In post-disaster emergency shelter aid, various relief agencies and other actors with different backgrounds need to cooperate in a tremendously short amount of time and under very different circumstances. In this arti...In post-disaster emergency shelter aid, various relief agencies and other actors with different backgrounds need to cooperate in a tremendously short amount of time and under very different circumstances. In this article, we describe a research project that develops and tests a new approach in which the demands for shelters in a specific situation are methodically connected with available, innovative and sustainable shelter solutions, a DSS （decision support system）. The DSS is a digital tool that translates the gathered evidence on needs, solutions and location including long-term effects of shelter provision into advice for the provision of sustainable, integral broader shelter solutions and designs. The outcome is a set of characteristics for a DSS for the provision of on-demand emergency shelters. A DSS that meets these characteristics leads to the provision of sustainable shelters that meet the needs of the users and, therefore, have higher performance in long term.展开更多
A new organization and management mechanism with the local government as the main body was created during the post-disaster reconstruction of the "4. 20 " Lushan earthquake,in which the experiences and lesso...A new organization and management mechanism with the local government as the main body was created during the post-disaster reconstruction of the "4. 20 " Lushan earthquake,in which the experiences and lessons were drawn from the "5. 12"Wenchuan earthquake. Correspondingly, the local government conducted an exploration of the organization and management mode in the field of planning and construction. The effective experiences have been accumulated, including working out a full coverage planning,taking the leading part in the urban-rural planning,and exercising whole space control over the disaster area. An innovation management mode named as "Five Generals Pattern"was implemented in the construction projects. In view that the rural housing reconstruction was a weak link, a new approach to improving the construction management was investigated,by means of strengthening on-site supervision,establishing a technical platform,and bolstering public participation.展开更多
Apple cultivation has special requirements for climatic conditions. The period from May to August is a key period for apple growth.During this period,extreme weather occurs frequently,such as extreme high temperature,...Apple cultivation has special requirements for climatic conditions. The period from May to August is a key period for apple growth.During this period,extreme weather occurs frequently,such as extreme high temperature,strong wind,hail,and floods. This paper introduced these extreme weathers and came up with some corresponding management measures.展开更多
This research is intended as a practical guide on how to custom-tailor post-disaster housing approaches to suit the countries in which they are implemented.Three classical approaches are chosen,discussed and analytica...This research is intended as a practical guide on how to custom-tailor post-disaster housing approaches to suit the countries in which they are implemented.Three classical approaches are chosen,discussed and analytically compared in order to unveil the shortcomings of their implementation in a country such as Egypt which is faced by technological,economic and time-related challenges in our current time.Strategies are synthesized to in order to overcome these challenges and enhance the prospect of implementing the approaches in the country.Finally,the research presents a series of recommendations which can guide the implementation of the strategically enhanced approaches while bearing reference to real-life challenges and opportunities.展开更多
Aba Prefecture Company Name:Sichuan Xintong New Materials Co.Ltd. Address:Shuimo,Wenchuan Nature of Business:Private Project Name:Processing and Sale of Tourism Products Details:Producing and processing of Natural cry...Aba Prefecture Company Name:Sichuan Xintong New Materials Co.Ltd. Address:Shuimo,Wenchuan Nature of Business:Private Project Name:Processing and Sale of Tourism Products Details:Producing and processing of Natural crystal products,man-made gem and other展开更多
After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for ...After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.展开更多
International metropolises are playing an increasingly important role in public diplomacy.As a result,the development model and practical path of City Public Diplomacy has become an important issue.This paper explores...International metropolises are playing an increasingly important role in public diplomacy.As a result,the development model and practical path of City Public Diplomacy has become an important issue.This paper explores the relationship between urban tourism strategies and City Public Diplomacy by analyzing Osaka’s post-disaster strategies for revitalizing the city’s tourism industry over the past 10 years,from the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 to the impact of the New Crown epidemic.In 2011,a turning point in Japan’s“tourism policy”,Osaka launched its“Urban Charm Strategy”to strengthen the city’s tourism infrastructure and cultural diffusion,with an emphasis on“diffusion power”in the world.In 2016,the“Urban Charm Strategy”focused on the“10 urban images”and the“power of presentation”of specific city images around the world.In 2021,the“Urban Charm Strategy”adapted to the development of the epidemic situation,pay attention to cross-cultural needs and integration,and attach importance to“attraction”.The strategy of building the image of the attractive city is based on the tourism strategy,and the public diplomacy strategy in the city to construct the image of Osaka as a cultural city among the world cities.展开更多
