The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the phytochemical constituents of the pericarp, mesocarp and segment membrane crude ethanolic extracts of Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.)) fruit were were tested against ...The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the phytochemical constituents of the pericarp, mesocarp and segment membrane crude ethanolic extracts of Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.)) fruit were were tested against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, saponins expressed as catechine quivalent (CE)/100ml and flavonoid expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100ml. The order of which was as follows pericarp > segment membrane > mesocarp. The strongest antioxidant activity was obtained by the pericarp extract (29.64 expressed as % lipid peroxidation). The differences in the measured amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity among the three sample extracts were found to be significant. In terms of antimicrobial activity, the pericarp, mesocarp and segment membrane extracts generated zone of inhibitions measuring 17.10, 18.00 and 17.03 mm for S. typhimurium, respectively at 100% concentration. E. coli was noted to be inactive in all three sample extracts at 100% concentration. The capacity of E. coli to counteract the inhibitory effect of the phytochemicals contained in the pummelo extracts may be attributed to its rough corrugated cell wall and thick periplasmic space as opposed to the smooth curved and barely seen periplasmic space of S. typhimurium. However, no significant correlation was detected among the phytochemical content, antioxidant and in vitro antimicrobial activities of the sample extracts against S. typhimurium.展开更多
[Objectives]This paper aimed to study the quality standard of pummelo pericarp from Guangxi.[Methods]The medicinal material was identified by microscopy and thin-layer chromatography,and the contents of moisture,total...[Objectives]This paper aimed to study the quality standard of pummelo pericarp from Guangxi.[Methods]The medicinal material was identified by microscopy and thin-layer chromatography,and the contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract in the medicinal material were determined according to the methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition).[Results]The content limits for moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined(moisture≤12%;total ash≤6.0%;acid-insoluble ash≤0.6%;water-soluble extract≥43.0%;naringin≥10.00 mg/g).The micro-characteristics of pummelo pericarp were identified,and a thin-layer chromatography identification and content determination method was established.[Conclusions]The established method can provide an experimental basis for the formulation of quality standard for pummelo pericarp.展开更多
Shatian pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck cv. Shatian) is an elite variety in China, and the regeneration of the embryogenic callus is difficult. Diploid Shatian pummelo was used as the female and crossed with the all...Shatian pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck cv. Shatian) is an elite variety in China, and the regeneration of the embryogenic callus is difficult. Diploid Shatian pummelo was used as the female and crossed with the allotetraploid somatic hybrid NS (Nova Tangelo + Succari Sweet orange), [ (C reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.) cv. Nova + C sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Succari]. About 90 days after pollination, the embryos obtained from crosses were cultured on the solid media of MT + ME (malt extraction, 500 mg L-1) and MT + GA3 (1 mg L-1). The embryogenic callus was initiated from the embryoids and plantlets’ hypocotyls and could be subcultured. Flow cytometry and SSR analysis verified that the callus was from the triploid hybrids. The callus had embryogenesis capacity and produced a large number of embryoids on MT + Lactose (50 g L-1) medium after being subcultured for two years. It is comparatively easier to obtain the callus from the hybrid embryo than from Shatian pummelo itself. The callus is valuable for the conservation and utilization of Shatian pummelo.展开更多
The genetic diversities of 110 pummelo germplasms and 12 of their relatives were analyzed by SSR and AFLP methods.Approximately 99.1% of the 335 SSR loci were polymorphic, and 9.85 alleles per SSR locus were identifie...The genetic diversities of 110 pummelo germplasms and 12 of their relatives were analyzed by SSR and AFLP methods.Approximately 99.1% of the 335 SSR loci were polymorphic, and 9.85 alleles per SSR locus were identified. The genediversity values changed from 0.1939 to 0.9073, and 46 SSR polymorphic bands were scored. 72% of the 343 AFLP lociwere polymorphic, and 82 polymorphic loci per AFLP were identified. Heterozygosity changed from 0.21863 to 0.28445,and 44 AFLP polymorphic bands were scored. The UPGMA result showed that 122 pummelo genotypes and their relativescould be divided into eight groups, and the pummelo genotypes composed mainly of Shatian pummelo varieties group,Wendan pummelo vareties group and a huge hybrid pummelo varieties group. The classification result was expected towiden the genetic background of pummelos using various target varieties.展开更多
