[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal do...[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal dose(LD_(50))was determined by acute toxicity test with the toxic reaction and mortality of mice as indexes.Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model group(ConA-induced liver injury model),Jinchuan formula plum wine high,medium and low dose groups(1.0,0.5,0.25 g/kg)and silybin group(0.1 g/kg).The levels of ALT,AST,LDH in serum and TG,VLDL in liver were measured.After HE staining,the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice were observed,and the liver protective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract was analyzed and evaluated.[Results]LD_(50)was 11.18 g/kg,and the 95%confidence limit of LD_(50)was 10.31-12.05 g/kg.The high-dose group of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract could significantly reduce the serum ALT and AST activities of ConA-induced liver injury mice(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jinchuan formula plum wine extract is relatively safe,and also has a protective effect on liver injury.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative damage is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic diseases,and natural antioxidant peptides have good abilities of scavenging ROS.The antioxidant activity of...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative damage is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic diseases,and natural antioxidant peptides have good abilities of scavenging ROS.The antioxidant activity of peptide Lys-Ser-Pro-Leu-Tyr(KSPLY)derived from Hericium erinaceus remains unclear.In the present study,the antioxidant effect and mechanism of KSPLY on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells were investigated.The results indicated that KSPLY exhibited the antioxidant capacity in H_(2)O_(2)-induced HepG2 cells by enhancing superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT)activities.In comparison with the H_(2)O_(2)-treated damage group,the apoptosis rate,ROS level,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of HepG2 cells treated with KSPLY were significantly decreased.The H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY pretreatment promoted the expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway,thereby inhibiting the generation of ROS and MDA.In conclusion,the H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY effectively protected HepG2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage,and it provided a theoretical basis for the further development of new natural antioxidants.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Phycocyanin can anti-oxidize and clear free radial. Whether its protective effect on brain is related to Caspase-3, the promoter and operator of apoptosis, is highly concerned. OBJECTIVE: To observe phycoc...BACKGROUND: Phycocyanin can anti-oxidize and clear free radial. Whether its protective effect on brain is related to Caspase-3, the promoter and operator of apoptosis, is highly concerned. OBJECTIVE: To observe phycocyanin for protecting nerve function and reducing the size of cerebral infarction of rats with brain ischemia-reperfusion and its effect on the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA. DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University. MATERIALS: Totally 84 adult healthy female Wistar rats, weighing 210 to 250 g, of clean grade, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Shandong University. Phycocyanin (Institute of Oceanography of Chinese Academy of Sciences) was used. METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases during May to December 2005.① The rats were randomized into sham-operation group (n=4), control group (n=40) and phycocyanin-treated group (n=40). Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MACO/R) models were created on the rats of control and phycocyanin-treated groups with suture-occluded method by inserting a thread into left side external-internal carotid artery. In the sham-operation group, inserting suture was omitted. After ischemia for 1 hour and reperfusion for 2 hours, suspension of phycocyanin was intragastrically administrated into the rats of the phycocyanin-treated group at 100 mg/kg , and the same volume of normal saline was isochronously administrated into the rats of control group as the same. ② Six rats were chosen respectively from the control group and phycocyanin-treated group, then neurologic impairment degrees of rats were evaluated according to Bederson’s grading. ③ Six rats were chosen respectively from the control and phycocyanin-treated groups. The isolated brain tissue was stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and then the size of cerebral infarction was calculated with HPIAS-1000 image analytical system by calculating the ratio of cerebral infarction size at each layer and contralateral hemisphere size of the same layer. ④ Twenty-eight rats were chosen respectively from the control and phycocyanin-treated groups. Brain tissue was harvested at reperfusion for 6,12,24 hours and for 2,3,7 and 14 days after ischemia for 1 hour, respectively, 4 rats at each time point. Brain tissue of 4 rats of sham-operation group was harvested at the 24th hour after operation. Brain tissue sections were performed in situ hybridization detection of Caspase-3 mRNA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of neurologic impairment degree, cerebral infarction size and the expression of brain tissue Caspase-3 mRNA of rats between two groups. RESULTS: Totally 84 rats entered the stage of result analysis. ① Bederson’s scores at ischemia and reperfusion for 24 and 48 hours were significantly lower in the phycocyanin-treated group than in the control group(P < 0.05). ② After brain ischemia and reperfusion, the infarction area was the largest in the 3rd layer in both control and phycocyanin-treated group, which was(25.23±0.47)% and(23.09±1.20) %, respectively, and the size of infarction area in the 2nd layer to the 5th layer was significantly smaller in the phycocyanin-treated group than in the control group (P < 0.05). ③ Positive cell counts of brain tissue Caspase-3 mRNA: The number of positive cells of Caspase-3 mRNA of control group was increased from cerebral ischemia and reperfusion 6 hours, reached the peak at ischemia and reperfusion 24 hours, began to decrease 2 days later and positive cells of Caspase-3 mRNA were still expressed on the 14th day after reperfusion. At ischemia and reperfusion 6,12 and 24 hours as well as 2,3,7 and 14 days, positive cell counts of Caspase-3 at peripheral ischemic area were significantly lower in the phycocyanin-treated group[(70.67 ±3.65), (85.06±4.79), (119.54±5.37) ,(74.26±2.19), (62.08±3.34), (23.11±1.89), (10.75±2.63) /visual field] than in the control group[(94.38±8.28),(108.81±16.11),(140.88±14.47),(98.13±11.31),(81.03±9.31),(31.22±8.86), (16.06±5.96)/visual field] ( P < 0.05); and those at central ischemic area were also significantly lower in the phycocyanin-treated group [(33.86±4.01),(39.51±3.46),(50.96±2.53),(43.07±4.09),(36.25±3.72),(9.03±3.87),(4.91±5.59)/visual field ]than in the control group[(51.35±2.13),(54.87±3.42),(61.77±4.94),(55.69±6.06),(49.01±5.73),(12.84±3.37),(7.32±2.39)/visual field](P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Phycocyanin can obviously improve the neurologic function, reduce the size of brain infarction and down-regulate the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA of rats with ischemia and reperfusion injury, thus protect brain.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from sweet potato leaves on liver injury induced by CCl_(4)in mice.[Methods]25 ICR mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,high-dose ...[Objectives]To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from sweet potato leaves on liver injury induced by CCl_(4)in mice.[Methods]25 ICR mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,high-dose extract group(200 mg/kg),low-dose extract group(100 mg/kg)and positive control group(2 mg/kg colchicine),with 5 mice in each group.All groups except the blank group were given intraperitoneal injection of 20%CCl 4 olive oil solution(2 mL/kg),and the blank group was given the same dose of olive oil solution three times a week.After 4 weeks,each administration group was given the corresponding dose of drugs(10 mL/kg),and the blank group and model group were given the corresponding amount of normal saline for 2 weeks.After the last intragastric administration,fasting was required,but water was allowed,blood was taken from eyeballs,and upper serum was taken by static centrifugation.Serum AST,ALT,CRP,IL-6 and SOD levels were detected by the kit.[Results]Compared with the blank group,the serum AST and ALT levels in the model group were significantly increased;compared with the model group,the ethanol extract of sweet potato leaves could decrease the levels of ALT,AST,CRP,IL-6 and increase the level of SOD in serum.[Conclusions]The ethanol extract of sweet potato leaves had protective effect on the mice with liver injury induced by CCl_(4),and its mechanism may be to protect the liver by lowering enzymes,inhibiting inflammation and antioxidant stress.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical c...BACKGROUND: The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) transplantation achieves good therapeutic effects, but the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe survival of transplanted hUCMSCs in SCIRI rat models and the influence on motor function in the hind limbs, to determine interleukin-8 expression and cellular apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, and to verify the hypothesis that hUCMSC transplantation exhibits protective effects on SCIRI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China between January 2007 and December 2008. MATERIALS: hUCMSCs were harvested from umbilical cord blood of healthy pregnant women after parturition in the Obstetrical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China. Rabbit anti-human BrdU monoclonal antibody was provided by DAKO, USA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) Kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit were purchased by Wuhan Boster, China. METHODS: A total of 72 healthy, Wistar, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-surgery, model, and transplantation, with 24 rats in each group. SCIRI was induced in the model and transplantation groups via the abdominal aorta block method. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was not blocked in the sham-surgery group. Prior to abdominal aorta occlusion, 0.2-0.3 mL bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled hUCMSCs suspension (cell concentration 5 × 103/μL) was injected through the great saphenous vein of the hind limb, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pathological observation of rat spinal cord tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine hUCMSCs survival in the spinal cord. The amount of cellular apoptosis and interleukin-8 expression in spinal cord tissues was assayed utilizing the TUNEL and ELISA methods, respectively. Motor function in the hind limbs was evaluated according to Jacob's score. RESULTS: Numerous BrdU-positive cells were observed in spinal cord tissues from the transplantation group. The number of apoptotic cells and interleukin-8 levels significantly decreased in the transplantation group (P < 0.05), pathological injury was significantly ameliorated, and motor function scores significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the model group. CONCLUSION: Via vein transplantation, hUCMSCs were shown to reach and survive in the injury area. Results suggested that the transplanted hUCMSCs contributed to significantly improved pathological changes in the injured spinal cord, as well as motor function, following SCIRI. The protective mechanism correlated with inhibition of cellular apoptosis and reduced production of inflammatory mediators.展开更多