Since the 1990s, indigenous people in Taiwan have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system. The establishment of tribal councils provides a co...Since the 1990s, indigenous people in Taiwan have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system. The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders, village, and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs. When disasters happen, the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems. The research focused on how these organizations, while in interim housing, influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters. The research＇s findings suggested that tribal councils, a pre-existing mechanism, seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.展开更多
Post-disaster aid is widely regarded as important in helping local recovery and development.This paper examines the effectiveness of post-disaster aid on exports,which are a driving factor of economic development.It r...Post-disaster aid is widely regarded as important in helping local recovery and development.This paper examines the effectiveness of post-disaster aid on exports,which are a driving factor of economic development.It reports a natural experiment in China–the case of post-disaster aid following the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008–to examine how donors'experiences affected the exports of manufacturing firms in disaster-stricken counties.The export experience of the donor was important.Aid coming from donors with more export experience was more beneficial to the exports of firms in recipient counties than aid from less experienced donors.“Learning from the donor”is a potential channel through which this effect occurred.That is,firms in recipient counties learned from donors'export experience by exporting more products similar to those of donors,exporting more to the destination countries of donors,and participating in the donors'supply-chain networks by exporting more of the donors'exports.Such“learning from the donor”effects show that knowledge spillover can occur between spatially distant parties,which complements the literature.展开更多
In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this c...In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the Gaza Strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the Gaza Strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.展开更多
To improve the resilience of distribution networks(DNs),a multi-stage dynamic recovery strategy is proposed in this paper,which is designed for post-disaster DN considering an integrated energy system(IES)and transpor...To improve the resilience of distribution networks(DNs),a multi-stage dynamic recovery strategy is proposed in this paper,which is designed for post-disaster DN considering an integrated energy system(IES)and transportation network(TN).First,the emergency response quickly increases the output of gas turbines(GTs)in the natural gas network(NGN),and responsively reconfigures the DN in microgrids,to maximize the amount of loads to be restored.The single-commodity flow model is adopted to construct spanning tree constraints.Then,in the second stage of energy storage recovery,mobile energy storage systems(MESSs)are deployed to cover the shortages of power demands,i.e.,to further restore the loads after evaluating the load recovery situation.The Floyd algorithm based dynamic traffic assignment(DTA)is selected to obtain the optimal path of the MESSs.In the third stage,the outputs of various post-disaster recovery measures are adjusted to achieve an economically optimized operation.Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic post-disaster recovery strategy.展开更多
Healthcare relief teams dispatched to rural areas often face difficulties due to limited initial and ongoing health information in the affected community.The present study investigated patterns of healthcare service d...Healthcare relief teams dispatched to rural areas often face difficulties due to limited initial and ongoing health information in the affected community.The present study investigated patterns of healthcare service demand for a rural displaced population in a post-disaster situation.Three weeks after the 2014 Ludian County earthquake,the Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction(IDMR) at Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University organized a disaster nursing team to support the rural community in Longtoushan,at the epicenter of the earthquake.A cross-sectional,records-based study of 2484 records obtained from a temporary hospital in Longtoushan(for the period of 14 September-1 October 2014) was conducted.The daily number of records by patients' sociodemographic characteristics and medical diagnoses were plotted on a time series graph to explore the temporal change during the study period.Findings indicate that healthcare service demand from younger age groups was higher than that of the older adult group.Three major health problems were observed:respiratory disease,skin problems,and ear,eye,and throat(EET) problems.All of these very real health problems are chronic issues that require long-term care.They are not health issues directly related to the disaster emergency itself.Yet disaster relief nursing teams were selected on the basis of their ability to cope primarily with traumatic disaster-related injuries.The existing practice of teaming up disaster relief professions might not be optimal.To better understand the healthcare needs of a displaced population,short- and long-term planning is needed.Planning will allow disaster response professionals to better organize and deploy healthcare personnel to manage the above-listed problems in a postdisaster situation.展开更多