China is one of the main production areas of pummelo [Citrus grandis(L.) Osbeck.] in the world and has lots of distinctive local cultivars.Systematic research on the detection of phenolics and antioxidant capacity of ...China is one of the main production areas of pummelo [Citrus grandis(L.) Osbeck.] in the world and has lots of distinctive local cultivars.Systematic research on the detection of phenolics and antioxidant capacity of peels of mature local cultivars pummelo fruits is rare.In the current study,phenolic composition and content in peels(flavedo and albedo) of ten Chinese local pummelo cultivars were determined using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radicals,ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid(ABTS)methods in the current study.The research not only provides data that support making full use of the resources of Chinese local pummelo cultivars,but also lays the theoretical basis for research of pummelo fruit nutrition and health values.The results showed that the total phenolic(TP)content in albedo was significantly higher than that in flavedo;on the contrary,the total flavonoid(TF) content was lower in the albedo than in the flavedo.C.grandis ‘Hongxinyou' flavedo contained the highest TP contents,C.grandis ‘Liangpingyou 78-8' flavedo contained the highest TF contents,and C.grandis ‘Guanxi Miyou' albedo contained the highest TP and TF contents.Naringenin,hesperetin,diosmin,and gallic acid were the predominant phenolics in the flavedo,whereas hesperetin,diosmin,rutin,chlorogenic acid,and gallic acid were the primary phenolics in the albedo.The flavedo of C.grandis ‘Yubei Shatianyou' and the albedo of C.grandis ‘Dianjiang Baiyou' had the highest antioxidant potency composite(APC) indexes.Overall,the ‘Yubei Shatianyou' flavedo and the ‘Dianjiang Baiyou' albedo are excellent sources of antioxidants and have the greatest potential value for exploitation and utilization.展开更多
Delayed greening of young leaves is an unusual phenomenon of plants in nature.Citrus are mostly evergreen tree species.Here,a natural mutant of“Guanxi”pummelo(Citrus maxima),which shows yellow leaves at the young st...Delayed greening of young leaves is an unusual phenomenon of plants in nature.Citrus are mostly evergreen tree species.Here,a natural mutant of“Guanxi”pummelo(Citrus maxima),which shows yellow leaves at the young stage,was characterized to identify the genes underlying the trait of delayed leaf greening in plants.A segregating population with this mutant as the seed parent and a normal genotype as the pollen parent was generated.Two DNA pools respectively from the leaves of segregating seedlings with extreme phenotypes of normal leaf greening and delayed leaf greening were collected for sequencing.Bulked segregant analysis(BSA)and In Del marker analysis demonstrated that the delayed leaf greening trait is governed by a 0.3 Mb candidate region on chromosome 6.Gene expression analysis further identified a key candidate gene(Citrus Delayed Greening gene 1,CDG1)in the 0.3 Mb region,which showed significantly differential expression between the genotypes with delayed and normal leaf greening phenotypes.There was a 67 bp In Del region difference in the CDG1 promoter and the In Del region contains a TATA-box element.Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed that the CDG1-GFP fusion protein signals were co-localized with the chloroplast signals in the protoplasts.Overexpression of CDG1 in tobacco and Arabidopsis led to the phenotype of delayed leaf greening.These results suggest that the CDG1 gene is involved in controlling the delayed leaf greening phenotype with important functions in chloroplast development.展开更多
基金The authors acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology,Philippines,for the financial support through a PhD scholarship for A.S.A.Barrion.
文摘The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the phytochemical constituents of the pericarp, mesocarp and segment membrane crude ethanolic extracts of Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.)) fruit were were tested against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, saponins expressed as catechine quivalent (CE)/100ml and flavonoid expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100ml. The order of which was as follows pericarp > segment membrane > mesocarp. The strongest antioxidant activity was obtained by the pericarp extract (29.64 expressed as % lipid peroxidation). The differences in the measured amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity among the three sample extracts were found to be significant. In terms of antimicrobial activity, the pericarp, mesocarp and segment membrane extracts generated zone of inhibitions measuring 17.10, 18.00 and 17.03 mm for S. typhimurium, respectively at 100% concentration. E. coli was noted to be inactive in all three sample extracts at 100% concentration. The capacity of E. coli to counteract the inhibitory effect of the phytochemicals contained in the pummelo extracts may be attributed to its rough corrugated cell wall and thick periplasmic space as opposed to the smooth curved and barely seen periplasmic space of S. typhimurium. However, no significant correlation was detected among the phytochemical content, antioxidant and in vitro antimicrobial activities of the sample extracts against S. typhimurium.
基金Supported by Fundamental Scientific Research Ability Enhancement Project for Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Universities and Colleges of Guangxi(2019KY0324)Graduate Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(YCSY20190096)+1 种基金Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(P2010016)College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Program of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(201910600022).
文摘[Objectives]This paper aimed to study the quality standard of pummelo pericarp from Guangxi.[Methods]The medicinal material was identified by microscopy and thin-layer chromatography,and the contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract in the medicinal material were determined according to the methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition).[Results]The content limits for moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined(moisture≤12%;total ash≤6.0%;acid-insoluble ash≤0.6%;water-soluble extract≥43.0%;naringin≥10.00 mg/g).The micro-characteristics of pummelo pericarp were identified,and a thin-layer chromatography identification and content determination method was established.[Conclusions]The established method can provide an experimental basis for the formulation of quality standard for pummelo pericarp.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30570973）Ministry of Science ＆ Technology, and Ministry of Education （IRT0548）.