This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the develo...This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the development of a plastic zone. Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass. In addition, the stress and depth of fracture of any point in the floor were deduced with the application of Maple Calculation Software. The specific engineering parameters of the Pingdingshan No. 12 colliery were applied to determine the relationship between the depth of fracture in the floor and the mining height. The pressure-relief principle of the underlying coal-rock mass was analyzed while varying the mining height of the upper protective seam. The findings indicate that as the depth of fracture in the floor increases, the underlying coal-rock mass experiences a limited amount of pressure relief, and the pressure relief protection range becomes narrower.Additionally, the stress distribution evolves from a ‘‘U" shape into a ‘‘V" shape. A 2.0 m mining height of protective seam situates the outburst-prone seam, Ji_(15), within the effective pressure relief protection range. The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits. The measurement data show that: after mining the upper protective seam, the gas pressure of Ji_(15) dropped from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, demonstrating agreement between the engineering application and the theoretical calculation.展开更多
Land desertification and aeolian activity are currently the greatest threats to alpine ecological environments and are also the primary challenges of desertification control and ecological restoration projects.Affores...Land desertification and aeolian activity are currently the greatest threats to alpine ecological environments and are also the primary challenges of desertification control and ecological restoration projects.Afforestation of sandy lands around the Qinghai Lake in China has effectively controlled the desertification of this watershed.However,certain issues remain which challenge its overall success,including lack of diverse biological species and poor theoretical understanding of aeolian processes,such as controlling wind-sand flow in relation to complex alpine ecological factors.Therefore,to help improving afforestation techniques,this research focused on Hippophae rhamnoides,Salix cheilophila,Pinus sylvestris,Populus simonii and Artemisia desertorum vegetation implanted in the mobile dunes on the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake.Aeolian transport characteristics and annual changes to community ecological factors from 2010–2016 were monitored in comparison with uncontrolled sand dunes.Based on simultaneous observations using gradient anemometers and sand samplers,it was found that the aeolian activities exhibited the following features:1)In re-vegetated lands,the logarithmic growth of wind speed was disrupted by the wind speed amplification in the middle and high layers and wind speed reduction in the low layers,while vegetation had significant wind-breaking(>37%)and sand-fixing(>85%)effects in 2016.2)Wind speeds in re-vegetated lands and mobile dunes showed a linear correlation,especially in lower layers of H.rhamnoides and S.cheilophila,while sand transport in re-vegetated land increased linearly or exponentially with increasing wind speed.3)The four artificial shrubs and forests had greater sand deposition with intensities of 280–860 t/(ha·yr),largely concentrated during winter and spring which accounted for 60%–85%of the annual cycle,while A.desertorum experienced significant root undercutting;and 4)Intensity of aeolian activity in re-vegetated lands,except for A.desertorum,was significantly negative with respect to plant growth structure,community cover,topsoil moisture,and regional precipitation.Overall,these five sand-binding species produced optimistic wind-sand protection effects for the alpine sandy lands,which relied on the plants’physical disturbance of wind-sand flow during the early stages of community development.In comparison,H.rhamnoides and S.cheilophila individually maintained stable wind-sand protection effects,while P.sylvestris and P.simonii were better in mixing with other shrubs and herbs to achieve a comprehensive ecological system for future control of aeolian activity.展开更多
In order to observe it blockers of sodium channel obsesses the neuroprotective effect on hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal cell under the condition of transient brain ischemia, the present experiment used 24 male Wistar rats...In order to observe it blockers of sodium channel obsesses the neuroprotective effect on hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal cell under the condition of transient brain ischemia, the present experiment used 24 male Wistar rats aged 9 months and divided them into four groups. Lidocaine and/or furosemide were injected introcerebroventicularlly (I.C.V). Stained with H E and accounted the CA 1 pyramidal cell numbers by computer in each group suggested following findings: Although 5 μl of 2% lidocaine was injected I.C.V, the results indicated lidocaine didn’t have any blockade to pyramidal cell injuries in hippocampal CA 1 area (P<0 05). In the group medicated with 2 5μl of both 2% lidocaine and 2% furosemide, the results showed that the combined approach had a blockade to injuries of pyramidal cells compared with control group (P<0 01). The present experiment indicates that the combined blockade of lidocaine and furosemide injected I.C.V. to Na + channel can prevent the injuries from hippocampal neurons owing to ischemia.展开更多
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that melatonin(MT) can protect secondary neuronal injury.However,the protective effect of MT on neuronal injury in ischemia/reperfusion models in vitro still has not been proved.OBJEC...BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that melatonin(MT) can protect secondary neuronal injury.However,the protective effect of MT on neuronal injury in ischemia/reperfusion models in vitro still has not been proved.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of MT on central ischemic injury of nerve cells and analyze its possible mechanism.DESIGN: Contrast observational study.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: Rats aged 7-8 days and weighing 10-12g were provided by Medical Experimental Animal Center,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,MT was provided by Sigma Company,USA.METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Tongji Hospital,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2002 to March 2004.The effects of MT on the neurodegeneration induced by oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) were tested in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells.Neuron damage was quantitatively assessed by Typan Blue exclusion and MTT assay at different time points after oxygen-glucose-deprivation(90 minutes).DNA gel electrophoresis and acridine orange stain were performed to determine the nature of cell damage.And fluorescence spectrophotometer was used for quantification of intracellular malondialdehyde(MDA)at various time intervals.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between degrees of neuronal injury and reperfusion times,apoptosis,and production of MDA in cells.RESULTS:①The neuron injury was aggravated with reperfusion time.②The protective effect of MT was time-and dose-dependent when its concentration was not higher than 10 μmol/L.⑧When neurons were exposed to OGD for 90 minutes.part of the cells exhibited typical features of apoptosis:internucleosomal DNA condensation and DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis.MT added to cells recovering from OGD exerted neuroprotective action against OGD-induced apoptosis.④In OGD exposed cultures,the production of MDA burst 12 hours after OGD,while MT significantly decreased the generation of MDA(P＜0.05)in a time-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: MT may have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of ischemic/hypoxic neuronal damage,and this neuroprotective action may contribute to the antioxidant nature of MT.展开更多
The rates of Hill reaction and contents of MDA in chloroplast of wheat seedling under salinity stress or treated by ·O - 2 , which was produced by the system of xanthine and xanthine oxidase were studied. The res...The rates of Hill reaction and contents of MDA in chloroplast of wheat seedling under salinity stress or treated by ·O - 2 , which was produced by the system of xanthine and xanthine oxidase were studied. The results show that ·O - 2 can destroy structure and function of chloroplast, and cerium protects those of the cell organelle by cleaning ·O - 2 . The higher the concentration of cerium is, the stronger the protective effects of cerium is on chloroplast treated by ·O - 2 in the condition of the certain lower concentration of cerium. The function of cerium is as the same as SOD in scavenging ·O - 2 , and the effective time of protective effect is longer. This effect is more important as chloroplast is in photostage.展开更多
Objective Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and its related ischemia reperfusion injury may cause endothelial cell injury. To study the protective effects of sodium ferulate in vascular endothelial function during CPB by t...Objective Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and its related ischemia reperfusion injury may cause endothelial cell injury. To study the protective effects of sodium ferulate in vascular endothelial function during CPB by testing the changes of vascular endothelial cell(CEC) ,nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in children with congenital heart disease. Methods Sixty patients展开更多
The protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts against damage induced by extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic field(ELF-EMF)were investigated in a rat model.Wistar rats were exposed to ELF-EMF with or with...The protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts against damage induced by extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic field(ELF-EMF)were investigated in a rat model.Wistar rats were exposed to ELF-EMF with or without the administration of blueberry anthocyanin extracts(50,100,and 200 mg/kg per day intragastrically once a day)for 30 days.Blueberry anthocyanin extracts supplementation inhibited the decrease in Nissl substance levels,cell membrane integrity,and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by ELF-EMF;prevented the increase in nitric oxide,malondialdehyde,and Ca2+concentrations;suppressed superoxide dismutase and glutathione depletion;and enhanced the cognitive ability of the rats exposed to ELF-EMF.The protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts against hippocampal neuron injury caused by ELF-EMF were dose-dependent.These results demonstrated that blueberry anthocyanin extracts suppress hippocampal neuron injury caused by ELF-EMF by inhibiting cell membrane damage and oxidative stress pathways,and suggested that blueberry anthocyanin treatment potentially prevents hippocampal neuron injury.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of tetrahydroberberine(THB)on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD)and LPS-induced cell injury model.Methods:MTT assay was used...Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of tetrahydroberberine(THB)on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD)and LPS-induced cell injury model.Methods:MTT assay was used to detect the effects of THB final concentration on the survival rate of EA.hy926 cells,which were 0μg/mL,2.5μg/mL,5μg/mL,10μg/mL,20μg/mL and 40μg/mL,respectively.Group I of the experiment:normal control group,OGD group,OGD+THB-10μg/mL group,OGD+THB-20μg/mL group,OGD+THB-40μg/mL group;Experimental group II group:normal Control group,LPS group,OGD+LPS group and OGD+LPS+THB-20μg/mL group.The relative expression of inflammation-related factors such as Caspase-1,ASC,IL-1βand IL-6 was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of IL-1βand HO-1 was detected by Western Blot analysis.Results:The results of MTT assay showed that THB had no effect on the survival of EA.hy926 cells.The qPCR results of the experimental group I and II showed that the OGD model could play an anti-inflammatory protective role by down-regulating the expression of Caspase-1,ASC,IL-1βand IL-6 genes.The anti-inflammatory effect of THB on the OGD model was general,but it was found that THB also exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory genes by OGD+LPS group compared with OGD+LPS+THB-20μg/mL group.Western Blot analysis showed that the expression of IL-1βprotein was consistent with the results of qPCR.The expression of HO-1 protein as a protective factor was contrary to that of inflammatory factor fluorescence quantitative analysis.Conclusion:OGD model can improve the protective effect of cell stress.THB plays an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the expression of Caspase-1,ASC,IL-1βand IL-6 genes,up-regulating the expression of HO-1 protein and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies.展开更多
Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are a type of cation channel located on the cell membrane.TRP channels are divided into 7 subfamilies(TRPC,TRPA,TRPM,TRPV,TRPN,TRPP and TRPML)and widely expressed in myocardia...Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are a type of cation channel located on the cell membrane.TRP channels are divided into 7 subfamilies(TRPC,TRPA,TRPM,TRPV,TRPN,TRPP and TRPML)and widely expressed in myocardial tissue.In recent years,with the application of gene knockout and transgenic model animals,it has been found that members of the TRP channel subfamilies TRPM,TRPC and TRPV are closely related to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.The activation or inhibition of TRP channels participates in the regulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,reduces the infarct area of the myocardium,and exerts a protective effect.Therefore,this paper first summarizes the structural characteristics of TRPM,TRPC,and TRPV and their distribution in the cardiovascular system,and then summarizes the mechanisms of TRPM,TRPC,and TRPV that regulate myocardial ischemia and reperfusion,which will provide a certain theoretical basis for treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span s...<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) is an organosulfur compound derived from aged garlic extract (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AGE</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Studies have reported that AGE possesses bioprotective capacity, including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. The present study examined the protective effects of SAC against carbon tetrachloride (CCl</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ten male Wistar rats aged 11 - 12 weeks were randomly divided into two groups (five rats/group) as control and SAC groups. All rats had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ad</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">libitum</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> access to water, and the SAC group received water containing SAC intragastrically (200 mg/kg) once daily for five consecutive weeks. In the fifth experimental week, 50% CCl</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in olive oil (1 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally three times a week to induce liver injury in both groups. Rats were sacrificed at 24 hours after the last CCl</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> injection, and liver tissues were excised for histopathological, immunohistochemical and antioxidant analyses. The rats in the SAC group did not show abnormal behavior, such as decreased water intake or food consumption, during the experimental period. Body weights in all groups did not change significantly over the experimental period. Histopathological analysis showed that the percentage of hepatic steatosis was lower in the SAC group at 12.75% ± 3.74% compared to 24.64% ± 5.29% in the control group (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05). The percentage of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) distribution area in the SAC group was also lower at 19.61% ± 6.18% compared with 25.22% ± 6.21% in the control group (</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05). These results suggest that SAC can alleviate CCl</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-induced liver damage by decreasing hepatic steatosis and reducing CYP2E1 expression in rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Sodium valproate (VPA) is used to be an effective anti-epileptic drug. VPA possesses the characteristics of penetrating rapidly through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increasing levels of Bcl-2 and grow...BACKGROUND: Sodium valproate (VPA) is used to be an effective anti-epileptic drug. VPA possesses the characteristics of penetrating rapidly through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increasing levels of Bcl-2 and growth cone-associated protein (GAP) 43 in spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of VPA on Bcl-2 expression and motor neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord of rats following sciatic nerve transection. DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Wuhan Puai Hospital. MATERIALS: A total of 30 male healthy SD rats of clean grade and with the body mass of 180-220 g were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Medical College of Wuhan University. Sodium Valproate Tablets were purchases from Hengrui Pharmaceutical Factory, Jiangsu. METHODS: The experiment was performed in the Central Laboratory of Wuhan Puai Hospital and Medical College of Wuhan University from February to May 2006. Totally 30 rats were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n =15) and model group (n =15). Longitudinal incision along backside of right hind limbs of rats was made to expose sciatic nerves, which were sharply transected 1 cm distal to the inferior margin of piriform muscle after nerve liberation under operation microscope to establish sciatic nerve injury rat models. Sodium Valproate Tablets were pulverized and diluted into 50 g/L suspension with saline. On the day of operation, the rats in the treatment group received 6 mL/kg VPA suspension by gastric perfusion, once a day, whereas model group received 10 mL/kg saline by gastric perfusion, once a day. L4-6 spinal cords were obtained at days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, respectively. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique and immunohistochemical method (SP method) were used to detect absorbance (A) of neurons with positive Bcl-2 expression. Apoptotic rate of cells (number of apoptotic cells/total number of cells×100%) was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A value of neurons with positive Bcl-2 expression and apoptotic rate in spinal cord of rats in the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 30 SD rats were involved in the result analysis. ①expression of positive Bcl-2 neurons: A value of positive Bcl-2 neurons were 0.71±0.02, 0.86±0.04, 1.02±0.06 at days 4, 7 and 14, respectively after operation in the treatment group, which were obviously higher than those in the model group (0.62±0.03, 0.71±0.05, 0.89±0.04, t = 3.10-4.50, P < 0.05). ②apoptotic result of motor neurons: Apoptotic rate of motor neurons in spinal cord was (6.91±0.89)% and (15.12±2.34)% at days 7 and 14 in the treatment group, which was significantly lower than those in the model group [(9.45±1.61)%, (19.35±0.92)%, t = 2.39, 3.03. P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: VPA can increase expression of Bcl-2 in spinal cord and reduce neuronal apoptosis in rats following sciatic nerve injury, and has protective effect on motor neuron in spinal cord of rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Recent researches have indicated that estrogen has extensive neuroprotective effects. So some studies designed ovariectomized animal models and administrated with estrogen, so as to verify its neuroprotect...BACKGROUND: Recent researches have indicated that estrogen has extensive neuroprotective effects. So some studies designed ovariectomized animal models and administrated with estrogen, so as to verify its neuroprotective effects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of 17 beta-estradiol on the content of norepinephrine (NE) and level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in submandibular glands of rats with sympathetic nerve injury, and analyze the dose-dependence and pathway of action. DESIGN: A randomized control animal study.SETTINGS: Department of Hand Surgery, the 252 Hospital of Chinese PLA; Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: Fifty healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 rats in each group: sham-operated group, ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group, ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 50, 200 and 500 μg/kg groups. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between October 2005 and March 2006. Bilateral ovaries were only exposed but not resected for the rats in the sham-operated group, but bilateral ovaries were resected in all the other groups. In the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 50, 200 and 500 μg/kg groups, the rats were administrated with intraperitoneal injection of 6-OHDA (8 mg/kg), and then immediately given 17β-estradiol of corresponding dosages respectively, once a day for 10 days continuously. Rats in the sham-operated group and ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group were administrated with saline of the same volume. After administration, 5 rats in each group were killed to determine the NE contents in bilateral submandibular glands with high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD), and the other 5 rats were used to determine the TNF levels in submandibular glands with enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The NE contents and TNF levels in submandibular glands of rats in each group were observed. RESULTS: All the 50 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The NE content was obviously lower in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group than in the sham-operated group [(1 035±196), (1 823±314) ng/g, P < 0.05], there were no significant differences between the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 50 μg/kg group and ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group [(1 004±253), (1 035±196) ng/g, P > 0.05], but obviously higher in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 200 and 500 μg/kg groups than in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group [(1 487±268), (1 939±274), (1 035±196) ng/g, P < 0.05]. ② The TNF level was obviously higher in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group than in the sham-operated group [(3.498±0.792), (1.893±0.533) ng/g, P < 0.05], there were no significant differences between the ovariectomy+ 6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 50 μg/kg group and ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group [(3.328±0.712), (3.498±0.792) ng/g, P > 0.05], but obviously lower in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 200 and 500 μg/kg groups than in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group [(2.639±0.438), (2.016±0.619), (3.498±0.792) ng/g, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Estrogen has obvious protective effect dose-dependently on 6-OHDA induced chemical sympathetic nerve terminal injury in rats, and it may play its protective role by reducing TNF level and ameliorating inflammatory reaction.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the protective effect of Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))in mice.[Methods]The experimental mice were divided into 5 groups:normal gr...[Objectives]To study the protective effect of Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))in mice.[Methods]The experimental mice were divided into 5 groups:normal group,model group,positive control group,low-dose group and high-dose group of Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder.The model group was induced by CCl_(4),the positive control group was treated with liver-protecting tablet,and the Mongolian medicine group was treated with Youning Bawei Powder for one month.The liver tissue injury of mice in each group was observed by HE staining,and the levels of serum ALT,AST,SOD and MDA were detected.[Results]Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder significantly improved the pathological liver injury induced by CCl_(4),significantly decreased the content of ALT,AST and MDA in serum of mice with CCl_(4) liver injury,and significantly increased the activity of serum SOD.[Conclusions]Youning Bawei Powder,a Mongolian medicine,has a protective effect on liver injury induced by CCl_(4) in mice.展开更多
BACKGROUND: How to control the effect of oxygen-derived free radicals on development of cerebral injury and cerebral edema is a key factor for treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe and c...BACKGROUND: How to control the effect of oxygen-derived free radicals on development of cerebral injury and cerebral edema is a key factor for treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the protective effects, synergistic action and mechanisms of ultrashortwave (USW) and radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) on the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to China Medical University. MATERIALS: A total of 160 healthy Wistar rats of both genders and aged 18-20 weeks weighing 250-300 g of clean grade were selected in this study. 5 mL/ampoule RSM injection fluid was produced by the First Pharmaceutical Corporation of Shanghai (batch number: 011019, 0.01 mL/g). The USW therapeutic device was produced by Shanghai Electronic Device Factory with the frequency of 40.68 MHz and the maximal export power of 40 W. The first channel of power after modulation was 11 W. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of the First Hospital affiliated to China Medical University from May 2002 to January 2003. Focal ischemia-reperfusion model was established in rats by reversible right middle cerebral artery occlusion with filament. Right cerebral ischemia was for 2 hours and then with 24 hours reperfusion. The scores of neurological deficits were evaluated by 0 to 4 scales. After surgery, 64 successful rats models were divided into four groups according to digital table: control group, USW group, RSM group and RSM + USW group with 16 cases in each group. Rats in control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline (0.1 mL/g); rats in USW group were given small dosage of USW on head for 10 minutes at 6 hours after reperfusion; rats in RSM group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.01 mL/g RSM solution at 30 minutes before reperfusion; rats in RSM + USW group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.01 mL/g RSM parenteral solution at 30 minutes before reperfusion and given small dosage of USW on head for 10 minutes once at 6 hours after reperfusion; sixteen rats in sham operation group did not receive any treatment. All 80 rats were taken brains at 24 hours after reperfusion to measure wet and dry weights to calculate water content: Cerebral water content (%) = (1-dry/wet weight) × 100%. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured by hydroxylamine method and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured by TBA photometric method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebral water content, SOD activity and MDA content. RESULTS: All 160 rats except 80 failing in modeling were involved in the final analysis. ① The cerebral water content of left hemisphere made no significant difference (P > 0.05). The cerebral water content of right hemisphere in the control group and the three treatment groups was obviously higher than that of the sham operation group [(81.26±0.77)%, (79.74±0.68)%, (79.76±0.81)%, (79.61±0.79)%, (77.43±0.61)%, P < 0.05]. The cerebral water content of right hemisphere in the three treatment groups was obviously lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the three treatment groups (P > 0.05). ② Compared with the control group, SOD activity (right) of the control group decreased obviously (P < 0.05), while MDA content increased obviously (P < 0.05). SOD activity in the three therapeutic groups increased obviously, while MDA content decreased obviously (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference among the three treatment groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: ① USW and RSM therapy have neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries by means of decreasing cerebral water content and MDA and increasing the activity of SOD. ② Synergistic action was not observed between these two therapeutic methods.展开更多
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal dose(LD_(50))was determined by acute toxicity test with the toxic reaction and mortality of mice as indexes.Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model group(ConA-induced liver injury model),Jinchuan formula plum wine high,medium and low dose groups(1.0,0.5,0.25 g/kg)and silybin group(0.1 g/kg).The levels of ALT,AST,LDH in serum and TG,VLDL in liver were measured.After HE staining,the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice were observed,and the liver protective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract was analyzed and evaluated.[Results]LD_(50)was 11.18 g/kg,and the 95%confidence limit of LD_(50)was 10.31-12.05 g/kg.The high-dose group of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract could significantly reduce the serum ALT and AST activities of ConA-induced liver injury mice(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jinchuan formula plum wine extract is relatively safe,and also has a protective effect on liver injury.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(20KJB550016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101944)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative damage is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic diseases,and natural antioxidant peptides have good abilities of scavenging ROS.The antioxidant activity of peptide Lys-Ser-Pro-Leu-Tyr(KSPLY)derived from Hericium erinaceus remains unclear.In the present study,the antioxidant effect and mechanism of KSPLY on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells were investigated.The results indicated that KSPLY exhibited the antioxidant capacity in H_(2)O_(2)-induced HepG2 cells by enhancing superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT)activities.In comparison with the H_(2)O_(2)-treated damage group,the apoptosis rate,ROS level,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of HepG2 cells treated with KSPLY were significantly decreased.The H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY pretreatment promoted the expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway,thereby inhibiting the generation of ROS and MDA.In conclusion,the H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY effectively protected HepG2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage,and it provided a theoretical basis for the further development of new natural antioxidants.
