Whole grains of proso and barnyard millets were sequentially extracted using different solvents(hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and methanol).Phytochemical analysis was performed qualitatively,and the total phenolic c...Whole grains of proso and barnyard millets were sequentially extracted using different solvents(hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and methanol).Phytochemical analysis was performed qualitatively,and the total phenolic content in the extracts of proso and barnyard millets was quantified.Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were identified in all solvent extracts of both millets.Anthraquinone and glycosides yielded negative results in all solvent extracts of both millets.Among all the solvent extracts,methanol extracts of proso and barnyard millets showed the presence of major compounds such as flavonoids,terpenoids,amino acids,tannins,and phenolics compounds.The maximum amount of phenols was found in methanolic extracts of proso and barnyard millets(0.669±0.003 and 0.625±0.003),followed by the chloroform extract of proso and barnyard millets(0.284±0.002 and 0.257±0.003).The minimum amount of phenolics was found in the acetone extract of proso and barnyard millets.The methanol extract of both millets showed the presence of major compounds with high phenolic content.展开更多
通过比较分别饲喂不同蛋白源(酪蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、Proso m illet醇溶蛋白)饲料的小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)、甘油三酯(TG)浓度,旨在评价Proso m illet醇溶蛋白对小鼠胆固醇代谢...通过比较分别饲喂不同蛋白源(酪蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、Proso m illet醇溶蛋白)饲料的小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)、甘油三酯(TG)浓度,旨在评价Proso m illet醇溶蛋白对小鼠胆固醇代谢的特定作用,并通过体外实验探讨其作用机理。结果显示,以Prosom illet醇溶蛋白(添加1.83%Lys和0.23%Trp)为唯一氮源的小鼠日粮对TC、TG无明显作用,却能显著提高小鼠血清HDL-c浓度(P<0.05),降低小鼠动脉硬化指数(AI)。但在体外其并不能抑制羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶的活性,即不能直接抑制胆固醇的合成,所以,其对胆固醇代谢的调节作用另有其他途径。展开更多
Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections. In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as m...Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections. In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as materials to observe inflorescence color, leaf phase, inflorescence density, axis shape, branched spike length, panicle type, trichome, measured area of the top3 leaves, and chlorophyll content of the top3 leaves at filling stage. These core collections were also used to record growth period, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, branch number, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and panicle weight per plant at the maturation stage. Starch, fat, protein, and yellow pigment contents in the grain and 1 000-seed weight were also measured after harvest. Then, quantitative traits were used for diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of each collection. Correlations between all traits were also analyzed. Results showed that among the 8 quality traits, the Shannon index(H′) of hull color was the highest(1.588) followed by the H′ of inflorescence density(0.984). However, inflorescence color and axis shape were lower. The H′ of 16 quantitative traits were significantly higher than the quality traits with the following traits having the highest indices: fat content(2.092), 1 000-seed weight(2.073), top3 leaves area(2.070), main stem diameter(2.056), and plant height(2.052). Furthermore, all other traits had a diversity higher than 1.900. After a comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, leaf area of top3 leaves, and 1 000-seed weight were the biggest contributors to the principal components. Six high-fat and high-protein cultivars, including Nuoshu, A75-2, Zhiduoaosizhi, Panlonghuangmi, Xiaobaishu, and Xiaohongshu were also screened. Correlations between the quantitative traits were significant, including the correlation between quality traits and quantitative traits. In conclusion, the core collections can be used as basis for discriminating among proso millet cultivars based on related traits and for further studies on millet with rich genetic diversity, good representation, and significant collection between traits.展开更多
