This work provides an overview of distillation processes,including process design for different distillation processes,selection of entrainers for special distillation processes,system integration and intensification ...This work provides an overview of distillation processes,including process design for different distillation processes,selection of entrainers for special distillation processes,system integration and intensification of distillation processes,optimization of process parameters for distillation processes and recent research progress in dynamic control strategies.Firstly,the feasibility of using thermodynamic topological theories such as residual curve,phase equilibrium line and distillation boundary line to analyze different separation regions is discussed,and the rationality of distillation process design is discussed by using its feasibility.Secondly,the application of molecular simulation methods such as molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemical calculation in the screening of entrainer is discussed for the extractive distillation process.The thermal coupling mechanism of different distillation processes is used to explore the process of different process intensifications.Next,a mixed integer nonlinear optimization strategy for the distillation process based on different algorithms is introduced.Finally,the improvement of dynamic control strategies for different distillation processes in recent years is summarized.This work focuses on the application of process intensification and system optimization in the design of distillation process,and analyzes the challenges,prospects,and development trends of distillation technology in the separation of multicomponent azeotropes.展开更多
As a key component of injection molding,multi-cavity hot runner(MCHR)system faces the crucial problem of polymer melt filling imbalance among the cavities.The thermal imbalance in the system has been considered as the...As a key component of injection molding,multi-cavity hot runner(MCHR)system faces the crucial problem of polymer melt filling imbalance among the cavities.The thermal imbalance in the system has been considered as the leading cause.Hence,the solution may rest with the synchronization of those heating processes in MCHR system.This paper proposes a’Master-Slave’generalized predictive synchronization control(MS-GPSC)method with’Mr.Slowest’strategy for preheating stage of MCHR system.The core of the proposed method is choosing the heating process with slowest dynamics as the’Master’to track the setpoint,while the other heating processes are treated as‘Slaves’tracking the output of’Master’.This proposed method is shown to have the good ability of temperature synchronization.The corresponding analysis is conducted on parameters tuning and stability,simulations and experiments show the strategy is effective.展开更多
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to eliminate the fluctuations in train arrival and departure times caused by skewed distributions in interval operation times.These fluctuations arise from random origin and proces...Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to eliminate the fluctuations in train arrival and departure times caused by skewed distributions in interval operation times.These fluctuations arise from random origin and process factors during interval operations and can accumulate over multiple intervals.The aim is to enhance the robustness of high-speed rail station arrival and departure track utilization schemes.Design/methodologylapproach-To achieve this objective,the paper simulates actual train operations,incorporating the fluctuations in interval operation times into the utilization of arrival and departure tracks at the station.The Monte Carlo simulation method is adopted to solve this problem.This approach transforms a nonlinear model,which includes constraints from probability distribution functions and is difficult to solve directly,into a linear programming model that is easier to handle.The method then linearly weights two objectives to optimize the solution.Findings-Through the application of Monte Carlo simulation,the study successfully converts the complex nonlinear model with probability distribution function constraints into a manageable linear programming model.By continuously adjusting the weighting coefficients of the linear objectives,the method is able to optimize the Pareto solution.Notably,this approach does not require extensive scene data to obtain a satisfactory Pareto solution set.Originality/value-The paper contributes to the field by introducing a novel method for optimizing high-speed rail station arrival and departure track utilization in the presence of fluctuations in interval operation times.The use of Monte Carlo simulation to transform the problem into a tractable linear programming model represents a significant advancement.Furthermore,the method's ability to produce satisfactory Pareto solutions without relying on extensive data sets adds to its practical value and applicability in real-world scenarios.展开更多
L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled pro...L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.展开更多