文摘BACKGROUND: Phycocyanin can anti-oxidize and clear free radial. Whether its protective effect on brain is related to Caspase-3, the promoter and operator of apoptosis, is highly concerned. OBJECTIVE: To observe phycocyanin for protecting nerve function and reducing the size of cerebral infarction of rats with brain ischemia-reperfusion and its effect on the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA. DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University. MATERIALS: Totally 84 adult healthy female Wistar rats, weighing 210 to 250 g, of clean grade, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Shandong University. Phycocyanin (Institute of Oceanography of Chinese Academy of Sciences) was used. METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases during May to December 2005.① The rats were randomized into sham-operation group (n=4), control group (n=40) and phycocyanin-treated group (n=40). Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MACO/R) models were created on the rats of control and phycocyanin-treated groups with suture-occluded method by inserting a thread into left side external-internal carotid artery. In the sham-operation group, inserting suture was omitted. After ischemia for 1 hour and reperfusion for 2 hours, suspension of phycocyanin was intragastrically administrated into the rats of the phycocyanin-treated group at 100 mg/kg , and the same volume of normal saline was isochronously administrated into the rats of control group as the same. ② Six rats were chosen respectively from the control group and phycocyanin-treated group, then neurologic impairment degrees of rats were evaluated according to Bederson’s grading. ③ Six rats were chosen respectively from the control and phycocyanin-treated groups. The isolated brain tissue was stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and then the size of cerebral infarction was calculated with HPIAS-1000 image analytical system by calculating the ratio of cerebral infarction size at each layer and contralateral hemisphere size of the same layer. ④ Twenty-eight rats were chosen respectively from the control and phycocyanin-treated groups. Brain tissue was harvested at reperfusion for 6,12,24 hours and for 2,3,7 and 14 days after ischemia for 1 hour, respectively, 4 rats at each time point. Brain tissue of 4 rats of sham-operation group was harvested at the 24th hour after operation. Brain tissue sections were performed in situ hybridization detection of Caspase-3 mRNA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of neurologic impairment degree, cerebral infarction size and the expression of brain tissue Caspase-3 mRNA of rats between two groups. RESULTS: Totally 84 rats entered the stage of result analysis. ① Bederson’s scores at ischemia and reperfusion for 24 and 48 hours were significantly lower in the phycocyanin-treated group than in the control group(P < 0.05). ② After brain ischemia and reperfusion, the infarction area was the largest in the 3rd layer in both control and phycocyanin-treated group, which was(25.23±0.47)% and(23.09±1.20) %, respectively, and the size of infarction area in the 2nd layer to the 5th layer was significantly smaller in the phycocyanin-treated group than in the control group (P < 0.05). ③ Positive cell counts of brain tissue Caspase-3 mRNA: The number of positive cells of Caspase-3 mRNA of control group was increased from cerebral ischemia and reperfusion 6 hours, reached the peak at ischemia and reperfusion 24 hours, began to decrease 2 days later and positive cells of Caspase-3 mRNA were still expressed on the 14th day after reperfusion. At ischemia and reperfusion 6,12 and 24 hours as well as 2,3,7 and 14 days, positive cell counts of Caspase-3 at peripheral ischemic area were significantly lower in the phycocyanin-treated group[(70.67 ±3.65), (85.06±4.79), (119.54±5.37) ,(74.26±2.19), (62.08±3.34), (23.11±1.89), (10.75±2.63) /visual field] than in the control group[(94.38±8.28),(108.81±16.11),(140.88±14.47),(98.13±11.31),(81.03±9.31),(31.22±8.86), (16.06±5.96)/visual field] ( P < 0.05); and those at central ischemic area were also significantly lower in the phycocyanin-treated group [(33.86±4.01),(39.51±3.46),(50.96±2.53),(43.07±4.09),(36.25±3.72),(9.03±3.87),(4.91±5.59)/visual field ]than in the control group[(51.35±2.13),(54.87±3.42),(61.77±4.94),(55.69±6.06),(49.01±5.73),(12.84±3.37),(7.32±2.39)/visual field](P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Phycocyanin can obviously improve the neurologic function, reduce the size of brain infarction and down-regulate the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA of rats with ischemia and reperfusion injury, thus protect brain.
基金Supported by National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110599016)Guangxi Key R&D Project(GuiKeAB 18221095).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from sweet potato leaves on liver injury induced by CCl_(4)in mice.[Methods]25 ICR mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,high-dose extract group(200 mg/kg),low-dose extract group(100 mg/kg)and positive control group(2 mg/kg colchicine),with 5 mice in each group.All groups except the blank group were given intraperitoneal injection of 20%CCl 4 olive oil solution(2 mL/kg),and the blank group was given the same dose of olive oil solution three times a week.After 4 weeks,each administration group was given the corresponding dose of drugs(10 mL/kg),and the blank group and model group were given the corresponding amount of normal saline for 2 weeks.After the last intragastric administration,fasting was required,but water was allowed,blood was taken from eyeballs,and upper serum was taken by static centrifugation.Serum AST,ALT,CRP,IL-6 and SOD levels were detected by the kit.[Results]Compared with the blank group,the serum AST and ALT levels in the model group were significantly increased;compared with the model group,the ethanol extract of sweet potato leaves could decrease the levels of ALT,AST,CRP,IL-6 and increase the level of SOD in serum.[Conclusions]The ethanol extract of sweet potato leaves had protective effect on the mice with liver injury induced by CCl_(4),and its mechanism may be to protect the liver by lowering enzymes,inhibiting inflammation and antioxidant stress.