This study evaluated the build-back-better considerations in post-disaster recovery,following the devastation of Chipinge and Chimanimani communities by Cyclone Idai-induced floods in 2019.Conducted in 2020,the study ...This study evaluated the build-back-better considerations in post-disaster recovery,following the devastation of Chipinge and Chimanimani communities by Cyclone Idai-induced floods in 2019.Conducted in 2020,the study assessed the impact of Cyclone Idai-induced floods on communities in Chipinge and Chimanimani Districts of Zimbabwe;evaluated the build-back-better considerations;and analyzed the lessons learned.Based on a qualitative approach and case study design,the study depended on focus group discussions,interviews,and researcher observations to gather data from 85 participants.The findings indicate that Cyclone Idai-induced floods seriously impacted human lives,infrastructure,and livelihoods of communities that had been living with flood risk and vulnerability.Build-back-better considerations were absent in much of the post-disaster recovery effort to address the cyclone disaster impact.There are important early lessons for both practitioners and community members to learn from the Cyclone Idai event.These lessons still can inform policy and disaster risk reduction practice in the medium and long term.Build-back-better should be a mandatory objective in the recovery from any disaster impact.Continuous training is also recommended to improve the disaster knowledge of stakeholders and increase local ability to cope with future disaster events.展开更多
Sustainable post-disaster recovery implies learning from past experience in order to prevent recreating forms of vulnerability.Memory construction supports both the healing process and redevelopment plans.Hence,memory...Sustainable post-disaster recovery implies learning from past experience in order to prevent recreating forms of vulnerability.Memory construction supports both the healing process and redevelopment plans.Hence,memory of disaster results from the balance between remembering,forgetting,and absencing elements of the disaster,and can be both a tool and an obstacle to sustainable recovery.We explore here how collective memory is built in a post-disaster context to respond to the needs of this critical period,and how it shapes recovery.This ethnographic study,conducted between 2015 and 2017,explores the recovery processes in Montserrat,a small Caribbean island affected by an extended volcanic crisis from 1995 to 2010.Although this study does not give tangible solutions for disaster risk reduction in a post-disaster context,it highlights potential obstacles for learning from a disaster and how they may be surmounted.We argue that it is crucial to acknowledge evolving collective memory in order to implement effective measures for preserving and sharing a shared understanding of disaster across generations and social groups in a way that supports disaster risk awareness.We also maintain that acknowledging the dilemma faced by authorities and disaster management agencies during a period of conflicting needs may encourage the reconsideration of risk framing,and hence reveal how to improve implementation of disaster risk reduction measures.展开更多
A number of indices have been developed for measuring vulnerability to disasters, but little attention has been paid to recovery indices. Post-disaster periods are usually divided into four phases. The terms establish...A number of indices have been developed for measuring vulnerability to disasters, but little attention has been paid to recovery indices. Post-disaster periods are usually divided into four phases. The terms established by the United Nations Development Programme for post-disaster phases—relief, early recovery, recovery, and development—are used in this article. This research examines the hypothesis that the boundaries between post-disaster recovery phases are fuzzy and should be defined by the progress achieved in the recovery process, rather than by the amount of time elapsed since the event. The methodology employed involved four steps: fieldwork, mapping,identification of indicators, and assessment. The case study area was the city of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central Italy, which was struck by an earthquake in April2009. For each phase of the recovery process in L'Aquila a score was calculated based on the progress observed in2016, 7 years after the earthquake. The highest score went to the early recovery phase(14 points), followed by the recovery phase(13 points), the development phase(12points), and the relief phase(4 points). The results demonstrate the possibility of defining post-disaster recovery phases in an affected area based on measuring achievements through indicators rather than defining recovery phases in terms of elapsed time after a disaster.展开更多
The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami triggered significant destruction to housing and related infrastructures across various coastal districts of south India.Research shows that tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala expe...The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami triggered significant destruction to housing and related infrastructures across various coastal districts of south India.Research shows that tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala experienced different degrees of success and failure.On this background,this study explored factors that contributed to the successful implementation of tsunami housing projects in Kerala by(1)consolidating various critical success factors(CSFs)for post-disaster reconstruction(PDR)projects under‘‘project management success traits’’through content analysis of existing literature;(2)deriving a conceptual model that envisages project success in PDR contexts;and(3)assessing the impacts of those success traits on tsunami housing projects using confirmatory factor analysis.Necessary data were gathered through a survey of various stakeholders involved in tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala using structured questionnaires.The research revealed that PDR project success is attributed to critical dimensions of project management such as institutional mechanisms,reconstruction strategies,project implementation,and stakeholder management.A conceptual model with the interplay of project success,success traits,as well as their CSFs identified the project management actions that must be monitored during reconstruction.Since the project management approach is widely recognized for PDR projects,these success traits hold huge potential for effective organization and management of housing reconstruction projects.The study also helped to identify project management traits that need improvements for the successful implementation of post-disaster housing projects in Kerala.Thus the research findings can serve as a foundational study for formulating project management strategies appropriate to PDR projects in Kerala.展开更多