The yielding ability and stability and adaptability of eight proso millet varieties from Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang and Hebei were analyzed and evaluated in different ecological regions including Zhangjiakou,H...The yielding ability and stability and adaptability of eight proso millet varieties from Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang and Hebei were analyzed and evaluated in different ecological regions including Zhangjiakou,Huanghua and Shijiazhuang in 2015. The results showed that Chishu No. 2 and Jishu No. 2 have stronger yielding ability,and their grain yields were 3 144. 42( highest) and 3 133. 15 kg/ha respectively,ranking first and second in the test varieties. In areas with low fertility,especially in saline-alkali areas,they still have potential for high yields,so they are suitable for promotion in large areas in Hebei Province. Neimi No. 8 and Yanshu No. 11 showed special adaptability under different ecological conditions. They require high-fertility soil and can be planted in the spring millet area in north of Hebei.展开更多
According to the ecological environment and current status of weeds in northern Hebei Province,five herbicides were screened out to test weed control efficacy and crop safety. The result showed that Gaolaotou was more...According to the ecological environment and current status of weeds in northern Hebei Province,five herbicides were screened out to test weed control efficacy and crop safety. The result showed that Gaolaotou was more economic and effective when spraying in soil on the sowing day at the dose of 2 250 m L/hm^2.展开更多
The experiments were conducted for three consecutive years across 14 locations using 9 non-waxy proso millet genotypes and 16 locations using 7 waxy proso millet genotypes in China. The objectives of this study were t...The experiments were conducted for three consecutive years across 14 locations using 9 non-waxy proso millet genotypes and 16 locations using 7 waxy proso millet genotypes in China. The objectives of this study were to analyze yield stability and adaptability of proso millets and to evaluate the discrimination and representativeness of locations by analysis of variance(ANOVA) and genotype and genotype by environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. Grain yields of proso millet genotypes were significantly influenced by environment(E), genotype(G) and their interaction(G×E)(P<0.1%). G×E interaction effect was six times higher than G effect in non-waxy group and seven times in waxy group. N04-339 in non-waxy and Neimi 6(NM6) in waxy showed higher grain yields and stability compared with other genotypes. Also, Neimi 9(NM9, a non-waxy cultivar) and 90322-2-33(a waxy cultivar) showed higher adaptability in 7 and in 11 locations, respectively. For non-waxy, Dalat, Inner Mongolia(E2) and Wuzhai, Shanxi(E5) were the best sites among all the locations for maximizing the variance among candidate cultivars, and Yanchi, Ningxia(E10) had the best representativeness. Wuzhai, Shanxi(e9) and Yanchi, Ningxia(e14) were the best representative locations, and Baicheng, Jilin(e2) was better discriminating location than others for waxy genotypes. Based on our results, E10 and e14 have enhanced efficiency and accuracy for non-waxy genotypes and waxy genotypes selection, respectively in national regional test of proso millet varieties.展开更多
Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced ...Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced no yield improvement and provides low income to farmers.In this study,200 accessions of proso millet originating in 30 countries were evaluated in two rainy seasons to assess phenotypic diversity for morpho-agronomic and grain nutritional traits and to identify high grain-yielding and grain nutrient-rich accessions.Proso millet diversity was structured by geographical region,by country within region,and by racial group.Race patentissimum showed high diversity and ovatum low diversity,and diverged widely from each other.The lowest divergence was observed between races compactum and ovatum.Eighteen high grain-yielding,10 large-seeded,and 26 two or more grain nutrients-rich accessions were identified,and highly diverse pairs of accessions within and between trait groups were identified.They included IPm 9 and IPm2661 for high grain yield and large seed size;and IPm 2069,IPm 2076,and IPm 2537 for high Fe,Zn,Ca,and protein contents.IPm 2875 had a seed coat that is readily removed by threshing.This study provides valuable information to proso millet researchers about agronomic and nutritional traits in accessions that could be tested for regional adaption and yield for direct release as cultivars,and could be used in breeding for developing high grain-yielding and nutrient-rich cultivars.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the parents of proso millet breeding in dry land of south Ningxia,with the aim to improve the production of hilly proso millet in Ningxia ...