose that three commonly used economic presumptions cannot hold in the same framework.These presumptions are"single primary input","fixed-proportion inputs"and"law of diminishing marginal returns".展开更多
Objective To determine whether H2 strain vaccine virus could transmit vaccinee to non-vaccinated contacts. Methods The present investigation subjects were selected on voluntary bases from Zhejiang Academy of Medical S...Objective To determine whether H2 strain vaccine virus could transmit vaccinee to non-vaccinated contacts. Methods The present investigation subjects were selected on voluntary bases from Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences a primary school in Hangzhou. The live attenuated hepatitis A (H2 strain) vaccine used in this study was provided by Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences. The IgM antibody and the total antibody to hepati-展开更多
The discussions of U.S.return to Asia-Pacific unfold more around the state to state relationship,and are lack of studies based on regions.This paper intends to analyze the connections between regional security dilemma...The discussions of U.S.return to Asia-Pacific unfold more around the state to state relationship,and are lack of studies based on regions.This paper intends to analyze the connections between regional security dilemma and regional security ownership,and further examine how it is possible for the United States to return to Asia-Pacific.Although the United States during the early years of the end of the Cold War overlooked the importance of its Asia-Pacific strategy,however,the Asia-Pacific countries in short of consensus on regional security and a post-Cold War extensive security dilemma enable the United States to return to Asia-Pacific,improve and upgrade its U.S.-led regional security system.But,as far as China is concerned,the U.S.return to Asia-Pacific itself is both a challenge and an opportunity.展开更多
文摘Uemura [1] discovered a mapping formula that transforms and maps the state of nature into fuzzy events with a membership function that expresses the degree of attribution. In decision theory in no-data problems, sequential Bayesian inference is an example of this mapping formula, and Hori et al. [2] made the mapping formula multidimensional, introduced the concept of time, to Markov (decision) processes in fuzzy events under ergodic conditions, and derived stochastic differential equations in fuzzy events, although in reverse. In this paper, we focus on type 2 fuzzy. First, assuming that Type 2 Fuzzy Events are transformed and mapped onto the state of nature by a quadratic mapping formula that simultaneously considers longitudinal and transverse ambiguity, the joint stochastic differential equation representing these two ambiguities can be applied to possibility principal factor analysis if the weights of the equations are orthogonal. This indicates that the type 2 fuzzy is a two-dimensional possibility multivariate error model with longitudinal and transverse directions. Also, when the weights are oblique, it is a general possibility oblique factor analysis. Therefore, an example of type 2 fuzzy system theory is the possibility factor analysis. Furthermore, we show the initial and stopping condition on possibility factor rotation, on the base of possibility theory.
文摘Uemura [1] discovered the mapping formula for Type 1 Vague events and presented an alternative problem as an example of its application. Since it is well known that the alternative problem leads to sequential Bayesian inference, the flow of subsequent research was to make the mapping formula multidimensional, to introduce the concept of time, and to derive a Markov (decision) process. Furthermore, we formulated stochastic differential equations to derive them [2]. This paper refers to type 2 vague events based on a second-order mapping equation. This quadratic mapping formula gives a certain rotation named as possibility principal factor rotation by transforming a non-mapping function by a relation between two mapping functions. In addition, the derivation of the Type 2 Complex Markov process and the initial and stopping conditions in this rotation are mentioned. .
文摘Since the welded constructions produce easily stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or fatigue dis- ruption in corrosive medium or under ripple load, two methods inducing compressive stress on structural surfaces by anti-welding-heating treatment (AWHT) and explosion treatment (ET) are presented. The results show that they are good ways to resisting SCC on the welded 55400 steel or other components.