This paper reports the post-disaster results due to Typhoon Megi. The survey was conducted by a joint survey team of Shanghai Typhoon Institute in 14 December 2016, with the support of Wenzhou Meteorological Bureau an...This paper reports the post-disaster results due to Typhoon Megi. The survey was conducted by a joint survey team of Shanghai Typhoon Institute in 14 December 2016, with the support of Wenzhou Meteorological Bureau and some meteorological departments in disaster areas. The survey results show that Typhoon Megi brought torrential rain and heavy rainstorm to the southern of Wenzhou City. The precipitation characters of Typhoon Megi are strong intensity, high accumulation, long duration and broken historical record. Typhoon winds affected wide,with large peripheral wind. According to the needs of defense and emergency rescue of Typhoon Megi,Wenzhou meteorological departments made every effort, including closely monitor, strengthening consultation, roll forecast, timely warning, active reporting, and targeted service. In order to provide scientific reference for government decision, the service of weather protection and disaster relief were done well. The results of typhoon forecast shows as follows.(1) The track, landing location and time of typhoon forecast were basically consistent with the actual situation.(2) The wind forecast was close to the actual.(3) The forecasted area precipitation was slightly lower, and the extreme value of process precipitation was too low. While the prediction of Dongtou Island Station was too high, this investigation shows that we are still insufficient in forecasting precipitation grades of typhoons breaking historical records, especially for precipitation quantification and meticulous prediction. In this case, more attention should be paid as below. 1) Effect of topography on precipitation enhancement. 2) Summary of similar cases. 3) Improve the defense ability and residents' awareness of risk. 4)Combine modem methods of early warning information with traditional methods. 5) Quantitative, fixed-pointed and precision forecast. 6) Rapid access of referent information to forecasters, 7) Modern monitoring technology(3 S, unmanned aerial vehicle) should be used for disaster investigation, monitor and hidden trouble detection.8) Carry out the renovation of the engineering construction design standards, impact assessment and structure of buildings.展开更多
Mental health interventions following disasters have been criticized as individualistic, incomplete, and culturally insensitive. This article showcases the effects of a culturally relevant and sustainable psychosocial...Mental health interventions following disasters have been criticized as individualistic, incomplete, and culturally insensitive. This article showcases the effects of a culturally relevant and sustainable psychosocial capacitybuilding project at the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Specifically, the project focuses on women, a group that has received limited attention in post-disaster recovery in China. This qualitative research study(N = 14)sheds light on the characteristics and processes of the implementation of a post-disaster psychosocial intervention project in rural China. In addition, by adopting the Success Case Method as an evaluation approach, this study elucidates its effects on the psychological and social changes of the disaster victims. The findings capture five aspects of psychosocial changes: enriched daily life, better mood,enhanced self-confidence, increased willingness to socialize, and the provision of mutual help. This study hopes to encourage more culturally relevant and empowering practices for women in building their psychosocial capacity after disasters.展开更多
This article addresses the sustainability implications of post-disaster measures in the context of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami by presenting an analysis of the current situations and changes in some of the affected ...This article addresses the sustainability implications of post-disaster measures in the context of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami by presenting an analysis of the current situations and changes in some of the affected regions. Sustainability implications of measures are captured by investigating the persistence of the social and economic living conditions in relation to post-disaster measures, and the alignment of the measures with basic environmental aspects. Based on major concepts relevant in disaster science and sustainability research, the study explored sustainability aspects of post-disaster measures implemented after the 2004 tsunami, by conducting selected interviews among the participants of the 2015 international seminar ‘‘11 Years after the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004'' and a broader online survey. Information was sought about(1) the current state of vulnerability of the local population in the regions affected;(2) the main lessons that have been identified to improve project design and management of recovery and vulnerability reduction;and(3) project sustainability implications with respect to the state of today's vulnerability. Based on the analysis of the information on these three priority areas, selected tasks for future disaster risk management are identified, such as more integrative planning and improved coordination with international organizations and local people.展开更多