Based on the two-dimensional （2D） system theory, an integrated predictive iterative learning control （2D-IPILC） strategy for batch processes is presented. First, the output response and the error transition model ...Based on the two-dimensional （2D） system theory, an integrated predictive iterative learning control （2D-IPILC） strategy for batch processes is presented. First, the output response and the error transition model predictions along the batch index can be calculated analytically due to the 2D Roesser model of the batch process. Then, an integrated framework of combining iterative learning control （ILC） and model predictive control （MPC） is formed reasonably. The output of feedforward ILC is estimated on the basis of the predefined process 2D model. By min- imizing a quadratic objective function, the feedback MPC is introduced to obtain better control performance for tracking problem of batch processes. Simulations on a typical batch reactor demonstrate that the satisfactory tracking performance as well as faster convergence speed can be achieved than traditional proportion type （P- t-we） ILC despite the model error and disturbances.展开更多
Beacuse the practical mathematic model of rolling process can't be built accurately,this paper established an expert system to control the rolling steels' gauge by adjusting the setup roll open, which combined...Beacuse the practical mathematic model of rolling process can't be built accurately,this paper established an expert system to control the rolling steels' gauge by adjusting the setup roll open, which combined the experience of theoreticians and operators. The system applied the expression method of rule-skeleton+rule-body', and selected an appropriate non-exact reference model and self-study algorithm. The whole system, including auxiliary routes, is designed in Borland C++. Some experiments on this system have been done, and a good result has been achieved.展开更多
This paper has found out some important input factors of reverse logistics in manufacturing system throuth analysis and summary,and established four kinds of technological process control models of reverse logistics i...This paper has found out some important input factors of reverse logistics in manufacturing system throuth analysis and summary,and established four kinds of technological process control models of reverse logistics in manufacturing system according to different processing methods. These models embed each other that form a cubic control system of reverse logistics.展开更多
The general structure of expert system for controlling sintering process has been proposed. It includes knowledge base, inference engine, data acquisition system, learning system, knowledge base management system, exp...The general structure of expert system for controlling sintering process has been proposed. It includes knowledge base, inference engine, data acquisition system, learning system, knowledge base management system, explanation system and so on. The control functions consist of sintering chemical composition control centered on basicity and sintering process state control centered on permeability. The adaptive prediction of sintering chemical composition, the control strategy centered on basicity, the control strategy centered on permeability, the judgement of permeability and the prediction of burn through point were studied. The software of system, which includes about 1 000 expert rules, was successfully applied in off line control of sintering process in a sintering plant.展开更多
The Dynamic Matrix Control （DMC） algorithm tor integral processes is investigated in this paper. The reason why the original DMC algorithm cannot be applied to these processes is analyzed. The shifting matrix is tra...The Dynamic Matrix Control （DMC） algorithm tor integral processes is investigated in this paper. The reason why the original DMC algorithm cannot be applied to these processes is analyzed. The shifting matrix is transformed into another form and the corresponding theorem is proved, then its applicable range is extended. Compared with other algorithms on the integral processes, this algorithm is more practical and simple to implement. Simulation results also prove its validity. Applying this algorithm, we succeed in the control of the boiler level system in power units.展开更多
Objective: This paper takes the example of a Panax notoginseng extraction workshop and designs an automated production workshop with advanced domestic capabilities. Methods: 1) Based on the small-scale Panax notoginse...Objective: This paper takes the example of a Panax notoginseng extraction workshop and designs an automated production workshop with advanced domestic capabilities. Methods: 1) Based on the small-scale Panax notoginseng extraction process, the feasibility of the workshop production process is demonstrated. 2) The workshop process design for Panax Notoginseng saponin extraction is completed, including production organization plans and the selection of key equipment. 3) For the Panax notoginseng extraction workshop process, an automated production control system is designed. Conclusion: Through optimized design of the production process and automation system, continuous and automated production of traditional Chinese medicine extraction is achieved, leading to improvements in drug quality and production efficiency.展开更多
Based on frequency response and convex optimization,a novel optimal control system was developed for chemical processes.The feedforward control is designed to improve the tracking performance of closed loop chemical s...Based on frequency response and convex optimization,a novel optimal control system was developed for chemical processes.The feedforward control is designed to improve the tracking performance of closed loop chemical systems.The parametric model is not required because the system directly utilizes the frequency response of the loop transfer function,which can be measured accurately.In particular,the extremal values of magnitude and phase can be solved according to constrained quadratic programming optimizer and convex optimization.Simulation examples show the effectiveness of the method.The design method is simple and easily adopted in chemical industry.展开更多