文摘To the editor,Ebola virus infection is the new deadly viral infection that is presently problematic in many countries in Africa.The prevention of this disease seems to be difficult and the rapid distribution of disease becomes the important issue for further discussion.As noted by Muyembe-Tamfum et al.[1],one of the major disease control measures is the distribution of protective equipment to health care workers.Gloves are important protective
文摘The containerized traffic has come into being for over forty years and has become the most important mode of sea transportation. Although containerized traffic trade has been developed in port cities of Dalian, Yingkou, Dandong and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, yet their development sped are obviously slower than the entire national development pace. In the article, the authors make a systematic study on the current situation and the potential developmental possibility of containerized traffic in Liaoning Province. It is held that the relative low proportion of the supply of goods in hinterland is relative low which will restrict directly the development potentiality of the container harbors in Liaoning. Three countermeasures of the containerized traffic development were given accordingly.
文摘After the publication of Wang et al.(2020),we realized that there were some inappropriate statements in the content.Hereby,we correct them and apologize for any confusion this may have caused.
文摘The iconic image of a giant radiating dyke swarm subsequently fragmented into three pieces via supercontinental breakup was produced by Paul May in1971(see next page).That figure presented a large part
文摘This paper considers two-level integer programming problems involving random fuzzy variables with cooperative behavior of the decision makers. Considering the probabilities that the decision makers’ objective function values are smaller than or equal to target variables, fuzzy goals of the decision makers are introduced. Using the fractile criteria to optimize the target variables under the condition that the degrees of possibility with respect to the attained probabilities are greater than or equal to certain permissible levels, the original random fuzzy two-level integer programming problems are reduced to deterministic ones. Through the introduction of genetic algorithms with double strings for nonlinear integer programming problems, interactive fuzzy programming to derive a satisfactory solution for the decision maker at the upper level in consideration of the cooperative relation between decision makers is presented. An illustrative numerical example demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
文摘This study presented a multi-objective linear fractional inventory (LFI) problem with generalised intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. In modelling, the authors have assumed the ambiances where generalised trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (GTIFNs) used to handle the uncertain information in the data. Then, the given multi-objective generalised intuitionistic fuzzy LFI model was transformed into its equivalent deterministic linear fractional programming problem by employing the possibility and necessity measures. Finally, the applicability of the model is demonstrated with a numerical example and the sensitivity analysis under several parameters is investigated to explore the study.
文摘In this paper we introduce the concept of possibility fuzzy soft expert set .We also define its basic operations, namely complement, union, intersection, AND and OR, and study some of their properties. Finally, we give an application of this theory in solving a decision making problem.
文摘In recent decades,people has gradually focused on creativity especially in education and society.Through teaching activities,students may be able to use possibility thinking in their classes for developing creativity.Hence,it is important that understanding how teachers can develop children’s creativity by supporting possibility thinking.As a dance teacher,I am looking forward to bringing this knowledge into my teaching.Through a theoretical analysis and experiential combination,this paper aims to explore how teachers can cultivate children’s creativity by facilitating possibility thinking.
文摘In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the basis of semantic analysis and their interrelationships and expressions are discussed. Then it is further argued that all figures formed due to shift of cognitive relation are expressed to accept an impossible feature; and there are four semantic forms to accept it: “zero distance/distanced”, “implicit/explicit”, “direct/indirect”, “positive/negative”. Finally, starting from the two approaches to figures we comment on the traditional idea of separating decoration and substance and the new idea of “function as form”.