This research examines the relationship between social vulnerability factors and reported needs following Hurricane Florence.Weighted least squares regression models were used to identify predictor variables for valid...This research examines the relationship between social vulnerability factors and reported needs following Hurricane Florence.Weighted least squares regression models were used to identify predictor variables for valid registrations that reported needs pertaining to emergencies,food,and shelter.Data consisted of zip codes in North Carolina and South Carolina that received individual assistance for Hurricane Florence(N=406).The results suggest that when controlling for event-specific factors and flood mitigation factors,the proportions of the population that is female,the population over 65,the population aged5 and under,the population older than 5 years not speaking English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported emergency needs.When controlling for the same variables,the proportions of the population over the age of 25 with a Bachelor’s degree,the female population,the population aged 5 and under,the population above 5 years old that does not speak English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported food needs.With the same variables controlled for,three variables—the proportions of the population over65,the population aged 5 and under,and the non-Englishspeaking population above 5 years of age—were all predictors of the per capita reported shelter needs.The results suggest that more attention should be given to these vulnerable populations in the pre-disaster planning process.展开更多
文摘In post-disaster emergency shelter aid, various relief agencies and other actors with different backgrounds need to cooperate in a tremendously short amount of time and under very different circumstances. In this article, we describe a research project that develops and tests a new approach in which the demands for shelters in a specific situation are methodically connected with available, innovative and sustainable shelter solutions, a DSS （decision support system）. The DSS is a digital tool that translates the gathered evidence on needs, solutions and location including long-term effects of shelter provision into advice for the provision of sustainable, integral broader shelter solutions and designs. The outcome is a set of characteristics for a DSS for the provision of on-demand emergency shelters. A DSS that meets these characteristics leads to the provision of sustainable shelters that meet the needs of the users and, therefore, have higher performance in long term.
基金sponsored by the Science and Technology Support Project Funds of Sichuan Province ( Item No. 2013FZ0009 )Educational Reform Project Funds of Sichuan AgriculturalUniversity ( Item No. 2015064 )the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Item No. 51278421)
文摘A new organization and management mechanism with the local government as the main body was created during the post-disaster reconstruction of the "4. 20 " Lushan earthquake,in which the experiences and lessons were drawn from the "5. 12"Wenchuan earthquake. Correspondingly, the local government conducted an exploration of the organization and management mode in the field of planning and construction. The effective experiences have been accumulated, including working out a full coverage planning,taking the leading part in the urban-rural planning,and exercising whole space control over the disaster area. An innovation management mode named as "Five Generals Pattern"was implemented in the construction projects. In view that the rural housing reconstruction was a weak link, a new approach to improving the construction management was investigated,by means of strengthening on-site supervision,establishing a technical platform,and bolstering public participation.
文摘Apple cultivation has special requirements for climatic conditions. The period from May to August is a key period for apple growth.During this period,extreme weather occurs frequently,such as extreme high temperature,strong wind,hail,and floods. This paper introduced these extreme weathers and came up with some corresponding management measures.
文摘This research is intended as a practical guide on how to custom-tailor post-disaster housing approaches to suit the countries in which they are implemented.Three classical approaches are chosen,discussed and analytically compared in order to unveil the shortcomings of their implementation in a country such as Egypt which is faced by technological,economic and time-related challenges in our current time.Strategies are synthesized to in order to overcome these challenges and enhance the prospect of implementing the approaches in the country.Finally,the research presents a series of recommendations which can guide the implementation of the strategically enhanced approaches while bearing reference to real-life challenges and opportunities.
文摘Aba Prefecture Company Name:Sichuan Xintong New Materials Co.Ltd. Address:Shuimo,Wenchuan Nature of Business:Private Project Name:Processing and Sale of Tourism Products Details:Producing and processing of Natural crystal products,man-made gem and other
文摘After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.
基金Research on Shanghai's urban cultural diplomacy strategy in the post-epidemic era and foreign experience for reference(XJ2022233)High-level university construction(10-22-305-396).
文摘International metropolises are playing an increasingly important role in public diplomacy.As a result,the development model and practical path of City Public Diplomacy has become an important issue.This paper explores the relationship between urban tourism strategies and City Public Diplomacy by analyzing Osaka’s post-disaster strategies for revitalizing the city’s tourism industry over the past 10 years,from the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 to the impact of the New Crown epidemic.In 2011,a turning point in Japan’s“tourism policy”,Osaka launched its“Urban Charm Strategy”to strengthen the city’s tourism infrastructure and cultural diffusion,with an emphasis on“diffusion power”in the world.In 2016,the“Urban Charm Strategy”focused on the“10 urban images”and the“power of presentation”of specific city images around the world.In 2021,the“Urban Charm Strategy”adapted to the development of the epidemic situation,pay attention to cross-cultural needs and integration,and attach importance to“attraction”.The strategy of building the image of the attractive city is based on the tourism strategy,and the public diplomacy strategy in the city to construct the image of Osaka as a cultural city among the world cities.