文摘BACKGROUND: The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) transplantation achieves good therapeutic effects, but the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe survival of transplanted hUCMSCs in SCIRI rat models and the influence on motor function in the hind limbs, to determine interleukin-8 expression and cellular apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, and to verify the hypothesis that hUCMSC transplantation exhibits protective effects on SCIRI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China between January 2007 and December 2008. MATERIALS: hUCMSCs were harvested from umbilical cord blood of healthy pregnant women after parturition in the Obstetrical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China. Rabbit anti-human BrdU monoclonal antibody was provided by DAKO, USA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) Kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit were purchased by Wuhan Boster, China. METHODS: A total of 72 healthy, Wistar, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-surgery, model, and transplantation, with 24 rats in each group. SCIRI was induced in the model and transplantation groups via the abdominal aorta block method. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was not blocked in the sham-surgery group. Prior to abdominal aorta occlusion, 0.2-0.3 mL bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled hUCMSCs suspension (cell concentration 5 × 103/μL) was injected through the great saphenous vein of the hind limb, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pathological observation of rat spinal cord tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine hUCMSCs survival in the spinal cord. The amount of cellular apoptosis and interleukin-8 expression in spinal cord tissues was assayed utilizing the TUNEL and ELISA methods, respectively. Motor function in the hind limbs was evaluated according to Jacob's score. RESULTS: Numerous BrdU-positive cells were observed in spinal cord tissues from the transplantation group. The number of apoptotic cells and interleukin-8 levels significantly decreased in the transplantation group (P < 0.05), pathological injury was significantly ameliorated, and motor function scores significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the model group. CONCLUSION: Via vein transplantation, hUCMSCs were shown to reach and survive in the injury area. Results suggested that the transplanted hUCMSCs contributed to significantly improved pathological changes in the injured spinal cord, as well as motor function, following SCIRI. The protective mechanism correlated with inhibition of cellular apoptosis and reduced production of inflammatory mediators.
基金supported by the Foundation for Distinguished professor of Jiangsu Provincethe Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51421003)
文摘This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the development of a plastic zone. Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass. In addition, the stress and depth of fracture of any point in the floor were deduced with the application of Maple Calculation Software. The specific engineering parameters of the Pingdingshan No. 12 colliery were applied to determine the relationship between the depth of fracture in the floor and the mining height. The pressure-relief principle of the underlying coal-rock mass was analyzed while varying the mining height of the upper protective seam. The findings indicate that as the depth of fracture in the floor increases, the underlying coal-rock mass experiences a limited amount of pressure relief, and the pressure relief protection range becomes narrower.Additionally, the stress distribution evolves from a ‘‘U" shape into a ‘‘V" shape. A 2.0 m mining height of protective seam situates the outburst-prone seam, Ji_(15), within the effective pressure relief protection range. The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits. The measurement data show that: after mining the upper protective seam, the gas pressure of Ji_(15) dropped from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, demonstrating agreement between the engineering application and the theoretical calculation.
基金Under the auspices of the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of East China University of Technology(DHBK No.2019052)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41961017,41661001)+1 种基金Key Research&Development and Transformation Plan of Qinghai Province(No.2019-HZ-814)State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology(No.2020-KF-06)。
文摘Land desertification and aeolian activity are currently the greatest threats to alpine ecological environments and are also the primary challenges of desertification control and ecological restoration projects.Afforestation of sandy lands around the Qinghai Lake in China has effectively controlled the desertification of this watershed.However,certain issues remain which challenge its overall success,including lack of diverse biological species and poor theoretical understanding of aeolian processes,such as controlling wind-sand flow in relation to complex alpine ecological factors.Therefore,to help improving afforestation techniques,this research focused on Hippophae rhamnoides,Salix cheilophila,Pinus sylvestris,Populus simonii and Artemisia desertorum vegetation implanted in the mobile dunes on the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake.Aeolian transport characteristics and annual changes to community ecological factors from 2010–2016 were monitored in comparison with uncontrolled sand dunes.Based on simultaneous observations using gradient anemometers and sand samplers,it was found that the aeolian activities exhibited the following features:1)In re-vegetated lands,the logarithmic growth of wind speed was disrupted by the wind speed amplification in the middle and high layers and wind speed reduction in the low layers,while vegetation had significant wind-breaking(>37%)and sand-fixing(>85%)effects in 2016.2)Wind speeds in re-vegetated lands and mobile dunes showed a linear correlation,especially in lower layers of H.rhamnoides and S.cheilophila,while sand transport in re-vegetated land increased linearly or exponentially with increasing wind speed.3)The four artificial shrubs and forests had greater sand deposition with intensities of 280–860 t/(ha·yr),largely concentrated during winter and spring which accounted for 60%–85%of the annual cycle,while A.desertorum experienced significant root undercutting;and 4)Intensity of aeolian activity in re-vegetated lands,except for A.desertorum,was significantly negative with respect to plant growth structure,community cover,topsoil moisture,and regional precipitation.Overall,these five sand-binding species produced optimistic wind-sand protection effects for the alpine sandy lands,which relied on the plants’physical disturbance of wind-sand flow during the early stages of community development.In comparison,H.rhamnoides and S.cheilophila individually maintained stable wind-sand protection effects,while P.sylvestris and P.simonii were better in mixing with other shrubs and herbs to achieve a comprehensive ecological system for future control of aeolian activity.
文摘In order to observe it blockers of sodium channel obsesses the neuroprotective effect on hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal cell under the condition of transient brain ischemia, the present experiment used 24 male Wistar rats aged 9 months and divided them into four groups. Lidocaine and/or furosemide were injected introcerebroventicularlly (I.C.V). Stained with H E and accounted the CA 1 pyramidal cell numbers by computer in each group suggested following findings: Although 5 μl of 2% lidocaine was injected I.C.V, the results indicated lidocaine didn’t have any blockade to pyramidal cell injuries in hippocampal CA 1 area (P<0 05). In the group medicated with 2 5μl of both 2% lidocaine and 2% furosemide, the results showed that the combined approach had a blockade to injuries of pyramidal cells compared with control group (P<0 01). The present experiment indicates that the combined blockade of lidocaine and furosemide injected I.C.V. to Na + channel can prevent the injuries from hippocampal neurons owing to ischemia.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hygienic Committee of Hubei Province, No: WJ01510
文摘BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that melatonin(MT) can protect secondary neuronal injury.However,the protective effect of MT on neuronal injury in ischemia/reperfusion models in vitro still has not been proved.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of MT on central ischemic injury of nerve cells and analyze its possible mechanism.DESIGN: Contrast observational study.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: Rats aged 7-8 days and weighing 10-12g were provided by Medical Experimental Animal Center,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,MT was provided by Sigma Company,USA.METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Tongji Hospital,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2002 to March 2004.The effects of MT on the neurodegeneration induced by oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) were tested in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells.Neuron damage was quantitatively assessed by Typan Blue exclusion and MTT assay at different time points after oxygen-glucose-deprivation(90 minutes).DNA gel electrophoresis and acridine orange stain were performed to determine the nature of cell damage.And fluorescence spectrophotometer was used for quantification of intracellular malondialdehyde(MDA)at various time intervals.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between degrees of neuronal injury and reperfusion times,apoptosis,and production of MDA in cells.RESULTS:①The neuron injury was aggravated with reperfusion time.②The protective effect of MT was time-and dose-dependent when its concentration was not higher than 10 μmol/L.⑧When neurons were exposed to OGD for 90 minutes.part of the cells exhibited typical features of apoptosis:internucleosomal DNA condensation and DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis.MT added to cells recovering from OGD exerted neuroprotective action against OGD-induced apoptosis.④In OGD exposed cultures,the production of MDA burst 12 hours after OGD,while MT significantly decreased the generation of MDA(P＜0.05)in a time-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: MT may have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of ischemic/hypoxic neuronal damage,and this neuroprotective action may contribute to the antioxidant nature of MT.