[Objective] This study was to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the parents of proso millet breeding in dry land of south Ningxia,with the aim to improve the production of hilly proso millet in Ningxia hilly area. [Method]The genetic diversity of 46 accessions of dryland proso millet germplasm at 11 agronomic traits were analyzed by using principal component analysis,Shannon-weaver diversity index and non-weighted matching arithmetic average clustering method( UPGMA). Cluster analysis was also performed. [Result] The proso millet resources mainly had green inflorescence color,panicle spikes,and yellow grain color. The maximum diversity index of proso millet was 2. 03. The variation coefficient of grain weight per plant was 19. 23. In all the principal components,the main information concentrated on the first 4 principal components with the cumulative contribution rate reaching 83. 34%. The tested materials were clustered into 3 categories at euclidean distance of 0. 984 4. The first category contained 41 germplasm resources,the second contained 2,and the third category contained 3.[Conclusion]This study could provide references for the targeted use of drought-resistant parents to select hybrid combinations of proso millet in Ningxia.展开更多
【目的】干旱是影响糜子生长发育及产量的主要制约因素之一,筛选优异抗旱资源及鉴定指标,为抗旱品种的选育和抗旱分子机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】以200份糜子核心种质资源为研究对象,于2021—2022年在甘肃敦煌连续开展2年的田间成株...【目的】干旱是影响糜子生长发育及产量的主要制约因素之一,筛选优异抗旱资源及鉴定指标,为抗旱品种的选育和抗旱分子机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】以200份糜子核心种质资源为研究对象,于2021—2022年在甘肃敦煌连续开展2年的田间成株期抗旱性鉴定,试验设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理,测定叶面积(leafarea,LA)、主茎直径(mainstem diameter,MSD)、主茎节数(number of main stem nodes,NMSN)、主穗长(main panicle length,MPL)、穗下节间长度(pedunclelength,PL)、株高(plantheight,PH)、单株草重(strawweightperplant,SWPP)、单株穗重(panicleweight perplant,PWPP)、单株粒重(grainweightperplant,GWPP)、千粒重(thousandgrainweight,TGW)和小区产量(yield perplot,YPP)11个指标,采用综合抗旱系数(CDTC值)、抗旱指数(DRI值)和抗旱性度量值(D值)对糜子成株期抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】在不同水分处理条件下,叶面积、主茎直径、主茎节数、主穗长、穗下节间长度、株高、单株草重、单株穗重、单株粒重、千粒重和小区产量11个指标在不同种质间均表现为显著差异。干旱胁迫处理下,糜子的生长受到抑制,11个指标测定值均较正常灌水处理明显降低,且小区产量对干旱胁迫较敏感。相关性分析发现,11个测定指标的抗旱系数间均呈现出一定的相关性,其中,单株穗重和单株粒重的相关性最强,相关系数为0.943。主成分分析将11个鉴定指标转换成6个主成分,累计方差贡献率达80.667%。基于CDTC值、DRI值和D值的糜子资源抗旱性排序基本一致。根据D值利用聚类分析将200份糜子种质资源抗旱性划分为4类,第Ⅰ类为强抗旱型有10份,第Ⅱ类为抗旱型有70份,第Ⅲ类为干旱敏感型有81份,第Ⅳ类为干旱极敏感型有39份。株高、单株粒重、单株穗重和主穗长与D值的相关性较高,相关系数分别为0.756、0.697、0.696和0.679。通过逐步回归分析构建了糜子成株期抗旱评价的回归方程:Y=-1.509+0.362X1+0.174X2+0.349X3+0.389X4+0.307X5+0.251X6+0.218X7。【结论】抗旱性度量值法适宜于糜子成株期抗旱性评价;筛选出巴林左疙塔黍(00000525)、高台乌糜子(00002677)和民乐红糜子(00002687)等10份强抗旱性材料;株高、单株穗重和主穗长可作为糜子成株期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标。展开更多
In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and func...In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and functional properties.Significant differences in starch particle morphology,swelling power,solubility,syneresis,crystalline pattern,and pasting viscosity were observed among the starches from these nontraditional sources.Further,all these isolated starches had unique properties because of their characteristic distinct granules when seen under scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The amylose content of the isolated starches shown significant difference(P<0.05),and the values ranged between 11.46%and 37.61%.Results demonstrated that the isolated starches contained between 79.82%to 86.56%starch,indicating that the isolated starches had high purity.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns of starches isolated from sorghum,proso millet,quinoa,purple potato,and gorgon fruit presented A-type diffraction pattern;while lentil seeds,arrowhead,and chickpea starches presented C-type diffraction pattern.Overall,these results will promote the development of products based on starch isolated from non-traditional starches.展开更多
文摘Whole grains of proso and barnyard millets were sequentially extracted using different solvents(hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and methanol).Phytochemical analysis was performed qualitatively,and the total phenolic content in the extracts of proso and barnyard millets was quantified.Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were identified in all solvent extracts of both millets.Anthraquinone and glycosides yielded negative results in all solvent extracts of both millets.Among all the solvent extracts,methanol extracts of proso and barnyard millets showed the presence of major compounds such as flavonoids,terpenoids,amino acids,tannins,and phenolics compounds.The maximum amount of phenols was found in methanolic extracts of proso and barnyard millets(0.669±0.003 and 0.625±0.003),followed by the chloroform extract of proso and barnyard millets(0.284±0.002 and 0.257±0.003).The minimum amount of phenolics was found in the acetone extract of proso and barnyard millets.The methanol extract of both millets showed the presence of major compounds with high phenolic content.