文摘Shatian pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck cv. Shatian) is an elite variety in China, and the regeneration of the embryogenic callus is difficult. Diploid Shatian pummelo was used as the female and crossed with the allotetraploid somatic hybrid NS (Nova Tangelo + Succari Sweet orange), [ (C reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.) cv. Nova + C sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Succari]. About 90 days after pollination, the embryos obtained from crosses were cultured on the solid media of MT + ME (malt extraction, 500 mg L-1) and MT + GA3 (1 mg L-1). The embryogenic callus was initiated from the embryoids and plantlets’ hypocotyls and could be subcultured. Flow cytometry and SSR analysis verified that the callus was from the triploid hybrids. The callus had embryogenesis capacity and produced a large number of embryoids on MT + Lactose (50 g L-1) medium after being subcultured for two years. It is comparatively easier to obtain the callus from the hybrid embryo than from Shatian pummelo itself. The callus is valuable for the conservation and utilization of Shatian pummelo.
基金The project was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC30070528)the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of Ministry of Education,P.R.China.We are thankful to the Citrus Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences+1 种基金Horticultural Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciencesand Pummelo Germplasms Repository of Meixian County,Guangdong Province for providing part of plant materials.
文摘The genetic diversities of 110 pummelo germplasms and 12 of their relatives were analyzed by SSR and AFLP methods.Approximately 99.1% of the 335 SSR loci were polymorphic, and 9.85 alleles per SSR locus were identified. The genediversity values changed from 0.1939 to 0.9073, and 46 SSR polymorphic bands were scored. 72% of the 343 AFLP lociwere polymorphic, and 82 polymorphic loci per AFLP were identified. Heterozygosity changed from 0.21863 to 0.28445,and 44 AFLP polymorphic bands were scored. The UPGMA result showed that 122 pummelo genotypes and their relativescould be divided into eight groups, and the pummelo genotypes composed mainly of Shatian pummelo varieties group,Wendan pummelo vareties group and a huge hybrid pummelo varieties group. The classification result was expected towiden the genetic background of pummelos using various target varieties.
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171930)Project of Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTC2013JCYJA8002)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2014C091)Southwestern University Doctoral Fund Project(SWU112016)
文摘China is one of the main production areas of pummelo [Citrus grandis(L.) Osbeck.] in the world and has lots of distinctive local cultivars.Systematic research on the detection of phenolics and antioxidant capacity of peels of mature local cultivars pummelo fruits is rare.In the current study,phenolic composition and content in peels(flavedo and albedo) of ten Chinese local pummelo cultivars were determined using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radicals,ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid(ABTS)methods in the current study.The research not only provides data that support making full use of the resources of Chinese local pummelo cultivars,but also lays the theoretical basis for research of pummelo fruit nutrition and health values.The results showed that the total phenolic(TP)content in albedo was significantly higher than that in flavedo;on the contrary,the total flavonoid(TF) content was lower in the albedo than in the flavedo.C.grandis ‘Hongxinyou' flavedo contained the highest TP contents,C.grandis ‘Liangpingyou 78-8' flavedo contained the highest TF contents,and C.grandis ‘Guanxi Miyou' albedo contained the highest TP and TF contents.Naringenin,hesperetin,diosmin,and gallic acid were the predominant phenolics in the flavedo,whereas hesperetin,diosmin,rutin,chlorogenic acid,and gallic acid were the primary phenolics in the albedo.The flavedo of C.grandis ‘Yubei Shatianyou' and the albedo of C.grandis ‘Dianjiang Baiyou' had the highest antioxidant potency composite(APC) indexes.Overall,the ‘Yubei Shatianyou' flavedo and the ‘Dianjiang Baiyou' albedo are excellent sources of antioxidants and have the greatest potential value for exploitation and utilization.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872052 and 31925034)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Principal Foundation of Minnan Normal University(4206/L21816)。
文摘Delayed greening of young leaves is an unusual phenomenon of plants in nature.Citrus are mostly evergreen tree species.Here,a natural mutant of“Guanxi”pummelo(Citrus maxima),which shows yellow leaves at the young stage,was characterized to identify the genes underlying the trait of delayed leaf greening in plants.A segregating population with this mutant as the seed parent and a normal genotype as the pollen parent was generated.Two DNA pools respectively from the leaves of segregating seedlings with extreme phenotypes of normal leaf greening and delayed leaf greening were collected for sequencing.Bulked segregant analysis(BSA)and In Del marker analysis demonstrated that the delayed leaf greening trait is governed by a 0.3 Mb candidate region on chromosome 6.Gene expression analysis further identified a key candidate gene(Citrus Delayed Greening gene 1,CDG1)in the 0.3 Mb region,which showed significantly differential expression between the genotypes with delayed and normal leaf greening phenotypes.There was a 67 bp In Del region difference in the CDG1 promoter and the In Del region contains a TATA-box element.Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed that the CDG1-GFP fusion protein signals were co-localized with the chloroplast signals in the protoplasts.Overexpression of CDG1 in tobacco and Arabidopsis led to the phenotype of delayed leaf greening.These results suggest that the CDG1 gene is involved in controlling the delayed leaf greening phenotype with important functions in chloroplast development.