文摘The rates of Hill reaction and contents of MDA in chloroplast of wheat seedling under salinity stress or treated by ·O - 2 , which was produced by the system of xanthine and xanthine oxidase were studied. The results show that ·O - 2 can destroy structure and function of chloroplast, and cerium protects those of the cell organelle by cleaning ·O - 2 . The higher the concentration of cerium is, the stronger the protective effects of cerium is on chloroplast treated by ·O - 2 in the condition of the certain lower concentration of cerium. The function of cerium is as the same as SOD in scavenging ·O - 2 , and the effective time of protective effect is longer. This effect is more important as chloroplast is in photostage.
文摘Objective Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and its related ischemia reperfusion injury may cause endothelial cell injury. To study the protective effects of sodium ferulate in vascular endothelial function during CPB by testing the changes of vascular endothelial cell(CEC) ,nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in children with congenital heart disease. Methods Sixty patients
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation Key Program of Liaoning Province(20170540803)the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Project(LSNJC201911).
文摘The protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts against damage induced by extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic field(ELF-EMF)were investigated in a rat model.Wistar rats were exposed to ELF-EMF with or without the administration of blueberry anthocyanin extracts(50,100,and 200 mg/kg per day intragastrically once a day)for 30 days.Blueberry anthocyanin extracts supplementation inhibited the decrease in Nissl substance levels,cell membrane integrity,and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by ELF-EMF;prevented the increase in nitric oxide,malondialdehyde,and Ca2+concentrations;suppressed superoxide dismutase and glutathione depletion;and enhanced the cognitive ability of the rats exposed to ELF-EMF.The protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts against hippocampal neuron injury caused by ELF-EMF were dose-dependent.These results demonstrated that blueberry anthocyanin extracts suppress hippocampal neuron injury caused by ELF-EMF by inhibiting cell membrane damage and oxidative stress pathways,and suggested that blueberry anthocyanin treatment potentially prevents hippocampal neuron injury.
基金Hainan Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project(No.818QN247)NSFC(No.81460550)Hainan Key Science and Technology Project(No.ZDYF2018154)
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of tetrahydroberberine(THB)on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD)and LPS-induced cell injury model.Methods:MTT assay was used to detect the effects of THB final concentration on the survival rate of EA.hy926 cells,which were 0μg/mL,2.5μg/mL,5μg/mL,10μg/mL,20μg/mL and 40μg/mL,respectively.Group I of the experiment:normal control group,OGD group,OGD+THB-10μg/mL group,OGD+THB-20μg/mL group,OGD+THB-40μg/mL group;Experimental group II group:normal Control group,LPS group,OGD+LPS group and OGD+LPS+THB-20μg/mL group.The relative expression of inflammation-related factors such as Caspase-1,ASC,IL-1βand IL-6 was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of IL-1βand HO-1 was detected by Western Blot analysis.Results:The results of MTT assay showed that THB had no effect on the survival of EA.hy926 cells.The qPCR results of the experimental group I and II showed that the OGD model could play an anti-inflammatory protective role by down-regulating the expression of Caspase-1,ASC,IL-1βand IL-6 genes.The anti-inflammatory effect of THB on the OGD model was general,but it was found that THB also exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory genes by OGD+LPS group compared with OGD+LPS+THB-20μg/mL group.Western Blot analysis showed that the expression of IL-1βprotein was consistent with the results of qPCR.The expression of HO-1 protein as a protective factor was contrary to that of inflammatory factor fluorescence quantitative analysis.Conclusion:OGD model can improve the protective effect of cell stress.THB plays an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the expression of Caspase-1,ASC,IL-1βand IL-6 genes,up-regulating the expression of HO-1 protein and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies.
基金This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81303243)Innovation Team of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2019-QN02)。
文摘Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are a type of cation channel located on the cell membrane.TRP channels are divided into 7 subfamilies(TRPC,TRPA,TRPM,TRPV,TRPN,TRPP and TRPML)and widely expressed in myocardial tissue.In recent years,with the application of gene knockout and transgenic model animals,it has been found that members of the TRP channel subfamilies TRPM,TRPC and TRPV are closely related to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.The activation or inhibition of TRP channels participates in the regulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,reduces the infarct area of the myocardium,and exerts a protective effect.Therefore,this paper first summarizes the structural characteristics of TRPM,TRPC,and TRPV and their distribution in the cardiovascular system,and then summarizes the mechanisms of TRPM,TRPC,and TRPV that regulate myocardial ischemia and reperfusion,which will provide a certain theoretical basis for treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) is an organosulfur compound derived from aged garlic extract (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AGE</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Studies have reported that AGE possesses bioprotective capacity, including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. The present study examined the protective effects of SAC against carbon tetrachloride (CCl</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ten male Wistar rats aged 11 - 12 weeks were randomly divided into two groups (five rats/group) as control and SAC groups. All rats had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ad</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">libitum</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> access to water, and the SAC group received water containing SAC intragastrically (200 mg/kg) once daily for five consecutive weeks. In the fifth experimental week, 50% CCl</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in olive oil (1 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally three times a week to induce liver injury in both groups. Rats were sacrificed at 24 hours after the last CCl</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> injection, and liver tissues were excised for histopathological, immunohistochemical and antioxidant analyses. The rats in the SAC group did not show abnormal behavior, such as decreased water intake or food consumption, during the experimental period. Body weights in all groups did not change significantly over the experimental period. Histopathological analysis showed that the percentage of hepatic steatosis was lower in the SAC group at 12.75% ± 3.74% compared to 24.64% ± 5.29% in the control group (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05). The percentage of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) distribution area in the SAC group was also lower at 19.61% ± 6.18% compared with 25.22% ± 6.21% in the control group (</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05). These results suggest that SAC can alleviate CCl</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-induced liver damage by decreasing hepatic steatosis and reducing CYP2E1 expression in rats.