文摘通过比较分别饲喂不同蛋白源(酪蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、Proso m illet醇溶蛋白)饲料的小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)、甘油三酯(TG)浓度,旨在评价Proso m illet醇溶蛋白对小鼠胆固醇代谢的特定作用,并通过体外实验探讨其作用机理。结果显示,以Prosom illet醇溶蛋白(添加1.83%Lys和0.23%Trp)为唯一氮源的小鼠日粮对TC、TG无明显作用,却能显著提高小鼠血清HDL-c浓度(P<0.05),降低小鼠动脉硬化指数(AI)。但在体外其并不能抑制羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶的活性,即不能直接抑制胆固醇的合成,所以,其对胆固醇代谢的调节作用另有其他途径。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371529)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-06-A26)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2014BAD07B03)
文摘Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections. In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as materials to observe inflorescence color, leaf phase, inflorescence density, axis shape, branched spike length, panicle type, trichome, measured area of the top3 leaves, and chlorophyll content of the top3 leaves at filling stage. These core collections were also used to record growth period, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, branch number, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and panicle weight per plant at the maturation stage. Starch, fat, protein, and yellow pigment contents in the grain and 1 000-seed weight were also measured after harvest. Then, quantitative traits were used for diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of each collection. Correlations between all traits were also analyzed. Results showed that among the 8 quality traits, the Shannon index(H′) of hull color was the highest(1.588) followed by the H′ of inflorescence density(0.984). However, inflorescence color and axis shape were lower. The H′ of 16 quantitative traits were significantly higher than the quality traits with the following traits having the highest indices: fat content(2.092), 1 000-seed weight(2.073), top3 leaves area(2.070), main stem diameter(2.056), and plant height(2.052). Furthermore, all other traits had a diversity higher than 1.900. After a comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, leaf area of top3 leaves, and 1 000-seed weight were the biggest contributors to the principal components. Six high-fat and high-protein cultivars, including Nuoshu, A75-2, Zhiduoaosizhi, Panlonghuangmi, Xiaobaishu, and Xiaohongshu were also screened. Correlations between the quantitative traits were significant, including the correlation between quality traits and quantitative traits. In conclusion, the core collections can be used as basis for discriminating among proso millet cultivars based on related traits and for further studies on millet with rich genetic diversity, good representation, and significant collection between traits.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-06-13.5-A10)Special Financial Fund of Hebei Province(F16R03,F17R01)Department of Science and Technology of Hebei Province(17236405D)
文摘The yielding ability and stability and adaptability of eight proso millet varieties from Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang and Hebei were analyzed and evaluated in different ecological regions including Zhangjiakou,Huanghua and Shijiazhuang in 2015. The results showed that Chishu No. 2 and Jishu No. 2 have stronger yielding ability,and their grain yields were 3 144. 42( highest) and 3 133. 15 kg/ha respectively,ranking first and second in the test varieties. In areas with low fertility,especially in saline-alkali areas,they still have potential for high yields,so they are suitable for promotion in large areas in Hebei Province. Neimi No. 8 and Yanshu No. 11 showed special adaptability under different ecological conditions. They require high-fertility soil and can be planted in the spring millet area in north of Hebei.