This survey paper provides a review and perspective on intermediate and advanced reinforcement learning(RL)techniques in process industries. It offers a holistic approach by covering all levels of the process control ...This survey paper provides a review and perspective on intermediate and advanced reinforcement learning(RL)techniques in process industries. It offers a holistic approach by covering all levels of the process control hierarchy. The survey paper presents a comprehensive overview of RL algorithms,including fundamental concepts like Markov decision processes and different approaches to RL, such as value-based, policy-based, and actor-critic methods, while also discussing the relationship between classical control and RL. It further reviews the wide-ranging applications of RL in process industries, such as soft sensors, low-level control, high-level control, distributed process control, fault detection and fault tolerant control, optimization,planning, scheduling, and supply chain. The survey paper discusses the limitations and advantages, trends and new applications, and opportunities and future prospects for RL in process industries. Moreover, it highlights the need for a holistic approach in complex systems due to the growing importance of digitalization in the process industries.展开更多
In order to control sintering process,improve permeability and stabilize burn through point, a control scheme which combines thermal state with permeability state is proposed, and an expert system for controlling sint...In order to control sintering process,improve permeability and stabilize burn through point, a control scheme which combines thermal state with permeability state is proposed, and an expert system for controlling sintering process state is developed, the software which includes about 1000 expert rules is successfully applied to off line control of sintering process.展开更多
3D elastic-plastic FE model for simulating the force controlled stretch-bending process of double-cavity aluminum profile was established using hybrid explicit−implicit solvent method.Considering the computational acc...3D elastic-plastic FE model for simulating the force controlled stretch-bending process of double-cavity aluminum profile was established using hybrid explicit−implicit solvent method.Considering the computational accuracy and efficiency,the optimal choices of numerical parameters and algorithms in FE modelling were determined.The formation mechanisms of cross-section distortion and springback were revealed.The effects of pre-stretching,post-stretching,friction,and the addition of internal fillers on forming quality were investigated.The results show that the stress state of profile in stretch-bending is uniaxial with only a circumferential stress.The stress distribution along the length direction of profile is non-uniform and the maximum tensile stress is located at a certain distance away from the center of profile.As aluminum profile is gradually attached to bending die,the distribution characteristic of cross-section distortion along the length direction of profile changes from V-shape to W-shape.After unloading the forming tools,cross-section distortion decreases obviously due to the stress relaxation,with a maximum distortion difference of 13%before and after unloading.As pre-stretching and post-stretching forces increase,cross-section distortion increases gradually,while springback first decreases and then remains unchanged.With increasing friction between bending die and profile,cross-section distortion slightly decreases,while springback increases.Cross-section distortion decreases by 83%with adding PVC fillers into the cavities of profile,while springback increases by 192.2%.展开更多
Large-scale and complex process systems are essentially interconnected networks.The automated operation of such process networks requires the solution of control and optimization problems in a distributed manner.In th...Large-scale and complex process systems are essentially interconnected networks.The automated operation of such process networks requires the solution of control and optimization problems in a distributed manner.In this approach,the network is decomposed into several subsystems,each of which is under the supervision of a corresponding computing agent(controller,optimizer).The agents coordinate their control and optimization decisions based on information communication among them.In recent years,algorithms and methods for distributed control and optimization are undergoing rapid development.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive,up-to-date review with perspectives and discussions on possible future directions.展开更多
For a standalone PV （photovoltaic） power generation system, the author previously proposed a new MPPT （maximum power point tracking） control method in which the I-V characteristics are scanned with a detection int...For a standalone PV （photovoltaic） power generation system, the author previously proposed a new MPPT （maximum power point tracking） control method in which the I-V characteristics are scanned with a detection interval control that operates at specified intervals and monitors the maximum power point. The author has obtained satisfactory results using this new MPPT control method. This paper investigates the application of the new MPPT control method for a PCS （power conditioning system） in a grid-connected type PV power generation system. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the developed PCS offers outstanding effectiveness in tracking the maximum power point in partially shaded environments.展开更多