文摘BACKGROUND: Sodium valproate (VPA) is used to be an effective anti-epileptic drug. VPA possesses the characteristics of penetrating rapidly through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increasing levels of Bcl-2 and growth cone-associated protein (GAP) 43 in spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of VPA on Bcl-2 expression and motor neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord of rats following sciatic nerve transection. DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Wuhan Puai Hospital. MATERIALS: A total of 30 male healthy SD rats of clean grade and with the body mass of 180-220 g were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Medical College of Wuhan University. Sodium Valproate Tablets were purchases from Hengrui Pharmaceutical Factory, Jiangsu. METHODS: The experiment was performed in the Central Laboratory of Wuhan Puai Hospital and Medical College of Wuhan University from February to May 2006. Totally 30 rats were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n =15) and model group (n =15). Longitudinal incision along backside of right hind limbs of rats was made to expose sciatic nerves, which were sharply transected 1 cm distal to the inferior margin of piriform muscle after nerve liberation under operation microscope to establish sciatic nerve injury rat models. Sodium Valproate Tablets were pulverized and diluted into 50 g/L suspension with saline. On the day of operation, the rats in the treatment group received 6 mL/kg VPA suspension by gastric perfusion, once a day, whereas model group received 10 mL/kg saline by gastric perfusion, once a day. L4-6 spinal cords were obtained at days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, respectively. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique and immunohistochemical method (SP method) were used to detect absorbance (A) of neurons with positive Bcl-2 expression. Apoptotic rate of cells (number of apoptotic cells/total number of cells×100%) was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A value of neurons with positive Bcl-2 expression and apoptotic rate in spinal cord of rats in the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 30 SD rats were involved in the result analysis. ①expression of positive Bcl-2 neurons: A value of positive Bcl-2 neurons were 0.71±0.02, 0.86±0.04, 1.02±0.06 at days 4, 7 and 14, respectively after operation in the treatment group, which were obviously higher than those in the model group (0.62±0.03, 0.71±0.05, 0.89±0.04, t = 3.10-4.50, P < 0.05). ②apoptotic result of motor neurons: Apoptotic rate of motor neurons in spinal cord was (6.91±0.89)% and (15.12±2.34)% at days 7 and 14 in the treatment group, which was significantly lower than those in the model group [(9.45±1.61)%, (19.35±0.92)%, t = 2.39, 3.03. P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: VPA can increase expression of Bcl-2 in spinal cord and reduce neuronal apoptosis in rats following sciatic nerve injury, and has protective effect on motor neuron in spinal cord of rats.
文摘BACKGROUND: Recent researches have indicated that estrogen has extensive neuroprotective effects. So some studies designed ovariectomized animal models and administrated with estrogen, so as to verify its neuroprotective effects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of 17 beta-estradiol on the content of norepinephrine (NE) and level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in submandibular glands of rats with sympathetic nerve injury, and analyze the dose-dependence and pathway of action. DESIGN: A randomized control animal study.SETTINGS: Department of Hand Surgery, the 252 Hospital of Chinese PLA; Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: Fifty healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 rats in each group: sham-operated group, ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group, ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 50, 200 and 500 μg/kg groups. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between October 2005 and March 2006. Bilateral ovaries were only exposed but not resected for the rats in the sham-operated group, but bilateral ovaries were resected in all the other groups. In the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 50, 200 and 500 μg/kg groups, the rats were administrated with intraperitoneal injection of 6-OHDA (8 mg/kg), and then immediately given 17β-estradiol of corresponding dosages respectively, once a day for 10 days continuously. Rats in the sham-operated group and ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group were administrated with saline of the same volume. After administration, 5 rats in each group were killed to determine the NE contents in bilateral submandibular glands with high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD), and the other 5 rats were used to determine the TNF levels in submandibular glands with enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The NE contents and TNF levels in submandibular glands of rats in each group were observed. RESULTS: All the 50 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The NE content was obviously lower in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group than in the sham-operated group [(1 035±196), (1 823±314) ng/g, P < 0.05], there were no significant differences between the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 50 μg/kg group and ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group [(1 004±253), (1 035±196) ng/g, P > 0.05], but obviously higher in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 200 and 500 μg/kg groups than in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group [(1 487±268), (1 939±274), (1 035±196) ng/g, P < 0.05]. ② The TNF level was obviously higher in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group than in the sham-operated group [(3.498±0.792), (1.893±0.533) ng/g, P < 0.05], there were no significant differences between the ovariectomy+ 6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 50 μg/kg group and ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group [(3.328±0.712), (3.498±0.792) ng/g, P > 0.05], but obviously lower in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+17β-estradiol 200 and 500 μg/kg groups than in the ovariectomy+6-OHDA+saline group [(2.639±0.438), (2.016±0.619), (3.498±0.792) ng/g, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Estrogen has obvious protective effect dose-dependently on 6-OHDA induced chemical sympathetic nerve terminal injury in rats, and it may play its protective role by reducing TNF level and ameliorating inflammatory reaction.
基金the Fourth Batch of National Excellent Talents Research and Training Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Minority Medicine)[GuoZhongYiYaoRenJiaoHan(2019)28]National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1703900).
文摘[Objectives]To study the protective effect of Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))in mice.[Methods]The experimental mice were divided into 5 groups:normal group,model group,positive control group,low-dose group and high-dose group of Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder.The model group was induced by CCl_(4),the positive control group was treated with liver-protecting tablet,and the Mongolian medicine group was treated with Youning Bawei Powder for one month.The liver tissue injury of mice in each group was observed by HE staining,and the levels of serum ALT,AST,SOD and MDA were detected.[Results]Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder significantly improved the pathological liver injury induced by CCl_(4),significantly decreased the content of ALT,AST and MDA in serum of mice with CCl_(4) liver injury,and significantly increased the activity of serum SOD.[Conclusions]Youning Bawei Powder,a Mongolian medicine,has a protective effect on liver injury induced by CCl_(4) in mice.
基金Liaoning Province Social Development Fund Sustentation Item, No. 99225003
文摘BACKGROUND: How to control the effect of oxygen-derived free radicals on development of cerebral injury and cerebral edema is a key factor for treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the protective effects, synergistic action and mechanisms of ultrashortwave (USW) and radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) on the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to China Medical University. MATERIALS: A total of 160 healthy Wistar rats of both genders and aged 18-20 weeks weighing 250-300 g of clean grade were selected in this study. 5 mL/ampoule RSM injection fluid was produced by the First Pharmaceutical Corporation of Shanghai (batch number: 011019, 0.01 mL/g). The USW therapeutic device was produced by Shanghai Electronic Device Factory with the frequency of 40.68 MHz and the maximal export power of 40 W. The first channel of power after modulation was 11 W. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of the First Hospital affiliated to China Medical University from May 2002 to January 2003. Focal ischemia-reperfusion model was established in rats by reversible right middle cerebral artery occlusion with filament. Right cerebral ischemia was for 2 hours and then with 24 hours reperfusion. The scores of neurological deficits were evaluated by 0 to 4 scales. After surgery, 64 successful rats models were divided into four groups according to digital table: control group, USW group, RSM group and RSM + USW group with 16 cases in each group. Rats in control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline (0.1 mL/g); rats in USW group were given small dosage of USW on head for 10 minutes at 6 hours after reperfusion; rats in RSM group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.01 mL/g RSM solution at 30 minutes before reperfusion; rats in RSM + USW group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.01 mL/g RSM parenteral solution at 30 minutes before reperfusion and given small dosage of USW on head for 10 minutes once at 6 hours after reperfusion; sixteen rats in sham operation group did not receive any treatment. All 80 rats were taken brains at 24 hours after reperfusion to measure wet and dry weights to calculate water content: Cerebral water content (%) = (1-dry/wet weight) × 100%. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured by hydroxylamine method and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured by TBA photometric method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebral water content, SOD activity and MDA content. RESULTS: All 160 rats except 80 failing in modeling were involved in the final analysis. ① The cerebral water content of left hemisphere made no significant difference (P > 0.05). The cerebral water content of right hemisphere in the control group and the three treatment groups was obviously higher than that of the sham operation group [(81.26±0.77)%, (79.74±0.68)%, (79.76±0.81)%, (79.61±0.79)%, (77.43±0.61)%, P < 0.05]. The cerebral water content of right hemisphere in the three treatment groups was obviously lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the three treatment groups (P > 0.05). ② Compared with the control group, SOD activity (right) of the control group decreased obviously (P < 0.05), while MDA content increased obviously (P < 0.05). SOD activity in the three therapeutic groups increased obviously, while MDA content decreased obviously (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference among the three treatment groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: ① USW and RSM therapy have neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries by means of decreasing cerebral water content and MDA and increasing the activity of SOD. ② Synergistic action was not observed between these two therapeutic methods.
