Objective: To explore the clinical features ofpregnancy-related breast cancer and the related factorsaffecting the prognosis. Methods: The research workwas carried out in our hospital from January 2018 toJanuary 2019....Objective: To explore the clinical features ofpregnancy-related breast cancer and the related factorsaffecting the prognosis. Methods: The research workwas carried out in our hospital from January 2018 toJanuary 2019. In this study, 50 patients were selectedas related breast cancer patients and 50 non-pregnancyrelated breast cancer patients were selected as controlgroup. The clinical characteristics and prognosis ofthe two groups were compared and analyzed. Results:According to the incidence of pregnancy-related breastcancer, the onset of breast cancer is in pregnancy andlactation, with more than half of the total number ofpatients having two or more pregnancies and 74.0%of the patients having breast feeding history. In thetwo groups, most of the patients went to see a doctorbecause of palpable breast masses, and the averagemaximum diameter of tumors in PBC group was (5.13± 3.22)cm, including 5 cases accompanied by dimplesign, 7 cases accompanied by nipple depression, 8cases accompanied by inflammatory changes of skin,3 cases with pathological changes involving wholemilk, and 27 cases (54.00%) with palpable axillaryenlarged lymph nodes on the same side. The averagemaximum value of tumor in Non-PABC group was(3.94 ± 2.11) cm, with 5 cases accompanied by dimplesign, 4 cases accompanied by nipple depression, and 9cases (18.00%) with palpable axillary lymph nodes onthe same side. Conclusion: As far as pregnancy-relatedbreast cancer is concerned, the clinical misdiagnosisrate is relatively high and the prognosis is poor.Prenatal examination and breast-feeding breast cancerexamination are needed to ensure early detection anddiagnosis. This is the key factor to ensure the survivalrate of pregnancy-related breast cancer patients and haspositive significance for clinical development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus(FT1DM)that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM(PF),always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism.Here,we present fo...BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus(FT1DM)that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM(PF),always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism.Here,we present four patients who developed FT1DM during treatment but were first diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of four patients with GDM combined with FT1DM admitted to our hospital between July 2018 and April 2021 were collected,and the patients and their infants were followed up.All patients were diagnosed with GDM during the second trimester and were treated.The blood glucose level elevated suddenly during the third trimester and then were diagnosed with FT1DM.Two patients had an insulin allergy,and two had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before onset.One patient developed ketoacidosis,and three developed ketosis.Two patients had cesarean section deliveries,and two had vaginal deliveries.The growth and development of the infants were normal.C-peptide levels were lower than those at onset,suggesting progressive impairment of islet function.The frequencies of the DRB109:01,DQB103:03,DQA103:02,DPA101:03,DPA102:02,DPB105:01,DRB401:03,G 01:01,and G 01:04 human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-G alleles were high in the present study.CONCLUSION In comparison with pregnancy-associated FT1DM(PF),patients with GDM combined with FT1DM had an older age of onset,higher body mass index,slower onset,fewer prodromal symptoms,and less acidosis.The pathogenesis may be due to various factors affecting the already fragileβ-cells of GDM patients with genetically susceptible class II HLA genotypes.We speculate that GDM combined with FT1DM during pregnancy,referred to as“double diabetes,”is a subtype of PF with its own unique characteristics that should be investigated further.展开更多
文摘Objective: To explore the clinical features ofpregnancy-related breast cancer and the related factorsaffecting the prognosis. Methods: The research workwas carried out in our hospital from January 2018 toJanuary 2019. In this study, 50 patients were selectedas related breast cancer patients and 50 non-pregnancyrelated breast cancer patients were selected as controlgroup. The clinical characteristics and prognosis ofthe two groups were compared and analyzed. Results:According to the incidence of pregnancy-related breastcancer, the onset of breast cancer is in pregnancy andlactation, with more than half of the total number ofpatients having two or more pregnancies and 74.0%of the patients having breast feeding history. In thetwo groups, most of the patients went to see a doctorbecause of palpable breast masses, and the averagemaximum diameter of tumors in PBC group was (5.13± 3.22)cm, including 5 cases accompanied by dimplesign, 7 cases accompanied by nipple depression, 8cases accompanied by inflammatory changes of skin,3 cases with pathological changes involving wholemilk, and 27 cases (54.00%) with palpable axillaryenlarged lymph nodes on the same side. The averagemaximum value of tumor in Non-PABC group was(3.94 ± 2.11) cm, with 5 cases accompanied by dimplesign, 4 cases accompanied by nipple depression, and 9cases (18.00%) with palpable axillary lymph nodes onthe same side. Conclusion: As far as pregnancy-relatedbreast cancer is concerned, the clinical misdiagnosisrate is relatively high and the prognosis is poor.Prenatal examination and breast-feeding breast cancerexamination are needed to ensure early detection anddiagnosis. This is the key factor to ensure the survivalrate of pregnancy-related breast cancer patients and haspositive significance for clinical development.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270864.
文摘BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus(FT1DM)that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM(PF),always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism.Here,we present four patients who developed FT1DM during treatment but were first diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of four patients with GDM combined with FT1DM admitted to our hospital between July 2018 and April 2021 were collected,and the patients and their infants were followed up.All patients were diagnosed with GDM during the second trimester and were treated.The blood glucose level elevated suddenly during the third trimester and then were diagnosed with FT1DM.Two patients had an insulin allergy,and two had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before onset.One patient developed ketoacidosis,and three developed ketosis.Two patients had cesarean section deliveries,and two had vaginal deliveries.The growth and development of the infants were normal.C-peptide levels were lower than those at onset,suggesting progressive impairment of islet function.The frequencies of the DRB109:01,DQB103:03,DQA103:02,DPA101:03,DPA102:02,DPB105:01,DRB401:03,G 01:01,and G 01:04 human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-G alleles were high in the present study.CONCLUSION In comparison with pregnancy-associated FT1DM(PF),patients with GDM combined with FT1DM had an older age of onset,higher body mass index,slower onset,fewer prodromal symptoms,and less acidosis.The pathogenesis may be due to various factors affecting the already fragileβ-cells of GDM patients with genetically susceptible class II HLA genotypes.We speculate that GDM combined with FT1DM during pregnancy,referred to as“double diabetes,”is a subtype of PF with its own unique characteristics that should be investigated further.
