Using real fields instead of complex ones, it is suggested here that the fermions are pairs of coupled strings with an internal tension. The interaction between the two coupled strings is due to an exchange mechanism ...Using real fields instead of complex ones, it is suggested here that the fermions are pairs of coupled strings with an internal tension. The interaction between the two coupled strings is due to an exchange mechanism which is proportional to Planck’s constant. This may be the result of two massless bosons (hypergluons) coupled by a preon (prequark) exchange. It also gives a physical explanation to the origin of the Planck constant, and origin of spin.展开更多
This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the S...This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.展开更多
One of the fundamental questions is that “what the matter is composed of?” In 1897, atoms are known as the basic building blocks of matter. In the year 1911, Ernest Rutherford demonstrated that when alpha particles ...One of the fundamental questions is that “what the matter is composed of?” In 1897, atoms are known as the basic building blocks of matter. In the year 1911, Ernest Rutherford demonstrated that when alpha particles are scattered on a thin gold foil that the atom is composed of mostly empty space with a dense core at its center which is called the nucleus. Thereafter, protons and neutrons were discovered. In 1956, McAllister and Hofstadter published experimental results of elastic scattering of the electrons from a hydrogen target which revealed that the proton has an internal structure. In 1964, Gell-Mann (and independently) Zweig proposed that nucleons are composed of point-like particles which are called quarks. These quarks are postulated to have spin-1/2, fractional electric charge. Combinations of different flavors of quarks yield protons and neutrons which belong to the type of particles called baryons (built up from three quarks) and mesons as (quark and an antiquark). These two groups of particles are categorized as hadrons. The quarks showed further decay properties which suggested that they have a substructure.展开更多
A previous preon scenario for the standard model particles, based on unbroken supersymmetry, is applied to the problem of matter-antimatter asymmetry. Attention is paid to the fact that the asymmetric hydrogen atom—l...A previous preon scenario for the standard model particles, based on unbroken supersymmetry, is applied to the problem of matter-antimatter asymmetry. Attention is paid to the fact that the asymmetric hydrogen atom—like all atoms—can be described in terms of symmetric preons. Preons are created in the early universe. The matter-antimatter asymmetry is caused by stochastic correlations in charge density fluctuations of preons and antipreons and by the subsequent preon combinatorial mechanism to form quarks and leptons, and finally the three lightest elements. A tentative gravitino mass estimate is given based on minimal interference with nucleosynthesis. With local supersymmetry the scenario can be extended to supergravity.展开更多
最近HERA发现 l q共振态可能是e+ d共振,该事例非标准模型(SM)所预期,与亚夸克层次有关.用价-海亚夸克混合模型和Preon模型给出的"编外"粒子研究 l q共振态的物理机制,结果发现:产生 l q共振的物理基础是由于"编外"...最近HERA发现 l q共振态可能是e+ d共振,该事例非标准模型(SM)所预期,与亚夸克层次有关.用价-海亚夸克混合模型和Preon模型给出的"编外"粒子研究 l q共振态的物理机制,结果发现:产生 l q共振的物理基础是由于"编外"玻色子中存在具有B+23物质性质的"反轻子型夸克",在反轻子和夸克之间传递相互作用的是具有ε物质性质的"编外"玻色子,在ε物质的相互交换下 e d共振与 νe u共振可以相互转变,并与早前的中微子统一模型、新名古屋模型相符.展开更多
The reason for baryon asymmetry in our universe has been an open question for many years. This note shows that the holographic principle requires a charged preon model underlying the Standard Model of particle physics...The reason for baryon asymmetry in our universe has been an open question for many years. This note shows that the holographic principle requires a charged preon model underlying the Standard Model of particle physics and, in consequence, requires baryon asymmetry. The baryon asymmetry predicted by a specific charged preon model in our closed inflationary Friedmann universe is consistent with observations.展开更多
Important problems of physics and cosmology may be decided if quarks, leptons and gauge bosons are composite particles. Dark matter from familons, existence of three generations of particles, existence of distinguishe...Important problems of physics and cosmology may be decided if quarks, leptons and gauge bosons are composite particles. Dark matter from familons, existence of three generations of particles, existence of distinguished scales in the Universe, and fractal distribution of baryon structures are natural phenomenon in the preon model of elementary particles. The origin of the scale hierarchy in the baryon component is clarified because of this component owing to gravitation repeated dark matter structuring. In dark matter phase transitions were on different z.展开更多
文摘Using real fields instead of complex ones, it is suggested here that the fermions are pairs of coupled strings with an internal tension. The interaction between the two coupled strings is due to an exchange mechanism which is proportional to Planck’s constant. This may be the result of two massless bosons (hypergluons) coupled by a preon (prequark) exchange. It also gives a physical explanation to the origin of the Planck constant, and origin of spin.
文摘This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.
文摘One of the fundamental questions is that “what the matter is composed of?” In 1897, atoms are known as the basic building blocks of matter. In the year 1911, Ernest Rutherford demonstrated that when alpha particles are scattered on a thin gold foil that the atom is composed of mostly empty space with a dense core at its center which is called the nucleus. Thereafter, protons and neutrons were discovered. In 1956, McAllister and Hofstadter published experimental results of elastic scattering of the electrons from a hydrogen target which revealed that the proton has an internal structure. In 1964, Gell-Mann (and independently) Zweig proposed that nucleons are composed of point-like particles which are called quarks. These quarks are postulated to have spin-1/2, fractional electric charge. Combinations of different flavors of quarks yield protons and neutrons which belong to the type of particles called baryons (built up from three quarks) and mesons as (quark and an antiquark). These two groups of particles are categorized as hadrons. The quarks showed further decay properties which suggested that they have a substructure.
文摘A previous preon scenario for the standard model particles, based on unbroken supersymmetry, is applied to the problem of matter-antimatter asymmetry. Attention is paid to the fact that the asymmetric hydrogen atom—like all atoms—can be described in terms of symmetric preons. Preons are created in the early universe. The matter-antimatter asymmetry is caused by stochastic correlations in charge density fluctuations of preons and antipreons and by the subsequent preon combinatorial mechanism to form quarks and leptons, and finally the three lightest elements. A tentative gravitino mass estimate is given based on minimal interference with nucleosynthesis. With local supersymmetry the scenario can be extended to supergravity.
文摘最近HERA发现 l q共振态可能是e+ d共振,该事例非标准模型(SM)所预期,与亚夸克层次有关.用价-海亚夸克混合模型和Preon模型给出的"编外"粒子研究 l q共振态的物理机制,结果发现:产生 l q共振的物理基础是由于"编外"玻色子中存在具有B+23物质性质的"反轻子型夸克",在反轻子和夸克之间传递相互作用的是具有ε物质性质的"编外"玻色子,在ε物质的相互交换下 e d共振与 νe u共振可以相互转变,并与早前的中微子统一模型、新名古屋模型相符.
文摘The reason for baryon asymmetry in our universe has been an open question for many years. This note shows that the holographic principle requires a charged preon model underlying the Standard Model of particle physics and, in consequence, requires baryon asymmetry. The baryon asymmetry predicted by a specific charged preon model in our closed inflationary Friedmann universe is consistent with observations.
文摘Important problems of physics and cosmology may be decided if quarks, leptons and gauge bosons are composite particles. Dark matter from familons, existence of three generations of particles, existence of distinguished scales in the Universe, and fractal distribution of baryon structures are natural phenomenon in the preon model of elementary particles. The origin of the scale hierarchy in the baryon component is clarified because of this component owing to gravitation repeated dark matter structuring. In dark matter phase transitions were on different z.