文摘Since the 1990s, indigenous people in Taiwan have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system. The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders, village, and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs. When disasters happen, the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems. The research focused on how these organizations, while in interim housing, influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters. The research＇s findings suggested that tribal councils, a pre-existing mechanism, seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.
基金The authors contributed equally and are listed alphabetically by their last names.They are grateful for the useful comments and discussion from Pinghan Liang,Hong Ma,Dahai Fu,Shiqi Guo,Xifang Sun,and referees,and for support from the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.23&ZD041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71973037 and 71703128).Tan Li acknowledges financial support from the Guanghua Talent Project of the Southwestern University of Finance and Economics.
文摘Post-disaster aid is widely regarded as important in helping local recovery and development.This paper examines the effectiveness of post-disaster aid on exports,which are a driving factor of economic development.It reports a natural experiment in China–the case of post-disaster aid following the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008–to examine how donors'experiences affected the exports of manufacturing firms in disaster-stricken counties.The export experience of the donor was important.Aid coming from donors with more export experience was more beneficial to the exports of firms in recipient counties than aid from less experienced donors.“Learning from the donor”is a potential channel through which this effect occurred.That is,firms in recipient counties learned from donors'export experience by exporting more products similar to those of donors,exporting more to the destination countries of donors,and participating in the donors'supply-chain networks by exporting more of the donors'exports.Such“learning from the donor”effects show that knowledge spillover can occur between spatially distant parties,which complements the literature.
文摘In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the Gaza Strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the Gaza Strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China“Research on resilience technology and application foundation of intelligent distribution network based on integrated energy system”(No.52060019001H).
文摘To improve the resilience of distribution networks(DNs),a multi-stage dynamic recovery strategy is proposed in this paper,which is designed for post-disaster DN considering an integrated energy system(IES)and transportation network(TN).First,the emergency response quickly increases the output of gas turbines(GTs)in the natural gas network(NGN),and responsively reconfigures the DN in microgrids,to maximize the amount of loads to be restored.The single-commodity flow model is adopted to construct spanning tree constraints.Then,in the second stage of energy storage recovery,mobile energy storage systems(MESSs)are deployed to cover the shortages of power demands,i.e.,to further restore the loads after evaluating the load recovery situation.The Floyd algorithm based dynamic traffic assignment(DTA)is selected to obtain the optimal path of the MESSs.In the third stage,the outputs of various post-disaster recovery measures are adjusted to achieve an economically optimized operation.Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic post-disaster recovery strategy.
基金funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Disaster Management Research Centre
文摘Healthcare relief teams dispatched to rural areas often face difficulties due to limited initial and ongoing health information in the affected community.The present study investigated patterns of healthcare service demand for a rural displaced population in a post-disaster situation.Three weeks after the 2014 Ludian County earthquake,the Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction(IDMR) at Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University organized a disaster nursing team to support the rural community in Longtoushan,at the epicenter of the earthquake.A cross-sectional,records-based study of 2484 records obtained from a temporary hospital in Longtoushan(for the period of 14 September-1 October 2014) was conducted.The daily number of records by patients' sociodemographic characteristics and medical diagnoses were plotted on a time series graph to explore the temporal change during the study period.Findings indicate that healthcare service demand from younger age groups was higher than that of the older adult group.Three major health problems were observed:respiratory disease,skin problems,and ear,eye,and throat(EET) problems.All of these very real health problems are chronic issues that require long-term care.They are not health issues directly related to the disaster emergency itself.Yet disaster relief nursing teams were selected on the basis of their ability to cope primarily with traumatic disaster-related injuries.The existing practice of teaming up disaster relief professions might not be optimal.To better understand the healthcare needs of a displaced population,short- and long-term planning is needed.Planning will allow disaster response professionals to better organize and deploy healthcare personnel to manage the above-listed problems in a postdisaster situation.