基金Supported by China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-06-13.5-A10)Key Technology Innovation and Demonstration for Development of Millet Industry(F16R03)Key Technology for Breakthrough Varieties Breeding and Quality Enhancement of Foxtail Millet and Minor Cereal Crops(F17R01)
文摘According to the ecological environment and current status of weeds in northern Hebei Province,five herbicides were screened out to test weed control efficacy and crop safety. The result showed that Gaolaotou was more economic and effective when spraying in soil on the sowing day at the dose of 2 250 m L/hm^2.
基金funded by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2014BAD07B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371529)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (LBH-Z14177)the project of Education Department in Heilongjiang Province, China (12541599)the China Agricultural Research System (CARS07-13.5-A9)
文摘The experiments were conducted for three consecutive years across 14 locations using 9 non-waxy proso millet genotypes and 16 locations using 7 waxy proso millet genotypes in China. The objectives of this study were to analyze yield stability and adaptability of proso millets and to evaluate the discrimination and representativeness of locations by analysis of variance(ANOVA) and genotype and genotype by environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. Grain yields of proso millet genotypes were significantly influenced by environment(E), genotype(G) and their interaction(G×E)(P<0.1%). G×E interaction effect was six times higher than G effect in non-waxy group and seven times in waxy group. N04-339 in non-waxy and Neimi 6(NM6) in waxy showed higher grain yields and stability compared with other genotypes. Also, Neimi 9(NM9, a non-waxy cultivar) and 90322-2-33(a waxy cultivar) showed higher adaptability in 7 and in 11 locations, respectively. For non-waxy, Dalat, Inner Mongolia(E2) and Wuzhai, Shanxi(E5) were the best sites among all the locations for maximizing the variance among candidate cultivars, and Yanchi, Ningxia(E10) had the best representativeness. Wuzhai, Shanxi(e9) and Yanchi, Ningxia(e14) were the best representative locations, and Baicheng, Jilin(e2) was better discriminating location than others for waxy genotypes. Based on our results, E10 and e14 have enhanced efficiency and accuracy for non-waxy genotypes and waxy genotypes selection, respectively in national regional test of proso millet varieties.
文摘Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced no yield improvement and provides low income to farmers.In this study,200 accessions of proso millet originating in 30 countries were evaluated in two rainy seasons to assess phenotypic diversity for morpho-agronomic and grain nutritional traits and to identify high grain-yielding and grain nutrient-rich accessions.Proso millet diversity was structured by geographical region,by country within region,and by racial group.Race patentissimum showed high diversity and ovatum low diversity,and diverged widely from each other.The lowest divergence was observed between races compactum and ovatum.Eighteen high grain-yielding,10 large-seeded,and 26 two or more grain nutrients-rich accessions were identified,and highly diverse pairs of accessions within and between trait groups were identified.They included IPm 9 and IPm2661 for high grain yield and large seed size;and IPm 2069,IPm 2076,and IPm 2537 for high Fe,Zn,Ca,and protein contents.IPm 2875 had a seed coat that is readily removed by threshing.This study provides valuable information to proso millet researchers about agronomic and nutritional traits in accessions that could be tested for regional adaption and yield for direct release as cultivars,and could be used in breeding for developing high grain-yielding and nutrient-rich cultivars.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(NZ15269)the China Agriculture Research System for Proso Millet(CARS-07-13.5-A13)the Full Industry Chain Science and Technology Innovation Demonstration Project in Ningxia(QCYL-18-08)
文摘[Objective] This study was to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the parents of proso millet breeding in dry land of south Ningxia,with the aim to improve the production of hilly proso millet in Ningxia hilly area. [Method]The genetic diversity of 46 accessions of dryland proso millet germplasm at 11 agronomic traits were analyzed by using principal component analysis,Shannon-weaver diversity index and non-weighted matching arithmetic average clustering method( UPGMA). Cluster analysis was also performed. [Result] The proso millet resources mainly had green inflorescence color,panicle spikes,and yellow grain color. The maximum diversity index of proso millet was 2. 03. The variation coefficient of grain weight per plant was 19. 23. In all the principal components,the main information concentrated on the first 4 principal components with the cumulative contribution rate reaching 83. 34%. The tested materials were clustered into 3 categories at euclidean distance of 0. 984 4. The first category contained 41 germplasm resources,the second contained 2,and the third category contained 3.[Conclusion]This study could provide references for the targeted use of drought-resistant parents to select hybrid combinations of proso millet in Ningxia.