Based on the CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) model and Lyapunov stability law,a controller design method using cost function was proposed,the parameter selecting method of the controller was obtained b...Based on the CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) model and Lyapunov stability law,a controller design method using cost function was proposed,the parameter selecting method of the controller was obtained by analyzing the convergence of control algorithms and the stability of the control system.The strategy is applicable to the process where output can be measured and a CMAC model has been obtained.A simulation example is given to demonstrate the correctness and practicality of the proposed strategy.展开更多
文摘This work provides an overview of distillation processes,including process design for different distillation processes,selection of entrainers for special distillation processes,system integration and intensification of distillation processes,optimization of process parameters for distillation processes and recent research progress in dynamic control strategies.Firstly,the feasibility of using thermodynamic topological theories such as residual curve,phase equilibrium line and distillation boundary line to analyze different separation regions is discussed,and the rationality of distillation process design is discussed by using its feasibility.Secondly,the application of molecular simulation methods such as molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemical calculation in the screening of entrainer is discussed for the extractive distillation process.The thermal coupling mechanism of different distillation processes is used to explore the process of different process intensifications.Next,a mixed integer nonlinear optimization strategy for the distillation process based on different algorithms is introduced.Finally,the improvement of dynamic control strategies for different distillation processes in recent years is summarized.This work focuses on the application of process intensification and system optimization in the design of distillation process,and analyzes the challenges,prospects,and development trends of distillation technology in the separation of multicomponent azeotropes.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62203127)Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou City(2023A04J1712)+1 种基金The Foshan-HKUST Projects Program(FSUST19-FYTRI01)GDAS’Project of Science and Technology Development(2020GDASYL-20200202001).
文摘As a key component of injection molding,multi-cavity hot runner(MCHR)system faces the crucial problem of polymer melt filling imbalance among the cavities.The thermal imbalance in the system has been considered as the leading cause.Hence,the solution may rest with the synchronization of those heating processes in MCHR system.This paper proposes a’Master-Slave’generalized predictive synchronization control(MS-GPSC)method with’Mr.Slowest’strategy for preheating stage of MCHR system.The core of the proposed method is choosing the heating process with slowest dynamics as the’Master’to track the setpoint,while the other heating processes are treated as‘Slaves’tracking the output of’Master’.This proposed method is shown to have the good ability of temperature synchronization.The corresponding analysis is conducted on parameters tuning and stability,simulations and experiments show the strategy is effective.
文摘Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to eliminate the fluctuations in train arrival and departure times caused by skewed distributions in interval operation times.These fluctuations arise from random origin and process factors during interval operations and can accumulate over multiple intervals.The aim is to enhance the robustness of high-speed rail station arrival and departure track utilization schemes.Design/methodologylapproach-To achieve this objective,the paper simulates actual train operations,incorporating the fluctuations in interval operation times into the utilization of arrival and departure tracks at the station.The Monte Carlo simulation method is adopted to solve this problem.This approach transforms a nonlinear model,which includes constraints from probability distribution functions and is difficult to solve directly,into a linear programming model that is easier to handle.The method then linearly weights two objectives to optimize the solution.Findings-Through the application of Monte Carlo simulation,the study successfully converts the complex nonlinear model with probability distribution function constraints into a manageable linear programming model.By continuously adjusting the weighting coefficients of the linear objectives,the method is able to optimize the Pareto solution.Notably,this approach does not require extensive scene data to obtain a satisfactory Pareto solution set.Originality/value-The paper contributes to the field by introducing a novel method for optimizing high-speed rail station arrival and departure track utilization in the presence of fluctuations in interval operation times.The use of Monte Carlo simulation to transform the problem into a tractable linear programming model represents a significant advancement.Furthermore,the method's ability to produce satisfactory Pareto solutions without relying on extensive data sets adds to its practical value and applicability in real-world scenarios.