文摘It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, where two states of nature are existing upon us. Any system is regarded as the two-dimensional variable error model. On the other hand, we consider that the fuzziness is existing in this system. Though we can usually obtain the fuzzy number from the possibility theory, it is not fuzzy but possibility, because the possibility function is as same as the likelihood function, and we can obtain the possibility measure by the maximal likelihood method (i.e. max product method proposed by Dr. Hideo Tanaka). Therefore, Fuzzy is regarded as the only one case according to Vague, which has both some state of nature in this world and another state of nature in the other world. Here, we can consider that Type 1 Vague Event in other world can be obtained by mapping and translating from Type 1 fuzzy Event in this world. We named this estimation as Type 1 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. When the Vague Events were abnormal (ex. under War), we need to consider that another world could exist around other world. In this case, we call it Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. Where Hori et al. constructed the stochastic different equation upon Type 1 Vague Events, along with the general following probabilistic introduction method from the single regression model, multi-regression model, AR model, Markov (decision) process, to the stochastic different equation. Furthermore, we showed that the system theory approach is Possibility Markov Process, and that the making decision approach is Sequential Bayes Estimation, too. After all, Type 1 Bays-Fuzzy estimation is the special case in Bayes estimation, because the pareto solutions can exist in two stochastic different equations upon Type 2 Vague Events, after we ignore one equation each other (note that this is Type 1 case), we can obtain both its system solution and its decision solution. Here, it is noted that Type 2 Vague estimation can be applied to the shallow abnormal decision problem with possibility reserved judgement. However, it is very important problem that we can have no idea for possibility reserved judgement under the deepest abnormal envelopment (ex. under War). Expect for this deepest abnormal decision problem, Bayes estimation can completely cover fuzzy estimation. In this paper, we explain our flowing study and further research object forward to this deepest abnormal decision problem.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2017A030313869)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City, China (201607010325)
文摘Introduction Stroke is an important disease that is prevalent worldwide [1-3].Ischemic stroke accounts for 80%of stroke cases. Currently,evidence-based effective treatments for ischemic stroke are limited,and only intravenous throm- bolysis with Alteplase (a commercially available throm- bolytic agent)within 4.5 h of stroke onset and thrombectomy and arterial thrombolysis within 6-24h of onset are effective [4,5].However,because these two treatments have strict indications and certain risks (reper- fusion injury and bleeding)[5-8],there is an urgent need to develop new treatment methods.Thus,comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying ischemic brain damage and the search for key signaling pathways and protein molecules are important for guiding the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
文摘Recently, Nelson and Manohar pointed out that it is impossible to define moothly the color generators in the grand unified theory with G→SU（3）×U（1） if the magnetic charge of monopole is not integer times of 3go （go is the Dirac unit magnetic charge）. Sudarshan et al. analysed the topological obstructions to a global definition of some of the unbroken symmetry transformations in monopole sectors with non-abelian magnetic flux. They showed the difficulty in physics caused by these topological obstructions. Therefore, the possibility of the global definition of color generators is worth discussing seriously.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2020M671504the National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant No.14AZD085the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71373106,71903186。
文摘Input-output(Leontief)production function is widely used in economic analysis.And diminishing marginal rate of return is a very well accepted economic fact.Leontief production function normally results in a linear production possibility frontier(PPF)due to its linear feature,whereas diminishing marginal rate of return implies a non-linear PPF.In this paper,the authors aim to fix this problem by considering multiple primary inputs in a simplified two-sector economy.The authors find that it is possible to curve a non-linear PPF by using Leontief production function when the authors add heterogeneous primary inputs.The authors also discuss the PPF using non-linear production function.Furthermore,the authors propose that three commonly used economic presumptions cannot hold in the same framework.These presumptions are"single primary input","fixed-proportion inputs"and"law of diminishing marginal returns".
文摘Objective To determine whether H2 strain vaccine virus could transmit vaccinee to non-vaccinated contacts. Methods The present investigation subjects were selected on voluntary bases from Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences a primary school in Hangzhou. The live attenuated hepatitis A (H2 strain) vaccine used in this study was provided by Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences. The IgM antibody and the total antibody to hepati-
文摘The discussions of U.S.return to Asia-Pacific unfold more around the state to state relationship,and are lack of studies based on regions.This paper intends to analyze the connections between regional security dilemma and regional security ownership,and further examine how it is possible for the United States to return to Asia-Pacific.Although the United States during the early years of the end of the Cold War overlooked the importance of its Asia-Pacific strategy,however,the Asia-Pacific countries in short of consensus on regional security and a post-Cold War extensive security dilemma enable the United States to return to Asia-Pacific,improve and upgrade its U.S.-led regional security system.But,as far as China is concerned,the U.S.return to Asia-Pacific itself is both a challenge and an opportunity.