文摘This study evaluated the build-back-better considerations in post-disaster recovery,following the devastation of Chipinge and Chimanimani communities by Cyclone Idai-induced floods in 2019.Conducted in 2020,the study assessed the impact of Cyclone Idai-induced floods on communities in Chipinge and Chimanimani Districts of Zimbabwe;evaluated the build-back-better considerations;and analyzed the lessons learned.Based on a qualitative approach and case study design,the study depended on focus group discussions,interviews,and researcher observations to gather data from 85 participants.The findings indicate that Cyclone Idai-induced floods seriously impacted human lives,infrastructure,and livelihoods of communities that had been living with flood risk and vulnerability.Build-back-better considerations were absent in much of the post-disaster recovery effort to address the cyclone disaster impact.There are important early lessons for both practitioners and community members to learn from the Cyclone Idai event.These lessons still can inform policy and disaster risk reduction practice in the medium and long term.Build-back-better should be a mandatory objective in the recovery from any disaster impact.Continuous training is also recommended to improve the disaster knowledge of stakeholders and increase local ability to cope with future disaster events.
基金NERC(NE/L002585/1)the University of East Anglia for supporting and funding this research。
文摘Sustainable post-disaster recovery implies learning from past experience in order to prevent recreating forms of vulnerability.Memory construction supports both the healing process and redevelopment plans.Hence,memory of disaster results from the balance between remembering,forgetting,and absencing elements of the disaster,and can be both a tool and an obstacle to sustainable recovery.We explore here how collective memory is built in a post-disaster context to respond to the needs of this critical period,and how it shapes recovery.This ethnographic study,conducted between 2015 and 2017,explores the recovery processes in Montserrat,a small Caribbean island affected by an extended volcanic crisis from 1995 to 2010.Although this study does not give tangible solutions for disaster risk reduction in a post-disaster context,it highlights potential obstacles for learning from a disaster and how they may be surmounted.We argue that it is crucial to acknowledge evolving collective memory in order to implement effective measures for preserving and sharing a shared understanding of disaster across generations and social groups in a way that supports disaster risk awareness.We also maintain that acknowledging the dilemma faced by authorities and disaster management agencies during a period of conflicting needs may encourage the reconsideration of risk framing,and hence reveal how to improve implementation of disaster risk reduction measures.
基金partly funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the GIScience Doctoral College (DK W1237-N23)the Afro-Asiatisches Institut- Salzburg (AAI Salzburg) for complementary financial support towards this researchthe COLFUTURO foundation for the promotion of this scientific work
文摘A number of indices have been developed for measuring vulnerability to disasters, but little attention has been paid to recovery indices. Post-disaster periods are usually divided into four phases. The terms established by the United Nations Development Programme for post-disaster phases—relief, early recovery, recovery, and development—are used in this article. This research examines the hypothesis that the boundaries between post-disaster recovery phases are fuzzy and should be defined by the progress achieved in the recovery process, rather than by the amount of time elapsed since the event. The methodology employed involved four steps: fieldwork, mapping,identification of indicators, and assessment. The case study area was the city of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central Italy, which was struck by an earthquake in April2009. For each phase of the recovery process in L'Aquila a score was calculated based on the progress observed in2016, 7 years after the earthquake. The highest score went to the early recovery phase(14 points), followed by the recovery phase(13 points), the development phase(12points), and the relief phase(4 points). The results demonstrate the possibility of defining post-disaster recovery phases in an affected area based on measuring achievements through indicators rather than defining recovery phases in terms of elapsed time after a disaster.
文摘The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami triggered significant destruction to housing and related infrastructures across various coastal districts of south India.Research shows that tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala experienced different degrees of success and failure.On this background,this study explored factors that contributed to the successful implementation of tsunami housing projects in Kerala by(1)consolidating various critical success factors(CSFs)for post-disaster reconstruction(PDR)projects under‘‘project management success traits’’through content analysis of existing literature;(2)deriving a conceptual model that envisages project success in PDR contexts;and(3)assessing the impacts of those success traits on tsunami housing projects using confirmatory factor analysis.Necessary data were gathered through a survey of various stakeholders involved in tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala using structured questionnaires.The research revealed that PDR project success is attributed to critical dimensions of project management such as institutional mechanisms,reconstruction strategies,project implementation,and stakeholder management.A conceptual model with the interplay of project success,success traits,as well as their CSFs identified the project management actions that must be monitored during reconstruction.Since the project management approach is widely recognized for PDR projects,these success traits hold huge potential for effective organization and management of housing reconstruction projects.The study also helped to identify project management traits that need improvements for the successful implementation of post-disaster housing projects in Kerala.Thus the research findings can serve as a foundational study for formulating project management strategies appropriate to PDR projects in Kerala.