文摘L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.
基金Supported in part by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(2012CB720505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61174105,60874049)
文摘Based on the two-dimensional （2D） system theory, an integrated predictive iterative learning control （2D-IPILC） strategy for batch processes is presented. First, the output response and the error transition model predictions along the batch index can be calculated analytically due to the 2D Roesser model of the batch process. Then, an integrated framework of combining iterative learning control （ILC） and model predictive control （MPC） is formed reasonably. The output of feedforward ILC is estimated on the basis of the predefined process 2D model. By min- imizing a quadratic objective function, the feedback MPC is introduced to obtain better control performance for tracking problem of batch processes. Simulations on a typical batch reactor demonstrate that the satisfactory tracking performance as well as faster convergence speed can be achieved than traditional proportion type （P- t-we） ILC despite the model error and disturbances.
文摘Beacuse the practical mathematic model of rolling process can't be built accurately,this paper established an expert system to control the rolling steels' gauge by adjusting the setup roll open, which combined the experience of theoreticians and operators. The system applied the expression method of rule-skeleton+rule-body', and selected an appropriate non-exact reference model and self-study algorithm. The whole system, including auxiliary routes, is designed in Borland C++. Some experiments on this system have been done, and a good result has been achieved.
文摘This paper has found out some important input factors of reverse logistics in manufacturing system throuth analysis and summary,and established four kinds of technological process control models of reverse logistics in manufacturing system according to different processing methods. These models embed each other that form a cubic control system of reverse logistics.
文摘The general structure of expert system for controlling sintering process has been proposed. It includes knowledge base, inference engine, data acquisition system, learning system, knowledge base management system, explanation system and so on. The control functions consist of sintering chemical composition control centered on basicity and sintering process state control centered on permeability. The adaptive prediction of sintering chemical composition, the control strategy centered on basicity, the control strategy centered on permeability, the judgement of permeability and the prediction of burn through point were studied. The software of system, which includes about 1 000 expert rules, was successfully applied in off line control of sintering process in a sintering plant.
文摘The Dynamic Matrix Control （DMC） algorithm tor integral processes is investigated in this paper. The reason why the original DMC algorithm cannot be applied to these processes is analyzed. The shifting matrix is transformed into another form and the corresponding theorem is proved, then its applicable range is extended. Compared with other algorithms on the integral processes, this algorithm is more practical and simple to implement. Simulation results also prove its validity. Applying this algorithm, we succeed in the control of the boiler level system in power units.
文摘Objective: This paper takes the example of a Panax notoginseng extraction workshop and designs an automated production workshop with advanced domestic capabilities. Methods: 1) Based on the small-scale Panax notoginseng extraction process, the feasibility of the workshop production process is demonstrated. 2) The workshop process design for Panax Notoginseng saponin extraction is completed, including production organization plans and the selection of key equipment. 3) For the Panax notoginseng extraction workshop process, an automated production control system is designed. Conclusion: Through optimized design of the production process and automation system, continuous and automated production of traditional Chinese medicine extraction is achieved, leading to improvements in drug quality and production efficiency.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（51205133） Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai（11ZR1409000） Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China（20110074120007）
文摘Based on frequency response and convex optimization,a novel optimal control system was developed for chemical processes.The feedforward control is designed to improve the tracking performance of closed loop chemical systems.The parametric model is not required because the system directly utilizes the frequency response of the loop transfer function,which can be measured accurately.In particular,the extremal values of magnitude and phase can be solved according to constrained quadratic programming optimizer and convex optimization.Simulation examples show the effectiveness of the method.The design method is simple and easily adopted in chemical industry.