文摘【目的】干旱是影响糜子生长发育及产量的主要制约因素之一,筛选优异抗旱资源及鉴定指标,为抗旱品种的选育和抗旱分子机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】以200份糜子核心种质资源为研究对象,于2021—2022年在甘肃敦煌连续开展2年的田间成株期抗旱性鉴定,试验设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理,测定叶面积(leafarea,LA)、主茎直径(mainstem diameter,MSD)、主茎节数(number of main stem nodes,NMSN)、主穗长(main panicle length,MPL)、穗下节间长度(pedunclelength,PL)、株高(plantheight,PH)、单株草重(strawweightperplant,SWPP)、单株穗重(panicleweight perplant,PWPP)、单株粒重(grainweightperplant,GWPP)、千粒重(thousandgrainweight,TGW)和小区产量(yield perplot,YPP)11个指标,采用综合抗旱系数(CDTC值)、抗旱指数(DRI值)和抗旱性度量值(D值)对糜子成株期抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】在不同水分处理条件下,叶面积、主茎直径、主茎节数、主穗长、穗下节间长度、株高、单株草重、单株穗重、单株粒重、千粒重和小区产量11个指标在不同种质间均表现为显著差异。干旱胁迫处理下,糜子的生长受到抑制,11个指标测定值均较正常灌水处理明显降低,且小区产量对干旱胁迫较敏感。相关性分析发现,11个测定指标的抗旱系数间均呈现出一定的相关性,其中,单株穗重和单株粒重的相关性最强,相关系数为0.943。主成分分析将11个鉴定指标转换成6个主成分,累计方差贡献率达80.667%。基于CDTC值、DRI值和D值的糜子资源抗旱性排序基本一致。根据D值利用聚类分析将200份糜子种质资源抗旱性划分为4类,第Ⅰ类为强抗旱型有10份,第Ⅱ类为抗旱型有70份,第Ⅲ类为干旱敏感型有81份,第Ⅳ类为干旱极敏感型有39份。株高、单株粒重、单株穗重和主穗长与D值的相关性较高,相关系数分别为0.756、0.697、0.696和0.679。通过逐步回归分析构建了糜子成株期抗旱评价的回归方程:Y=-1.509+0.362X1+0.174X2+0.349X3+0.389X4+0.307X5+0.251X6+0.218X7。【结论】抗旱性度量值法适宜于糜子成株期抗旱性评价;筛选出巴林左疙塔黍(00000525)、高台乌糜子(00002677)和民乐红糜子(00002687)等10份强抗旱性材料;株高、单株穗重和主穗长可作为糜子成株期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标。
基金jointly supported by two research grants(R202016 and R202017)from Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College,China。
文摘In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and functional properties.Significant differences in starch particle morphology,swelling power,solubility,syneresis,crystalline pattern,and pasting viscosity were observed among the starches from these nontraditional sources.Further,all these isolated starches had unique properties because of their characteristic distinct granules when seen under scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The amylose content of the isolated starches shown significant difference(P<0.05),and the values ranged between 11.46%and 37.61%.Results demonstrated that the isolated starches contained between 79.82%to 86.56%starch,indicating that the isolated starches had high purity.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns of starches isolated from sorghum,proso millet,quinoa,purple potato,and gorgon fruit presented A-type diffraction pattern;while lentil seeds,arrowhead,and chickpea starches presented C-type diffraction pattern.Overall,these results will promote the development of products based on starch isolated from non-traditional starches.