文摘This paper reports the post-disaster results due to Typhoon Megi. The survey was conducted by a joint survey team of Shanghai Typhoon Institute in 14 December 2016, with the support of Wenzhou Meteorological Bureau and some meteorological departments in disaster areas. The survey results show that Typhoon Megi brought torrential rain and heavy rainstorm to the southern of Wenzhou City. The precipitation characters of Typhoon Megi are strong intensity, high accumulation, long duration and broken historical record. Typhoon winds affected wide,with large peripheral wind. According to the needs of defense and emergency rescue of Typhoon Megi,Wenzhou meteorological departments made every effort, including closely monitor, strengthening consultation, roll forecast, timely warning, active reporting, and targeted service. In order to provide scientific reference for government decision, the service of weather protection and disaster relief were done well. The results of typhoon forecast shows as follows.(1) The track, landing location and time of typhoon forecast were basically consistent with the actual situation.(2) The wind forecast was close to the actual.(3) The forecasted area precipitation was slightly lower, and the extreme value of process precipitation was too low. While the prediction of Dongtou Island Station was too high, this investigation shows that we are still insufficient in forecasting precipitation grades of typhoons breaking historical records, especially for precipitation quantification and meticulous prediction. In this case, more attention should be paid as below. 1) Effect of topography on precipitation enhancement. 2) Summary of similar cases. 3) Improve the defense ability and residents' awareness of risk. 4)Combine modem methods of early warning information with traditional methods. 5) Quantitative, fixed-pointed and precision forecast. 6) Rapid access of referent information to forecasters, 7) Modern monitoring technology(3 S, unmanned aerial vehicle) should be used for disaster investigation, monitor and hidden trouble detection.8) Carry out the renovation of the engineering construction design standards, impact assessment and structure of buildings.
基金funded by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University for the project Coping with Loss in a Chinese Post-disaster Context:Comparison Case Studies in Wenchuan Yingxiu Primary School and Mianzhu Zhongxin Friendship Primary School of Sichuan (A-PM12)
文摘Mental health interventions following disasters have been criticized as individualistic, incomplete, and culturally insensitive. This article showcases the effects of a culturally relevant and sustainable psychosocial capacitybuilding project at the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Specifically, the project focuses on women, a group that has received limited attention in post-disaster recovery in China. This qualitative research study(N = 14)sheds light on the characteristics and processes of the implementation of a post-disaster psychosocial intervention project in rural China. In addition, by adopting the Success Case Method as an evaluation approach, this study elucidates its effects on the psychological and social changes of the disaster victims. The findings capture five aspects of psychosocial changes: enriched daily life, better mood,enhanced self-confidence, increased willingness to socialize, and the provision of mutual help. This study hopes to encourage more culturally relevant and empowering practices for women in building their psychosocial capacity after disasters.
文摘This article addresses the sustainability implications of post-disaster measures in the context of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami by presenting an analysis of the current situations and changes in some of the affected regions. Sustainability implications of measures are captured by investigating the persistence of the social and economic living conditions in relation to post-disaster measures, and the alignment of the measures with basic environmental aspects. Based on major concepts relevant in disaster science and sustainability research, the study explored sustainability aspects of post-disaster measures implemented after the 2004 tsunami, by conducting selected interviews among the participants of the 2015 international seminar ‘‘11 Years after the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004'' and a broader online survey. Information was sought about(1) the current state of vulnerability of the local population in the regions affected;(2) the main lessons that have been identified to improve project design and management of recovery and vulnerability reduction;and(3) project sustainability implications with respect to the state of today's vulnerability. Based on the analysis of the information on these three priority areas, selected tasks for future disaster risk management are identified, such as more integrative planning and improved coordination with international organizations and local people.
文摘This research examines the relationship between social vulnerability factors and reported needs following Hurricane Florence.Weighted least squares regression models were used to identify predictor variables for valid registrations that reported needs pertaining to emergencies,food,and shelter.Data consisted of zip codes in North Carolina and South Carolina that received individual assistance for Hurricane Florence(N=406).The results suggest that when controlling for event-specific factors and flood mitigation factors,the proportions of the population that is female,the population over 65,the population aged5 and under,the population older than 5 years not speaking English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported emergency needs.When controlling for the same variables,the proportions of the population over the age of 25 with a Bachelor’s degree,the female population,the population aged 5 and under,the population above 5 years old that does not speak English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported food needs.With the same variables controlled for,three variables—the proportions of the population over65,the population aged 5 and under,and the non-Englishspeaking population above 5 years of age—were all predictors of the per capita reported shelter needs.The results suggest that more attention should be given to these vulnerable populations in the pre-disaster planning process.
