Globally,many lakes are drying up,leaving exposed lakebeds where wind erosion releases dust and sand rich in salt and harmful heavy metals into the atmosphere.Therefore,understanding the characteristics and spatial di...Globally,many lakes are drying up,leaving exposed lakebeds where wind erosion releases dust and sand rich in salt and harmful heavy metals into the atmosphere.Therefore,understanding the characteristics and spatial distribution of playa surface crusts is important to recognize the manifestation of salt dust storms.The objective of this study was to explore the playa surface crust types as well as their spatial distribution and evolution of Qehan Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China to understand the salt dust release potential of different types of playa surface crusts.Various crust characteristics were investigated by field sampling in Qehan Lake,and playa surface crusts were further divided into five types:vegetated areas,salt crusts,clay flats,curly crusts,and margins.It should be noted that curly crusts were distributed in clay flats and covered only a small area in Qehan Lake.The spatial distribution characteristics of playa surface crust types were obtained by supervised classification of remote sensing images,and the salt dust release potential of crusts was explored by the wind tunnel experiments.The field investigation of Qehan Lake revealed that playa surface crust types had a circum-lake band distribution from the inside to the outside of this lake,which were successively vegetated areas,clay flats,salt crusts,and margins.The spatial distribution patterns of playa surface crust types were mainly controlled by the hydrodynamics of the playa,soil texture,and groundwater.There was a significant negative correlation between crust thickness and electrical conductivity.The results of the wind tunnel experiments showed that the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release was higher in clay flats(0.7–0.8 m/s)than in salt crusts(0.5–0.6 m/s).Moreover,the particle leap impact processes occurring under natural conditions may reduce this threshold value.Salinity was the main factor controlling the difference in the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release of clay flats and salt crusts.This study provides a scientific reference for understanding how salt dust is released from a lakebed,which may be used for ecological restoration of dry salt lakes.展开更多
以内蒙古东部查干淖尔湖西湖深97cm的浅井剖面为对象,根据取得的7个AMS14C测年数据建立其2070cal a BP以来的年代序列,结合孢粉组合特征与粒度组成的综合分析,重建该地区2070cal a BP以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,查干淖尔湖2070...以内蒙古东部查干淖尔湖西湖深97cm的浅井剖面为对象,根据取得的7个AMS14C测年数据建立其2070cal a BP以来的年代序列,结合孢粉组合特征与粒度组成的综合分析,重建该地区2070cal a BP以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,查干淖尔湖2070cal a BP以来气候环境变化具体可以分为3个阶段：2070~1150cal a BP,孢粉总浓度较高,以蒿属、藜科为主,沉积物各粒级组分变幅较小且以粉砂为主,水动力条件较弱,湖水位较高,气候温凉偏湿;1150~825cal a BP,孢粉总浓度显著降低,耐旱的麻黄属达到最高值,沉积物粗颗粒含量显著增加,水动力条件增强,湖水位降低,气候冷干,其中940~870cal a BP期间气候极端干旱;825cal a BP以来,总体温暖偏湿,有冷干事件发生。太阳活动可能是导致查干淖尔湖过去2000a气候变化的主要驱动力。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42067013, 41571090)
文摘Globally,many lakes are drying up,leaving exposed lakebeds where wind erosion releases dust and sand rich in salt and harmful heavy metals into the atmosphere.Therefore,understanding the characteristics and spatial distribution of playa surface crusts is important to recognize the manifestation of salt dust storms.The objective of this study was to explore the playa surface crust types as well as their spatial distribution and evolution of Qehan Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China to understand the salt dust release potential of different types of playa surface crusts.Various crust characteristics were investigated by field sampling in Qehan Lake,and playa surface crusts were further divided into five types:vegetated areas,salt crusts,clay flats,curly crusts,and margins.It should be noted that curly crusts were distributed in clay flats and covered only a small area in Qehan Lake.The spatial distribution characteristics of playa surface crust types were obtained by supervised classification of remote sensing images,and the salt dust release potential of crusts was explored by the wind tunnel experiments.The field investigation of Qehan Lake revealed that playa surface crust types had a circum-lake band distribution from the inside to the outside of this lake,which were successively vegetated areas,clay flats,salt crusts,and margins.The spatial distribution patterns of playa surface crust types were mainly controlled by the hydrodynamics of the playa,soil texture,and groundwater.There was a significant negative correlation between crust thickness and electrical conductivity.The results of the wind tunnel experiments showed that the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release was higher in clay flats(0.7–0.8 m/s)than in salt crusts(0.5–0.6 m/s).Moreover,the particle leap impact processes occurring under natural conditions may reduce this threshold value.Salinity was the main factor controlling the difference in the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release of clay flats and salt crusts.This study provides a scientific reference for understanding how salt dust is released from a lakebed,which may be used for ecological restoration of dry salt lakes.
文摘以内蒙古东部查干淖尔湖西湖深97cm的浅井剖面为对象,根据取得的7个AMS14C测年数据建立其2070cal a BP以来的年代序列,结合孢粉组合特征与粒度组成的综合分析,重建该地区2070cal a BP以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,查干淖尔湖2070cal a BP以来气候环境变化具体可以分为3个阶段：2070~1150cal a BP,孢粉总浓度较高,以蒿属、藜科为主,沉积物各粒级组分变幅较小且以粉砂为主,水动力条件较弱,湖水位较高,气候温凉偏湿;1150~825cal a BP,孢粉总浓度显著降低,耐旱的麻黄属达到最高值,沉积物粗颗粒含量显著增加,水动力条件增强,湖水位降低,气候冷干,其中940~870cal a BP期间气候极端干旱;825cal a BP以来,总体温暖偏湿,有冷干事件发生。太阳活动可能是导致查干淖尔湖过去2000a气候变化的主要驱动力。