基金supported in part by the Natural Sciences Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)。
文摘This survey paper provides a review and perspective on intermediate and advanced reinforcement learning(RL)techniques in process industries. It offers a holistic approach by covering all levels of the process control hierarchy. The survey paper presents a comprehensive overview of RL algorithms,including fundamental concepts like Markov decision processes and different approaches to RL, such as value-based, policy-based, and actor-critic methods, while also discussing the relationship between classical control and RL. It further reviews the wide-ranging applications of RL in process industries, such as soft sensors, low-level control, high-level control, distributed process control, fault detection and fault tolerant control, optimization,planning, scheduling, and supply chain. The survey paper discusses the limitations and advantages, trends and new applications, and opportunities and future prospects for RL in process industries. Moreover, it highlights the need for a holistic approach in complex systems due to the growing importance of digitalization in the process industries.
文摘In order to control sintering process,improve permeability and stabilize burn through point, a control scheme which combines thermal state with permeability state is proposed, and an expert system for controlling sintering process state is developed, the software which includes about 1000 expert rules is successfully applied to off line control of sintering process.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52005244,U20A20275)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2021JJ30573,2023JJ60193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body,China(No.31715011)。
文摘3D elastic-plastic FE model for simulating the force controlled stretch-bending process of double-cavity aluminum profile was established using hybrid explicit−implicit solvent method.Considering the computational accuracy and efficiency,the optimal choices of numerical parameters and algorithms in FE modelling were determined.The formation mechanisms of cross-section distortion and springback were revealed.The effects of pre-stretching,post-stretching,friction,and the addition of internal fillers on forming quality were investigated.The results show that the stress state of profile in stretch-bending is uniaxial with only a circumferential stress.The stress distribution along the length direction of profile is non-uniform and the maximum tensile stress is located at a certain distance away from the center of profile.As aluminum profile is gradually attached to bending die,the distribution characteristic of cross-section distortion along the length direction of profile changes from V-shape to W-shape.After unloading the forming tools,cross-section distortion decreases obviously due to the stress relaxation,with a maximum distortion difference of 13%before and after unloading.As pre-stretching and post-stretching forces increase,cross-section distortion increases gradually,while springback first decreases and then remains unchanged.With increasing friction between bending die and profile,cross-section distortion slightly decreases,while springback increases.Cross-section distortion decreases by 83%with adding PVC fillers into the cavities of profile,while springback increases by 192.2%.
基金Supported by Division of Chemical,Bioengineering,Environmental and Transport Systems(CBET) of the National Science Foundation(NSF) of the United States of America
文摘Large-scale and complex process systems are essentially interconnected networks.The automated operation of such process networks requires the solution of control and optimization problems in a distributed manner.In this approach,the network is decomposed into several subsystems,each of which is under the supervision of a corresponding computing agent(controller,optimizer).The agents coordinate their control and optimization decisions based on information communication among them.In recent years,algorithms and methods for distributed control and optimization are undergoing rapid development.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive,up-to-date review with perspectives and discussions on possible future directions.
文摘For a standalone PV （photovoltaic） power generation system, the author previously proposed a new MPPT （maximum power point tracking） control method in which the I-V characteristics are scanned with a detection interval control that operates at specified intervals and monitors the maximum power point. The author has obtained satisfactory results using this new MPPT control method. This paper investigates the application of the new MPPT control method for a PCS （power conditioning system） in a grid-connected type PV power generation system. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the developed PCS offers outstanding effectiveness in tracking the maximum power point in partially shaded environments.
文摘Based on the CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) model and Lyapunov stability law,a controller design method using cost function was proposed,the parameter selecting method of the controller was obtained by analyzing the convergence of control algorithms and the stability of the control system.The strategy is applicable to the process where output can be measured and a CMAC model has been obtained.A simulation example is given to demonstrate the correctness and practicality of the proposed strategy.
